1697 — March 15, Massacre; Natives attack English settlers, Haverhill, MA — ~40
— ~40 Drake, Samuel G. Chronicles of the Indians of America. In Drake 1836, p. 172.[1]
— 39 Mather, Cotton. Magnalia Christi Americana. 1702 and 1893, p. 634.[2]
Narrative Information
Drake: “1697. March 15. – Haverhill Mass. is surprised and about 40 people killed.—Hannah Duston is among the captives, who soon after, while her Indian keepers are asleep, with the aid of another woman and a boy, kills 10 of them and makes good her escape.” (Drake. Chronicles of the Indians of America, From its First Discovery to the Present Time. 1836, p. 172.)
Marcelais: “Sergeant John Keyzar d. 1696/97, killed during the same Indian raiding party that captured Hannah Dustin. After her newborn daughter was brutally murdered while they were taking the prisoners to back to the Indian camp, she and 2 others obtained hatchets and killed their captors. Hannah herself killed 9 out of the 10.” (Marcelais. A Very Grave Matter (website). “Burying Grounds, Cemeteries, Gravestones & History of Haverhill, Massachusetts.” 2002.)
Mather: “On March 15, 1697, the savages made a descent upon the skirts of Haverhill, murdering and captivating about thirty-nine persons, and burning about half a dozen houses. In this broil, one Hannah Dustan, having lain in about a week, attended with her nurse, Mary Neff, a body of terrible Indians drew near unto the house where she lay, with designs to carry on their bloody devastations. Her husband hastened from his employments abroad unto the relief of his distressed family; and first bidding seven of his eight children (which were from two to seventeen years of age) to get away as fast as they could unto some garrison[3] in the town, he went in to inform his wife of the horrible distress come upon them. Ere she could get up, the fierce Indians were got so near, that, utterly despairing to do her any service, he ran out after his children; resolving that on the horse which he had with him, he would ride away with that which he should in this extremity find his affections to pitch most upon, and leave the rest unto the care of the Divine Providence. He overtook his children, about forth rod from his door; but then such was the agony of his parental affections, that he found it impossible for him to distinguish any one of them from the rest; wherefore he took up a courageous resolution to live and die with them all. A party of Indians came up with him; and now, though they fired at him, and he fired at them, yet he manfully kept at the rear of his little army of unarmed children, while they marched off with the pace of a child of five years old; until, by the singular providence of God, he arrived safe with them all unto a place of safety about a mile or two from his house. But his house must in the mean time have more dismal tragedies acted at it. The nurse, trying to escape with the new-born infant, fell into the hands of the formidable savages; and those furious tawnies coming into the house, bid poor Dustan to rise immediately. Full of astonishment, she did so; and sitting down in the chimney with an heart full of most fearful expectation, she saw the raging dragons rifle all that they could carry away, and set the house on fire. About nineteen or twenty Indians now led these away, with about half a score other English captives; but ere they had gone many steps, they dash’d out the brains of the infant against a tree; and several of the other captives, as they began to tire in the sad journey, were soon sent unto their long home; the savages would presently bury their hatchets in their brains, and leave their carcasses on the ground for birds and beasts to feed upon. However, Dustan (with her nurse) notwithstanding her present condition, travelled that night about a dozen miles, and then kept up with their new masters in a long travel of an hundred and fifty miles, more or less, within a few days ensuing, without any sensible damage in their health, from the hardships of their travel, their lodging, their diet, and their many other difficulties.
“These two poor women were now in the hands of those whose ‘tender mercies are cruelties;’ but the good God, who hath all ‘hearts in his own hands,’ heard the sighs of these prisoners, and gave them to find unexpected favour from the master who hath laid claim unto them. That Indian family consisted of twelve persons; two stout men, three women, and seven children; and for the shame of many an English family, that has the character of prayerless upon it, I must now publish what these poor women assure me. ‘Tis this: in obedience to the instructions which the French have given them, they would have prayers in their family no less than thrice every day; in the morning, at noon, and in the evening; nor would they ordinarily le their children eat or sleep, without first saying their prayers. Indeed, these idolaters were, like the rest of their whiter brethren, persecutors, and would not endure that these poor women should retire to their English prayers, if they could hinder them. Nevertheless, the poor women had nothing but fervent prayers to make their lives comfortable or tolerable; and by being daily sent out upon business, they had opportunities, together and asunder, to do like another Hannah, in ‘pouring out their souls before the Lord.’ Nor did their praying friends among our selves forbear to ‘pour out’ supplications for them. Now, they could not observe it without some wonder, that their Indian master sometimes when he saw them dejected, would say unto them, ‘What need you trouble your self? If your God will have you delivered, you shall be so!’ And it seems out God would have it so to be. This Indian family was now travelling with these two captive women (and an English youth taken from Worcester, a year and a half before), unto a rendezvous of savages, which they call a town, some where beyond Penacook; and they still told these poor women that when they came to this town, they must be stript, and scourg’d, and run the gantlet through the whole army of Indians. They said this was the fashion when the captives first came to a town; and they derided some of the faint-hearted English, which, they said, fainted and swoon’d away under the torments of this discipline. But on April 30, while they were yet, it may be, about an hundred and fifty miles from the Indian town, a little before break of day, when the whole crew was in a dead sleep…one of these women took up a resolution to imitate the action of Jael upon Siseria; and being where she had not her own life secured by any law unto her, she thought she was not forbidden by any law to take away the life of the murderers by whom her child had been butchered. She heartened the nurse and the youth to assist her in this enterprize; and all furnishing themselves with hatchets for the purpose, they struck such home blows upon the heads of their sleeping oppressors, that ere they could any of them struggle into any effectual resistance, ‘at the feet of these poor prisoners, they bow’d, they fell, they lay down; at their feet they bow’d, they fell; where they bow’d there the fell down dead.’ Only one squaw escaped, sorely wounded, from them in the dark; and one boy, whom they reserved asleep, intending to bring him away with them, suddenly waked, and scuttled away from this desolation. But cutting off the scalps of the ten wretches, they came off, and received fifty pounds from the General Assembly of the province, as a recompence of their action; besides which, they received many ‘presents of congratulation’ from their more private friends: but none gave ‘em a greater taste of bounty than Colonel Nicholson, the Governor of Maryland, who, hearing of their action, sent ‘em a very generous token of his favour.” (Mather, Cotton. “Article XXV,” Magnalia Christi Americana (Vol. II). 1702. 1893, pp. 634-636.)
Rix: “Thomas Wood…was killed by Indians, March 15, 1697.” (Rix, Guy Scoby. History and Genealogy of the Eastman Family of America. Concord, NH, 1901, p. 10.)
Ruth: “Henry Kimball, born about 1656; removed to Haverhill, Mass., about 1675….He md. [married] Dec. 14, 1677, Hannah Marsh, of Haverhill, Mass. She was killed by the Indians, March 15, 1698 [1697]. Children were: —
….
(f) Abigail Kimball, born April 7, 1689; captured March 15, 1697, by the Indians.
(g) John Kimball, born Sept. 27, 1691; killed March 15, 1698 [1697], by the Indians….”
(Ruth and Cooke. The Driver Family: A Genealogical Memoir of the Descendants of Robert and Phebe Driver of Lynn, Mass….1592-1887. 1889, p. 376.)
Wheeler: “Thomas Wood and child, Susanna, were killed by the Indians March 15, 1697. They live in Haverhill, Mass.,….” (Wheeler, Richard Anson. History of the Town of Stonington, County of New London, Connecticut. 1900, p. 610.)
Named Fatalities
Dustan infant and several other captives
Keyzar, Sergeant John
Kimball, John
Wood, Thomas
Wood, Susanna (child of Thomas)
Sources
Drake, Samuel G. Chronicles of the Indians of America, From its First Discovery to the Present Time. Boston: 1836. In: Drake, S. G. The Old Indian Chronicle; Being a Collection of Exceeding Rare Tracts Written and Published in the Time of King Philip’s War, by Persons Residing in the Country; to Which are Now Added Marginal Notes and Chronicles of the Indians From the discovery of America to the present time. Boston: Antiquarian Institute, 1836. Google digitized: http://books.google.com/books?id=NUwMAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Marcelais, Jenn. A Very Grave Matter (website). “Burying Grounds, Cemeteries, Gravestones & History of Haverhill, Massachusetts.” Gravematter.com. 2002. Accessed 2-17-2013 at: http://www.gravematter.com/cem-ma-haverhill.php
Mather, Cotton. Magnalia Christi Americana; or The Ecclesiastical History of New-England From Its First Planting, in the Year 1620, unto the Year of Our Lord 1698. In Seven Books (Vol. II). Hartford: Silas Andrus & Son, 1893. Digitized by the University of Michigan at: http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=miun.afk3754.0002.001;seq=1;view=1up
Rix, Guy Scoby. History and Genealogy of the Eastman Family of America. Concord, NH, 1901. Google digitized: http://books.google.com/books?id=mNwRhOz28XgC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Ruth, Harriet, and Waters Cooke. The Driver Family: A Genealogical Memoir of the Descendants of Robert and Phebe Driver of Lynn, Mass….1592-1887. NY: John Wilson and Son, University Press, Cambridge, Mass. 1889. Google digitized. Accessed 2-17-2013 at: http://books.google.com/books?id=Y28tAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Wheeler, Richard Anson. History of the Town of Stonington, County of New London, Connecticut. New London, CT: 1900, p. 610. Reprinted by Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., Baltimore, 1977. Google digitized. Accessed 2-15-2013 at: http://books.google.com/books?id=3O5ohqsqfckC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
[1] We believe that this is incorrect and must be a reference to those killed and captured. Writing over one hundred years earlier, Cotton Mather had it as 39 killed and captured.
[2] Killed and captured. Mather notes deaths of “several” who retarded the withdrawal, and Hannah Dustan’s baby.
[3] A fortified house.