1834 — ~July-Nov, Cholera, esp. Baltimore, Cleveland, Detroit, Goliad TX, NYC –>2,010
— >2,010 Blanchard tally based on breakouts below.
Summary of State & DC Breakouts Below
District of Columbia ( ?) Cases reported.
Florida ( ?) Cases reported.
Georgia ( >18) Savannah area.
Illinois ( 39)
Indiana ( 57)
Kentucky ( 24)
Maryland ( 64)
Michigan ( 99)
Mississippi ( ?) Cases reported.
Missouri ( 17)
New Jersey ( ?) Cases reported.
New York: (1,143)
North Carolina ( 10)
Ohio (~315)
Pennsylvania ( 74)
South Carolina ( ?)
Texas ( >94)
Virginia ( 27)
Maritime (Rivers) ( 29)
Total: 2,010
Breakout of Cholera Fatalities by State and Locality
District of Columbia ( ?)
–? Three or four cases. Vache. “A Brief Historical Sketch…” 1850, p. 49.
Florida ( ?)
–? Amelia Island. Cholera “appeared.” Vache. “A Brief Historical Sketch…” 1850, p. 50.
–? Pensacola. Cholera “appeared.” Vache. “A Brief Historical Sketch…” 1850, p. 50.
Georgia ( >18)
—>18 Sep. Savannah neighborhood. Phillips. American Negro Slavery. 1929, p. 300.[1]
Illinois ( 39)
–39 Statewide. Blanchard tally from locality breakouts below.
— ? Luzerne. Cholera “appeared.” Vache. “A Brief Historical Sketch…” 1850, p. 50.
–12 Pekin. Canal Telegraph, Logansport, IN. “Cholera.” 8-16-1834, p. 2, col. 4.
–27 Rushville. Schuyler Citizen, IL. “The Cholera Year of Rushville.” No date provided.
Indiana ( 57)
–57 Statewide. Blanchard tally from locality breakouts below.
–53 Boston, Wayne Co. Inter-State Publishing. History of Wayne County, [IN] (V1). 1884, 588.[2]
–1 Dr. Francis Dodge. Inter-State Pubs. History of Wayne County, [IN] (V1). 1884, 589.
–1 Dr. William Dulin. Inter-State Pubs. History of Wayne County, [IN] (V1). 1884, 589.
–1 Dr. Lewis C. Evans. Inter-State Pubs. History of Wayne County, [IN] (V1). 1884, 589.
–1 Dr. J. R. Fleishcraft. Inter-State Pubs. History of Wayne County, [IN] (V1). 1884, 589.
–9 Mark Harmon family (Mr. and Mrs. Harmon and seven of nine children.).[3]
–1 Dr. J. W. Marmon. Inter-State Pubs. History of Wayne County, [IN] (V1). 1884, 589.
–>3 Richmond. Inter-State Publishing. History of Wayne County, Indiana (V1). 1884, 588.[4]
–1 “ Watchman, Connersville, IN. “Cholera.” 8-29-1834, p. 2, col. 3.
— 1 Vincennes vic. Watchman, Connersville, IN. “The Hon. Charles Slade.” 7-25-1834, p. 2.
Kentucky ( 24)
–24 State. Blanchard tally from locality breakouts below.
— 2 Louisville. Canal Telegraph, Logansport, IN. “Cholera.” 8-16-1834, p. 2, c. 4.
— ? Mills’ Point. Cholera “appeared.” Vache. “A Brief Historical Sketch…” 1850, p. 50.
–22 Princeton, Caldwell Co. Canal Telegraph, Logansport, IN. “Cholera.” 8-16-1834, p. 2, c. 4
Maritime (Rivers) ( 29)
–29 Blanchard tally from breakouts below.
— 8 Steamboat Champion, Mississippi Riv. National Intelligencer, DC. 11-21-1834, p. 3, col. 4.
— 2 Steamboat Chicago, Aug. Chicago Hist. Society. “Water-Related Epidemics-Cholera.”[5]
–18 Steamboat Kentuckian. Canal Telegraph, Logansport, IN. “Cholera.” 8-16-1834, p. 2, c. 4.
Maryland ( 64)
–64 Baltimore. Blanchard tally from breakouts below.
–29 Baltimore, Nov 3-10. Republican Compiler, Gettysburg, PA. 11-18-1834, p. 3.
–35 Nov 16-22. Lycoming Chronicle, Williamsport, PA. “Cholera in Baltimore.” 11-26-1834, 3.
Michigan ( 99)
— 99 Detroit, Aug 1-15. Blanchard compilation from dates below.
— 52 “ Aug 1-11. Watchman, Connersville, IN. “Cholera.” 9-12-1834, p. 2.
— 4 “ Aug 12 noon. National Intelligencer, DC. “Cholera.” 8-26-1834, p. 3, col. 2.[6]
— 10 “ Aug 13 noon. National Intelligencer, DC. “Cholera.” 8-26-1834, p. 3, col. 2.
— 26 “ Aug 14 noon. National Intelligencer, DC. “Cholera.” 8-26-1834, p. 3, col. 2.
— 7 “ Aug 15 noon. National Intelligencer, DC. “Cholera.” 8-26-1834, p. 3, col. 2.
Mississippi ( ?)
–? Rushton. Cholera “appeared.” Vache. “A Brief Historical Sketch…” 1850, p. 50.
Missouri ( 17)
— 17 Jackson Co. Mormons. Canal Telegraph, Logansport, IN. “Cholera.” 8-16-1834, p. 2, c. 4.
New Jersey ( ?)
–? Bergen Hill. Vache. “A Brief Historical Sketch…” 1850, p. 49.
–? Newark Vache. “A Brief Historical Sketch…” 1850, p. 49.
New York: (1,143)
–1,143 Statewide. Blanchard tally from locality breakouts below.
— 78 Albany. Wynne. Abstract of Report on Epidemic Cholera… 1852, p. 43.[7]
–63 July-Aug 31 –15 Sep 1-15
–21 “ Reynolds, Cuyler. Albany Chronicles. 1906, p. 511.
— 3 “ Aug 13-15 noon. Torch Light, Hagerstown MD. “The Cholera.” 8-21-1834, 2
— 17 Buffalo.
–11 Buffalo, Aug 21, noon. National Intelligencer. “Cholera.” 8-26-1834, p. 3, col. 2
— 6 “ Aug 22-23. National Intelligencer, DC. “Buffalo.” 8-30-1834, 2.[8]
— ? Long Island. Vache. “A Brief Historical Sketch…” 1850, p. 49.
–971 NYC Dept. of Health and Mental Hygiene. Summary of Vital Statistics 2009.[9]
— 971 Hartshorne. Essentials of the Principles…of Medicine (5th Ed.). 1881, p. 481.[10]
— 971 Vache. “A Brief Historical Sketch of…Rise…Progress of Cholera…” 1850.[11]
–1,000 NYC. New York Times. “Epidemics in New York,” 2-16-1896.[12]
–827 “ By Sep 20. McClellan. “A History of…Cholera…In…America.” 1875, 593.
–827 “ Peters. “General History of the Disease…up to 1885,” in Wendt 1885, 24.
–656-734 “ by Sep 17. Republican Compiler, Gettysburg. “New York, Sept. 17.” 9-30-1834, 1.
–294 “ July 23-Aug 9. Watchman, Connersville, IN. “Cholera.” 9-12-1834, p. 2.
— 53 “ Aug 10-16. Washington Globe, DC. “Health of the City.” 8-21-1834, p. 3.
— 10 “ Aug 17. National Intelligencer, DC. “The Cholera.” 8-21-1834, 2, col. 2.
— 17 “ Aug 18 noon. National Intelligencer, DC. “The Cholera.” 8-21-1834, 2, c. 2.
— 16 “ Aug 23. National Intelligencer, DC. “Cholera.” 8-26-1834, p. 3, col. 2.
— 14 “ Aug 24. National Intelligencer, DC. “Cholera.” 8-26-1834, p. 3, col. 2.
— 26 “ Aug 25. National Intelligencer, DC. “Cholera.” 8-26-1834, p. 3, col. 2.[13]
— 24 “ Aug 26-27. National Intelligencer, DC. “New York.” 8-30-1834, 2.[14]
–197 “ Sep 6-13. National Intelligencer, DC. “New York, Sept. 22.” 9-25-1834, p2.
–85-90 “ Sep 14-20. National Intelligencer, DC. “New York, Sept. 22.” 9-25-1834, 2.
— ? Ogdensburg. “Prevailed severely at…Ogdensburgh…” Vache, 1850, p. 49.
— 17 Poughkeepsie, Aug 8-12. Adams Sentinel, Gettysburg. “Awful Mortality.” 9-1-1834, 4
— 58 Rochester. Green Bay Spectator (WI). “Cholera in Rochester,” 10-12-1852, p. 4.
— ? Salina. “Exhibited itself…” Vache 1850, p. 49.
— 2 Schenectady, Aug 18. National Intelligencer, DC. “Cholera.” 8-26-1834, p. 3, c. 2.[15]
North Carolina ( 10)
— 10 Washington, Oct. Washington Globe, DC. 10-30-1834, p. 1, col. 7.
Ohio (~315)
–~315 Statewide. Blanchard tally from locality breakouts below.
— ? Anderson. Cholera “appeared.” Vache. “A Brief Historical Sketch…” 1850, p. 50.
— ? Butler County. Cholera “appeared.” Vache. “A Brief Historical Sketch…” 1850, p. 50.
— 9 Cincinnati, by July 14. National Intelligencer, DC. “The Cholera.” 7-28-1834, p. 3, c.2.[16]
— 30 “ July 24-30. Adams Sentinel, Gettysburg. “Health of Cincinnati.” 8-18-1834, 5[17]
–~100 Cleveland. Miller & Wheeler. Cleveland: A Concise History, 1796-1996., 1997, p. 41.[18]
— ? Columbia. Cholera “appeared.” Vache. “A Brief Historical Sketch…” 1850, p. 50.
— 1 Columbus. Republican Compiler, Gettysburg, PA. “Died.” 10-28-1834, p. 2.
— 5 Dover. TimesReporter.com, OH. “…Canal brought…cholera to Valley.” 6-10-2012.
— 29 Fulton, July 4-17. Canal Telegraph, Logansport, IN. “Cholera.” 8-16-1834, p. 2, col. 4.[19]
— 16 Huron, Aug 10-15. Huron Reflector, Norwalk, OH, “Health of Huron.” 8-19-1834, p. 2.
— 9 Letart Falls. Canal Telegraph, Logansport, IN. “Cholera.” 8-16-1834, p. 2, col. 4.[20]
— 13 Oxford, by Aug 13. Watchman, Connersville, IN. “Cholera.” 8-29-1834, p. 2, col. 3.
— 10 Portsmouth. Canal Telegraph, Logansport, IN. “Cholera.” 8-16-1834, p. 2, col. 4.[21]
— 10 Richmond. Canal Telegraph, Logansport, IN. “Cholera.” 8-16-1834, p. 2, col. 4.[22]
— 27 Sandusky. Peeke, Hewson L. A Standard History of Erie County, Ohio (Vol. I). 1916.[23]
— 56 Zoar, Tuscarawas County, Aug 5-Sep 23.[24]
–~5 “ TimesReporter.com, OH. “Canal brought…boom, cholera to Valley.” 6-10-2012[25]
Pennsylvania ( 74)
–74 State. Blanchard tally from locality breakouts below.
–19 Beaver Co., by Aug 15. Gettysburg Star. “Cholera in Beaver Co. Pa.” 8-26-1834, 3.[26]
–45 Pittsburgh, by Aug 19. Duffy. The Impact of Asiatic Cholera on Pittsburgh…” 1964, 208.[27]
— ? Port Carbon. “…exhibited itself…” Vache. “A Brief Historical Sketch…” 1850, p. 49.
–10 Washington Co., 1 week. Republican Compiler, Gettysburg. “The Cholera.” 8-26-1834, 3.
— ? Williamsport. “…exhibited itself…” Vache. “A Brief Historical Sketch…” 1850, p. 49.
South Carolina ( ?)
? “….the Cholera was devastating many plantations in Georgia and S. Carolina.”[28]
Texas ( >94)
—>94 Texas-wide. Blanchard.[29]
— ? Austin. Cholera “appeared.” Vache. “A Brief Historical Sketch…” 1850, p. 50.
— 91 Goliad. Haile. “Cholera: The unstoppable scourge in early Texas.” Hays Free Press, 7-26-2017.[30]
— ? Labride? Cholera “appeared.” Vache. “A Brief Historical Sketch…” 1850, p. 50.
— ? Powers’ Colonies. Cholera “appeared.” Vache. “A Brief Historical Sketch…” 1850, p. 50.
— 3? San Antonio. Haile. “Cholera: The unstoppable scourge in early Texas.” Hays Free Press, 7-26-2017.[31]
Virginia ( 27)
–27 Statewide. Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.
— 2 Dinwiddie County. National Intelligencer, Washington, DC. 10-28-1834, 2, col. 2.
— ? Petersburg. Vache. “A Brief Historical Sketch…” 1850, p. 49.
— 1 Point Pleasant. Harper, Charles Ray. History of the Null Family, Putnam’s Past.
— 1 Richmond. History Engine. “The Elite South are Immune.”
–23 Petersburg. Savitt, Todd Lee. Medicine and Slavery. 1978, 1981, 2002, p. 230.
–3 “ Torch Light, Hagerstown, MD. “Cholera at Petersburg.” 11-13-1834, 1.
–1 “ October. Gen. William H. Brodnax, ~48. American Almanac for 1836, p. 298.
General:
McClellan: “In 1834, epidemic cholera again appeared in North America, and for the second time its advent was upon Grosse Isle, on the Saint Lawrence. Dr. Marsden records that, on the 4th day of July, 1834, the brig John, from Dublin, arrived at the quarantine-station with two hundred and sixteen emigrants on board, having lost a large number from cholera on the passage out. On the 6th day of July, the John arrived at the port of Quebec (having passed quarantine without opposition) and landed her passengers. The next day cases of cholera were reported in the city. Four days after the outbreak a public excursion was organized to visit the quarantine-station. The commander-in-chief and his staff, a large number of ladies and gentlemen, and a few strangers, with the band of the thirty-second regiment, participated. Dr. Marsden remarks: Quem Deus vult perdere prius dementat.[32] The disease spread rapidly from that time, and again advanced along the line of the Saint Lawrence.
“As a case strongly illustrating the infectiousness of cholera, Dr. Marsden relates the instance of three gentlemen who had gone to Lake Beauport, some twelve miles from Quebec, on a shooting party. As they returned to town they called at the house of a farmer to rest, and were shown into a room which, until the moment of their entering, was closed. While in his room the party drank some brandy and started to complete their walk to the city. Within two days two of these gentlemen were dead from cholera; the third had the disease, but recovered. It was subsequently ascertained that the wife of the farmer had died of cholera in the room occupied by these gentlemen, and that the room had not been entered since her dead body had been removed.
“It will be remembered that the town of Three Rivers, situated midway between Quebec and Montreal, had established a cordon de sante’ in 1832, and thus escaped the disease; but in 1834, influenced no doubt by the theory of non-contagion that had rapidly gained notoriety during the two preceding years, this precaution was not adopted, passengers from Quebec were permitted to laud, and a devastating pestilence ensued. Montreal was again infected from Quebec, and from that city the disease spread into Upper Canada and the United States.” (McClellan. “A History of the…Cholera…In North America.” 1875, p. p. 592.)
….
“New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland,[33] the District of Columbia, Virginia, Georgia, Florida, and Texas, upon the sea-coast; and Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi, in the interior became infected with the disease.
“It was admitted universally that Pensacola was infected with the disease after the arrival of the United States ship Falmouth with cases of cholera on board….” (McClellan. “A History of the…Cholera…In North America.” 1875, p. p. 593.)
Vache: “In 1834 it [cholera] again first visited Quebec and Montreal, and thence spread to the country parishes throughout the course of the St. Lawrence. It prevailed severely at La Chine, Kingston, Prescott, Ogdensburg, in this state [NY], opposite Prescott; at Toronto, and among the villages on the north side of Lake Ontario. The village of Galt, U.C., was nearly depopulated. It was very violent at Halifax, N.S., and extended to St. John.
“In the State of New York, it exhibited itself in the villages on the sough side of Lake Erie, at Buffalo, Rochester, Salina, Albany, Poughkeepsie, New York, Brooklyn, L.I., Staten Island, &c. The deaths in the city of New York were nine hundred and seventy one.
(Vache, Alexander F., M.D. “A Brief Historical Sketch of the Rise and Progress of Cholera, Etc., Etc., in a Letter Written to the Hon. C. D. Robinson, Chairman of the Standing Committee on Medical Societies and Colleges in the Senate of the State of New York.” 2-23-1850, in: Letters on Yellow Fever, Cholera, and Quarantine, Addressed to the Legislature of the State of New York: with Additions and Notes. NY: McSpedon & Baker, 1852.)
Aug 26: “The Cholera still continues in the city and various places in the State of New York; along the St, Lawrence river and the lakes, from Quebec to Detroit, and on the Ohio river…” (Republican Compiler, Gettysburg, PA. “The Cholera.” 8-26-1834, p. 3, col. 1-2.)
Illinois:
Schuyler Citizen, IL: “We now give the Deaths in Rushville for 1834:
July 4th: Mr. C. V. Putman, Mr. William McCreery, Miss Smith
July 5th: Mr. Ruel Redfield, child Redfield, Mrs. Weathers, Mr. James Haggerty
July 7th: Mrs. McCreery, Mr. Gay, Mr. McCreery
July 8th: child of Mr. Angel
July 9th: Mr. Ayers, child of Mr. George Henry
July 10th: child of Mr. Barkhousen, child of Mrs. Smith
July 11th: Mr. McCabe
July 12th: Mr. Sherwood
July 13th: Mrs. Dunlap
July 14th: a German lady, Mr. York, Mr. Willis, Mr. Campbell
July 17th: Mrs. Bowen, Mr. Barkhousen
July 26th: Rev. Mr. Jewel
July 30th: Madison Worthington
Sept. 1st: Major Upton
“This list of course does not include many that died in the country outside the corporation.” (Schuyler Citizen, IL. “The Cholera Year of Rushville.” No date provided.)
Maritime:
Nov 3: “The New Orleans Courier, of the 3d. inst. says ‘We understand that eight deaths from Cholera occurred on board steamer Champion, arrived this morning…viz. Mr. G. Tracy and R. Dearborn, captain of the boat, and 6 deck passengers’.” (National Intelligencer, DC. 11-21-1834, p. 3, col. 4.)
Maryland:
Nov 4-10: “The Baltimore Board of Health report 29 deaths of Cholera, in the city, in the week ending on Monday morning the 10th inst.” (Republican Compiler, Gettysburg, PA. 11-18-1834, 3.)
Nov 26 paper: “Thirty-five deaths by Cholera occurred in Baltimore last week, The Baltimore Patriot says….” (Lycoming Chronicle, Williamsport, PA. “Cholera in Baltimore.” 11-26-1834, 3.)
Nov 25: “Baltimore, Nov. 25. The Board of Health report but four deaths by Cholera during the past week. For some days past not a single case has been heard of, and the general health of the city was never better than at the present period.” (National Intelligencer, DC. “Health of Baltimore.” 11-27-1834, p. 3.)
Michigan:
Aug 1-11: “CHOLERA.—From the 1st to the 11th of August, inclusive, there were 52 deaths by Cholera in the city of Detroit.” (Connersville Watchman, IN. “Cholera.” 9-12-1834, p. 2.)
New York, Albany:
Reynolds:
Aug 11, 1834: Cholera breaks out, starting epidemic.
Aug 12: Fifteen cases and 3 deaths from cholera.
Aug 18: Fourteen new cases and 9 deaths in past three days,
Aug 19: Five new cases and one death.
Aug 20: Seven new cases of cholera and six deaths.
Sep 16: Epidemic ceases; cholera hospital closed. (Reynolds. Albany Chronicles. 1906, 511.)
Buffalo:
History of Buffalo: “Cholera struck again in 1834, this time causing such a serious loss of business on the canal that tolls were reduced by nearly half the increase of 1833. Buffalo was hard hit, and people who could, fled the city of nearly 15,000. Farmers from Tonawanda and other surrounding towns often refused to transport produce to the city, fearing contact with the dread disease. Stores closed and food was scarce in many of the state’s cities.
“Though we have no records to prove it, it is likely there were cholera victims in the homes along Tonawanda’ s portion of the Erie Canal since it was low and swampy between the canal and the river and travelers from all over the state passed through it daily.” (History of Buffalo. “Cholera Epidemics in Buffalo, NY.”)
Poughkeepsie:
Aug 12: “In Poughkeepsie, N.Y. there were seventeen deaths by cholera, during the five days ending on the 12th ultimo. Of these five were in one family. The Eagle gives the following particulars. The first person who was seized with the disease was a Mrs. Greenough. She had been worn down by watching and nursing a sick daughter, a young woman who had come from New York in a feeble state of health. The family was respectable, though poor. Mr. Greenough being a member of the Baptist church, in the village. Her attack was very violent, and in a few hours she was a corpse. Her husband, a man somewhat intemperate, was next seized, and soon carried off. A son, a young man learning a trade who went home to assist his parents, but who was considerably alarmed and refused to take nourishment, was the next victim. The family were then removed from the house; after which the illness of the sick young woman, which had been a fever, run into cholera, and soon proved fatal. Before her death, a sister, a child of about six years, was attacked, and died soon after. Thus, of a family of seven, but two are left, a young man and young woman.
“A young woman who came home from New York, was engaged to be married to a young man of that city, on the 9th ult. And he came for that purpose, but instead of the marriage ceremony he was called upon and joined in the funeral rites of his betrothed.” (Adams Sentinel and General Advertiser, Gettysburg, PA. “Awful Mortality.” 9-1-1834, p. 4, col. 1.)
North Carolina:
Oct 30 paper: “At Washington, N.C. the cholera appeared suddenly, and with great might, but its progress was arrested by the commence of frost. Ten persons were carried off by it… Balt. American.” (Washington Globe, DC. 10-30-1834, p. 1, col. 7.)
Ohio:
TimesReporter.com: “The Ohio and Erie Canal brought prosperity to the Tuscarawas Valley in the 19th century, but in the 1830s, it also brought death….[1832 info.] The disease returned to Dover in 1834 with renewed fury. It also killed many residents of Zoar that year, but never reached New Philadelphia.
“A canal boat carrying people sick with cholera arrived in Dover, but residents would not let the passengers get off the boat. It tied up near where Sugar Creek empties into the Tuscarawas River. Dr. Felix McMeal, a Dover physician, went on board and gave the passengers medicine and provisions. One passenger died during the night, but Dover officials wouldn’t allow the body to buried in the cemetery. So a hole was dug in the ground near Sugar Creek, and he was buried there.
“The epidemic next claimed the life of a wheat buyer from Cleveland who was staying at the Shane House. He was followed by an apprentice of M.M. Burchfield, a tailor who lived at the corner of Second and Walnut streets. The apprentice, who died an agonizing death, was buried Aug. 15, 1834. The next victim was a shoemaker who lived on Wooster Avenue.
“W.W. Scott’s father, Samuel, was a canal boat captain, and he told of the time in 1834 that he carried a load of coal from New Castle, located south of New Philadelphia, to Cleveland. Towns all along the canal were deserted, because residents had fled to the hills. In Cleveland, there were funerals in all directions. His steersman, Daniel Brown, decided to quit before they reached Navarre because he felt that something was wrong at home. When Brown got back to Dover, he found his wife had cholera. She died a few hours later….
“Cholera never returned to Dover after 1834.” (TimesReporter.com, OH. “Local history: Canal brought financial boom, cholera to Valley.” 6-10-2012.)
Virginia:
Nov 13 paper: “Cholera, at Petersburg, Va. – The Petersburg Board of Health reported on Saturday last, 37 new cases of Cholera, and 3 deaths, since their report of Wednesday…” (Torch Light, Hagerstown, MD. “Cholera at Petersburg.” 11-13-1834, p. 1.)
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Adams Sentinel and General Advertiser, Gettysburg, PA. “Health of Cincinnati.” 8-18-1834, p. 5. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=2865543&sterm=cholera
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Haile, Bartee. “Cholera: The unstoppable scourge in early Texas.” Hays Free Press, Kyle, TX, 7-26-2017. Accessed 10-27-2019 at: https://haysfreepress.com/2017/07/26/cholera-the-unstoppable-scourge-in-early-texas/
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Peeke, Hewson L. A Standard History of Erie County, Ohio (Vol. I), Chapter XIV. “The Three Cholera Years.” Chicago and NY: Lewis Publishing Co., 1916. Accessed 12-6-2012 at: http://www.ohiogenealogyexpress.com/erie/erieco_hist1916chpt_xiv_cholera.html
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[1] Writes: “Two years afterward [had just discusses 1832 outbreaks] it raged in the Savannah neighborhood. On Mr. Wightman’s plantation, ten miles above the city, there were in the first week of September fifty-three cases and eighteen deaths. The overseer than checked the spread by isolating the afflicted ones in the church, the barn and the mill. The neighboring planters awaited only the first appearance of the disease on their places to abandon their crops and hurry their slaves to lodges in the wilderness.” (pp. 300-301) Cites Federal Union, Milledgeville, Ga.), Sept. 14 and 17 and Oct. 22, 1834. Another source notes that “the Cholera was devastating many plantations in Georgia and S. Carolina.” (Georgia Constitution, Augusta. 12-6-1834, p. 1, col. 3, top.)
[2] “On the 26th of June the disease appeared in Boston, in this county, having been imported from Cincinnati, where the disease had been for sometime raging with great violence. The town at that time contained about 120 inhabitants. The disease spread rapidly throughout the town and neighborhood. The first death occurred on June 27; from this date until Aug. 3 deaths occurred nearly every day. The largest number was on June 30; on this day nine died. Three died on the 16th of July, four on the 19th, five on the 20th, three on the 29th, and two on the ed of August, the total number of deaths in Boston and the immediate vicinity being fifty-three.”
[3] Inter-State Publishing. History of Wayne County, Indiana (V1). 1884, p. 589.
[4] “The county [Wayne] has several times been visited by this dreadful disease, the first visitation being in 1833… [notes Richmond specifically]. In 1834 it re-appeared on the 1st of August, and continued three or four weeks, but caused a much smaller number of deaths than in the previous year.” We speculate that there must have been several deaths, which we “translate” into “about 3” for the purpose of contributing to a tally.
[5] “The steamboat Chicago arrived in its namesake city in August, 1834. Chicago’s captain reported that two sailors had recently died of cholera. The small town was up in arms because residents had gone fourteen days without a reported case of cholera. Edmund Stoughton Kimberly reported on the organization of a commission to protect Chicagoans from the disease.”
[6] Cites the Detroit Journal of the 15th, which “gives the official record in interments…”
[7] From table, bottom of page, on cholera cases and deaths in 1832, 1834 and 1849.
[8] 24 hour reporting period – noon Aug 22 to noon Aug 23.
[9] Chart entitled “The Conquest of Pestilence in New York City…As Shown by the Death Rate as Recorded in the Official Records of the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene,” cover page of: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Summary of Vital Statistics 2009 The City of New York. December 2010.
[10] Cites: Dr. A. Clark, Lecture on Cholera.
[11] Notes this number applied to the city of New York. Notes additionally, “it exhibited itself in…Brooklyn, L.I., Staten Island, &c.”
[12] Given that this is a round number somewhat higher than that reported by the NYC Dept. of Health in 2010, we assume this is a rounding up and use instead the 2010 number of 971.
[13] The reports for Aug 23-24 are each for 24-hour reporting periods ending at noon. Mondays usually are higher than weekend days in that delayed reports over the weekend are counted on Monday.
[14] 24-hour reporting period noon of 26th to noon of 27th.
[15] These were of a group of five Swiss Emigrants who had just arrived on a train from Albany.
[16] Cites the New York Commercial Advertiser.
[17] “The Cincinnati Gazette of the 31st ult. States that the number of interments in that city during the week ending the day previous was eighty-six, exclusive of those in the Episcopal burying ground, which had not been reported. Thirty deaths, out of the 86, were reported as occasioned by Cholera.”
[18] “…in the aftermath of a cholera epidemic that attacked the town, the Whig on 9 September 1834 said, ‘The class of persons among which the disease principally raged’ was indicated by the fact that ‘of about one hundred victims…fifty-five were buried at the expense of the town.’”
[19] Article notes that this is the Fulton “adjoining Cincinnati.” Article states that these 29 deaths were between the “4th and 17th insts.” “Inst.” means same month, but in that the article is dated Aug 17, I assume reference is to July.
[20] On the Ohio River.
[21] On the Ohio River.
[22] A few miles west of the Ohio River, a primary conveyance of the disease, through travel up and down the river.
[23] Chicago and NY: Lewis Publishing Co. From Chapter XIV, “The Three Cholera Years.”
[24] Hutslar, Donald A. “‘God’s Scourge’: The Cholera Years in Ohio.” Ohio History Journal, Vol. 105, 1996, pp. 174-191. Hutslar writes “During the summer of 1834 a boat on the Ohio Canal stopped at Zoar with one sick passenger, Mr. Allen Wallace…He died…A few days later a woman claiming to be his wife arrived to retrieve some money and papers Wallace was carrying. Wallace was disinterred nad the items were recovered from his clothing. That night cholera broke out in the village.”
[25] The article states that “many” died at Zoar. We translate “many” into approximately 5 for estimating purposes.
[26] Cites Beaver Argus; notes 26 cases and 19 deaths. Full title of paper is Gettysburg Star & Republican Banner.
[27] “The following summer [1834] Asiatic cholera once again returned to western Pennsylvania. The first cases appeared in Pittsburgh late in May of 1834, and the disease lingered in the city until September. After two relatively mild epidemics, Pittsburgh was well conditioned to the disease, and on the whole the presence of cholera was accepted quite calmly. On July 15 one of the local newspapers mentioned that, although several cases of cholera had terminated fatally, the health of the city was good. A week later the same journal reported that cholera was still present but that it was not expected to become epidemic.[Cites Allegheny Democrat, July 15, 22, 1834, in collections published by United States Works Progress Administration, xvi, 365.] On August 19, Dr. J. R. M’Clintock, the Health Physician, officially placed the deaths attributable to cholera during the preceding seventy days at forty-five, but he declared that the disease had not become epidemic.. Almost every fatal case, he said, had originated ‘in the vicinity of pools of water, rendered putrid by the decomposition of animal and vegetable substances, or in close, damp, and filthy hovels.’ This information, he added, ‘should quite every alarm existing among the temperate and cleanly — and particularly those who reside free of the foul miasma generated in the eastern part of the city.’….The number of cases was already dwindling as August drew to a close and on the 27th The Daily Pittsburgh Gazette announced that it would discontinue its weekly reports on cholera in view of the improvement in the city’s health.”(pp. 208-209.)
[28] Georgia Constitution, Augusta. 12-6-1834, p. 1, col. 3, top.
[29] We have no number for all of Texas, only that 91 died in Goliad and that some died in San Antonio. We make assumption that there probably were other deaths, particularly stemming from those who fled Goliad.
[30] Haile, writing of the outbreaks in 1834, notes: “Upon learning Goliad had fallen prey to the pestilence, San Antonio authorities frantically prepared for the imminent invasion.”
[31] “Cholera again reared its deadly head in San Antonio on July 30, 1834 causing the panic-stricken populace to flee for their lives as the second outbreak in as many years turned Texas’ largest settlement into a ghost town [for three weeks].” Haile does not note the death toll — only that “far fewer lives were lost” than in nearby Goliad, where 91 died. For the purpose of contributing to a tally we assume that at least several people died, and translate “several” into three.
[32] Those whom the gods would destroy, they first make mad.
[33] Especially Baltimore. See: Adams Sentinel, Gettysburg, PA. 12-1-1834, p. 2.