1848 — Dec, Cholera, New Orleans, also MS Riv., Paducah KY, NYC, Port Lavaca TX– 1,159

–2,500  McCollom. “Observations on Cholera.” Boston Med Surg Jour, V127, 9-22-1892, 284[1]

–1,159  Blanchard tally from State and Riverine breakouts.

 

Summary of State and Maritime Breakouts Below

 

Alabama        (    1)   Late December          Mobile

Illinois            (    ?)   Cases reported.         Chicago

Kentucky       (  20)   December                   Paducah

Louisiana       (924)   Oct 1848-Dec 1848    New Orleans

Missouri         (    ?)   Cases reported.         St. Louis

New York       ( ~50)  Late December          New York City

Ohio               (     3)  December                   Cincinnati

Tennessee       (     ?)  Cases reported Dec.  Memphis                   

Texas              ( 127)  Dec 20-Jan 2              Port Lavaca

Maritime       (   34)  December                   Mississippi/Ohio Rivers, Coastal out of NOLA

 

Breakout of 1848 Cholera Fatalities by State and Locality (and Maritime)

 

Alabama        (    1)

–1  Mobile. Corrector Supplement, Sag-Harbor, NY. “The Cholera at Mobile.” 12-30-1848, p. 5.

 

Illinois            (    ?)                                                   Chicago

–?  Chicago. Reported there. McCollom. “Observations on Cholera.” 9-22-1892, pp. 284-286.

 

Kentucky       (  20)   December                               Paducah

–20  Paducah. Reportedly “raging.” Evansville Daily Journal, IN. 12-30-1848, p. 2., col. 1.

—  ?  Lexington. Cases reported. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, NY. “Cholera.” 12-29-1848, p. 3, col. 1.

 

Louisiana       (924)   Oct 1848-Dec 1848    New Orleans

—       ?  Lafayette. Cases reported in December.[2]

–3,600  New Orleans (Oct 1848-Aug 1849). Barton The Cause…at New Orleans. 1857, p. 101.[3]

–1,616          “            Peters. “General History of the Disease…to 1885,” in Wendt, 1885, p. 30.[4]

—   924  Barton, Edward H., The Cause and Prevention of Yellow Fever at New Orleans. 1857.

—   924  Sanitary Com. of New Orleans. Report of the Sanitary Commission… 1854, p. 465.

—    >9  Dec 13-17. New York Herald. “The Cholera in New Orleans.” 12-28-1848, p. 4.[5]

—      5  Dec 16. The Compiler, Gettysburg, PA. “Cholera in New Orleans.” 12-25-1848, p.3

—      7  Dec 16. Corrector Supplement, Sag-Harbor, NY. 12-30-1848, p. 5, col. 3.[6]

–~100  Dec 19-25. Fort Wayne Sentinel, IN. “Cholera.” 1-6-1849, p. 10.

–~400  Dec 22-25. Georgia Telegraph, Macon. “The Cholera.” 1-2-1849, p. 3.[7]

—  150  Dec 27. Georgia Telegraph, Macon. “The Cholera.” 1-2-1849, p. 3.

—    45  Dec 27. Georgian, Savannah. “The Cholera in New-Orleans.” 12-29-1848, p. 4.

—    43  Dec 28. Georgian, Savannah. “The Cholera in New-Orleans.” 12-29-1848, p. 4.

 

 

Missouri         (    ?)                                                   St. Louis

–?  St. Louis. Reported there. McCollom. “Observations on Cholera.” 9-22-1892, pp. 284-286.[8]

 

New York       ( ~50)              Late December          New York City

–~50  NYC. Vache. “A Brief…Sketch of the Rise and Progress of Cholera…” 1850, pp. 50-51.

–31  Dec 12-19. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, NY. “Cholera,” 12-29-1848, p. 4.

—  1  Dec 21, Staten Island. Sandusky Clarion, OH. “The Cholera,” 1-1-1849, p. 3.

—  3  Dec 22. Corrector Supplement, Sag-Harbor, NY. 12-30-1848, p. 5, col. 2.

—  1  Dec 23. Corrector Supplement, Sag-Harbor, NY. 12-30-1848, p. 5, col. 2.

—  1  Dec 24. Corrector Supplement, Sag-Harbor, NY. 12-30-1848, p. 5, col. 2.

—  1  Dec 27.  Marine Hospital nurse. Brooklyn Daily Eagle. “Cholera.” 12-29-1848, p. 3.

—  1  Dec 28. Corrector Supplement, Sag-Harbor, NY. 12-30-1848, p. 5, col. 2.

—  2  Dec 29. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, NY. “Cholera,” 12-30-1848, p. 4.

 

Ohio               (      3)

–3  Cincinnati. The Compiler, Gettysburg, PA. “Cholera in the West.” 1-8-1949, p. 4.[9]

–2       “  Daily Journal, Evansville, IN. “The Cholera Reported at Cincinnati,” 12-30-1848, p.2.[10]

 

Tennessee       (      ?)

–?  Memphis. Cases reported. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, NY. “Cholera.” 12-29-1848, p. 3, col. 1.

 

Texas              (   127)            Dec 20-Jan 2              Port Lavaca

–127  Port Lavaca, Dec 20-Jan 2. Placer Times, CA. “Death,” 12-1-1849, p. 1, col. 1.[11]

 

Maritime       (    34)

—  2  Pike No. 8 (steamer?). Daily Democrat, Albany, NY. 1-1-1849, p. 2.

—  5  Steamer Fashion. Out of New Orleans, up the Mississippi.[12]

—  6  Steamer Mohawk. New Orleans to Louisville. Daily Democrat, Albany NY. 1-1-1849, p. 2.

—  1  Streamer Montgomery. Jesse J. Jordon 2 hours before making port in Montgomery, GA.[13]

–14  Steamer Potomac [?],[14] by Dec 28. Sandusky Clarion. “Telegraphic Dispatches.” 1-7-1849, 3.

—  1  Steamer Saladin. Daily Democrat, Albany, NY. 1-1-1849, p. 2.

—  3  Steamer St. Cloud, late Dec. Sandusky Clarion, OH. “Telegraphic Dispatches.” 1-7-1849, 3

—  2  Unnamed boats, by Dec 30, stopping at Memphis from New Orleans.

 

Narrative Information

 

McCollom:  “….The next epidemic [after 1832] occurred in 1848 and 1849….the Swanton, which left Havre on October 31, 1848, bound for new Orleans. Cholera appeared after she was twenty-seven days at sea. The arrival of the cholera cases on the Swanton was the source of an epidemic that cost New Orleans 2,500 lives. This epidemic of 1848 at New Orleans extended to St. Louis and Chicago.”  (McCollom, Dr. J. H. “Observations on Cholera.” Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, Vol. 127, 9-22-1892, pp. 284-286.)

 

Peters: “In 1848 there were no less than 1,616 deaths from cholera in New Orleans; in 1849, 3,176….”  (Peters, John C.  “General History of the Disease and the Principal Epidemics up to 1885,” Section I in Wendt, Edmund Charles (Ed.). A Treatise on Asiatic Cholera. 1885.)

 

Vache: “With the cholera of 1848 and of 1849, every person is familiar….On that occasion, the first introduction of the malady was into the port of New York, at the quarantine ground, Staten Island, by the packet ship New York. She sailed from Havre, then healthy, on the 9th of November, with three hundred and eighty-five French and German steerage passengers, twenty-one cabin, and a crew of thirty men. According to the statement of the commander, Captain Lines, all hand remained well until the sixteenth day, lat. 42°, long. 61°, Sable Island bearing about one hundred and forty miles, S.S.W., when, after a general overhauling of chests for warm clothing, in consequence of the coldness of the weather, the first cases occurred. At the date of arrival, Friday night, December 1st, seven of the between-deck passengers had been uried at sea; and on the 2d and 3d, eleven were landed sick at the lazaretto, and put in the hospitals on the hill. Seven of them died, and the remainder, in apparent health, were ordered on shore, and were lodged in the ‘Public Stores,’ belonging to the United States. From those buildings the disease spread to the hospitals, and prevailed in both until the 28th of the month. In that time, upwards of one hundred were attacked. The mortality was about one. Half. It was alleged, and probably with truth, that several of the passengers were indirectly from Bremen, where cholera prevailed.” (Vache. “A Brief Historical Sketch of the Rise and Progress of Cholera…” 1850, pp. 50-51.)

 

Newspapers

 

Dec 16, New Orleans: “The Cholera has broken out in New Orleans. There were five deaths from the disease  on the 16th inst., all dying in the course of a few hours after they were first taken. The physicians had the subject in consideration. Some of them were undecided as to the precise nature of the disease, while others had no hesitancy in pronouncing it the real Asiatic cholera.” (The Compiler, Gettysburg, PA. “Cholera in New Orleans.” 12-25-1848, p. 3.)

 

Dec 17: “New Orleans, Dec. 27, 1848. The city is in a great state of ferment and excitement at present, caused by the appearance of a disorder which is pronounced by many physicians to be the real Asiatic cholera. Many maintain, however, that it is not that disorder, but an aggravated type of cholera morbus, the symptoms of which are almost identical with cholera asphyxia. The first case made its appearance on Wednesday [13th], since which time there have been about eighteen cases in the Charity Hospital, nearly half of which have resulted fatally. In private practice there have been, perhaps, some thirty or forty cases in all parts of the city, several of which have terminated in death. The Board of Health of the city have held two or three meetings; but have not proclaimed the actual existence of the malady, as yet, trusting that a change of weather to a colder temperature would allay the disorder. Several of the members are convinced that the disease which has spontaneously sprung up, as it were, is the cholera, and will, I understand, make a report to that effect tomorrow, although they have no idea that it will prove of an epidemic character. Should it do so, however, it will prove a severe one, as the weather for more than a week has been wet, warm, and muggy, while the streets and sidewalks are covered with a mass of mud and filth, sending forth miasmatic and unhealthy odors, rendering the atmosphere extremely impure, and having a natural tendency to produce disorders of the stomach and bowels. Much alarm has been excited, and although the Board of Health, and the majority of the press, are striving to allay it and quiet the fears of the timid, many strangers are leaving the city. From the St. Charles Hotel alone, to-day, there were about seventy departures, and the steamboats for Mobile and the river cities and towns are filled with passengers. Should this dreadful scourge increase much, within a few days the city will be nearly s deserted as in the summer season. The same disorder made such fearful ravages in 1832 here, that it is not wonder much apprehension is excited. Every body is talking of the cholera, and the apothecaries have as much as they can attend to in preparing specifics and putting up a thousand and one different recipes–‘certain cures,’ and ‘undoubted remedies.’ The bar-rooms have been filled for the last two days, and inordinate quantities of brandy–said to be a preventive–consumed. I have seen more persons intoxicated last night and this evening than I have seen before in six months. Every one is praying that it may be a cold day to-morrow, and I do not think the coldest blooded Creole in the city would complain if the mercury stood below zero for the next ten days. The reported appearance of the disorder in New York has tended in a great degree to increase the alarm here.

 

“Many people will now suddenly decide upon going to California, and if the steamship Falcon, which sails to-morrow, had twice the accommodations she possesses, they would be all filled up before she sails. Every berth is taken in her, and every spare inch of room, eagerly sought after by the gold hunters, and there’s not room enough left aboard ‘to swing a at in.’…” (New York Herald. “The Cholera in New Orleans.” 12-28-1848, p. 4.)

 

Dec 19-27, New Orleans: “The cholera is raging with fearful violence in New Orleans. It is reported that upwards of one hundred persons had died of the scourge during the week ending 25th December.  By last night’s mail we have accounts to the 27th.  The epidemic was increasing.  Seventy new cases were reported on the 26th.” (Fort Wayne Sentinel, IN. “Cholera.” 1-6-1849, 10.)

 

Dec 20: “The cholera is increasing in New Orleans rapidly. There have been so far, many deaths, and new cases multiply daily.” (Corrector Supplement, Sag-Harbor, NY. 12-30-1848, p. 5, c. 3.)

 

Dec 21, New Orleans: “Memphis, Tennessee, Dec. 21, 1848.  The Cholera is certainly in New Orleans. Four deaths among the citizens are authentically reported; among them is included the foreman of the Picayune. Many citizens are leaving. Boats touched here last night, having cholera cases and deaths on board.”  (Zanesville Courier, OH. “Progress of the Cholera.” 12-26-1848, p. 3.)

 

Dec 23, New Orleans: “79 new cases of cholera have occurred at the charity hospital since the 20th inst. and new ones are hourly brought in. Three merchants have died of it in the city. The community has been greatly excited in consequence of the board of health having emphatically proclaimed that the disease is epidemic in its character…There have been three cases of cholera at Lafayette.” (Corrector Supplement, Sag-Harbor, NY. “Ravages of the Cholera in New Orleans.” 12-30-1848, p. 5, col. 3).

 

Dec 25, New Orleans: “A telegraphic dispatch from New Orleans, via Louisville, states that on the 25th inst., one hundred new cases of Cholera were reported in that city. Number of deaths not stated.” (Brooklyn Daily Eagle, NY. “Alarming,” 12-30-1848, p. 4.)

 

Dec 28, New Orleans: “A dispatch just received from Louisville, dated 28th, says that the steamer Potomac [unclear] arrived from New Orleans this morning and reports that the cholera is very bad there.  Fourteen of the steamer’s deck passengers died with it coming up. The St. Cloud had been compelled to stop on her way up, being unable to proceed. The captain, mate and pilot had died with the cholera and all the crew had deserted.  Boats are unable to proceed….”  (Sandusky Clarion, OH. “Telegraphic Dispatches.” 1-7-1849, 3.)

 

Dec 29, Cincinnati: “We copy the following from the Cincinnati Atlas of Friday [29th]:

 

The cholera panic, which has kept up such a hubbub through the city far a day or two past, has had one good effect at least. It has awakened the city council to action, and caused them to take such measures as, when carried out, will put the city in a state of preparation for it when it does come.” (Daily Banner, Madison, IN. 1-1-1849, p. 2.)

 

Dec 30, Evansville: “Almost every boat from New Orleans that passes this city [Evansville, on Ohio river] is reported to have cases of Cholera on board.” (Daily Journal, Evansville, IN. 12-30-1848, p. 2.)

 

Dec 30, New Orleans: “We learn by a letter received from New-Orleans last night that the Cholera has virtually put a stop to all business there. A gentleman who has just come from thence says–what is too apparent–that the disease has been engendered there by the July sun of the present month beaming down upon the dirtiest streets in the world, made more dirty, than usual by the quantity of rain that has fallen.” (Republican, Savannah, GA. “The Cholera In New-Orleans.” 12-30-1848, p. 4, col. 2.)

 

Dec 30, St. Louis: “It is reported that there are many cases of Asiatic cholera in St. Louis. We doubt it.” (Wisconsin Herald, Lancaster. “Cholera,” 12-30-1848, p. 3, col. 2.)

 

Jan 8, 1849: “The accounts from New Orleans are of the most alarming character, as regards the Cholera — and there was a complete panic – thousands deserting the city, and business at a stand. Deaths were occurring at the rate of 100 on some days, and a dispatch of Tuesday says that the deaths in the preceding 48 hours had been 166. All the steamers on the Mississippi had more or less cases on board; one of them had 52 cases, and 15 deaths, on her passage to Louisville….The disease is very malignant, and carries off its victims in from 1 to 8 hours.”  (Adams Sentinel, Gettysburg, PA. “The Cholera.” 1-8-1849, p. 4.)

 

Jan 8, 1849:  “Deaths in Cincinnati. – There have been several cases of cholera and a few deaths in Cincinnati within the last few days.  At present there are no boats at the landing.  All the boats that came up from New Orleans during the past few days had cholera on board.  A number of deaths have taken place on the upward bound boats.  A dispatch to the Patriot from Cincinnati states that there were six deaths reported from cholera in that city on Tuesday and several new cases.”  (The Compiler, Gettysburg, PA. “Cholera in the West.” 1-8-1949, p. 4.)

 

Sources

 

Adams Sentinel, Gettysburg, PA. “The Cholera.” 1-8-1849, p. 4. At:

http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=3105980&sterm=cholera+orleans

 

Barton, Edward H., MD. The Cause and Prevention of Yellow Fever at New Orleans and other Cities in America (Third Edition, with a Supplement). New York: H. Bailliere; London and Paris, 1857. Google preview accessed 3-14-2018 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=yEJZDrCO-ZkC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

 

Brooklyn Daily Eagle, NY. “Alarming,” 12-30-1848, p. 4. Accessed 11-2-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/brooklyn-daily-eagle-and-kings-county-democrat-dec-30-1848-p-4/

 

Brooklyn Daily Eagle, NY. “Cholera.” 12-29-1848, p. 3. Accessed 11-2-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/brooklyn-daily-eagle-and-kings-county-democrat-dec-29-1848-p-3/

 

Brooklyn Daily Eagle, NY. “Cholera,” 12-29-1848, p. 4. Accessed 11-2-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/brooklyn-daily-eagle-and-kings-county-democrat-dec-29-1848-p-4/

 

Brooklyn Daily Eagle, NY. “Cholera,” 12-30-1848, p. 4. Accessed 11-2-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/brooklyn-daily-eagle-and-kings-county-democrat-dec-30-1848-p-4/

 

Cooperman, Jeannette. “Take Care, and Don’t Take the Cholera.” St. Louis Magazine, 6-25-2010. Accessed 11-2-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/brooklyn-daily-eagle-and-kings-county-democrat-dec-30-1848-p-4/

 

Corrector Supplement, Sag-Harbor, NY. 12-30-1848, p. 5, col. 2. Accessed 11-2-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/sag-harbor-corrector-dec-30-1848-p-5/

 

Corrector Supplement, Sag-Harbor, NY. “Memphis.” 12-30-1848, p. 5, col. 3. Accessed 11-2-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/sag-harbor-corrector-dec-30-1848-p-5/

 

Corrector Supplement, Sag-Harbor, NY. “Ravages of the Cholera in New Orleans.” 12-30-1848, p. 5, c. 3.  Accessed 11-2-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/sag-harbor-corrector-dec-30-1848-p-5/

 

Corrector Supplement, Sag-Harbor, NY. “The Cholera at Mobile.” 12-30-1848, p. 5, c. 3.  Accessed 11-2-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/sag-harbor-corrector-dec-30-1848-p-5/

 

Daily Banner, Madison, IN. 1-1-1849, p. 2. Accessed 11-2-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/madison-daily-banner-jan-01-1849-p-2/

 

Daily Democrat, Albany, NY. 1-1-1849, p. 2. Accessed 11-2-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/daily-new-albany-democrat-jan-01-1849-p-2/

 

Daily Journal, Evansville, IN. 12-30-1848, p. 2. Accessed 11-2-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/evansville-daily-journal-dec-30-1848-p-2/

 

Daily Journal, Evansville, IN. 12-30-1848, p. 2., col. 1. Accessed 11-2-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/evansville-daily-journal-dec-30-1848-p-2/

 

Daily Journal, Evansville, IN. “The Cholera Reported at Cincinnati,” 12-30-1848, p. 2. Accessed 11-2-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/evansville-daily-journal-dec-30-1848-p-2/

 

Fort Wayne Sentinel, IN. “Cholera.” 1-6-1849, p. 10. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=41198526&sterm

 

Georgia Telegraph, Macon. “The Cholera.” 1-2-1849, p. 3. Accessed 11-2-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/macon-georgia-telegraph-jan-02-1849-p-3/

 

Georgian, Savannah. “The Cholera in New-Orleans.” 12-29-1848, p. 4. Accessed 11-2-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/savannah-georgian-dec-29-1848-p-4/

 

Madison Daily Banner, IN. “Deaths by and Progress of the Cholera,” 1-1-1849, p. 2. Accessed 11-2-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/madison-daily-banner-jan-01-1849-p-2/

 

McCollom, Dr. J. H. “Observations on Cholera.” Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, Vol. 127, 9-22-1892, pp. 284-286. Preview accessible at: http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJM189209221271203

 

Montgomery Gazette, GA, “Death From Cholera.” 12-27-1848; reprinted in Augusta Daily Constitutionalist, GA, 12, 31-1848, p. 6. Accessed 11-2-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/augusta-daily-constitutionalist-dec-31-1848-p-6/

 

New York Herald. “The Cholera in New Orleans.” 12-28-1848, p. 4. Accessed 11-2-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/new-york-herald-dec-28-1848-p-4/

 

Peters, John C. “General History of the Disease and the Principal Epidemics up to 1885,” Section I in Wendt, Edmund Charles (Ed.). A Treatise on Asiatic Cholera. NY: William Wood and Co., 1885. Digitized by Google at:  http://books.google.com/books?id=bk4gp1QXHM4C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=&f=false

 

Placer Times, CA. “Death,” 12-1-1849, p. 1, col. 1. Accessed 11-2-2019 at: https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=PT18491201.2.2&srpos=0&e=——-de-logical-20–1—txIN–all——1

 

Republican, Savannah, GA. “The Cholera In New-Orleans.” 12-30-1848, p. 4, col. 2. Accessed 11-2-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/savannah-daily-republican-dec-30-1848-p-4/

 

Sandusky Clarion, OH. “Telegraphic Dispatches.” 1-7-1849, p. 3. At: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=9913988&sterm=cholera+orleans+chicago+louis

 

Sandusky Clarion, OH. “The Cholera,” 1-1-1849, p. 3. Accessed 11-2-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/sandusky-clarion-jan-01-1849-p-3/

 

Sanitary Commission of New Orleans. Report of the Sanitary Commission to His Honor J. L. Lewis, Mayor of the City of New Orleans. New Orleans: By Authority  of the City Council of New Orleans, 1854. Google preview accessed 3-5-2018 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=_EQJAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

 

The Compiler, Gettysburg, PA. “Cholera in New Orleans.” 12-25-1848, p. 3. Accessed at:

http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=2908534&sterm=cholera+orleans+chicago

 

The Compiler, Gettysburg, PA. “Cholera in the West.” 1-8-1949, p. 4. At:

http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=2908701&sterm=cholera+orleans

 

Vache, Alexander F., M.D. “A Brief Historical Sketch of the Rise and Progress of Cholera, Etc., Etc., in a Letter Written to the Hon. C. D. Robinson, Chairman of the Standing Committee on Medical Societies and Colleges in the Senate of the State of New York.” 2-23-1850, in: Letters on Yellow Fever, Cholera, and Quarantine, Addressed to the Legislature of the State of New York: with Additions and Notes. NY: McSpedon & Baker, 1852. Accessed 4-24-2015 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=44PeX7rlPCIC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

 

Wisconsin Herald, Lancaster. “Cholera,” 12-30-1848, p. 3, col. 2. Accessed 11-2-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/lancaster-wisconsin-herald-dec-30-1848-p-3/

 

Zanesville Courier, OH. “Progress of the Cholera.” 12-26-1848, p. 3. At: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=13909855&sterm

 

 

 

 

[1] Not used as high estimate.  Given that the epidemic did not start until early December, it is possible that even the Peters figure of 1,616 is a high number.  We are skeptical of 2,500 even taking into account fatalities elsewhere.

[2] Corrector Supplement, Sag-Harbor, NY. “Ravages of the Cholera in New Orleans.” 12-30-1848, p. 5, c. 3.

[3] Highlighted in yellow to denote we do not include in our tally. For illustrative purpose. Have separate document on cholera in 1849.

[4] Highlighted in yellow to denote we do not use. This number is quite higher than the 924 reported by the New Orleans Sanitary Commission. Perhaps yellow fever and cholera deaths were combined?

[5] This was just at Charity Hospital. “In private practice there have been, perhaps, some thirty or forty cases in all parts of the city, several of which have terminated in death.”

[6] This was just at Charity hospital, out of 12 new cases.

[7] “….The deaths by cholera in that city [New Orleans], for the four days preceding the 26th ult., averaged about one hundred daily.”

[8] “December, 1848: ‘The cholera’ returns with a vengeance…” (Cooperman, Jeannette. “Take Care, and Don’t Take the Cholera.” St. Louis Magazine, 6-25-2010.)

[9] Writes that there had been several deaths. For the purposes of contributing to a tally we convert several into three.

[10] “There has been two deaths at the Hospital [as of Dec 27], both resembling cholera, but the board of health report that it is not the Asiatic cholera.”

[11] “At and near Port Lavaca, Texas, from the 20th December, 1848, to the 2d January, 1849, of cholera, 127 non-commissioned officers, musicians and privates of the 8th regiment of infantry.”

[12] Daily Democrat, Albany, NY. 1-1-1849, p. 2.

[13] “Mr. Jordon, we learn, was returning home from a trip to the western country, and tarried in New Orleans on his passage through to this city.” (Montgomery Gazette, GA, “Death From Cholera.” 12-27-1848; reprinted in Augusta Daily Constitutionalist, GA, 12, 31-1848, p. 6.)

[14] Might have been the Peytona, which reached Louisville from New Orleans on Dec 29, having left with 400 passengers, 52 of whom came down with cholera, and fifteen died. (Madison Daily Banner, IN. “Deaths by and Progress of the Cholera,” 1-1-1849, p. 2; citing the Louisville Courier of Dec 30.)