~1K –4,381-4,736

lornajarrettblanchard January 1, 1852

–4,381-4,736 Blanchard tabulation basted on State data below.[1]

Summary of State Breakouts of Cholera Fatalities in 1852

California: ( 115) Especially Sacramento Especially Aug 29-Sep 25

Colorado-Nebraska ( ~24) Platte River area June

Florida: ( 21) Apalachicola

Georgia: ( 5) Columbus

Idaho ( ~96) Fort Boise and Fort Hall Areas

Illinois: (1,201-1,301) Esp. Peru (500-600), Chicago (630), LaSalle, May-Aug

Indiana ( ~179- ~181) Esp. Gibson County, Evansville, Aurora, Fort Wayne

Iowa ( 5) Council Bluffs

Kansas Territory ( 48) Esp. Atchison and troops headed for Fort Leavenworth

Kentucky ( >123) Especially Princeton and Maysville. Esp. July-October

Louisiana: (1,080-1,320) New Orleans

Mississippi ( >2)

Missouri: ( 980) Especially St. Louis (802)

Nebraska ( >50) Especially Fort Kearney area

New York: (1,322) Especially Buffalo (850) and Rochester (420)

Ohio: (>138 – 139) Especially Sandusky (68) and Dayton (40) July-Aug

Oregon ( >25)

Pennsylvania ( >21) Especially Chambersburg

Texas (>55 – 67) Especially Polk County

West Virginia ( 7) Wheeling

Wisconsin ( >10) Muskego area (Norwegian settlements)

Wyoming ( ~93) Especially Fort Laramie area

Plains ( 33) Waddington and Perry parties

Riverine/Maritime ( >70)

Totals: 4,381-4,736

Breakout of Cholera Fatalities 1852 by State and Locality:

California: ( 115) Especially Sacramento Especially Aug 29-Sep 25

–115 Blanchard tally from locality breakouts below.

Breakout of California cholera fatalities by locality (where we have found specific references):

–25 Barton’s Bar, Yuba Riv.[2] Zanesville Courier, OH. “Latest from California,” 10-13-1852, 3.

–18 “ Independent American, Platteville, WI. “Cholera…” 10-22-1852.[3]

–88 Sacramento, Aug 29-Sep 25. Logan. “Report of the Cholera at Sacramento in 1852.” p.496.

–45 First week

–26 Second week

–13 Third week

— 4 Fourth week

— 1 Sacramento, Oct 2. Mrs. Sarah E. Dexter, about 43.[4]

— 1 Local not noted. Newly arrived immigrant from east, Rhoda Ann Thurlo, ~32.[5]

Colorado to Nebraska (~24) Platte River area. June

–~24 Platte River area. Altonen. Asiatic Cholera and Dysentery…Oregon Trail… 2000, p. 107.[6]

Florida: ( 21) Apalachicola

— 21 Apalachicola. New York Daily Times. “The Prevalence of Cholera…,” 12-31-1852, p. 7.

Georgia: ( 5)

— 5 Columbus. Alton Telegraph, IL. Dec 31, 1852, p. 2, Col. 3.

Idaho ( ~96) Fort Boise and Fort Hall Areas

–~66 Fort Boise area. Altonen. Asiatic Cholera and Dysentery…Oregon Trail… 2000, p. 107.[7]

–~30 Fort Hall area. Altonen. Asiatic Cholera and Dysentery…Oregon Trail… 2000, p. 107.

–3 Oregon trail in Idaho. Tabitha Sanders, ~32, her husband and a son.[8]

Illinois: (1,201-1,301) Esp. Peru (500-600), Chicago (630) and LaSalle, May-August

–1,201-1,310 Blanchard tally from locality breakouts below.

Breakout of Illinois 1852 cholera deaths by locality (where we have located data):

— 4 Bloomington, July 18-21. Custer. “The Roll of the Dead…Asiatic Cholera…” 1929.

— 630 Chicago[9] McClellan. “A History of the…Cholera…America.” 1875, 634.[10]

— 1 Eureka, May 29. Custer. “The Roll of the Dead…Asiatic Cholera…” 1929.[11]

— ~60 LaSalle, LaSalle County. New York Times. “Cholera at Lasalle.” 6-1-1852, p. 1.[12]

–1 June 6. Mrs. Eliza A. Todd, 23. Ottawa Free Trader, IL. “Died,” 7-3-1852, p4.

— 1 Mosquito Grove, Aug 13. Custer. “The Roll of the Dead…Asiatic Cholera…” 1929.

–500-600 Peru. Sum. Peru Historical Cmte. Peru Illinois Centennial May 25-26, 1935. p. 10.[13]

— 5 Stout’s Grove, Aug 10-12. Custer. “The Roll of the Dead…Asiatic Cholera…” 1929.

Indiana (~179-~181) Especially Gibson County, Evansville, Aurora and Fort Wayne

— 19 Aurora, Dearborn County.

–4 July. Sutton. Report to IN Medical Society on Asiatic Cholera. 1853, p. 121.

–5 Sep. Sutton. Report to IN Medical Society on Asiatic Cholera. 1853, p. 121-122.

–8 Oct. Sutton. Report to IN Medical Society on Asiatic Cholera. 1853, p. 122.

–2 Nov. Sutton. Report to IN Medical Society on Asiatic Cholera. 1853, p. 122.

— ~50 Evansville, Vanderburgh Co. Prof. G.B. Walker in Ind. State Med. Soc. Proc., p. 157.

–13-15 Fort Wayne, Allen Co. Dr. B. S. Woodworth, Fort Wayne. Ind. Med. Soc. Proc., 138.[14]

— >80 Gibson County. Roy P. King. “Cholera Epidemics in Gibson County,” p. 271.[15]

— 3 Lawrenceburg area, Dearborn County.[16]

— ~3 Lawrenceburg & Indianapolis RR workers. Sutton 1853, p. 123.[17]

— 3 Manchester Township, Dearborn County. Sutton. 1853, p. 120.

— 2 New Albany, Floyd County. Dr. J. Sloan in Ind. State Med. Society Proceedings, p. 153.

— ~3 Ohio & Mississippi RR workers. Sutton. Rpt. to IN Med. Soc. on Cholera. 1853, p123.[18]

— 3 Salem, Washington Co. Dr. Samuel Reid. Ind. State Medical Society Proc., p. 153.

Iowa ( 5) Council Bluffs

— 5 Council Bluffs. Hartley. “Don’t Go Aboard the Saluda. Mormon Hist. Studies, 2003, 59.

Kansas Terr. ( 48) Especially Atchison and troops headed for Fort Leavenworth

–48 Blanchard tally from locality breakouts below.

–15 Atchison. Hartley. “Don’t Go Aboard the Saluda. Mormon Historical Studies, 2003, 59.

— 5 Baker’s Ford South Fork of Nemaha River.[19]

— 1 Big Blue River area. Isadore Robidoux, May 30.[20]

–14 Fort Leavenworth area. Recruits of Maj. Steen on way to Leavenworth.[21]

— 1 Four Mile Creek. Judson Castle of Licking County, OH, May 16.[22]

— 1 Hiawatha vicinity, May 10. Unidentified emigrant, 14 miles west of Cedar Creek campground.[23]

— 2 Little Nemaha (Clear) Creek. Thomas Speed and John McCalister, May 14; wagon train.[24]

— 7 Mission. Fowler family. Werner. “Emigrant Graves on the [OR]…[CA] Trails in Kansas.”

— 2 Elm Creek (North). Mrs. Dawson and Thomas? Bedford, May 15; from Perry wagon train.[25]

Kentucky ( >123) Especially Princeton and Maysville. Especially July-October

— 3 Athens, Fayette County, by July 27. Danville Tribune, KY. “Cholera.” 7-30-1852, p. 3.

–13 Bardstown, Nelson County. Lebanon Post, KY, “Cholera.” 10-27-1852, p. 4, column 1.[26]

–17 Foster’s Landing, Bracken County. By July 24. Reported to be “raging fearfully.”[27]

— 1 Hickman, Aug 31. Samuel Scott. Smith. Genealogical Abstracts from Reported Deaths…

— 2 Jericho, Henry County. Louisville Daily Democrat, KY. 11-11-1852, p. 3, col. 5.

–26 Maysville. Blanchard compilation of 20 deaths up to June 9 and 6 on July 16.

–20 “ Gettysburg Republican Compiler, PA. “Cholera at Maysville.” 6-14-1852, p. 3.[28]

–>1 By June 5. New York Times. “Cholera at the West, &c.” 6-11-1852, p. 2.[29]

— 2 June 6-10. New York Times. “Cholera at the West, &c.” 6-11-1852, p. 2.[30]

— 6 “ July 16. Alton Weekly Courier, IL. “Cholera in Maysville, Ky.” 7-23-1852, p3.[31]

–2 William Thompson and wife, Martha Thompson. Genealogy.com.

— 2 Montgomery County. Slaves of Dr. R. D. Green, “after attacks of six hours.”[32]

— 9 Paris area, Bourbon County. Mr. & Mrs. Algernon Smith, Mr. Thomas, six slaves.[33]

–50 Princeton, Caldwell County. NYT. “The Cholera at Princeton, Kentucky,” 7-17-1852, p. 1.[34]

Louisiana: (1,080-1,320) New Orleans

–1,320 New Orleans. Peters. “General History of the Disease…up to 1885,” in Wendt 1885, 30.

–1,080 Out of 8,670 total deaths and population of 147,441. Barton, 1857.[35]

–1,080 Sanitary Commission of New Orleans. Report of…Sanitary Commission… 1854. p. 465.

–139. Week ending June 5. NY Times. “The Cholera at New-Orleans.” 6-16-1852, p. 2.

— ? Mississippi River area, July 16.[36]

Mississippi ( >2)

–1 Bolivar Co., June 12. Octavia Brown. Smith. Genealogical Abstracts from Reported Deaths…

–? Jackson, July. “There was considerable Cholera at Jackson, Mississippi…”[37]

–1 Lowndes County, Aug 21. Mary E. Adams. Smith. Genealogical Abstracts…Reported Deaths…

Missouri: ( 980) Especially St. Louis (802)

— 980 Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.

— ~ 40 Independence, Jackson County. Miller. The History of Kansas City. 1881, p. 45.

— ~70 Jackson, Cape Girardeau County. Alton Weekly Courier, IL. “Cholera.” 7-9-1852, p. 1.[38]

— 20 Kansas City, Jackson County. Miller. The History of Kansas City. 1881, p. 45.

— 2 Marion City, Cole Co. Mary Little (daughter of James) and Mary Ann Little, wife of James.[39]

— ? Scott County. “Cholera is raging malignantly in Scott County, Missouri.”[40]

— 802 St. Louis. Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47.[41]

— 4 “ Jan Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47.

— 3 “ Feb Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47.

— 1 “ Mar Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47.

— 2 “ Apr Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47.

— 44 “ May Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47.

–230 “ June Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47.

–274 “ July Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47.

— 98 “ Aug Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47.

— 41 “ Sep Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47.

— 53 “ Oct Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47.

— 31 “ Nov Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47.

— 21 “ Dec Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47.

— 48 Westport, Jackson County. Miller. The History of Kansas City. 1881, p. 45.

Nebraska ( >50) Especially Fort Kearney area

— 1 Ash Hollow. Barbara Elizabeth Ream; on Oregon Trail heading west.[42]

–~44 Fort Kearney area. Altonen. Asiatic Cholera…Dysentery…Oregon Trail… 2000, p.107.[43]

–1 Mr. Sheckley; young man member of party on Oregon Trail going west.[44]

–1 Abigail Sprenger, at Fort Kearny.[45]

— 1 Western Neb. Rachel Riley, ~82.[46]

— 1 Nebraska locality not noted; Amanda Minerva Robbins, ~31, an invalid in wagon train.[47]

— 1 Nebraska locality not noted. Bethiah Emmeline Robbins, ~29.[48]

— 1 Nebraska locality not noted. Mahala Robbins, ~22.[49]

— 1 Nebraska locality not noted, June 7. Dr. Alpheus Russell, 49.[50]

New York: (1,322) Especially Buffalo (850) and Rochester (420)

–1,322 Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below:

— 851 Buffalo, by Oct 22. Danville Tribune, KY. 10-22-1852, p. 3, column 2.[51]

— ~6 Late July. New York Daily Times. “Cholera in Buffalo.” 8-2-1852, p. 2.[52]

–~14 Aug 3-4 (24 hrs). NY Daily Times. “The Cholera at Buffalo and Sandusky.” 8-5-1852, 2.

–432 September. Danville Tribune, KY. 10-22-1852, p. 3, column 2.[53]

— 51 New York City. Blanchard tally from breakouts below.

–27 “ July 29-Aug 4. Emigrants on Ward’s Island.[54]

— 6 “ Oct 3-9. NY Daily Times. “Mortality Last Week,” 10-12-1852, p. 6, col. 1.

–38 “ Oct 10-16. NY Daily-Times. “Weekly Report of Deaths…” 10-19-1852, 8.[55]

— 1 Niagara Falls, Aug 3 NY Daily Times. “The Cholera at Buffalo and Sandusky.” 8-5-1852, 2.[56]

— 420 Rochester. Rochester’s History: An Illustrated Timeline.

–>400 “ Green Bay Spectator, WI. “Cholera in Rochester,” 10-12-1852, p4.

— 26 “ July 31-Aug 3. NY Times. “The Cholera at Rochester.” 8-4-1852, p. 1.[57]

— 10 “ Aug 4. New York Daily Times. “Cholera at Rochester.” 8-5-1852, p. 2.[58]

— 8 “ Aug 5. New York Times. “Cholera Abating at Rochester.” 8-6-1852, p. 2.[59]

— 8 “ Aug 6-7. New York Times. “Progress of the Cholera.” 8-9-1852, p. 2.[60]

— 3 “ Aug 8. New York Daily Times. “Progress of the Cholera.” 8-9-1852, p. 2.[61]

— 4 “ Aug 12-13. NY Daily Times. “Cholera at Rochester.” 8-14-1852, p. 2.[62]

— 4 “ Aug 18-19. NY Daily Times. “Cholera at Rochester.” 8-20-1852, p. 1.[63]

— 6 “ Aug 22-23. NY Daily Times. “The Cholera at Rochester.” 8-24-1852, p. 2.[64]

— 14 “ Sep 9-10. New York Daily Times. “Cholera at Rochester. 9-11-1852, p. 2.[65]

— 6 “ Sep 19-20. New York Daily Times. “Cholera at Rochester,” 9-21-1852, p. 1.[66]

— ? “ Oct 2. New York Daily Times. “The Cholera at Rochester.” 10-4-1852, 1.[67]

— >1 Yorkville, Oneida Co. NY Daily Times. “The Cholera at Yorkville.” 9-7-1852, p. 1.[68]

Ohio: (>138-139) Especially Sandusky (68) and Dayton (40) July-Aug

— 130 Blanchard tally of locality breakouts below.

–>17-18 Cincinnati, Late May-Sep. Blanchard tally from Cincinnati breakouts below.

–7-8 June 5 report. NYT. “Sickness on the Plains–Deaths by Cholera…” 6-5-1852, p.2.

— ? June 10. “There are seven cases of Cholera at the Cincinnati Quarantine Hospital.”[69]

— ? Cincinnati area, June 22 report. Workers on Covington and Lexington Railroad.[70]

— ? Cincinnati, July. New York Times. “No Cholera in Cincinnati,” 7-23-1852, p. 4.[71]

–>10 Cincinnati, Sep. New York Daily Times. “Cholera at Cincinnati.” 9-21-1852, p. 1.[72]

— 40 Dayton after July 5. McClellan. “A History of the…Cholera…America.” 1875, 634.

— 13 Gilboa McClellan. “A History of the…Cholera…America.” 1875, 634.

— 68 Sandusky Peeke. A Standard History of Erie County, Ohio. 1916.

–~3 by Aug 4. NY Daily Times. “The Cholera at Buffalo and Sandusky.” 8-5-1852, 2.[73]

–54 Aug 7-13 Peeke. A Standard History of Erie County, Ohio. 1916.[74]

–14 Aug 14-20 Peeke. A Standard History of Erie County, Ohio. 1916.[75]

Oregon ( >25)

— 7 Alpine, Benton County. Freel family members.[76]

— >3 Portland. Charles Stevens letter of 12-27-1852 noting “cholera” in Portland.[77]

—>10 Salmon Falls area.[78]

— ~5 The Dalles. John Eldridge statement of witnessing about one death a day there in Sep.[79]

–1 Near The Dalles, last of September; William Lemley Jones.[80]

— 1 Willow Creek area, Gilliam County. Elizabeth Sleppy, ~27.[81]

Pennsylvania ( >21) Especially Chambersburg

–>13 Chambersburg, Franklin County. Blanchard tally from breakouts below.

— ? “ Aug 6. Cholera outbreak beginning reported.[82]

—>3 “ Aug. “…a number of deaths noted, including the wife of a…attorney.”[83]

–10 “ Sep 13-19. NY Daily Times. “Cholera at Chambersburg, Pa.” 9-21-1852, p.1.[84]

— 2 Mifflin, Juniata County, July 17. Man and woman died in morning of cholera; another sick.[85]

— 6 Vernon (Dec 4-14) Huron Reflector, Norwalk, OH. “The Cholera,” 12-28-1852, p. 2.

Texas (>55-67) Especially Polk County

— ? Guadeloupe River. “The Cholera has made its appearance on the Guadaloupe River.”[86]

–52-64 Polk County. Adams Sentinel, Gettysburg, PA. “Deaths from Cholera…,” 12-27-1852, 4

— ~3 Victoria, Victoria Co. NY Times. “General…Smith–Cholera at Texas.” 8-25-1852, p. 1.[87]

West Virginia ( 7) Wheeling

–7 Wheeling, by Oct 13. New York Daily Times. “Cholera at Wheeling, Virginia.” 10-14-1852, p. 1.[88]

–? Knapp. Researches on…Pathology…Origin and Laws of Epidemics. P. 29.[89]

Wisconsin ( >10) Muskego area

—>10? Muskego area epidemic, especially Norwegian settlements.[90]

Wyoming ( ~93) Especially Fort Laramie area

–~93 Fort Laramie area. Altonen. Asiatic Cholera…Dysentery…Oregon Trail… 2000, p.107.[91]

–1 Deer Creek, where wagon train had stopped to make repairs; Peter White, ~42.[92]

–1 Fort Laramie, June 15. Preston Taylor.[93]

–1 Laramie’s Point or Castle Hill. Ann Roelofson.[94]

Plains ( 33) Waddington and Perry parties

–33 Men from J. B. Waddington and Captain Perry companies, travelling west to California.[95]

Riverine/Maritime (>70)

–>60 Blanchard tally based on breakouts below.

— 17 Steamer Midas, New Orleans to Cincinnati, early June.[96]

— 43 Steamer Philadelphia, Aspinwall (Panama Canal Port, Atlantic side) to New York.[97]

—>10 June 5 report: “Deaths occur on almost every boat coming up the Mississippi…”[98]

Narrative Information — General

Peters: St. Louis, MO: “In 1852 there were deaths again in every month; the total for the year being 802.” (Peters. “General History of the Disease…up to 1885,” in Wendt, 1885, p. 31.)

Indiana

Sutton: “In 1852, the first cases of cholera we had in this section of the country were in Manchester township. A man who resided a few miles from Lawrenceburg, shortly after his return from Cincinnati, had a severe attack of cholera morbus. One of the attending physicians informed me, that it presented very much the appearance of cholera. Seven days afterwards, his mother, who had been attending him, and had gone on a visit to her son-in-law’s, about five miles distant from where the first case occurred, was suddenly attacked with cholera and died. The next day her son-in-law, and his son, a lad about 13 years of age, were both attacked and died. The day following two small children in the same family were severely attacked, but gradually recovered. A large number of the neighbors were in attendance on the sick, and with the exception of a few cases of diarrhea which occurred shortly after, there was no other sickness, and these were the only cases of cholera I could hear of in the county [Dearborn].

“On the 29^th of June, a Mr. C. C. Kelsey, one of our citizens, came up the river; he had had diarrhea for several days previous to his arrival at Aurora. Soon after his return he became suddenly worse. The discharges from the bowels were of the rice water character; he had severe cramps of the extremities; his skin was clammy; his eyes were sunken, with a dark circle around them. I considered this a well-marked case of cholera, and mentioned it to our physicians. He gradually recovered. On the 5^th of July, an old man by the name of Fickiss, who resided in the outskirts of the town, while working in the harvest-field was suddenly attacked about noon with cholera, and died that evening. Three days after, his daughter was attacked with the disease and died. On the Monday following, the man who was at work with him in the field was also attacked with the disease and died; he resided in another part of the town. Two days after, a young woman who attended the funeral of the old man, was attacked and died. The week following, two children in the same neighborhood–one of them the second house from where Fickiss lived–died with symptoms of cholera; and there were several cases of diarrhea in this part of the town. The neighbors generally avoided the disease, and but few persons saw these cases. There were no other cases of cholera that I could hear of, at this time, in the county….” (pp. 120-121)

(Sutton, George, M.D. “A Report to the Indiana State Medical Society, on Asiatic Cholera, as it Prevailed in this State in 1849-50-51-52.” Pages 109-175 in Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Meeting of the Indiana State Medical Society, held in the City of Lafayette, May, 1853. Indianapolis: Elder & Harkness-Steam Press Print, 1853.)

Iowa

Hartley: “Some Saluda survivors who contracted cholera were not so fortunate. By mid-June, the May family, which had some members on the Saluda and others going overland, reunited safely and joyfully at Council Bluffs about the middle of June. But their jubilee was short-lived. Before they could head out for Utah, cholera struck the family, killing the father, George, and the eldest and youngest daughters. Then, when the rest started for the Missouri River ferry, one of the sons died. Soon, the mother died, too. “Now there were 4 of us orphan children,” reported James May, who went west in Eli Kelsey’s wagon company.”[99] (Hartley. “Don’t Go Aboard the Saluda. Mormon Hist. Studies, 2003, 59.)

Kansas:

Hartley: “Abraham O. Smoot, after tending to Saluda victims for a couple of weeks and buying livestock for the wagon companies, returned to St. Louis. From there he went upriver to Atchison, Kansas Territory. There, he became captain of a wagon train [LDS Church members]. Before the group could depart, cholera infested their camp, too. “There were over forty cases, and of these some fifteen proved fatal,” he reported.” (Hartley, William G. “Don’t Go Aboard the Saluda. Mormon Historical Studies, Spring 2003.)

Missouri:

Miller: Kansas City, MO and environs: “The scourge [cholera] revisited the place in 1852, and revived to a considerable degree the previous panic [1851]. That year forty-eight deaths occurred in Westport within twenty-four hours after the appearance of the disease, and there were in a like space of time about forty deaths in Independence and twenty or more in Kansas City.” (Miller. The History of Kansas City. 1881, p. 45.)

New York

Oct 12: “The Cholera has entirely abated in Rochester, where it has prevailed with great fatality since the 1st of August. The first case happened early in June, and occasionally a case up to July 31st. The Rochester American says, that four hundred is a low estimate of the citizens who died of cholera in seven weeks from the 1st of August! The same paper thinks the number is many more, and that the business that place has suffered to the amount of more than a million of dollars on account of the prevalence of cholera. The results are mainly attributed, by the American to the inefficiency of the city government.

“In the year 1832, Rochester had a population of 13,000. The deaths from cholera were 108. In 1834, 58 deaths in a population of 16,000. In 1849,157 deaths in a population of 36,000. in 1852, 400 or 500 deaths; population 40,000.” (Green Bay Spectator, WI. “Cholera in Rochester,” Oct 12, 1852, p. 4.)

Ohio

McClellan: “About July 5,1852, a woman arrived at Dayton, Ohio, from Sandusky, where cholera was said to be epidemic. When she arrived she had every symptom of the disease. Sue was taken to an Irish boardinghouse, where, after a severe illness, she recovered. Six other eases occurred at this house; all died. The disease spread and about forty deaths occurred.” (McClellan. “A History of the…Cholera…America.” 1875, 634.)

Texas

Dec 27: “Several families in Alabama, with their slaves, recently removed to Polk county, Texas – By late accounts from them it appears they have been severely attacked with the cholera….A letter dated Cold Springs, December 2d, says: ‘One of the Alabama company, Mr. Snow, has died of the cholera, together with eight or ten of his negroes.’ It has also been ascertained that Mr. Hamlin H. Lewis, Mr. Robert Scott, and Mr. John E. Scott, have also died of the same disease, together with some forty or fifty slaves belonging to Mr. Hamlin H. Lewis, Mrs. Dixon H. Lewis, and Mr. Scott. Mr. Flourney, who lately arrived at Port Lavacca, from New Orleans, lost 8 or 10 of his slaves from cholera.” (Adams Sentinel and General Advertiser, Gettysburg, PA. “Deaths from Cholera in Texas.” 12-27-1852, p. 4.)

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Barton, Edward H., MD. The Cause and Prevention of Yellow Fever at New Orleans and other Cities in America (Third Edition, with a Supplement). New York: H. Bailliere; London and Paris, 1857. Google preview accessed 3-14-2018 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=yEJZDrCO-ZkC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Custer, Milo. “The Roll of the Dead: A List of Deaths From Asiatic Cholera in Central Illinois, 1834-1873.” 1929. In “McLean County, Illinois History and Genealogy,” Genealogy Trails, transcribed by Kim Torp. Accessed 10-2-2012: http://genealogytrails.com/ill/mclean/asiaticcholera.html

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Danville Tribune, KY. [Cholera in Montgomery County, KY] 11-5-1852, p. 2, col. 3. Accessed 11-11-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/danville-kentucky-tribune-nov-05-1852-p-2/

Flora, Stephenie. “Emigrants to Oregon in 1852, Surnames R-Z.” Oregonpioneers.com, 2009. Accessed 11-12-2019 at: http://www.oregonpioneers.com/1852_RZ.htm

Genealogy.com. “Re: William Thompson 1806-1852, MD, KY.” Accessed 11-10-2019 at: https://www.genealogy.com/forum/surnames/topics/thompson/27275/

Gettysburg Republican Compiler, PA. “Cholera at Maysville.” 6-14-1852, p. 3. Accessed 11-10-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/gettysburg-republican-compiler-jun-14-1852-p-3/

Gjerset, Knut, and Ludvig Hektoen. Health Conditions and the Practice of Medicine Among the Early Norwegian Settlers, 1825-1865 (Vol. I). Accessed at the Norwegian-American Historical Association website on 5-11-2015 at: http://www.naha.stolaf.edu/pubs/nas/volume01/vol1_01.htm

Green Bay Spectator, WI. “Cholera in Rochester,” 10-12-1852, p. 4, col. 3. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=35003149

Hartley, William G. “Don’t Go Aboard the Saluda!”: William Dunbar, LDS Emigrants, and Disaster on the Missouri. Mormon Historical Studies, 31 pages (40-70), Spring 2003. At: http://www.mormonhistoricsitesfoundation.org/publications/studies_spring2003/MHS_Spring2003_Steamboat%20Saluda.pdf

Huron Reflector, Norwalk, OH. “The Cholera,” 12-28-1852, p. 2. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=6480075

Independent American, Platteville, WI. “Cholera on the Yuba.” 10-22-1852, p. 2. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=35025843&sterm=cholera

Indiana State Medical Society. Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Meeting of the Indiana State Medical Society, held in the City of Lafayette, May, 1853. Indianapolis: Elder & Harkness-Steam Press Print, 1853. Accessed 3-1-2015 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=vykjAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=sutton&f=true

Knapp, Dr. M. L. Researches on Primary Pathology, and the Origin and Laws of Epidemics (Vol. 1 of 2). Philadelphia: self-published, 1858. Google preview accessed 11-10-2019 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=qsrVX7IgaDoC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=true

Lebanon Post, KY, “Cholera.” 10-27-1852, p. 4, column 1, Accessed 11-11-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/lebanon-post-oct-27-1852-p-4/

Lebanon Post, KY. [Cholera in Bourbon County] 10-13-1852, p. 2; cites the Paris Citizen, Paris, KY. Accessed 11-11-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/lebanon-post-oct-13-1852-p-2/

Logan, Dr. Thomas M. “Report of the Cholera at Sacramento in 1852.” New Orleans: 1853. Accessed 11-10-2019 at: https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/catalog/nlm:nlmuid-34711310R-bk

Louisville Daily Democrat, KY. 11-11-1852, p. 3, col. 5. Accessed 11-11-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/louisville-daily-democrat-nov-11-1852-p-3/

Marsden, Melinda. “Cholera in Washington County, 1850-1853.” Washington County Library. Accessed 11-10-2019: https://www.washcolibrary.org/assets/documents/NewsIndex_Cholera1850-1853.pdf

McClellan, Ely. “A History of Epidemic Cholera, as it Affected the Army of the United States.” Section II, in Wendt, Edmund Charles (Ed.). A Treatise on Asiatic Cholera. NY: William Wood and Co., 1885. Google digitized. Accessed at: http://books.google.com/books?id=3ugSAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Miller, William H. (Secretary of the Board of Trade). The History of Kansas City. Kansas City, MO: Birdsall & Miller, 1881. Digitized by Google at: http://books.google.com/books?id=6n8UAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=&f=false

Moore, Robert. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” Pp. 41-47 in A Sanitary Survey of St. Louis, George Homan (Ed.), Concord, NY: Republican Press Association, 1855. Google digitized: http://books.google.com/books?id=cllNAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

New York Daily Times. “Cholera at Chambersburg, Pa.” 9-21-1852, p. 1. Accessed 11-11-2019 at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1852/09/21/74865538.html?pageNumber=1

New York Daily Times. “Cholera at Cincinnati.” 9-21-1852, p. 1. Accessed 11-11-2019 at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1852/09/21/74865536.html?pageNumber=1

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New York Daily Times. “Cholera at Rochester.” 8-5-1852, p. 2. Accessed 11-11-2019 at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1852/08/05/87839105.html?pageNumber=2

New York Daily Times. “Cholera at Rochester.” 8-14-1852, p. 2. Accessed 11-11-2019 at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1852/08/14/87839950.html?pageNumber=2

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New York Daily Times. “Cholera at Rochester. 9-11-1852, p. 2. Accessed 11-11-2019 at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1852/09/11/74865382.html?pageNumber=2

New York Daily Times. “Cholera at the West.” 6-23-1852, p. 2. Accessed 11-12-2019 at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1852/06/23/87836115.html?pageNumber=2

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New York Daily Times. “Cholera at Wheeling, Virginia.” 10-14-1852, p. 1. Accessed 11-11-2019 at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1852/10/14/issue.html

New York Daily Times. “Cholera in Buffalo.” 8-2-1852, p. 2. Accessed 11-11-2019 at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1852/08/02/issue.html

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New York Daily Times. “Cholera on the Mississippi.” 6-9-1852, p. 2. Accessed 11-12-2019 at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1852/06/09/74860171.html?pageNumber=2

New York Daily Times. “Cholera on the Western Rivers.” 6-5-1852, p. 2. Accessed 11-12-2019 at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1852/06/05/87835199.html?pageNumber=2

New York Daily Times. “Disasters on the Lakes–Cholera–Fatal Railroad Accidents,” 9-30-1852, p. 1. Accessed 11-11-2019 at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1852/09/30/87842845.html?pageNumber=1

New York Daily Times. “From Key West. Arrival of the Steamship Philadelphia. List of Deaths From Cholera.” 7-18-1852, p. 1. Accessed 11-12-2019 at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1852/07/19/87837701.html?pageNumber=1

New York Daily Times. “Later from Texas–Cholera in Mississippi…” 7-19-1852, p. 2. Accessed 11-12-2019: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1852/07/19/87837797.html?pageNumber=2

New York Daily Times. “Mortality Last Week,” Oct 12, 1852, p. 6, col. 1. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=2790941

New York Daily Times. “No Cholera in Cincinnati,” 7-23-1852, p. 4. Accessed 11-12-2019 at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1852/07/23/87838248.html?pageNumber=4

New York Daily Times. “Progress of the Cholera.” 7-18-1852, p. 2. Accessed 11-12-2019 at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1852/07/19/87837816.html?pageNumber=2

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New York Daily Times. “Sickness on the Plains–Deaths by Cholera…” 6-5-1852, p. 2. Accessed 11-12-2019: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1852/06/07/74860009.html?pageNumber=2

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New York Daily Times. “The Cholera at Princeton, Kentucky,” 7-17-1852, p. 1. Accessed 11-12-2019: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1852/07/17/87837517.html?pageNumber=1

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New York Daily Times. “The Cholera at Rochester.” 8-24-1852, p. 2. Accessed 11-11-2019 at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1852/08/24/74864480.html?pageNumber=2

New York Daily Times. “The Cholera at Yorkville.” 9-7-1852, p. 1. Accessed 11-11-2019 at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1852/09/07/87841433.html?pageNumber=1

New York Daily Times. “The Prevalence of Cholera…,” Dec 31, 1852, p. 7, col. 2. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=2794791

New York Daily-Times. “Weekly Report of Deaths in This City,” 10-19-1852, p. 8, col. 1. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=2791299

Oregon-California Trails Association. “Life and Death on the Oregon Trail.” Accessed 11-10-2019 at: https://www.octa-trails.org/articles/life-and-death-on-the-oregon-trail/

Ottawa Free Trader, IL. “Died,” 7-3-1852, p. 4. Accessed 11-10-2019 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/ottawa-free-trader-jul-03-1852-p-4/

Peeke, Hewson L. “The Three Cholera Years.” Chapter XIV in A Standard History of Erie County, Ohio (Volume I). Chicago and NY: Lewis Publishing Co., 1916. Webpage created by Sharon Wick for Ohio Genealogy Express, 2008. Accessed 12-6-2012 and 2-22-2015 at: http://www.ohiogenealogyexpress.com/erie/erieco_hist1916chpt_xiv_cholera.html

Peru Historical Committee. Peru Illinois Centennial May 25-26, 1935, Commemorating One Hundred Years of Peru’s Existence. Peru, IL: Historical Committee, 1935. Accessed 2-25-2015 at: https://archive.org/details/peruillinoiscent00peru

Peters, John C. “General History of the Disease and the Principal Epidemics up to 1885,” Section I in Wendt, Edmund Charles (Ed.). A Treatise on Asiatic Cholera. NY: William Wood and Co., 1885. Digitized by Google at: http://books.google.com/books?id=bk4gp1QXHM4C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=&f=false

Rochester’s History: An Illustrated Timeline. Accessed 4-5-2010 at: http://www.vintageviews.org/vv-tl/timeline/flower.html

Rootsweb.Ancestry.com. “Marion County, Missouri Obituaries from the Palmyra, Missouri ‘Whig.’” Accessed 4-25-2015 at: http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~momarion/marnobit.htm

Sanitary Commission of New Orleans. Report of the Sanitary Commission to His Honor J. L. Lewis, Mayor of the City of New Orleans. New Orleans: By Authority of the City Council of New Orleans, 1854. Google preview accessed 3-5-2018 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=_EQJAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Smith, Jonathan Kennon Thompson. Genealogical Abstracts from Reported Deaths. The Louisville and Nashville Christian Advocate and the Nashville Christian Advocate 1852-1856. “July-December 1852.” 1997. Accessed 11-10-2019 at: http://tngenweb.org/records/tn_wide/obits/nca/nca1-03.htm

Stormont, Gil R. History of Gibson County Indiana. Indianapolis: B. F. Bowen & Co., Inc., 1914. Accessed 11-10-2019 at: http://nativeamericansofdelawarestate.com/HistoryOfGibsonCounty.pdf

Sutton, George, M.D. “A Report to the Indiana State Medical Society, on Asiatic Cholera, as it Prevailed in this State in 1849-50-51-52.” Pages 109-175 in Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Meeting of the Indiana State Medical Society, held in the City of Lafayette, May, 1853. Indianapolis: Elder & Harkness-Steam Press Print, 1853. Accessed 3-1-2015 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=vykjAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=sutton&f=true

Werner, Morris W. “Emigrant Graves on the Oregon and California Trails in Kansas.” Pioneer Trails From U. S. Land Surveys. 1988-1989. Also: Kansas Heritage. Accessed 3-29-2015 at: http://www.kansasheritage.org/werner/emigrave.html

Zanesville Courier, OH. “Latest from California.” 10-13-1852, p. 3. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=13918056

[1] Compiled in April 2012, modified Oct 2012 and Nov 2019 for inclusion in: http://www.usdeadlyevents.com

[2] Bartons Bar was on the main Yuba River, between Parks Bar and Rose Bar. (Erwin Gudde. California Gold Camps. 1975.)

[3] “We are informed…that the cholera is raging with terrible fatality at Barton’s Bar, on the Yuba – Eighteen deaths occurred in 24 hours, and many of the miners are flying from the place in terror.”

[4] Rootsweb.com. “Marion County, Missouri. Obituaries from the Palmyra, Missouri Whig.”

[5] Stephenie Flora. “Emigrants to Oregon in 1852, Surnames R-Z.” Oregonpioneers.com, 2009.

[6] Altonen does not provide this number. Our number derives from our attempt to count the dots in his Dysentery Cholera transition region deaths graph.

[7] Altonen does not provide this number. Our number derives from our attempt to count the dots in his Dysentery Cholera transition region deaths graph.

[8] Stephenie Flora. “Emigrants to Oregon in 1852, Surnames R-Z.” Oregonpioneers.com, 2009.

[9] “In 1852, on the 12^th day of July, cholera appeared at Chicago…” (McClellan 1875, 634)

[10] Also: Peters. “General History of the Disease…up to 1885,” in Wendt 1885, p. 33.

[11] Custer, Milo. “The Roll of the Dead: A List of Deaths From Asiatic Cholera in Central Illinois, 1834-1873.” 1929. In “McLean County, Illinois History and Genealogy,” Genealogy Trails, transcribed by Kim Torp.

[12] “Chicago, Monday, May 31. The Cholera at Lasalle is on the increase, the deaths have been about 60–mostly laborers on the Railroad. Within the past three days, however, several of our most respectable citizens have died.”

[13] “Peru escaped [a cholera epidemic] until the summer of 1852, when it came back with a vengeance. It was estimated that between five and six hundred people died–about one-sixth of the population. No place in the United States had a higher death rate.”

[14] Noted that a Fort Wayne resident went to see his brother, who died of cholera. After returning to Fort Wayne he came down with cholera the next day and died. “on the following day a girl about 10 or 12 years of age in the same house died with the disease. On the next day a German boy aged 10 years, living two squares from the house where it first appeared, was attacked and died after 10 or 12 hours illness. The first case occurred on the 25^th of July. There were on other cases until the 9^th of August, when it broke out in a row of old, damp, filthy, dilapidated buildings, occupied by French and German families, most of these recent emigrants. Some 10 or 12 died at these buildings in the course of a week. From the 9^th to the 15^th of September there were a few cases almost every day in various parts of the town. After the 15^th of September there was but one case in town, this was on the 28^th.

[15] In: Stormont, Gil R. History of Gibson County Indiana. Indianapolis: B. F. Bowen & Co., Inc., 1914. Writes: “Cholera…made its first appearance in Gibson county in the summer of 1852. At that time the Wabash and Erie canal was in progress of construction about seven miles southeast of Princeton. In this work two or three hundred Irish immigrant workmen were employed. The workmen were housed in temporary camps and little thought was given to cleanliness and sanitation, a condition most favorable for cholera and other diseases. Within a few days after the cholera made its appearance a number of deaths resulted and when it had run its course, in less than three weeks, an estimated total of eighty had succumbed. Following the first outbreak a majority of the men fled from the vicinity and excitement in the community was at fever heat. Victims of the disease were left lying for days before being given burial and it was almost impossible to secure men to do this work. A few of the Irish workmen stayed with their stricken friends and these few braved danger by burying the bodies in long trenches near the reservoir….A number of those who remained behind to care for the sick and dying gave up their lives. Besides the foreign workmen there were also a few deaths among residents of the community [Princeton], including one man and his wife who voluntarily ministered to the stricken canal workmen.”

[16] “An Irishman, who was superintendent on the Lawrenceburgh & Greensburgh Railroad, a few miles above Lawrenceburgh, lost three of his men from cholera. (Sutton. “Report to the Indiana Medical Society of Asiatic Cholera.” 1853, p. 122.)

[17] After noting “a number of deaths from cholera during the fall” among the Ohio & Mississippi Railroad workers, Sutton writes “also on the Lawrenceburgh & Indianapolis Railroad.”

[18] “Among the foreigners at work on the Ohio & Mississippi Railroad, there were a number of deaths from cholera during the fall.” For the purpose of contributing to a tally we translate “a number of deaths” into approximately 3.

[19] Werner. “Emigrant Graves on the Oregon and California Trails in Kansas.” Kansasheritage.org. Notes twenty deaths in May 13 timeframe, but notes cholera specifically as the cause of death for five: a son of John Brown, James McKenney, Duncan Gilchrist, Charles Kelsey, and J. J. Pearce.

[20] Werner. “Emigrant Graves on the Oregon and California Trails in Kansas.” Kansasheritage.org.

[21] Ottawa Free Trader. 7-3-1852, p. 4. “Late accounts (to the 29^th ult.) from the recruits of Maj. Steen, who were stopped within sixty miles of Fort Leavenworth by the cholera, mention the death of fourteen of the command, and another was not expected to survive. At the date of the letter, one fourth of the whole number were on the sick list, the command were composed of about 300 men.”

[22] Werner. “Emigrant Graves on the Oregon and California Trails in Kansas.” Kansasheritage.org.

[23] Werner. “Emigrant Graves on the Oregon and California Trails in Kansas.” Kansasheritage.org.

[24] Werner. “Emigrant Graves on the Oregon and California Trails in Kansas.” Kansasheritage.org.

[25] Werner. “Emigrant Graves on the Oregon and California Trails in Kansas.” Kansasheritage.org.

[26] Bardstown Herald: “There was another outbreak of cholera last Saturday night. There have been five deaths since the last number of our paper was issued, making in all thirteen from the first breakout out of the disease. There have been no new cases very lately, and we trust the scourge has taken its final departure.”

[27] Danville Tribune, KY. “Cholera.” 7-30-1852, p. 3.

[28] “Cincinnati, June 9^th.–The cholera broke out at Maysville, Ky., on Saturday [June 5], since which time 20 out of 26 have died. Four are now sick, and not expected to live. All the deaths but one have taken place within one square, and but three cases have occurred outside the infected district. Among the dead are Mrs. Rusk and three daughters, and two more of her children will probably die.”

[29] Notes June 10 there had been two more deaths (noted below). Thus, there must have been at least one prior death.

[30] “Cincinnati, Thursday, June 10. “There have been two more deaths and four new cases of Cholera at Marysville, Ky., since Monday [June 6].”

[31] “We regret that the Cholera is still prevailing to some extent in Maysville. On last Thursday, six deaths occurred.”

[32] Danville Tribune, KY. 11-5-1852, p. 2, col. 3.

[33] Lebanon Post, KY. [Cholera in Bourbon County] 10-13-1852, p. 2; cites the Paris Citizen, Paris, KY.

[34] “Cincinnati, Wednesday, July 16. We learn from Princeton, Kentucky, that fifty deaths from cholera have occurred at that place during the present season. Many families had left, and others were leaving.”

[35] “Comparative Table [Yellow Fever and Cholera]. Estimate of the Salubrity of New Orleans, as affected by her Epidemics. 1^st — of Yellow Fever.”

[36] “New Orleans, Friday, July 16. The cholera is very prevalent along the river and coast. Several deaths have taken place.” (New York Daily Times. “Progress of the Cholera.” 7-18-1852, p. 2.)

[37] New York Daily Times. “Later from Texas–Cholera in Mississippi…” 7-19-1852, p. 2.

[38] “We have just learned that in Jackson, the county seat of Cape Girardeau county…a little town of some 250 inhabitants, the cholera has been raging about two weeks, causing about seventy deaths. It made its first appearance among the negroes, the morning after a negro ball, fifteen of whom died the next day. It soon spread amongst the whites with great fatality. In the report of deaths we find those of Col. J. W. Russell, wife and two children, Dr. D. H. Davis, J. W. Limbaugh, editor of the Democrat, wife and two children of Dr. Caxnon, and other highly respectable citizens. The greatest alarm prevails throughout the county, and all business in Jackson is entirely suspended. Nearly all the citizens have fled either to the country or to Cape Girardeau. So great is the panic, we learn, that an old gentleman of large family, living about one mile from town, died, and there could be found no one to bury him….There had been no abatement of the disease at last advices.” Cites Missouri Republican, June 29.

[39] Rootsweb.com. “Marion County, Missouri. Obituaries from the Palmyra, Missouri Whig.”

[40] New York Daily Times. “Cholera in Missouri.” 8-31, 1852, p. 2.

[41] Also: Peters. “General History of the Disease…to 1885,” in Wendt, 1885, 31.

[42] Stephenie Flora. “Emigrants to Oregon in 1852, Surnames R-Z.” Oregonpioneers.com, 2009.

[43] Altonen does not provide this number. Our number derives from our attempt to count the dots in his Dysentery Cholera transition region deaths graph.

[44] Stephenie Flora. “Emigrants to Oregon in 1852, Surnames R-Z.” Oregonpioneers.com, 2009.

[45] Stephenie Flora. “Emigrants to Oregon in 1852, Surnames R-Z.” Oregonpioneers.com, 2009.

[46] Stephenie Flora. “Emigrants to Oregon in 1852, Surnames R-Z.” Oregonpioneers.com, 2009.

[47] Stephenie Flora. “Emigrants to Oregon in 1852, Surnames R-Z.” Oregonpioneers.com, 2009.

[48] Stephenie Flora. “Emigrants to Oregon in 1852, Surnames R-Z.” Oregonpioneers.com, 2009.

[49] Stephenie Flora. “Emigrants to Oregon in 1852, Surnames R-Z.” Oregonpioneers.com, 2009.

[50] Stephenie Flora. “Emigrants to Oregon in 1852, Surnames R-Z.” Oregonpioneers.com, 2009.

[51] “During…prevalence of the cholera at Buffalo, N.Y., there were 851 deaths by it, of which 432 were in the month of September. The total number of deaths by all diseases during the three months the cholera prevailed was 1,479.”

[52] “Albany, Sunday, Aug. 1. A private letter received here this morning states that the cholera has suddenly broken out in Buffalo. A gentleman, his wife, two or three children, and his clerk died within a few hours… The person, writing to his friends here, says he is leaving for the country, as well as several others. There is much…alarm.”

[53] The New York Times, on Sep 2, noted that “Justice Laggart has adjourned the court two weeks. In account of the cholera.” (“Disasters on the Lakes–Cholera–Fatal Railroad Accidents,” Buffalo, Wednesday, Sept. 29.)

[54] Alton Weekly Courier, IL. 8-27-1852, p. 1.

[55] Of several dozen causes of death during the weekly reporting period, according to the City Inspector’s Report, Cholera was the second leading cause of death, with only consumption, at 42, causing more deaths.

[56] Judge De Veaux, of Niagara County, “and the richest man in that section, died at the Falls of cholera morbus…”

[57] “From the Rochester Democrat of Tuesday [Aug 3]. Since the 31^st of July, 1852, there have been reported to the Board forty-seven cases of Cholera, twenty-six of which terminated fatally

[58] “Rochester, Wednesday, Aug. 4–7 P.M. The Board of Health report that up to 4 o’clock this afternoon, there had been nineteen cases of cholera, and ten deaths.”

[59] “Rochester, Thursday Aug. 5. The Board of Health report six new cases of cholera, and eight deaths, for the 24 hours ending at 4 P.M. There is every reason to believe that the disease is abating rapidly. Nearly all of the deaths thus far have been among emigrants and the poorer classes.”

[60] “Rochester, Saturday, Aug. 7. The Board of Health report thirteen new cases of Cholera, and eight deaths, for the twenty-four hours ending at 4 P.M. Two of the deaths, however, should have been reported yesterday.”

[61] “Rochester, Sunday, Aug. 8. The Board of Health report six new cases of Cholera and three deaths, in the twenty-four hours ending at 4 P.M., to-day. A Marked improvement.”

[62] “Rochester, Friday, Aug. 13. The Board of Health report nine new Cholera cases, and four deaths, during the twenty-four hours ending at 4 P.M.”

[63] “Rochester, Thursday, Aug. 19. The number of deaths by Cholera reported by the Board of Health, for the two days ending at 4 o’clock, P.M., is four. This is a very decided and gratifying abatement.”

[64] “Rochester…Aug. 23. The Board of Health report six deaths in the two days ending at 4 o’clock this afternoon.”

[65] “Rochester, Friday, Sept. 10. The Board of Health report fourteen deaths by cholera, in the two days ending at 4 P.M. The weather has been hot and rainy.”

[66] “Rochester, Monday, Sept. 20. Six deaths have occurred from Cholera during the two days ending at 5 o’clock P.M. to-day. Four of them in one family.”

[67] “Rochester, Saturday, Oct. 2. We are sorry to announce that in consequence of the return of warm, summer-like weather, the cholera is on the increase.”

[68] “….The report came from a Physician of that vicinity…He does not say that the disease is the ‘Asiatic Cholera,’ but that it is the Cholera now prevalent throughout the country, he feels confident. To show how rapidly death follows its attack, he mentions the case of a lady who was taken sick and died while the family were at Church.”

[69] New York Daily Times. “Cholera at the West, &c.” 6-11-1852, p. 2.

[70] “Cincinnati, Tuesday, June 22. The weather is warm, and the Cholera is prevailing to some extent among the laboring classes on the Covington and Lexington Railroad. A few scattering cases have occurred in this city.” (New York Daily Times. “Cholera at the West.” 6-23-1852, p. 2.)

[71] “…principal physicians of the City [state]…Cholers does not exist, except in isolated instances, in the City…”

[72] “Cincinnati, Monday, Sept. 20. The dispatch dated the 14^th inst., published in the New-York evening papers of the following day, saying that there had been but one cholera case here in three weeks, was false. There is no cholera now, but ten deaths daily were then occurring. The Christian Advocate of the 15^th says: ‘We had quite an increase of cholera last week, and several sudden deaths.’” Another NYT article on Sep 11

[73] “Accounts from Sandusky say that the cholera has broken out there, and several deaths have occurred.”

[74] Cites the Register of 8-13-1852.

[75] Cites the Register of 8-20-1852.

[76] Within the Oregon-California Trails Association website is an excerpt from a letter written by Oregon homesteader Martha Freel, June 23, 1852: “First of all I would mention the sickness we have had and I am sorry to say the deaths. First of all Francis Freel died June 4, 1852, and Maria Freel followed the 6^th, next came Polly Casner who died the 9^th and LaFayette Freel soon followed, he died the 19^th, Elizabeth Freel, wife of Amos [and Martha’s mother] died the 11^th, and her baby died the 17^th. You see we have lost 7 persons in a few short days, all died of Cholera.”

[77] Stevens wrote that “cholera” got to Portland by way of the Oregon Trail, noting “There has been some Cholera in Portland this fall.” This is in the “Cholera” in Portland section of Altonen 2000, p. 130. For the purpose of contributing to a tally we convert this ambiguous language to “at least three” deaths. Altonen notes that this might have been dysentery rather than cholera.

[78] Charles Stevens, in a letter to his brother and sister from Portland, OR, 10-31-1852, wrote “A great many died with the Cholera on the Snake from Salmon falls to this side of the river at Ft. Boyse.” (Altonen 2000, p. 129.) For the purpose of contributing to a tally we translate “a great many” to “at least ten.”

[79] The statement is in Altonen (2000, p. 129). For the purposes of contributing to a tally we resorted to manufacturing the number of approximately five. There is no indication of the length of time Eldridge was in Dalles. We know, though, that cholera was carried by emigrants moving by wagon train westward through the length of Oregon to Portland and the coast.

[80] One of five family members dying from cholera along the way to OR — the other four along the trail. (Stephenie Flora. “Emigrants to Oregon in 1852, Surnames R-Z.” Oregonpioneers.com, 2009.)

[81] Stephenie Flora. “Emigrants to Oregon in 1852, Surnames R-Z.” Oregonpioneers.com, 2009.

[82] New York Daily Times. “Progress of the Cholera.” 8-9-1852, p. 2.

[83] Marsden, Melinda. “Cholera in Washington County, 1850-1853.” Washington County Library.

[84] “Chambersburg, Monday, Sept. 20. There were ten deaths from Cholera, in this place, last week. No new cases have occurred since Saturday. To-morrow is to be observed as a day of humiliation and prayer.”

[85] New York Daily Times. “Progress of the Cholera.” 7-19-1852, p. 2.

[86] New York Daily Times. “Later from Texas–Cholera in Mississippi…” 7-19-1852, p. 2.

[87] “The cholera had reappeared at Victoria, and several deaths occurred, including Thomas Jenkins, a well-known merchant.” In order to contribute to a tally we convert “several” into “approximately three.”

[88] “Philadelphia, Wednesday, Oct. 13. Cholera has made its appearance at Wheeling, Va. Twelve cases have occurred, seven of which resulted fatally.”

[89] “The Cholera manifested some activity again in the summer of 1852….Its ravages at Maysville, Ky., Wheeling, Va., and sundry other points in the Mississippi Valley, are matters of history…”

[90] “In 1852 the few settlers still remaining in the colony again had to carry out their dead in a new cholera epidemic.” (Gjerset and Hektoen. Health Conditions and the Practice of Medicine Among the Early Norwegian Settlers, 1825-1865.) No numbers are noted, however, other outbreaks of cholera in 1852 in other Norwegian settlements are noted — specifically at Bonnet Prairie and Spring Prairie. Thus, in order to contribute to a tally we conjecture that at least ten people died if there were cholera epidemics in three communities.

[91] Altonen does not provide this number. Our number derives from our attempt to count the dots (representing deaths) in his Dysentery Cholera transition region deaths graph.

[92] Stephenie Flora. “Emigrants to Oregon in 1852, Surnames R-Z.” Oregonpioneers.com, 2009.

[93] Stephenie Flora. “Emigrants to Oregon in 1852, Surnames R-Z.” Oregonpioneers.com, 2009.

[94] Stephenie Flora. “Emigrants to Oregon in 1852, Surnames R-Z.” Oregonpioneers.com, 2009.

[95] “We had conversation with a Mr. J. B. Waddington, who was in command of a company of thirty-nine men who travelled out on the Plains [from St. Joseph?] some three hundred miles, but being overtaken by the cholera turned back after losing thirteen of their number…he informs us that when he parted company with Captain Perry (who left about the same time with W.) there had been fifteen deaths in his (Perry’s) train. Another company, composed of about forty persons, whom he met on his way back, were all sick but one; and another small composed of eight men, had lost five of their number…”

[96] “Cincinnati, Monday, June 7. The steamer Midas arrived here last night from New-Orleans, reports having taken thirty German emigrants from a Havre vessel, seventeen of whom died of cholera during their passage up the river. Some of the cases were very violent.” (New York Daily Times. “Cholera on the Mississippi.” 6-9-1852, p. 2.)

[97] New York Daily Times. “From Key West. Arrival of the Steamship Philadelphia. List of Deaths From Cholera.” 7-18-1852, p. 1. Writes: “The steamship Philadelphia…whose passengers were so fatally attacked by the cholera, while on the way from Aspinwall to this port, arrived here yesterday in four days and twenty-three hours from Key West. The accounts of the ravages of the disease on board the vessel are confirmed by the statements of her officers. The total number of deaths from cholera, bilious fever and apoplexy, was fifty-five, of which not less than 43 were occasioned by cholera. Of the whole number, 44 were passengers and 11 members of the crew,” (A list of cholera victims and their state of residence is provided.)

[98] New York Daily Times. “Sickness on the Plains–Deaths by Cholera…” 6-7-1852, p. 2. Another NYT article on June 5 (p. 2), notes: “We learn that a very considerable number of Cholera cases, some of the most aggravated type, are appearing on the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. Cabin passengers from New-Orleans, who arrived at Cincinnati on Sunday last [May 30] report that one or two deaths a day occurred on their steamer, confined, however, to the emigrant deck passengers. On another boat there were several cases in the cabin, one a lady passenger, who died on reaching Louisville.” For the purpose of contributing to a tally we convert “Deaths occur on almost every boat…” and “one or two deaths a day” on one steamer from New Orleans to Cincinnati, which had to take at least several days, to ten or more deaths.

[99] Cites: James May Autobiography, 9–13, LDS Church Archives.