1860 — Scarlatina (Scarlet Fever), 38 Census “Registration” States and DC –26,402

 

— 26,402  U.S. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860.  1866, p. 4.[1]

— 26,402  U.S. Census. Ninth Census – Volume II. The Vital Statistics… 1872, p. xvii.[2]

— 26,393  U.S. Census. Preliminary Report on the Eighth Census 1860. Senate, p. 115.[3]

 

Highest Mortality States

 

—   251  Alabama.                   Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 34.

—   437  Arkansas.                  Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 37.

—   441  California.                 Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 40.[4]

—   389  Connecticut.              Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 10.

—     74  Delaware.                  Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 23.[5]

—     61  District of Columbia. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 25.[6]

—   217  Georgia.                    Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 32.

–1,698  Illinois.                      Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 20.[7]

–1,437  Indiana.                     Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 19.[8]

—   337  Iowa.                          Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 21.

—     61  Kansas.                      Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 22.

–1,505  Kentucky.                  Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 28.[9]

—   407  Louisiana.                 Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 36.

—   347  Maine.                       Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 5.

—   341  Maryland.                  Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 24.[10]

—   809  Massachusetts.          Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 8.

—   657  Michigan.                  Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 12.[11]

—     56  Minnesota.                Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 14.

—   348  Mississippi.               Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 35.

—   896  Missouri.                   Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 30.

—   169  New Hampshire.        Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 6.

—   604  New Jersey.               Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 16.[12]

–4,680  New York.                 Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 11.[13]

—   363  North Carolina.         Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 27.

–3,417  Ohio.                         Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 18.[14]

—     40  Oregon.                     Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 39.[15]

–3,156  Pennsylvania.            Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 17.[16]

—     90  Rhode Island.             Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 9.

—   162  South Carolina.         Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 31.

—   879  Tennessee.                 Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 29.

—   221  Texas.                        Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 38.

—   244  Vermont.                   Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 7.

—   601  Virginia.                    Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 26.

—   897  Wisconsin.                Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 13.[17]

 

CDC: “Scarlet fever – or scarlatina – is a bacterial infection caused by group A Streptococcus or “group A strep.” These bacteria cause many types of infections, including strep throat and skin infections. Certain strep bacteria produce a toxin (poison) that can cause a red rash—the “scarlet” of scarlet fever. Scarlet fever is usually a mild illness that most commonly affects children between 5 and 15 years old.

 

“People can spread scarlet fever germs to others. Group A strep bacteria can live in a person’s nose and throat. The bacteria spread through contact with droplets from an infected person’s cough or sneeze. If you touch your mouth, nose, or eyes after touching something with these droplets on it, you may become ill. You can also get sick after drinking from the same glass or eating from the same plate as a sick person. People can get scarlet fever from contact with sores from group A strep skin infections.

 

“…What to expect: Illness usually begins with a fever and sore throat. There also may be chills, vomiting, or abdominal pain. The tongue may have a whitish coating and appear swollen. It may also have a “strawberry”-like (red and bumpy) appearance. The throat and tonsils may be very red and sore, and swallowing may be painful. Although the cheeks might have a flushed appearance, there may be a pale area around the mouth.

 

“Usually the characteristic red rash appears one or two days after the illness begins. However, the rash can appear before illness or up to 7 days later. The rash usually appears first on the neck, underarm, and groin (the area where your stomach meets your thighs). Over time, the rash spreads over the body. Typically, the rash begins as small, flat red blotches that gradually become fine bumps and feel like sandpaper.

 

“Underarm, elbow, and groin skin creases may become brighter red than the rest of the rash. Doctors call these Pastia’s lines. The scarlet fever rash generally fades in about 7 days. As the rash fades, the skin may peel around the finger tips, toes, and groin area. This peeling can last up to several weeks….” (CDC. “Scarlet Fever: A Group A Streptococcal Infection.” 1-22-2018.

 

“There is no vaccine to prevent scarlet fever….” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Scarlet Fever: A Group A Streptococcal Infection.” 1-22-2018. Accessed 6-20-2018.)

 

CDC: “….People can get scarlet fever more than once. Having scarlet fever does not protect someone from getting it again in the future. While there is no vaccine to prevent scarlet fever, there are things people can do to protect themselves and others.

 

“The best way to keep from getting or spreading group A strep is to wash your hands often. This is especially important after coughing or sneezing and before preparing foods or eating. To practice good hygiene you should:

 

Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze

 

Put your used tissue in the waste basket

 

Cough or sneeze into your upper sleeve or elbow, not your hands, if you don’t have a

tissue

 

Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds

 

Use an alcohol-based hand rub if soap and water are not available

 

“You should also wash glasses, utensils, and plates after someone who is sick uses them. These items are safe for others to use once washed.

 

“Antibiotics Help Prevent Spreading the Infection to Others

 

“People with scarlet fever should stay home from work, school, or daycare until they:

 

No longer have a fever AND

 

Have taken antibiotics for at least 24 hours

 

“Take the prescription exactly as the doctor says to. Don’t stop taking the medicine, even if you or your child feel better, unless the doctor says to stop.” (CDC. Scarlet Fever: All You Need to Know (website). Last reviewed: 11-1-2018.

 

Sources

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Scarlet Fever: A Group A Streptococcal Infection.” 1-22-2018. Accessed 6-20-2018 at: https://www.cdc.gov/features/scarletfever/index.html )

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Scarlet Fever: All You Need to Know (website). Last reviewed: 11-1-2018. Accessed 7-23-2019 at: https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-public/scarlet-fever.html

 

United States Bureau of the Census, Dept. Interior. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. In: Statistics of The United States (Including Mortality, Property, &c.,) in 1860; Compiled from…The Eighth Census, under the Direction of the Secretary of the Interior. Washington.: Government Printing Office, 1866. At: http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html

 

United States Census Office, Department of Interior. Ninth Census – Volume II. The Vital Statistics of the United States, Embracing The Tables of Deaths, Births, Sex, and Age. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1872. Google digitized at: http://books.google.com/books?id=GssqAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

 

United States Census Office, Dept. Interior. Preliminary Report on The Eighth Census, 1860. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1862. Google digitized at: http://books.google.com/books?id=R08UAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

 

 

 

[1] Third leading known reported cause of death in the “Registration” area in 1860, behind  tuberculosis and pneumonia.  (U.S. Bureau of the Census, Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. In: Statistics of The United States… in 1860; Compiled from…The Eighth Census…. Washington: GPO, 1866.

[2] U.S. Census Office. Ninth Census – Volume II. The Vital Statistics of the United States, Embracing The Tables of Deaths, Births, Sex, and Age. Washington: GPO, 1872.

[3] U.S. Census Office, Dept. Interior. Preliminary Report on The Eighth Census, 1860. Washington: GPO, 1862.

[4] Second leading known cause of death in the State in 1860, behind consumption.

[5] Second leading known cause of death in the State in 1860, behind consumption.

[6] Third leading known cause of death in the District in 1860, behind consumption and pneumonia.

[7] Second leading known cause of death in the State in 1860, behind consumption.

[8] Second leading known cause of death in the State in 1860, behind consumption.

[9] Second leading known cause of death in the State in 1860, behind consumption.

[10] Second leading known cause of death in the State in 1860, behind consumption.

[11] Second leading known cause of death in the State in 1860, behind consumption.

[12] Second leading known cause of death in the State in 1860, behind consumption.

[13] Second leading known cause of death in the State in 1860, behind consumption.

[14] Second leading known cause of death in the State in 1860, behind consumption.

[15] The leading cause of death in the State in 1860.

[16] Second leading known cause of death in the State in 1860, behind consumption.

[17] Second leading known cause of death in the State in 1860, behind consumption.