1889 — Sep 9-12, hurricane/severe storms mid-Atlantic coast, esp. VA, DE, MD, PA, NJ, NY –40-50

–50 The World, NY. “Fifty Were Drowned,” Sep 13, 1889. p. 1.
–48 Blanchard estimate based on sources below (provided they are accurate).
–>12 Lewes, DE. (Probably includes bodies of sailors washed ashore and buried there.)
— 3 Rehoboth, DE, land
–>31 Delaware Bay maritime
— 1 Sea Isle City, NJ drowning
— 1 Schooner James Powell. Sailor washed off during the storm; drowned.
— 40 Dunn and Miller. Atlantic Hurricanes (Revised Edition). 1964, p. 310.
–>40 U.S. Signal Service. Monthly Weather Review. Vol. XVII, No. 9, September 1889, p.241.
— 40 NWS FO, Philadelphia/Mount Holly. “Historical Weather Facts…,” Oct 17, 2005.

Delaware (39-50)
— 50 New York Times. “At the Delaware Breakwater,” Sep 12, 1889, p. 1.
— 50 The World, NY. “Fifty Were Drowned,” Sep 13, 1889. p. 1.
— 40 Logansport Daily Pharos, IN. “It is Recorded…Chronology of…1889.” 12-28-1889, 2.
— >40 U.S. Signal Service. Monthly Weather Review. Vol. XVII, No. 9, Sep 1889, p.241.
— 39 The World, NY. “Fifty Were Drowned,” 13Sep1889.
— >12 Lewes. Bloomington Daily Leader, IN. “Loss of Life At Sea.” 9-13-1889, p. 1.
— >3 Rehoboth. Unknown vessel. The World, NY. “Fifty Were Drowned,” 13Sep1889.

Delaware Bay (31)
–31 NWS FO, Philadelphia/Mount Holly. “Historical Weather Facts…,” Oct 17, 2005
–>3 Schooner J. & L. Bryan. The World, NY. “Fifty Were Drowned,” 13Sep1889
–>3 Schooner Walter F. Parker. The World, NY. “Fifty Were Drowned,” 13Sep1889.

Maritime ( 1) Location not noted.
— 1 Schooner James Powell. Sailor washed off during the storm; seven survivors rescued.

New Jersey ( 1)
— 1 Sea Isle City. George Sayers, drowned.

Narrative Information

National Weather Service, Philadelphia/Mount Holly Forecast Office: “Sep 9…1889… A hurricane that formed E of the Antilles moved N and then NW toward NJ. The storm came within 150 miles of ACY [Atlantic City] before becoming nearly stationary for 4 days. The storm, one of the greatest storms to affect the shore and ocean, then turned to the SW toward Norfolk, VA, and dissipated. ACY measured a gust to 100 mph from the NE on the 10th, the strongest wind recorded in 1889. At PHL [Philadelphia], rain began on the 10th, with 0.24″ falling. This began a period of 12 consecutive days of measurable rain, with a final total of 3.70″. Another sudden and damaging ‘tidal wave’ hit LI and the Jersey shore around 6 pm on the 10th, following the 1st ‘tidal wave’ that hit on the 8th. The storm was located S of Cape Cod and E of Norfolk, VA, when the wave moved in. Considerable hurricane damage occurred along the Atlantic coast, as well as shipwrecks with loss of life. 29 ships were sunk in the Delaware Bay, killing at least 31 sailors. Officially, 40 lives were lost attributed to this hurricane, making it onto the Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492 to Present, list. (At least 25 deaths needed to make this list) (PHL )(H )(NCC )(NHC)(N )(NYT).” (NWS Forecast Office, Philadelphia/Mount Holly. “Historical Weather Facts…,” Oct 17, 2005.)

United States Signal Service. Monthly Weather Review: “….Seven depressions have been traced for September, 1889…Of the depressions traced for the current month…two were of tropical origin, one of which advanced from east of the Windward Islands to the Virginia coast from the 1st to 13th….Over the western portion of the ocean [Atlantic] disastrous storms and unusually high tides occurred along the coast from New England southward to the Carolinas, attending the advance of the depression traced northwestward from the Windward Islands….

“The following are brief descriptions of the depressions traced for September, 1889:

“1. Vessel reports indicate that this disturbance existed to the eastward of the Windward Islands on September 1st… Later reports indicate that it moved westward, passing over Saint Christopher during the night of the 2d….The centre of disturbance passed to the northwestward near the Island of Saint Thomas on the 3d, and was near to and north of the Island of Puerto Rico on the 4th. It was especially severe and caused much damage to crops over these Islands….Its northwesterly course continued until the 11th, the storm evidently increasing in energy as it approached the coast….

“The following reports indicate the character of the disturbances which attended this depression off the coast of the United States. The first positive information that this storm had reached the coast of the United States was received from the Signal Service station at Block Island, R.I., at 8 a.m., on the 9th, when during a sudden squall, the wind rose to forty-eight miles per hour from the northeast….Atlantic City, N.J.: the high northeast maximum velocity of seventy-two miles per hour at 2:30 p.m. of the 10th, causing the tide to rise very high on those dates, the highest point being reached during the night of the 10-11th, when the meadows along the water front and a portion of the city were inundated. Great destruction to property occurred in this city and along the beach by the wind and time. – Report of W. J. Blythe, observer, Signal Corps. Philadelphia, Pa.: high northeast wind, maintaining a steady velocity of forty to forty-five miles an hour, prevailed throughout the day of the 10th, and continued into the day of the 11th, with an extreme velocity of sixty miles per hour on the 10th. All telegraphic communication between here [Washington, DC] and Atlantic City was cut off during the 10th and 11th. – Report of L. M. Dey, observer, Signal Corps. Egg Harbor City, N.J., 10th: during last night and to-day a severe northeast storm has prevailed. Much damage has been done to crops and fruit trees in this section. – Report of H. Y. Postma, voluntary observer. Baltimore, Md.: the storm which prevailed with great persistence from the 10th to the 12th was very severe on Chesapeake Bay. All steamers arriving in this port have been delayed six to twelve hours by the storm. – The Baltimore, Ms., Sun, September 12. Lewes, Del.: a most destructive storm raged in this section from the 8th to the 12th. The telegraph station was washed away, the marine hospital dashed from its moorings, and the life-saving station, located forty feet above high water mark, was flooded and the foundation undermined. Humpreyville, a suburb between the town and the beach, was submerged, and its two hundred inhabitants fled for their lives. Thirty-one vessels are known to have been wrecked or washed ashore, and the damage to shipping is estimated at $570,000. The total number of lives lost will probably exceed forty. – The Baltimore, Md., Sun, September 13. It is estimated that the bulk of the losses caused by the storm to railroad and vessel owners will reach $1,786,000. – The Record, Philadelphia, Pa., September 13. Reports from Signal Service stations show that violent storms and unusually high tides occurred along and off the Atlantic coast from New England to North Carolina from the 8th to the 12th….” (United States Signal Service. Monthly Weather Review. “North Atlantic Storms for September, 1889.” Vol. XVII, No. 9, September 1889, pp. 240-241.)

Newspapers

Sep 11: “Philadelphia, Sept. 11. – Atlantic City is submerged. The ten thousand permanent residents and more than ten thousand hotel guests are panic stricken at the steady encroachments of the sea and the hurricane prevailing. Not a train can reach or leave the storm-beleaguered city for fully a week. A famine is threatened. There are no milk, no vegetables, no meat, and in another day there will be nothing left but bread and water. Luckily the supply of flour is plentiful.

“No trains have left the flooded city since Monday morning. The trip across the meadows, now a surging sea, was a most thrilling experience, and was accomplished to-day by The Times’ correspondent….

“From the moment the great wave of Monday night’s flood tide began spreading devastation along the beach front, the encroachments of the sea at Atlantic City have been steady and alarming. It dashed up the ocean avenues and over the open lots, tearing up and shattering the board walk and pavilions, uprooting foundation pilings, and casting bathhouses, restaurants, and other structures into a confused mass of debris. It came rushing over the meadows, flooding the railroad tracks and many dwelling houses. The deluge inundated rows of houses on Baltic and Arctic avenues, compelling hasty retreats to upper floors and still more hurried escapes in boats and wagons and in some instances railroad cars. It swept over the inlet district completely submerging some of the houses, overturning others, and wrecking by the score the yachts and small boats which had been moored by their owners in what they presumed were safe places.

“The water rolled in down at Longpoint on the one side from that wide expanse of water, Great Egg Harbor Bay, and on the other side from the ocean itself, spreading destruction on the peninsula from Longpoint up to Chelsea, and then, as if to unite the approaching waters, the rain began falling in torrents.

“When Tuesday morning dawned the situation was alarming in the extreme. Property owners were early afoot to see to what extent the waves and wind had damaged their holdings. Then the hotel guests appeared….They looked almost without exception the abject terror they felt…” (NYT. “Atlantic City Cut Off. Terrible Destruction by the Furious Gale,” Sep 12, 1889, p. 1.)

Sep 11: “Philadelphia, Sept. 11. – A special to the Inquirer from Laurel, Del., says: ‘Advices from the Delaware Breakwater state that it was the most furious storm known to the oldest inhabitants. At least two-score vessels are now beached. Both wooden piers were washed away. The beach from Rehoboth to Lewes is strewn with wrecks. It is thought at least fifty lives were lost. Men were seen clinging to the rigging of the fast-sinking vessels, frantically yelling for help. The life-saving crew were powerless to render assistance owing to the fury of the gale. It was a terrible sight to witness, but no human power could save them. Their bodies washed ashore this morning and were buried in the sand along the water. The loss to vessel property at the Breakwater will reach, it is thought $5,000,000….” (NYT. “At the Delaware Breakwater,” Sep 12, 1889, p. 1.)

Sep 11: “The great storm of wind and rain now sweeping with terrific force the entire Atlantic coast has already caused immense damage, with a prospect of further destruction. On the southern shore of Long Island the wind assumed the character of a cyclonic hurricane, its speed varying from thirty to sixty-five miles an hour. At Long Beach, Fire Island, Arverne, Rockaway, Point Lookout, Far Rockaway and other Summer resorts the tide rose so high that many of the hotels and cottages are in danger of being floated from their foundations, while outhouses and pavilions have already been carried away at all these points. Wide channels appear in nearly all the beaches and swift currents sweep inward to the low grounds.

“At Coney Island the reports are alarming, for the Oriental, Manhattan and Brighton Beach hotels are seriously threatened. Bulkheads are giving way under the pressure of the tremendous surf which now beats the wide stretch of sand lying between the Life-Saving Station, above the Oriental Hotel, and Norton’s Point. The flimsy structures at West Brighton will be severely damaged, as the tide flows inland and stands two to three feet deep where visitors have been accustomed to tread in safety.

“The damage on Staten Island is also very serious, while all along the Now Jersey coast, from Sandy Hook to Cape May, the same condition of affairs exists. The cliffs at Long Branch are crumbling, and the sea surges through the streets and avenues of Asbury Park, Ocean Grove and other places in that neighborhood. Atlantic City is cut off from the main land. On Long Island Sound the tide has caused havoc to the wharves at Greenwich, Stamford. Bridgeport, and towns on the Connecticut coast are overflowed and the streets flooded. New Rochelle, Willett’s Point and all the islands lying in the neck of the Sound experienced the full vigor of the storm, for the tide rose to an unprecedented height and poured immense volumes of water over what has always been considered high land. Nowhere could the storm and tide be combated, only temporary makeshifts being possible towards saving threatened property.

“ON THE NORTH RIVER. From Sixtieth street down to Liberty Island the hurricane had a complete swoop on the surface of the North River, the rapidly rising tide being whipped into angry waves. The progress of steam and sailing vessels was difficult, the latter being driven under almost bare poles to the nearest shelter, while ferry-boats were run at half speed, taking wide sweeps, in their courses in order to reach the slips. In midstream those powerful steamboats were literally tossed about on the raging water, passengers becoming frightened when they rolled in the wide troughs between the waves.

“Every dock along the river from the Battery to One Hundred and Twenty-fifth street was almost
submerged, only the newest structures escaping. Parts of West street, near Liberty, Canal and Eleventh streets, were covered one or two inches, while in the cellars the water rose several feet. Even in Washington street there were flooded cellars, causing great damage to goods stored therein. Sprays of foam were thrown over the bulkheads wherever the wind was unobstructed, and rats wore driven from the sewers. Trucks splashed through a foot of water in Vesey street, and the guests in Everett’s restaurant were driven out by a flood which was eighteen inches deep on the floor. Many of the neighboring stores were also inundated.

“At Courtlandt street a stream of vile water poured out of the culvert opening, covering the pavement to the depth of six inches with the black, ill-smelling liquid. Nearly every lunch room was vacated and thousands of dollars were lost by goods being destroyed. Washington Market escaped, but on the pier at the foot of Vesey street boxes of fruit and barrels full of vegetables floated off and went down stream.

“In the slips vessels groaned at their hawsers, as the wind howled through the rigging, and men were busy on all the piers placing perishable goods beyond the roach of the tide. The task of loading vessels was performed with great difficulty and there was a noticeable falling off in the multitude of trucks which usually occupy West street during the daylight hours.

“At the Battery the tide rose within a few inches of the stone bulkheads, the clusters of rowboats floating high above them, where the owners had failed to haul them ashore for safety. The bath-houses rocked at their moorings, the heavy timbers forming their frames groaning audibly under the pressure they were subjected to. The Staten Island and South Ferry ferryboats passed in and out of their slips with great difficulty, especially when the falling tide swept swiftly and in contrary currents through the narrow passage between Governor’s Island and Whitehall street. The Coney Island boats did not run to Bay Ridge except at long intervals. The iron steamboats stopped running entirely, owing to the high sea and the utter impossibility of making landings at the Coney Island iron piers.

“ON THE BKOOKLYN BRIDGE. An adequate idea of the terrific force of the storm which was sweeping in all its fury over the housetops of the city could only be gained on the Brooklyn Bridge. Soon after leaving the New York anchorage at Water street the full effect of the cyclone began to be felt, and, as the pedestrians ascended the steps to the central promenade, they were compelled to hold their hats on their heads, many carrying them under the arm for safety. The use of umbrellas was impossible, for as soon as spread the bearers were driven across the pathway to the southern railings. So violent was the wind that all of the heavy seats on the northern side were overturned and two of them smashed….” (The World, NYC. “Like a Tidal Wave,” Sep 11, 1889, p. 1.)

Sep 12: “Lewes, Del., Sept. 12. – The lives of fifty sturdy seamen and over a score of stanch ships have already succumbed to the fury of the most savage and disastrous storms Lewes has ever known. To-night’s casualties will most likely increase this list and add to the great woe this brutal warfare of the elements has caused.

“The names of the drowned men are not known. Most of the lives were lost at Fourteen Foot Bank and Brandywine Shoal, which are from fifteen to twenty miles up Delaware Bay. The rescued sailors from the schooner E. and L. Bryan say that just before their boat foundered they noticed three other schooners and four barges in close proximity. The big wave that swamped the Bryan visited the same destruction on the other vessels and the rescued men say that when they found themselves adrift on the wreckage not a vestige of any other vessel could be seen anywhere. They believe that these boats, with all on board, went down. If their conjectures are verified, thirty-nine sailors lost their lives at this one place—twenty-four in the three schooners and fifteen from the barges.

Went Down In Delaware Bay.
“The lost vessels are:
Kate E. Morse, schooner.
J. & L. Bryan, schooner.
Walter F. Parker, schooner,
Tonawanda, coal barge.
Wallace, coal barge.
Two Coal Barges, names unknown.

ASHORE AT LEWES BEACH.
These vessels are ashore at Lewes:
Addie B. Bacon, schooner,
Alena Covert, schooner.
Atalanta, Danish bark.
Byron M., British, schooner.
Charles P. Stickney, American schooner; a total lose.
Eliza Hooper, schooner.
Emily B. Dwyer, schooner.
Gertrude Summers, schooner.
G. F. Becker, schooner.
Glamour, bark.
Henry M. Clark, schooner.
Il Salvatore, Italian bark.
J. D. Robinson, schooner.
Major W. H. Tantum, schooner, total loss
Maud Leonard, schooner.
Mima A. Reed, schooner.
Nettie Champion, schooner.
Novena, schooner.
Carrie V. Dribke, schooner, New York for Philadelphia.
Richard J. Green, brig.
S. A. Rudolph, schooner.
T. F. Bayard, pilot-boat.
Thomas Keillor, British bark.
W. R. Grace, ship.
Two Vessels, names unknown.

MISSING AND ASHORE
“Other disasters reported are:
EBE. TUNNELL, pilot boat. Not beard from.
EDMUNDS, pilot boat. Ashore on the Jersey coast.
SARAH O. CLARK, schooner of Bridgetown, N. J.,
“Ashore at Rehoboth.
Unknown Vessel, sunk off the Brown Shoals. All the crew drowned but two.
Schooner, name unknown, foundered on the Shears Shoal.

“The crew of the tug A. L. Luckenbach, which had lain alongside of the schooner Kate E. Morse all night, succeeded this morning in taking the crew of the latter vessel, nine in number, on board, and afterwards brought them to this place. The schooner was blown on to Hawks’ Nest about 5 p. m. Monday. The crew took to the rigging, where they remained, clinging to the ropes for nearly forty hours. The men were nearly exhausted when rescued by those on the tug, and could not have lasted much longer. It was impossible for the tug to approach the stranded schooner nearer than twenty yards, and the men in the rigging were directed to jump overboard. As a man struck the water a rope would be thrown him and he would be lifted on board the tug.

“Shortly after the Morse went on the shoal a schooner, supposed to be the Walter F. Parker, also grounded within thirty yards of the Morse. She soon broke up and those on the Morse saw her crew drown one by one. The Morse is a total loss.

“Mate Otto Kaiser, of the wrecked schooner Bryan, tells a thrilling story. Monday, at 5 p.m. the Bryan met a gale twelve miles down the bay. She dragged on the Brown, a bad shoal, and there remained some hours. Suddenly she began to thump in a frightful manner and sprung a leak. The crew, too far from shore to get any but unexpected help, went up in the rigging. One after the other lost his hold, and soon the hull broke to pieces, and the mainmast fell, dragging the men down. The mate and two seamen, whose names could not be learned, were lucky enough to catch hold of a part of the wreck. This, too, soon was dashed to pieces and nothing was left the three men but a single plank during the night. One of three men lost his hold and was drowned. The two others stuck together to that piece of wood for sixteen hours, drifting clear across the bay and not being thrown ashore till yesterday morning, three miles from here. They walked to town nearly exhausted.

“No words can picture the awful aspect of the sea to-night. It rears and lashes its foam at the very gates of the city, threatening every moment to leap the sharp bluff that ban thus far brooked its terrible fury. The wind is blowing a perfect hurricane and driving the rain with terrific force. The historic flood of 1865 and the blizzard of 1888 are considered by the weatherwise mariners as mere bagatelles compared to this….” (The World, NY. “Fifty Were Drowned,” 13Sep1889)

Sep 12: “Chatham, Mass., Sept. 12. – A World reporter interviewed Capt. Mallows, from Monomy, tonight. He reports that when the weather partly cleared to-day he discovered two masts of a vessel sunk on Pollock Rip Shoal. It is impossible to ascertain what kind of a vessel it is, but it is supposed to be a large three-masted schooner, with mainmast carried away. She is supposed to have been running for Pollock Rip Lightship in the night. The weather was so think she did not make the light, but struck on the shoal instead. Probably all hands went down in her, as no boat could live in such a sea, and no vessels were passing to take them off.” (The World, NY. “Went Down on Pollock Rip,” 13Sep1889, p. 1.)

Sep 13: “Philadelphia, Sept. 13. – It is impossible at this time to give in detail the number of lives lost by the great storm in Delaware bay. But Lewes reports twelve certainly, and the crews of the St. Cloud and Casilda are supposed to be lost, which will bring the list up to twenty-two. Then the pilot boat Tunnel is missing with four pilots and eight sailors. A report from Norfolk, Va., says a vessel is ashore near Cape Henry and the life saving crew can not reach her. She is a steamer.

“Three schooners and a barge went down near the Brandywine shoals and all on board were lost, and altogether the reports from this part of the coast put the lost at thirty-nine lives. A three-masted schooner went down on Pollock Rip shoal and the crew was probably lost.

“Of vessels lost there is no way of estimating their number, owing to uncertainty of the fate of many, but there have been scores. The whole coast is strewn with wrecks. As to land property – cottages, hotels, etc. – they are also numbered by scores. Piers, breakwaters, etc., went to pieces as though they had been made of paper, and the losses must mount up into thee millions The sea made great inroads on the land, washing away acres and carrying into general ruin the beautiful cottages built at the summer resorts.

“At Long Brach three cottages went into the surf whose value was at least $100,000, and for miles up the coast the destruction is terrible. A number of dead bodies floating in the surf are indicative of marine disaster.

“The storm is slowly abating now, and the beleaguered guests at the watering places are leaving by thousands.” (Bloomington Daily Leader, IN. “Loss of Life At Sea.” 9-13-1889, p. 1.)

Sep 14: “….Late yesterday evening Life Saving Station No. 1 reported that two men belonging to the pilot boat A. M. Lawrence, No. 4 were drowned yesterday morning just outside of the bar. The men were about to board a vessel. A big wave struck their yawl and capsized it. An oar from the yawl was found on the beach yesterday….” (The World, NY. “Lashed to Her Children,” Sep 14, 1889, p. 1.) [A Sep 15 article notes: “At the office of the Pilot Commissioners the report that two pilots were drowned and several boats were missing was denied. The clerk in charge said that there was no reason to suppose that the pilot fleet had suffered any loss in the storm, and all the boats about which there was anxiety had been heard from.” (New York Tribune. “Vessels That Fought With The Storm.” 9-15-1889, p. 1.)

Dec 28: “September…10-12. Great damage along the New Jersey coast by high seas. Many lives lost and great damage sustained by shipping; 40 lives lost at Delaware Breakwater alone.” (Logansport Daily Pharos, IN. “It is Recorded…Chronology of…1889.” 12-28-1889, p. 2.)

Sources

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Chatham Gables Inn. “Enjoy a Day of Fun at Monomoy Island in Cape Cod!” Accessed 8-13-2022 at: https://chathamgablesinn.com/blog/monomoy-island/

Delaware online. “Hurricanes in Delaware: Some of the worst storms to hit the state.” 9-15-2018. Accessed 8-13-2022 at: https://www.delawareonline.com/picture-gallery/news/local/2018/09/15/hurricanes-delaware-worst-storms-state-history/1302746002/

Dunn, Gordon E. and Banner I. Miller. Atlantic Hurricanes (Revised Edition). Baton Rouge LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1964, 377 pages.

Fort Wayne Gazette, IN. “Storm Echoes.” 9-14-1889, p. 1. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=42899410

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National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office, Philadelphia/Mount Holly. “Historical Weather Facts for the Philadelphia/Mt. Holly, NJ Forecast Area.” Mount Holly, NJ: NWS FO, Oct 17, 2005 update. Accessed 1-4-2018 at: https://www.weather.gov/phi/hist_phi

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The Times, Philadelphia. “Number of Wrecks Increasing.” 9-15-1889, p. 1. Accessed 8-13-2022 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/philadelphia-times-sep-15-1889-p-1/

The World, NYC. “Fifty Were Drowned; Hardy Seamen and Stanch Ships Went Down in the Awful Gale That Still Continues; Over Forty Wrecks at Lewes.” 9-13-1889. p. 1. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=137326930

The World, NYC. “Lashed to Her Children,” Sep 14, 1889, p. 1. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=137326940

The World, NYC. “Like a Tidal Wave, A Destructive Storm Sweeping Along the Coast from Connecticut to Delaware.” Sep 11, 1889, p. 1. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=141475409

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United States Signal Service. Monthly Weather Review. Vol. XVII, No. 9, September 1889. Accessed 8-13-2022 at: https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/1889.pdf