1893 — Cerebrospinal Meningitis Epidemic, New York City, NY –469-489

— 489 Rosner. Hives of Sickness: Public Health and Epidemics in New York City. 1991, p. 31.
— 469 Billings. “Cerebrospinal Meningitis in New York City During 1904 and 1905.” JAMA.
— 469 Darlington. “Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis.” Transactions [ACA] 1906 (Vol. 22). 1906, 56.

Narrative Information

Billings: “During the past forty years there have been four outbreaks of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in New York City. The first and, up to that of 1904 and 1905, the most severe epidemic was in 1872, when there were 782 deaths—a death rate of 8.70 per 10,000. In 1881 and 1893 the outbreaks were not so severe; the number of deaths were, respectively, 461 and 469, and the death rates 3.70 and 2.67. The latest epidemic, the severest in the history of the city, began in the early months of 1904 and continued through 1905. During 1904 there were 1,083 deaths and a death rate of 4.6; during 1905, 1,511 deaths and a death rate of 6.3.” (Billings. “Cerebrospinal Meningitis in [NYC] During 1904 and 1905.” JAMA, Vol. XLVI, No. 22, 6-2-1906, pp. 1670-1676, abstract.)

Darlington: “During the past forty years there have been four outbreaks of epidemic cerebro-spinal meningitis in New York City. The first, and up to that of 1904 and 1905 the most severe, was in 1872, where there were 782 deaths – a death rate of 8.70. In 1881 and 1893 the outbreaks were not so severe, the number of deaths being respectively 461 and 469, and the death rates 3.70 and 2.67. The latest epidemic, the severest in the history of the city, began in the early months of 1904, and continued through 1905. During 1904 there were 1,083 deaths, a death rate of 4.6; during 1905, 1,511 deaths – a death-rate of 6.3.” (Darlington, Thomas. “Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis.” Transactions…American Climatological Assoc. …1906 (V22). 1906, p. 56.)

Sources

Billings, J. S. Jr. “Cerebrospinal Meningitis in New York City During 1904 and 1905.” JAMA, Vol. XLVI, No. 22, 6-2-1906, pp. 1670-1676. Abstract accessed 5-15-2013 at: http://jama.jamanetwork.com/mobile/article.aspx?articleid=458278

Darlington, Thomas. “Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis.” Transactions of the American Climatological Association for the Year 1906 (Vol. 22). Philadelphia: for the Association, 1906, pp. 56-70. Google digitized: http://books.google.com/books?id=9gc8AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Rosner, David (Ed.). Hives of Sickness: Public Health and Epidemics in New York City. Rutgers University Press, 1991, 236 pages. Partially digitized by Google. Accessed 3-29-2018 at: http://books.google.com/books?id=o34QxI6lHwAC&pg=PA70&dq=1916+Polio+Epidemic&ei=Cy5DSZWvMIXAMpqalOYN#PPP7,M1