1898 — Typhoid, esp. June-Dec, Spanish War Army camps and civilians, esp. Philly–>4,627
Compiled by Wayne Blanchard Jan 3, 2024 for upload to: http://www.usdeadlyevents.com/
— >4,627 Blanchard tally of military and civilian typhoid deaths noted below.*
— 1,900 Military[1]
— 2,192 Kuhns, et al. “Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fevers.” Chapter XXII in Preventive Med.
— 1,900 Reed, et al. Report…Typhoid Fever in…U.S. Military Camps…(Vol. 1), 1904.[2]
— 1,580 Reed, et al. Report…Typhoid Fever in…U.S. Military Camps…(Vol. 1), 1904, 674.[3]
–>1,500 PBS, The Great Fever. “People & Events. Infection in Camps.” 9-29-2006.[4]
— 3 Military, Regular
— 1 Jan. Reed, et al. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, p. 659.
— 1 Feb. Reed, et al. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, p. 659.
— 1 Apr. Reed, et al. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, p. 659.
— 2,724 Civilian A minimum. Have not conducted concerted search for civilian deaths.
* There were many other typhoid deaths, military and civilian. If our counting of deaths the Walter Reed et al report on typhoid fever in military camps is accurate, there were 1,918 deaths classified as typhoid fever. Their report notes, however, that the disease was often misdiagnosed as malaria or malarial fever and thus their reporting would not capture all typhoid deaths. Additionally, as they cautioned readers, there were reasons to suspect there were other military typhoid deaths – particularly amongst the large number sent from their camps to military or civilian hospitals or to home (sick) with no notation as to the ultimate fate of these individuals.
The civilian typhoid death statistics we have located are, we believe, the tip of the iceberg. We have little State data (Michigan, for example, with 572). We do not view Michigan as an outlier. Note our more extensive, though incomplete, data on Pennsylvania. Our search of newspaper archives covers only the first three weeks of January (to establish a basis of the early and endemic nature of the disease over much of the country) and for a few other isolated dates. We suspect that if a more diligent search of just newspaper archives were made hundreds of additional deaths attributed to typhoid fever would be found.
By way of context, where national mortality data is available, as in 1897, there were 9,192 deaths recorded. From June 1889 to May 1890 27,058 typhoid (enteric fever) deaths were reported. In 1900 there were 35,379 reported typhoid fever deaths (See our Chronology and Typology docs.)
Summary of State Breakouts
Alabama (military) ( 48) 18 AL regimental and 30 other soldiers regardless of State
Arizona (military ( 3)
Arkansas (military) ( 39) 36 AR regimental and 3 other soldiers regardless of State
Colorado (civilian) ( 20) July 1-Oct 25
Connecticut (365) 333 civilian and 32 military
Delaware ( 9) 6 First DE Vol. Infantry, 3rd Brigade, 2nd Div., and 3 civilians
District of Columbia (182) District of Columbia Health Officer report
Florida ( 37) Military; troop deaths regardless of originating State.
Georgia (739) 716 military and 23 civilian.
Idaho ( 1)
Illinois (131) 117 IL military, 11 other military, and 3 civilians.
Indiana (141) 55 IN military, 11 other military, and 75 civilians.
Iowa (145) 119 IA military, 21 other military, and 5 civilians.
Kansas ( 33) Military. 21st KS Vol. Inf./21, 22nd. KS Vol. Inf./11, 1st KS Inf./1.
Kentucky ( 78) 57 KY military, 66 other military in KY and 7 civilians.
Louisiana ( 22) 19 LA military and 3 other military in LA.
Maine ( 76) 45 ME military and 31 other military in ME.
Maryland (232) 24 MD military, 8 other military and over 200 Baltimore civilians.
Massachusetts ( 75) 34 MA military, 1 other military in MA.
Michigan (676) 96 MI military, 8 other military in MI and 572 civilians.
Minnesota ( 56) 46 MN military, 9 other military in MN and 1 civilian.
Missouri (214) 93 MO military, 14 other military and 107 civilians (95 St. Louis)
Nebraska ( 65) 49 NE military and 16 other military in NE.
New Hampshire ( 44) 40 NH military and 14 other military in NH.
New Jersey ( 40) 37 NJ military and 3 other military in NJ.
New York (539) 256 NY military, 178 other military and 105 civilians (Buffalo/98).
North Carolina ( 16) Military
Ohio (219) 137 OH mil., 25 other mil. in OH and 57 civilians (33 / Columbus)
Pennsylvania (1,167) 169 PA mil., 40 other mil. in PA and 958 civs. (600+ Philadelphia)
Rhode Island ( 12) 10 RI First RI Vol. Inf., 3td Brigade, 2nd Div., and 2 civilians.
South Carolina ( 29) 10 SC military, 16 other military in SC and 3 civilians.
Tennessee ( 72) 21 TN military and 51 other military in TN.
Texas ( 34) 16 TX military, 3 other military in TX and 15 civilian (14 Dallas)
Vermont ( 38) 22 VT military, 15 other military in VT and 1 civilian.
Virginia (139) 60 VA military and 79 other military dying in VA.
West Virginia ( 28) 27 WV military and 1 other miliary dying in WV.
Wisconsin (104) 100 WI military, 2 other military dying in WI, and 4 civilians.
Other Military Units ( 42) 2nd, 3rd and 5th U.S. Cavalry units.
Puerto Rico (525) 109 US troops in PR camps; 416 civilians.
Breakout of Typhoid Fever Fatalities by State and Locality (where noted):
Alabama (Military) (18 / 30) 1st number is AL Regimental deaths; 2nd is mil. deaths in AL.
–10 1st AL, 7th Army Corps, Jacksonville, FL. Reed. Report…Typhoid…(V1), 1904, p.519.
— 8 2nd AL Vol. Inf., 7th Army, Jacksonville, FL. Reed. Report…Typhoid…V1, 1904, 519.[5]
— 1 Anniston,[6] Sep 7. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 163.
— 1 “ Sep 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 163.
— 1 “ Sep 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 163.
— 1 “ Sep 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 163.
— 1 “ Sep 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 163.
— 1 “ Sep 24. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 163.
— 1 “ Sep 28. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 163.
— 1 “ Sep 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 239.
— 1 “ Oct 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 185.
— 1 “ Oct 11. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 185.
— 1 “ Jan 2, 1899. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 282.
— 1 Birmingham, Oct 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 523.
— 1 Cootspa Aug 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 263.
— 1 Florence, Sep 19. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 523.
— 1 Huntsville,[7] July 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 490.
— 1 “ Aug 24. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 500.
— 1 “ Aug 29. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 496.
— 1 “ Sep 4. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 274.
— 1 “ Sep 7. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 274.
— 2 “ Sep 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 173, 246.
— 1 “ Sep 12.[8] Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 246.
— 1 “ Sep 15. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 494.
— 1 “ Sep 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 274.
— 1 “ Sep 17. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 246.
— 3 “ Sep 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 246, 496.
— 1 “ Sep 24. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 496.
— 1 “ Sep 25. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 246.
— 1 “ Sep 26. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 246.
— 2 “ Oct 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 246, 494.
— 2 “ Oct 27. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 246.
— 1 “ Nov 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 246.
— 1 “ Nov 13. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 246.
— 1 “ Nov 14. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 246.
— 1 “ Nov 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 246.
— 1 “ Nov 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 246.
— 1 Larkinsville, Aug 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 525.
— 1 Mobile, June 9. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 523.
— 1 “ near, June 24. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 529.
— 1 “ June 27. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 523.
— 1 Montgomery, Oct 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 525.
— 1 Opelika Sep 24. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 523.
Arizona ( 3)
–3 Whipple Barracks.[9] Williamsburg Journal, IA. “Typhoid…Epidemic.” 10-21-1898, 6.[10]
Arkansas (Military) (36 / 3) 1st number is AR military; 2nd is other mil. dying in AR.
—>19 First Arkansas Vol. Inf., 1st Brigade, 2nd Div., 3rd Army. Reed 1904, 224-227, 266.[11]
— 17 Second Arkansas Vol. Infantry, Second Brigade, Second Div., 3rd Army. Reed 1904, 233.
— 1 near Salem, Sep 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 239.
— 1 Walnut Ridge, Dec 7. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 239.
— 1 Place not noted, Sep 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 239.
Colorado (Civilian) (20)
— 20 Denver, July 1-Oct 25. CO Med. Jour., “Dr. Hughes Feels Hurt,” V4, N11, Nov 1898, 428.
Connecticut (Civilian) (333)
–333 “Typhoid Fever in [NY]…1898.” Medical Review of Reviews, V5/N5, 5-25-1899, 376.[12]
Connecticut (Military) ( 32)
–19 First Connecticut Vol. Infantry, First Div., Second Army Corps. Reed 1904, 336.[13]
–13 Third Connecticut Vol. Inf., 2nd Brigade, 1st Div., 2nd Army, Camp Meade, PA. Reed, 406.
Delaware ( 9)
–6 First Delaware Vol. Inf., 3rd Brigade, 2nd Div., 2nd Army Corps, Camp Meade, PA. Reed 469
Civilians:
–2 Rising Sun, summer. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 470.
–1 Wilmington, June 4. (Estella Leona Tyson.) Laura’s Lineal and Collateral Ascent (website)
District of Columbia (182)
— 182, year. District of Columbia Health Officer. Report of…Annual Rpt. V. III. 1907, p. 219.
Florida (Military) (0 / 37) Military typhoid deaths in Florida military camps.
— 1 Camp Cuba Libre, Aug 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 529.
— 1 “ Aug 24. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 525.
— 1 “ Oct 12. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 529.
— 1 “ Nov 11. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 526.
— 1 Fernandina, July 31. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 182.
— 1 “ Aug 2. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 246.
— 1 “ Aug 4. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 494.
— 2 “ Aug 7. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 182, 498.
— 1 “ Aug 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 494.
— 1 “ Aug 11. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 246.
— 2 “ Aug 15. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 492, 498.
— 1 “ Aug 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 486.
— 1 “ Aug 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 182.
— 3 “ Aug 19. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 182, 492.
— 2 “ Aug 20. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 490, 492.
— 1 “ Aug 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 498.
— 1 “ Aug 25. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 182.
— 1 “ Aug 26. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 498.
— 2 “ Aug 27. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 492, 494.
— 1 “ Aug 28. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 486.
— 2 “ Aug 29. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 246, 492.
— 1 “ Aug 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 492.
— 1 “ Aug 31. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 182.
— 1 “ Sep 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 182.
— 1 “ Sep 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 182.
— 2 “ Sep 7. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 182, 494.
— 1 “ Sep 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 498.
— 1 “ Sep 9. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 182.
— 1 “ Sep 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 494.
— 3 Jacksonville, July. 2nd IL Vol. Inf., 1st Brigade, 2nd Div., 7th Army Corps. Reed 1904, 548.
–~8 “ Jul-Oct. 1st NC Vol. Inf., 1st Brigade, 2nd Div. 7th Army Corps. Reed 1904, 556.
— 2 “ Aug. 2nd IL Vol. Inf., 1st Brigade, 2nd Div., 7th Army Corps. Reed 1904, 548.
— 1 “ Aug 19. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 525.
— 1 “ Aug 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 525.
— 1 “ Aug 28. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 523.
— 1 “ Aug 31. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 526.
–10 “ Sep. 2nd IL Vol. Inf., 1st Brigade, 2nd Div., 7th Army Corps. Reed 1904, 548.
— 1 “ Sep 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 526.
— 2 “ Sep 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 525, 527.
— 1 “ Sep 20. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 526.
— 1 “ Sep 25. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 529.
— 1 “ Sep 29. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 530.
— 1 “ Oct 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 529.
— 1 “ Oct 2. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 526.
— 1 “ Oct 7. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 530.
— 1 “ Oct 12. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 527.
— 1 “ Oct 17. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 527.
— 1 “ Oct 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 529.
— 1 “ Oct 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 529.
— 1 Lakeland Aug 25. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 274.
— 1 “ Aug 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 274.
— 1 “ Sep 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 274.
— 2 Miami July 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 527.
— 1 “ July 19. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 527.
— 1 “ July 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 527.
— 2 “ July 24. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 526, 530.
— 1 “ Aug 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 530.
— 1 “ Aug 11. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 530.
— 1 “ Aug 12. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 530.
— 1 “ Aug 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 523, 526.
— 1 “ Aug 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 523.
— 1 “ Aug 28. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 523.
— 1 Pablo Beach, Sep 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 527.
— 1 Port Tampa, July 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 490.
— 1 “ July 20. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 492.
— 1 St. Petersburg, Aug 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 65.
— 1 Tampa, July 12. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 500.
— 1 “ July 14. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 246.
— 2 “ July 29.[14] Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 246, 492.
— 1 “ Aug 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 173.
— 1 “ Aug 12. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 500.
— 2 “ Aug 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 500.
— 1 “ Aug 17. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 496.
— 1 “ Aug 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 173.
— 1 “ hosp. train/Aug 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 492.
— 1 Tampa Heights, Aug 21.Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 173.
— 1 West Tampa, Aug 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 173.
Georgia (Military) (23 and 716)[15]
— 9 First Georgia Volunteer Infantry, First Brigade, Second Div., First Army Corps. Reed, 61.
–13 Second Georgia Volunteer Infantry, Fourth Army. Reed 1904, pp. 494-496.[16]
— 1 Batteries A, B, Georgia, Light Artillery Brigade, First Army Corps. Reed 1904, p. 277.
— 1 Atlanta, Aug 9. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 182.
— 1 “ Sep 28. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 173.
— 1 Augusta, Nov 11. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 496.
–1 Chickamauga,[17] May 24. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 74.
–1 “ June 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 490.
–1 “ June 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 225.
–2 “ June 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 121, 225.
–3 “ June 26. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…(V1), 1904, 26, 148, 263.
–2 “ June 27. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 113, 263.
–1 “ June 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 239.
–1 “ July 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 203.
–1 “ July 2. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 156.
–3 “ July 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…(V1), 1904, 239, 250, 263.
–1 “ July 4. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 263.
–1 “ July 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 163.
–2 “ July 7. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 113, 282.
–2 “ July 9. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 224, 257.
–2 “ July 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 221, 263.
–4 “ July 11. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…(V1), 1904, 8, 41, 148, 156.
–1 “ July 12. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 191.
–1 “ July 13. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 10.
–1 “ July 15. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 215.
–4 “ July 17. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…(V1), 1904, 38, 51, 134, 148.
–1 “ July 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 128.
–1 “ July 19. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 144.
–3 “ July 20. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…V1, 1904, 26, 233, 250.
–3 “ July 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…V1, 1904, 20, 61, 225.
–3 “ July 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…V1, 1904, 134, 221, 239.
–2 “ July 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…V1, 1904, 30, 41.
–2 “ July 25. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 191, 270.
–3 “ July 26. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…(V1), 1904, 61, 148, 272.
–2 “ July 27. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 38, 156.
–3 “ July 28. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…V1, 1904, 148, 263, 272.
–4 “ July 29. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…V1, 1904, 28, 144, 191, 233.
–4 “ July 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…V1, 1904, 103, 156, 215, 250.
–3 “ July 31. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…V1, 1904, 134, 153, 239.
–1 “ Aug. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 263.
–5 “ Aug 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…V1, 1904, 156, 185, 272, 282.
–5 “ Aug 2. Reed. Report…Typhoid…US Mil…V1, 1904, 38, 128, 134, 220-21.
–4 “ Aug 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…V1, 1904, 134, 153, 250.
–5 “ Aug 4. Reed. Report…Typhoid…Mil.…V1, 1904, 128, 250, 257, 263, 272.
–2 “ Aug 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 65, 250.
–3 “ Aug 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…(V1), 1904, 26, 148, 270.
–3 “ Aug 7. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…(V1), 1904, 128, 215, 257.
–4 “ Aug 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…(V1), 1904, 94, 96, 153, 177.
–8 “ Aug 9. Reed. Rpt.…Typhoid…V1, 1904, 41, 156, 185, 191. 233, 257, 270.
–3 “ Aug 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 94, 156.
–2 “ Aug 11. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 121, 148.
–4 “ Aug 12. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…V1, 1904, 113, 134, 153, 156.
–3 “ Aug 13. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…V1, 1904, 168, 203, 250.
–1 “ Aug 14. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 239.
–5 “ Aug 15. Reed. Report…Typhoid…Mil.…V1, 1904, 148, 163, 168, 263, 272.
–3 “ Aug 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…(V1), 1904, 168, 215, 239.
–8 “ Aug 17. Reed. Rpt.…Typhoid…V1, 1904, 65, 134, 153, 203, 233, 263, 282.
–5 “ Aug 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…Mil.…(V1), 1904, 113, 250, 270, 272.
–7 “ Aug 19. Reed. Report…Typhoid…V1, 20, 121, 134, 153, 215, 239, 257.
–4 “ Aug 20. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…V1, 1904, 41, 148, 250, 272.
–5 “ Aug 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…Mil.…V1, 1904, 153, 203, 233, 250, 263.
–6 “ Aug 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…Mil.…V1, 1904, 134, 145, 156, 257, 282.
–3 “ Aug 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…(V1), 1904, 153, 203, 221.
–7 “ Aug 24. Reed. Report…Typhoid…Mil.…(V1), 1904, 153, 203, 257, 270.
–9 “ Aug 25. Reed. Report…Typhoid…V1, 1904, 113, 134, 153, 220, 239, 263.
–7 “ Aug 26. Reed. Report…Typhoid…Mil.…V1, 1904, 74, 128, 220, 270, 282.
–3 “ Aug 27. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…V1, 1904, 26, 215, 282.
–2 “ Aug 28. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 113, 148.
–8 “ Aug 29. Reed. Report…Typhoid…V1, 1904, 87, 215, 220, 221, 226, 239.
–5 “ Aug 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…Mil.…V1, 1904, 74, 113, 168, 203, 227.
–9 “ Aug 31. Reed. …Typhoid…V1, 1904, 103, 113, 144, 148, 156, 168, 282.
–1 “ Sep Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 51.
–3 “ Sep 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…(V1), 1904, 128, 221, 239.
–3 “ Sep 2. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil….(V1), 1904, 65, 257, 282.
–7 “ Sep 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…V1, 128, 148, 163, 203, 221, 226, 263
–5 “ Sep 4. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…V1, 1904, 128, 148, 214, 221.
–5 “ Sep 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…Mil.…V1, 1904, 61, 134, 203, 270, 278.
–4 “ Sep 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…V1, 1904, 214, 239, 250, 282.
–4 “ Sep 7. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…V1, 1904, 87, 103, 153, 215.
–4 “ Sep 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…V1, 1904, 94, 177, 220, 282.
–3 “ Sep 9. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 121, 156.
–3 “ Sep 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 134, 270.
–1 “ Sep 12. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 203.
–1 “ Sep 13. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 113.
–2 “ Sep 14. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 168, 221.
–1 “ Sep 15. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 163.
–1 “ Sep 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 51.
–4 “ Sep 17. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…(V1), 1904, 163, 177, 282.
–1 “ Sep 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 239.
–1 “ Sep 19. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 227.
–1 “ Sep 20. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 148.
–1 “ Sep 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 185.
–1 “ Sep 24. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 203.
–1 “ Sep 25. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 163.
–2 “ Sep 26. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 203, 215.
–2 “ Sep 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 163, 282.
–1 “ Oct 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 96.
–1 “ Oct 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 185.
–1 “ Oct 9. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 221.
–1 “ Oct 17. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 221.
–1 “ Oct 20. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 270.
–1 “ Oct 27. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 163.
–1 “ Oct 31. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 96.
–1 “ Nov 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 282.
–1 “ Nov 4. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 282.
–1 “ Nov 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 96.
–1 Columbus, Dec 4. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 56.
–1 First GA Div. hosp., Oct 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 61.
–1 Fort McPherson,[18] July 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 496.
–1 “ July 19. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 182.
–1 “ July 20. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 498.
–2 “ July 25. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 215, 257.
–2 “ July 26. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 263, 500.
–2 “ July 29. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 257, 496.
–1 “ Aug 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 220.
–1 “ Aug 2. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 191.
–1 “ Aug 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 144.
–1 “ Aug 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 490.
–2 “ Aug 9. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 182, 220.
–1 “ Aug 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 182.
–2 “ Aug 11. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 28, 214.
–2 “ Aug 12. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 191, 494.
–1 “ Aug 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 182.
–2 “ Aug 19. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 239, 246.
–3 “ Aug 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…(V1), 1904, 182, 494, 500.
–1 “ Aug 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 500.
–1 “ Aug 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 500.
–2 “ Aug 25. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 61.
–2 “ Aug 26. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 173, 500.
–1 “ Aug 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 182.
–1 “ Aug 31. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 494.
–1 “ Sep 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 173.
–1 “ Sep 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 498.
–1 “ Sep 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 494.
–1 “ Oct 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 182.
–1 “ Jan 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 494.
–1 “ Jan 9, 1899. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 282.
–1 Greens Cut, Oct 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 496.
–1 Lytle, July 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 203.
–1 Savannah, Apr 16, 1899. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 527.
Idaho ( 1)
— 1 Not noted, Jan 5. Boston Daily Globe. “Death of William S. Currier in Idaho.” 1-8-1898, 19
Illinois (Civilian) ( 3)
— 1 Atwood, ~Jan 2. Decatur Herald Dispatch, IL. “Atwood.” 1-8-1898, p. 8.
— 1 Collinsville. Jan 18. Edwardsville Intelligencer, IL. “Collinsville.” 1-21-1898, p. 8, c.3.
— 1 Morganville, Jan 9. Daily Review, Decatur, IL. “Blue Mound.” 1-11-1898, p. 1.
Illinois (Military) (117 / 11) 1st number is IL mil. typhoid deaths; 2nd is mil. deaths in IL.
–16 First Illinois Vol. Cavalry. Reed. Report…Typhoid…Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 272.[19]
–18 Second Illinois Vol. Inf., 1st Brigade, 2nd Div., 7th Army Corps. Reed 1904, 539, 548.[20]
–25 Third Illinois Volunteer Infantry, Second Brigade, First Div., First Army Corps. Reed, 26.
–20 Fourth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, Third Div., Seventh Army Corps. Reed 1904, 637.
— 8 Fifth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, First Brigade, First Div., First Army Corps. Reed, 17.
— 8 Sixth Illinois Vol. Infantry, 2nd Brigade, 1st Div., 2nd Army Corps. Reed 1904, 321.
— 2 Seventh Illinois Vol. Infantry, 2nd Brigade, 2nd Div., 2nd Army Corps. Reed 1904, 350.[21]
–18 Ninth Illinois Vol. Inf., 2nd Brigade, 2nd Div., 7th Army Corps. Reed 1904, 567, 571.[22]
— 2 Battery A, Illinois, Light Artillery Brigade, First Army Corps. Reed 1904, p. 277.
— 1 Chicago, July 19. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 96.
— 1 “ Sep 7. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 257.
— 1 “ Oct 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 96.
— 1 “ Nov 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 272.
— 1 “ Mercy Hosp., Nov 15. Reed. Report…Typhoid…US Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 26.
— 1 “ Nov 25. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 26.
— 1 “ Dec 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 26.
— 1 Fort Sheridan, Aug 27. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 272.
— 1 “ Sep 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 272.
— 1 “ Sep 4. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 272.
— 1 Lacon, Sep 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 272.
Location not noted:
— 1 June 26, 1st IL Cavalry (Pvt. Oden). Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…(V1), 1904, 272.
— 1 July 5, 1st IL Cavalry (Sgt. Triplett). Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…(V1), 1904, 272.
— 1 Aug 14, 3rd IL Vol. Inf. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 26.
Indiana (Civilian) ( 75)
— 1 Borden, Jan 19. Jeffersonville News, IN. “Died of Typhoid Fever.” 1-22-1898, 2.[23]
— 1 Fort Wayne, Jan 13. Fort Wayne Daily Gazette, IN. “Death of a Singer.” 1-14-1898, 8.
— 2 “ Jan 10-16. Fort Wayne Sentinel, IN. “The Week’s Dead.” 1-17-1898, p. 9.[24]
–64 Indianapolis, year. Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio River Basin…Erie, PA. P.56.[25]
— 1 Lebanon, Jan 10. Lebanon Pioneer, IN. (May Cox). 1-13-1898, p. 4, col. 2.
— 1 Logansport, Jan 1. Logansport…Reporter, IN. “The Death Summons.” 1-3-1898, p. 8.
— 1 Peru, ~Jan 19. Poseyville News, IN. “Expert Bareback Rider Dead.” 1-21-1898, p. 7, col. 1.
— 1 St. Joe Twp., Jan 8. Fort Wayne News, IN. 1-10-1898, p. 5.
— 3 West Lebanon. Goshen Daily News, IN. “Started at a Wedding.” 10-28-1898, p4.[26]
Indiana (Military) (55 / 11) 1st number is IN mil. and 2nd number is other mil. dying in IN.
— 1 Twenty-Eighth Indiana Battery, Light Artillery Brigade, 1st Army Corps. Reed 1904, 277.
–14 One Hundred Fifty-Seventy Indiana Vol. Infantry, 4th Army. Reed 1904, 491-492.[27]
–10 One Hundred Fifty-Eighth Indiana Vol. Infantry, 2nd Brigade, 2nd Div., 1st Army. Reed, 65.
— 8 One Hundred Fifty-Ninth Indiana Vol. Inf., 1st Brigade, 2nd Div., 2nd Army. Reed 347.[28]
— 8 One Hundred Sixtieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, 1st Brigade, 2nd Div., 1st Army. Reed, 56.
–14 One Hundred Sixty-First Indiana Vol. Inf., 7th Army Corps. Reed 1904, 637.
— 1 Angola, Sep 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 492.
— 1 Athens, Oct 29. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 65.
— 1 Camp Mount,[29] Aug ? Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 65.
— 2 “ Sep 19. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 65, 492.
— 1 “ Oct 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 65.
— 1 “ Oct 20. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 65.
— 1 Indianapolis, Sep 2. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 492.
— 1 “ Sep 17. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 500.
— 1 Valparaiso, Sep 24. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 272.
— 1 (soldier’s home), Sep 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 65.
Place Not Noted:
–1 Nov 9, 160th IN Div. hosp. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 56.
Iowa (Civilian) ( 5)
— 3 Forest City, ~Jan 1. Upper Des Moines, Algona, IA. “Semi-Local News Notes.” 1-5-1898, 1
— 1 near Oakville. Burlington Hawk Eye, IA. “New London [Calhoun].” 1-18-1898, p. 6.
— 1 near Postville, Jan 18. Postville Review. IA. (William Kampka). 1-21-1898, p. 3, col. 2.
Iowa (Military) (119 / 21)[30]
–50 Forty-Ninth Iowa Vol. Inf., 3rd Brigade, 2nd Div., 7th Army Corps. Reed 1904, 599, 604.[31]
–33 Fiftieth Iowa Vol. Inf., 2nd Brigade, 2nd Div., 7th Army Corps. Reed 1904, 559, 565.[32]
–36 Fifty-Second Iowa Vol. Inf., 3rd Brigade, 2nd Div., 3rd Army Corps. Reed 1904, 257.[33]
— 1 Algona, Aug 27. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 257.
— 1 Boone, Sep 17. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 257.
— 1 “ Sep 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 257.
— 1 Camp McKinley, Sep 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 257.
— 2 “ Sep 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 257.
— 1 “ Sep 25. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 257.
— 1 “ Sep 29. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 257.
— 1 Centerville, Oct. 14. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 257.
— 1 Des Moines, Sep 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 257.
— 1 “ Sep 11. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 257.
— 1 Emmetsburg, Sep 13. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 257.
— 1 Fort Dodge, Aug 26. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 257.
— 2 “ Sep 2. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 257.
— 1 “ Sep 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 257.
— 1 Jefferson, Aug 28. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 257.
— 1 Jewell, Sep 7. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 257.
— 1 Larchwood, Sep 19. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 257.
— 1 Sioux City, Oct 4. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 257.
— 1 Not noted, Pvt Clinton McDowell, Aug 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…(V1), 1904, 257.
Kansas (Military) (32 / 1)[34]
–21 Twenty-First Kansas Vol. Infantry, Second Brigade, Third Div., First Army. Reed, 134.
–11 Twenty-Second Kansas Vol. Infantry, First Brigade, Second Div., 2nd Army. Reed 344.[35]
— 1 Quinten, Sep 24. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 134.
— 1 Sgt. Alvin Miller, First Kansas Infantry – date and location not noted. Reed 1904, 134.
Kentucky (Civilian) ( 7)
— 1 Bernstadt, Feb 18, Jacob Geiser. Laurel County Hist. Soc. “Laurel County Deaths 1898.”[36]
— 1 Jackson Co., May 11, Marida Bowman. “ “Laurel County Deaths 1898.”
— 1 Laurel County, May 25, Johnnie Bustle. “ “Laurel County Deaths 1898.”
— 1 Laurel County, Sep 28, George Jones. “ “Laurel County Deaths 1898.”
— 1 Laurel County, Nov 18, William Dixon. “ “Laurel County Deaths 1898.”
— 1 Laurel County, Dec 9, Samuel Doughty. “ “Laurel County Deaths 1898.”
— 1 Lily, Laurel County, Aug 19, Annie Berger. “ “Laurel Country Deaths 1898.”
Kentucky (Military) (57 / 66)[37]
–18 First Kentucky Volunteer Infantry, First Brigade, First Div., First Army Corps. Reed, 8.
–28 Second Kentucky Vol. Infantry, First Brigade, Second Div., Third Army. Reed, 1904, 215.
–11 Third Kentucky Volunteer Infantry, Third Brigade, First Div., First Army Corps. Reed, 41.
— 1 Bryantsville, Oct. 17. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 214.
— 1 Camp Hamilton,[38] Aug 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 41.
— 1 “ Aug 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 121.
— 1 “ Sep 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 156.
— 1 “ Sep 7. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 144.
— 2 “ Sep 9. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 134. 145.
— 1 “ Sep 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 121.
— 1 “ Sep 14. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 134.
— 1 “ Sep 15. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 148.
— 2 “ Sep 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 56, 134.
— 1 “ Sep 17. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 128.
— 1 “ Sep 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 113.
— 3 “ Sep 19. Reed. Report…Typhoid… Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 121, 128, 144.
— 1 “ Sep 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 144.
— 2 “ Sep 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 41, 128.
— 1 “ Sep 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 214.
— 1 “ Sep 24. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 128.
— 1 “ Sep 26. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 144.
— 1 “ Sep 28. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 128.
— 2 “ Sep 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 128, 214.
— 1 “ Oct 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 144.
— 2 “ Oct 9. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 56, 144.
— 1 “ Oct 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 128.
— 2 “ Oct 13. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 56.
— 2 “ Oct 20. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 41, 128.
— 1 “ Nov 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 56.
— 1 Flemingsburg, Sep 12. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 214.
— 1 Fort Thomas,[39] Jun 14. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 38.
— 1 “ July 11. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 121.
— 1 “ July 13. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 153.
— 1 “ July 25. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 496.
— 1 “ July 29. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 173.
— 1 “ July 31. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 492.
— 1 “ Aug 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 496.
— 1 “ Aug 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 496.
— 1 “ Aug 4. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 153.
— 1 “ Aug 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 486.
— 1 “ Aug 28. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 500.
— 1 “ Sep 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 498.
— 1 “ Sep 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 498.
— 1 “ Sep 25. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 221.
— 1 “ Nov 7. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 56.
— 1 “ Dec 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 282.
— 1 Frankfort, Aug 15. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 214.
— 1 Harrodsburg, Oct. 12. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 214.
— 1 Lancaster, Aug 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 215.
— 1 Lawrenceburg, Aug 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 215.
— 1 Lexington, July 28. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 214.
— 1 “ Sep 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 128.
— 1 “ St. Joseph’s hosp. Sep 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…Camps…(V1), 1904, 113.
— 1 “ “ Sep 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 220.
— 1 “ Oct 11. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 215.
— 1 Louisville, Jan 21, 1899. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 8.
— 1 Newport, July 26. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 246.
— 1 “ Aug 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 214.
— 1 “ Aug 26. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 215.
— 1 Pleasant Hill, Aug 11. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 214.
Place Not Noted:
— 1 Aug 19, 1st KY Vol. Inf. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 8.
Louisiana (Military) (19 / 3) 1st no. is LA troops dying of typhoid elsewhere; 2nd mil. in LA.
–11 1st LA Vol. Inf., 1st Brigade, 1st Div., 7th Army, Jacksonville, FL. Reed 1904, 519, 525.[40]
— 8 2nd LA Vol. Inf., 2nd Brigade, 1st Div., 7th Army, Jacksonville, FL. Reed 1904, 519, 526.[41]
— 1 Monroe, Sep 12. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 526.
— 1 New Orleans, June 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 526.
— 1 “ Sep 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 526.
Maine (Military) (45 / 31)[42]
–45 First Maine Vol. Infantry, Third Brigade, Second Div., Third Army Corps. Reed 1904, 250.
— 1 Auburn, Aug 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 1 Augusta, Sep 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 2 “ Sep 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 1 “ Sep 11. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 2 “ Sep 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 1 “ Oct 2. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 1 “ Nov 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 2 Belgrade, Aug 31. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 250, 282.
— 1 Biddeford, Sep 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 1 Lewiston, Sep 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 1 Portland, Aug 13. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 1 “ Aug 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 1 “ Aug 24. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 3 “ Aug 28. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 1 “ Aug 31. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 1 “ Sep 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 1 “ Sep 2. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 1 “ Sep 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 1 “ Sep 9. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 1 “ Sep 12. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 1 “ Sep 14. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 1 “ Sep 15. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 1 “ Nov 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 1 Rockland, Sep 4. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 1 “ Sep 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 1 Warren Sep 13. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
Maryland (Civilian) (>232)
— >200 Baltimore, year. Osler. The Problem of Typhoid Fever in the United States. 1899, 8.[43]
Maryland (Military) ( 32) 24 MD troops outside state and 8 within.
— 7 First Maryland Vol. Inf., 1st Brigade, 1st Div., 2nd Army Corps. Reed 1904, 382 and 386.[44]
–17 Fifth Maryland Vol. Infantry, First Brigade, First Div., Third Army. Reed 1904, 173.[45]
— 1 Baltimore, Sep 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 173.
— 1 “ Sep 4. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 173.
— 1 “ Sep 12. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 173.
— 1 “ Sep 14. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 173.
— 1 “ Sep 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 173.
— 1 “ Sep 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 173.
— 1 “ Oct 19. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 173.
— 1 “ Oct 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 173.
Massachusetts (Military) ( 75) 74 MA troops outside MA and 1 in Deerfield, MA.
— 3 Fifth Mass. Vol. Inf., 2nd Brigade, 2nd Div., 2nd Army, Camp Meade, PA. Reed, 456.[46]
–18 Sixth Massachusetts Vol. Infantry, 2nd Brigade, 1st Div., 2nd Army. Reed 1904, 323.[47]
–19 Eighth Massachusetts Vol. Infantry, 2nd Brigade, 3rd Div., 1st Army Corps. Reed 1904, 128.
–34 Ninth Massachusetts Vol. Infantry, Third Div., Second Army Corps. Reed 1904, 368.
— 1 Deerfield, Sep 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 87.
Michigan (Civilian) ( 572)[48]
–572 State. Mich. Dept. of State. 32nd An. Rpt. Secretary of State… for…1898. 1900, p. xc.
Michigan (Military) (96 / 8)[49]
–16 Thirty-First Michigan Volunteer Infantry, First Brigade, Second Div., First Army. Reed, 51
–19 Thirty-Second Michigan Volunteer Infantry, Fourth Army. Reed 1904, 492-494.[50]
–14 Thirty-Third Michigan Vol. Infantry, Third Div., Second Army Corps. Reed 1904, 369.
–26 Thirty-Fourth Michigan Vol. Infantry, Third Div., Second Army Corps. Reed 1904, 370.
–21 Thirty-Fifth Michigan Vol. Inf., 1st Brigade, 1st Div., 2nd Army Corps. Reed, 1904, 393.[51]
— 1 Battle Creek, Oct 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 494.
— 1 “ Oct 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 494.
— 1 Champion, Sep 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 270.
— 1 Detroit, Sep 24. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 494.
— 1 “ Oct 9. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 494.
— 1 Grand Rapids, Oct 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 494.
— 1 Milan, Oct 13. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 494.
— 1 Sunfield, Jan 22, 1899. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 51.
Place Not Noted:
–1 Aug. 31st Mich. Vols. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 51.
–1 Aug 3. 31st Mich. Vols. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 51.
–1 Aug 15, 31st MI Div. hosp. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 51.
–1 Aug 17, Pvt. Samuel Stockwell, 32nd MI. Reed. Rpt.…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…V1, 1904, 494.
–1 Sep. 31st Mich. Vols. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 51.
–1 Mar 2, 1899, 31st Mich. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 51.
Minnesota (Military) (55) 46 MN troops elsewhere and 9 MN troops in MN.
–16 Twelfth Minnesota Vol. Infantry, First Brigade, Third Div., First Army Corps. Reed, 121.
–12 Fourteenth Minnesota Vol. Infantry, Third Brigade, Second Div., First Army. Reed, 96.
–18 Fifteenth Minnesota Vol. Inf., 3rd Brigade, 1st Div. 2nd Army, Camp Meade, PA. Reed 430.
— 1 Dundas, Sep 9. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 121.
— 1 New Ulm, Sep 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 121.
— 1 “ Sep 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 121.
— 1 Olivia, Oct 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 96.
— 1 St. Paul, Sep 13. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 121.
— 1 “ Sep 15. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 121.
— 1 “ Sep 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 121.
— 1 “ Nov 19. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 96.
— 1 Place not noted, Sep 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 121.
Mississippi (Civilian) ( 1)
— 1 Meridian, Jan 4. San Antonio Sunday Light, TX. “A Doctor’s Fee.” 1-9-1898, p. 1.
Mississippi (Military) (55) 46 MS troops elsewhere and 9 in MS.
–29 First Mississippi Vol. Inf., Third Brigade, 2nd Div., 3rd Army Corps. Reed 1904, 257.[52]
–17 Second Mississippi Vol. Inf., Third Div., 7th Army Corps. Reed 1904, 611, 637.
— 1 Enterprise, Sep 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 263.
— 1 Hazelhurst, Aug 31. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 263.
— 1 “ Sep 19. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 263.
— 1 Lauderdale Springs, Sep 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 263.
— 1 Meridian, Aug 28. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 263.
— 1 Sterns Creek, Aug 29. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 263.
— 1 Stonington, Sep 15. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 263.
— 1 Tupelo, Oct 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 525.
— 1 Vicksburg, Aug 24. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 263.
Missouri (Civilian) (107)
— 12 St. Charles, early Jan. Edwardsville Intelligencer, IL. “Telegraphic Notes.” 1-11-1898, 2.
— 95 St. Louis, year. Robb “Missouri v. Illinois and the Sanitary District of Chicago.” p. 497.
Missouri (Military) (107) 93 MO troops outside MO and 14 MO troops in MO.
–11 First Missouri Volunteer Infantry, First Brigade, First Div., Third Army. Reed 1904, 168.
–19 Second Missouri Vol. Infantry, Third Brigade, Third Div., First Army. Reed 1904, 148.
— 9 Third Missouri Vol. Infantry, 3rd Brigade, 2nd Div., 2nd Army Corps. Reed 1904, 358.[53]
–18 Fourth Missouri Vol. Infantry, 2nd Brigade, 2nd Div., 2nd Army Corps. Reed 1904, 354.[54]
–14 Fifth Missouri Volunteer Infantry. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…(V1), 1904, 233.
–19 Sixth Missouri Volunteer Infantry, 7th Army Corps. Reed 1904, 637.
— 3 Battery A, Missouri, Light Artillery Brigade, First Army Corps. Reed 1904, p.277.
— 1 Excelsior Springs, Aug 20. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 233.
— 1 Hermon, Sep 20. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 233.
— 1 Kansas City, Sep 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 233.
— 1 Kirkwood, Oct 14. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 168.
— 1 Pleasant Hill, Sep 15. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 233.
— 1 St. Louis, May 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 233.
— 1 “ June. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 233.
— 1 “ July 28. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 233.
— 1 “ Aug 31. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 168.
— 1 “ Sep 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 177.
— 1 “ Sep 19. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 168.
— 1 “ Oct 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 168.
— 1 “ Oct 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 168.
— 1 Wellington, Sep 26. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 233.
Place Not Noted:
— 1 Jul 1, Pvt. John R. Smith, 2nd MO. Reed. Report…Typhoid…V1, 1904, 148
— 1 Aug 10, 2nd MO Div. hosp. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 148.
— 2 Aug 23. 2nd MO Div. hosp. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 148.
Nebraska (Military) (65) 49 NE troops dying of typhoid elsewhere and 16 in NE.
–22 Second Nebraska Vol. Infantry, Second Brigade, First Div., 3rd Army. Reed 1904, 177.[55]
–27 Third Nebraska Volunteer Infantry, 7th Army Corps. Reed 1904, 637.
— 1 Clay Center, Oct 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 177.
— 1 Fort Crook, Sep 4. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 177.
— 1 “ Sep 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 177.
— 1 “ Sep 17. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 177.
— 1 “ Sep 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 177.
— 1 Lincoln, Sep 25. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 177.
— 1 Norfolk, Sep 20. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 177.
— 1 Omaha, Sep 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 177.
— 1 “ Sep 27. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 177.
— 1 “ Sep 28. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 177.
— 1 “ Oct 9. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 177.
— 1 “ Oct 25. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 177.
— 1 “ Oct 27. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 177.
— 1 Ord, Sep 26. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 177.
— 1 Schuyler, Sep 11. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 177.
— 1 “ Sep 27. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 177.
New Hampshire (Military) (44) 30 NH typhoid mil deaths outside NH and 14 in NH.
–30 First New Hampshire Vol. Infantry, Third Brigade, Third Div., First Army. Reed 1904, 153
— 1 Chesterfield, Oct 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 153.
— 1 Concord, Sep 15. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 153.
— 1 “ Sep 27. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 153.
— 1 “ Oct 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 153.
— 1 “ Nov 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 153.
— 1 Farmington, Oct. 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 153.
— 1 Franklin, Sep 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 153.
— 1 Manchester, Sep 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 153.
— 1 “ Sep 9. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 153.
— 1 “ Sep 15. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 153.
— 1 “ Oct 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 153.
— 1 The Weirs, Oct 9. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 153.
— 1 Place not noted, Sep 13. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 128.
— 1 “ , Pvt. Charles J. Sullivan, 1st. NH Vol. Inf. Reed. Report…Typhoid…(V1), 1904, 153.
New Jersey (Military) (40) 37 NJ mil typhoid deaths elsewhere and 3 in NJ.
— 8 First New Jersey Volunteer Infantry, 1st Brigade, 1st div., 2nd Army Corps. Reed 1904, 320.
–29 Second New Jersey Vol. Inf., 1st Brigade, 2nd Div., 7th Army. Reed 1904, 531, 536.[56]
— 1 Jersey City, Aug 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 1 “ Nov 4. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
— 1 Montclair, Sep 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 221.
New York (Civilian) (105)
— 98 Buffalo, the year. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(Vol. 1), 1904, 300.[57]
— 5 Jamestown. Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio River Basin…Erie, PA. 1906. p.7.
— 1 Olean. Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio River Basin…Erie, PA. 1906, p.7.
— 1 Syracuse, Jan 9. Evening Herald, Syracuse, NY. “Mortuary Matters.” 1-10-1898, p. 6.
New York (Military) (434) 256 NY military typhoid deaths elsewhere and 176 in NY.
— 30 Second New York Vol. Inf., Second Brigade, First Div., 3rd Army. Reed 1904, 182.[58]
— 31 Third New York Vol. Infantry, First Brigade, Second Div., 2nd Army. Reed 1904, 349.[59]
— 22 Eighth New York Vol. Inf., Third Brigade, First Div., Third Army. Reed 1904, 203.[60]
— 46 Ninth New York Vol. Infantry, First Brigade, Second Div., 3rd Army. Reed 1904, 221.[61]
— 20 Twelfth NY Vol. Infantry, Second Brigade, Third Div., 1st Army. Reed 1904, 144.
— 24 Fourteenth NY Vol. Infantry, First Brigade, First Div., 3rd Army. Reed 1904, 163.
— 14 Sixty-Fifth NY Vol. Infantry, 1st Brigade, 1st Div. 2nd Army Corps. Reed 1904, 315.[62]
— 23 Sixty-Ninth New York Vol. Infantry, 2nd Brigade, 2nd Div., 3rd Army. Reed 1904, 246.
— 19 201st NY Vol. Inf., 2nd Brigade, 2nd Div., 2nd Army Corps, Camp Meade, PA. Reed 464.[63]
— 10 202nd NY Vol. Inf., 2nd Brigade, 1st Div., 2nd Army Corps. Reed 1904, 412.
— 16 203rd NY Vol. Inf., 1st Brigade, 2nd Div., 2nd Army, Camp Meade PA. Reed 452.
— 1 Troops A and C, NY Vol. Cavalry. Reed. Report…Typhoid…Mil.…V1, 1904, 339.[64]
— 1 Amsterdam, Sep 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 182.
— 1 Bedloe’s Island, Nov 11. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military…(V1), 1904, 26.
— 1 Brooklyn, St. Peters hosp., no date. Reed. Report…Typhoid…Mil.…(V1), 1904, 22.
— 1 “ Aug 29. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 28.
— 1 “ Sep 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…(V1), 1904, 163.
— 1 “ Sep 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 203.
— 1 “ Sep 20. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 163.
— 1 “ Sep 24. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 163.
— 1 “ Oct 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…(V1), 1904, 221.
— 1 “ Oct 13. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 163.
— 1 “ Oct 14. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 163.
— 1 “ Oct 15. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 163.
— 1 “ Nov 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 163.
–106 Fort Wikoff, L.I. Report of the Commission Appointed by the President… 1899, p. 73.
— 1 Fort Columbus, Aug 27. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 282.
— 1 Fort Hamilton, Nov 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 22.
— 1 Long Island City, Sep 14. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 203.
— 9 Montauk, LI, Aug 25-Sep 15. 8th OH Vol. Inf., 2nd Brigade, 1st Div., 2nd Army. Reed, 323
— 1 Mount Vernon, Sep 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 203.
— 1 New York City, Aug 15. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 144.
— 1 “ Aug 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 220.
— 1 “ Aug 26. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 221.
— 2 “ Sep 2. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…V1, 1904, 144, 220.
— 1 “ Sep 4. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 220.
— 1 “ Sep 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 246.
— 1 “ Sep 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 203.
— 1 “ Sep 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 221.
— 1 “ Sep 12. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 144.
— 2 “ Sep 14. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…(V1), 1904, 121, 203.
— 1 “ Sep 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 203.
— 3 “ Sep 17. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…(V1), 1904, 144, 203, 221.
— 1 “ Sep 20. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 221.
— 2 “ Sep 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…(V1), 1904, 203, 221.
— 1 “ Sep 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 220.
— 1 “ Sep 24. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 163.
— 1 “ Sep 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 203.
— 2 “ Oct 2. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 220.
— 1 “ Oct 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 221.
— 1 “ Oct 12. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 144.
— 1 “ Oct 13. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 220.
— 1 “ Oct 17. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 221.
— 1 “ Oct 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 220.
— 1 “ Oct 24. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 220.
— 1 “ Oct 26. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 220.
— 1 “ Oct 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 220.
— 1 “ Nov 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 220.
— 1 Saranac Lake Sep 25. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 221.
— 1 Saratoga Springs, Oct 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 182.
— 1 “ Oct 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 182.
— 1 South Glen Falls, Oct 13. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 182.
— 1 Syracuse, Nov 9. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 17.
— 1 Troy, Aug 28. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 182.
— 1 “ Sep 4. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 182.
— 1 “ Sep 7. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 182.
— 1 “ Sep 13. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 182.
— 1 “ Sep 20. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 182.
— 1 “ Sep 27. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 182.
— 1 “ Oct 4. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 182.
Place of death not noted:
— 1 2nd Div. Hosp., Aug 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 220.
— 1 July 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 246.
North Carolina (Military) (16)[65]
–16 First North Carolina Vol. Inf., 1st Brigade, 2nd Div. 7th Army. Reed 1904, 551, 556.[66]
Ohio (Civilian) ( 57)
–33 Columbus. Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio River Basin…Erie, PA. 1906, 56.[67]
— 2 Findlay, year. Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio River Basin…Erie, PA. 1906, p. 56.
— 1 Frampton, Jan 6. Newark Daily Advocate, OH. “Death Near Frampton.” 1-8-1898, p. 8.
— 3 Gallipolis, year. Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio River Basin…Erie, PA. 1906, p. 64.
— 1 Helmick, Jan 5. Democratic Standard, Coshocton, OH. “Victim…Typhoid…” 1-7-1898.
— 6 Marietta, year. Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio River Basin…Erie, PA. 1906, p. 91.
— 1 Mt. Taber, Jan 4. Marion Daily Star, OH. “Cardington Notes.” 1-6-1898, p. 2.
— 1 Salesville, Jan 3. Cambridge Jeffersonian, OH. Obituary. 1-6-1898, p. 3.
— 9 Springfield. Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio…Basin and…Erie, PA. 1906, 57[68]
Ohio (Military) (162) 137 OH military typhoid deaths elsewhere; 25 in OH.
— 7 First Ohio Volunteer Cavalry.[69] Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…(V1), p. 274.
— 9 First Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Fourth Army Corps. Reed 1904, 484, 486.[70]
–13 Second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Third Brigade, Second Div., First Army. Reed, 103.
–19 Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Second Brigade, First Div., First Army Corps. Reed, 23.
–20 Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Fourth Army. Reed 1904, 497-498.[71]
–19 Sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, second Brigade, Second Div., First Army Corps. Reed, 74.
— 4 Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, First Brigade, First Div., 2nd Army. Reed 1904, 318.[72]
–10 Eighth Ohio Vol. Infantry, Second Brigade, 1st Div., 2nd Army Corps. Reed 1904, 334.[73]
— 5 Ninth Ohio Battalion Vol. Inf. (colored) 2nd Brigade, 2nd Div., 2nd Army. Reed 357.[74]
–22 Tenth Ohio Vol. Inf., 1st Brigade, 1st Div., 2nd Army corps, Camp Meade, PA. Reed, 400.
— 9 Batteries A, C, G, H, Ohio, Light Artillery Brigade, 1st Army Corps. Reed 1904, p. 277.
— 1 Cincinnati, Sep 13. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 486.
— 1 “ Oct. 17. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 486.
— 1 “ Oct 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 486.
— 1 Cleveland, Sep 7. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 498.
— 1 “ Sep 20. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 498.
— 1 “ Sep 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 498.
— 1 “ Sep 26. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 498.
— 1 “ Oct 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 498.
— 1 “ Oct 4. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 498.
— 1 “ Oct 13. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 498.
— 1 “ Oct 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 498.
— 1 “ Oct 24. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 498.
— 1 “ Nov 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 498.
— 1 Clyde, Oct 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 74.
— 1 Columbus Barracks. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 486.
— 1 Delaware, Dec 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 22.
— 1 Eaton, Sep 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 274.
— 1 Fostoria, Oct. 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 74.
— 1 OH 2nd Div. hosp., Aug 31. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 74.
— 1 “ Oct 31. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 74.
— 1 Stryker, Nov 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 74.
— 1 Toledo, Sep 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 74.
— 1 “ Sep 14. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 74.
— 1 “ Oct 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 486.
— 1 Zanesville, Sep 25. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 486.
Place Not Noted:
— 1 Aug 16, 4th OH Vol. Inf. Reed. Report…Typhoid…US Military Camps…(V1), 22.
— 1 Aug 28, Pvt. Mathew Stein, Div. hosp. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…V1, 1904, 498.
— 1 Sep 1, 4th OH Vol. Inf. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 22.
— 1 Sep 7. 6th Ohio Vols. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 74.
Pennsylvania (Civilian) (>958)
— 73 Allegheny, year. Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio…and…Erie, PA. 1906, p77.
— 1 Blairsville, Jan 21. Indiana County Gazette, PA. “Mrs. Charlotte Johnston.” 1-26-1898, 8.
— 4 Bradford, year. Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio…and…Erie, PA. P. 7.
— 2 Clarion, year. Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio…and…Erie, PA. P. 17.
— 8 Erie, year. Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio…and…Erie, PA. 1906, 109.
— 1 Indiana, Jan 5. Indiana Weekly Messenger, PA. “The Mortuary Record.” 1-12-1898, p. 2.
— 1 Johnsonburg, year. Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio…and…Erie, PA. P16.
— 10 Johnstown, year. Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio…and…Erie, PA. P.26.
— 5 Kittanning, year. Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio…and…Erie, PA. P. 25.[75]
— 3 Kutztown. Commonwealth of PA State Board of Health. Annual Rpt., 1899, p. 49.
— 2 Meadville, year. Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio…and…Erie, PA. P. 14.
— 15 McKeesport, year. Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio…and…Erie, PA. P. 51.
— 1 New Castle, Jan 5. New Castle News, PA. “William Alexander.” 1-5-1898, p. 15.
— 1 “ Jan 6. New Castle News, PA. “Albert Stewart.” 1-12-1898, p. 19, col. 5.
— 1 “ Jan 9. New Castle News, PA. “Mamie Morris.” 1-12-1898, p. 15, col. 1.
— 4 Oil City, year. Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio…and…Erie, PA. P. 11.
— 65 Philadelphia, Jan. NY Times. “Typhoid in Philadelphia. The Epidemic…” 4-23-1898.
— 75 “ Feb. NY Times. “Typhoid in Philadelphia. The Epidemic…” 4-23-1898.
— 54 “ Mar. NY Times. “Typhoid in Philadelphia. The Epidemic…” 4-23-1898.
–600+ “ Year. Osler. The Problem of Typhoid Fever in the [US]. 1899, p. 8.[76]
–224 Pittsburgh, the year. Pittsburgh Filtration Commission. Report of… 1899, p. 11.[77]
— 1 Steubenville, Jan 20. Herald Star, Steubenville. “Died of Fever” (Vaudine). 1-21-1898, 5.
— 5 Valley Township. Commonwealth of PA State Board of Health. Annual Rpt., 1899, 49.
— 1 Waynesburg, year. Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio…Basin and…Erie, PA. P.41.
Pennsylvania (Military) (209) 169 PA military typhoid deaths elsewhere; 40 in PA.
–12 First PA Vol. Inf., Third Brigade, Second Div., First Army. Reed 1904, p. 94.
— 2 Second Pennsylvania Vol. Infantry, unattached. Reed 1904, 470, 478.[78]
–10 Third Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, Fourth Army. Reed 1904, 488-490.[79]
–24 Fourth PA Vol. Inf., Second Brigade, First Div., First Army. Reed 1904, p. 28.
–16 Fifth PA Vol. Inf., First Brigade, Third Div., First Army Corps. Reed 1904, 113.
— 6 Sixth PA Vol. Inf., 2nd Brigade, 2nd Div., 2nd Army Corps. Reed 1904, 351.[80]
— 8 Eighth PA Vol. Inf., 3rd Brigade, 1st Div., 2nd Army Corps. Reed 1904, 327.
–25 Ninth PA Vol. Inf., Third Brigade, Third Div., First Army. Reed 1904, 15
–16 Twelfth PA Vol. Infantry, 3rd Brigade, 1st Div., 2nd Army. Reed 1904, 327.
–15 Thirteenth PA Vol. Infantry, 3rd Brigade, 1st Div., 2nd Army. Reed 1904, 331.[81]
–34 Sixteenth PA Vol. Inf., Third Brigade, First Div., First Army. Reed 1904, 30
— 1 Battery B, PA, Light Artillery Brigade, First Army Corps. Reed 1904, p. 277.
— 1 Allentown, Sep 17. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 28.
— 1 Camp Meade, Aug 26. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
— 1 Columbia, Sep 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 28.
— 1 Franklin, Nov 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
— 1 Harvey’s Lake, Sep 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 156.
— 1 Indiana, Sep 29. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 113.
— 1 Lincoln, Nov 9. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 28.
— 1 Lykens, Sep 19. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 28.
— 1 New Castle, Dec 29. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
— 1 Osceola Mills, Nov 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 113.
— 1 Philadelphia, July 2. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 94.
— 1 “ Aug 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 8.
— 1 “ Aug 28. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 94.
— 1 “ Sep 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 490.
— 2 “ Sep 11. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 490.
— 1 “ Sep 13. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 94.
— 1 “ Sep 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 94.
— 1 “ Sep 20. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 490.
— 1 “ Sep 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 94.
— 1 “ Sep 28. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 26.
— 1 “ Oct 4. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 94.
— 1 “ Oct 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 22.
— 1 “ Oct 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 94.
— 1 “ Oct 15. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 28.
— 1 “ Oct 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 14.
— 1 “ Oct 27. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 8.
— 1 “ Oct 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 94.
— 1 “ Nov 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 17.
— 1 “ Nov 4. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 28.
— 1 Pittsburgh Sep 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 113
— 1 “ Sep 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 113.
— 1 Pittston Oct 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 156.
— 1 Pottsville Oct 2. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 28.
— 1 Punxsutawney, Nov 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
— 1 Reading Sep 7. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 28.
— 1 Wilkes-Barre, Aug 27. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 156.
— 1 “ Sep 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 156.
— 1 “ Sep 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 156.
— 1 “ Sep 9. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 156.
Place Not Noted:
— 1 July 13, Pvt. Grant, 16th PA Infantry Hosp. Reed. Report…Typhoid…Mil.…(V1), p30.
— 1 July 15, Pvt. Snyder, 16th PA Infantry Hosp. Reed. Report…Typhoid…Mil…(V1), p30.
— 1 July 18, Pvt. John R. Thomas. Reed. Report…Typhoid…(V1), 1904, 156.
— 1 July 22, Pvt. Barney Cohen. Reed. Report…Typhoid…Mil.…V1, p156.
— 1 July 22, Pvt. Francis Woomer, 5th PA Vols. Reed. Report…Typhoid…V1, 1904, 113.
— 1 Aug 13, 16th PA, Hosp. ship Relief. Reed. Report…Typhoid…Mil.…(V1), p30.
— 1 Aug 15, 16th PA Inf. Reed. Report…Typhoid…Mil. …(V1), p30.
— 1 Aug 27, Pvt. George Elliott, 1st PA. Reed. Report…Typhoid…V1, 1904, 94.
— 1 Sep 25, Cpl. Draper T. Terry, Reed. Report…Typhoid…Mil.…V1, p156.
— 1 Sep 25, Pvt. Daniel O’Donnell, 3rd PA Vol. Inf. Reed. Rpt. …Typhoid…Mil…V1, p490.
Puerto Rico (525) 416 PR civilians and 109 US troops in PR camps.
–416 The year, Puerto Ricans. Superior Board of Health and Charities, USA, 1901, 98.[82]
— 18 Sixth MA Vol. Infantry, 2nd Brigade, 1st Div., 2nd Army; July 25-Oct 21. Reed 1904, 323.
–1 Arraybo [Arroyo?], Aug 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 28.
–2 Coamo, Aug 26. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 38.
–2 “ Aug 31. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
–1 “ Sep 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
–1 “ Sep 9. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 17, 30
–1 “ Sep 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
–1 “ Sep 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 17.
–1 “ Sep 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
–1 “ Sep 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
–1 “ Oct 2. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
–1 “ Oct 4. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
–1 “ Oct 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
–1 “ Oct 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 17.
–1 “ Oct 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
–1 “ Oct 11. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
–1 “ Oct 14. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
–1 “ Oct 15. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 17.
–1 “ Oct 25. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
–1 Field Hosp., Aug 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 22.
–2 Guayama, Aug 14. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 28.
–1 “ Aug 15. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 22.
–1 “ Aug 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 28.
–1 “ Aug 19. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 28.
–2 “ Aug 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 22.
–2 “ Aug 28. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 28.
–1 “ Aug 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 26.
–2 “ Sep 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 26, 28
–1 “ Sep 2. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 22.
–1 “ Sep 4. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 28.
–1 “ Sep 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 22.
–1 “ Sep 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 26.
–1 “ Sep 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 26.
–1 “ Sep 13. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 22.
–2 “ Sep 15. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 22.
–1 “ Sep 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 26.
–1 “ Sep 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 22.
–1 “ Sep 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 26.
–1 “ Oct 9. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 22.
–1 “ Nov 2. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 26.
–1 Hosp. Ship Missouri, Oct 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 26
–1 “ “ “ Oct 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…US Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 26.
–1 “ “ “ Oct 26. Reed. Report…Typhoid…US Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 22.
–1 Mayaguez, Aug 29. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 8.
–1 Ponce, July 29. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 38.
–1 “ Aug 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 38.
–1 “ Aug 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
–1 “ Aug 4. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
–2 “ Aug 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 38.
–1 “ Aug 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 38.
–1 “ Aug 24. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
–1 “ Aug 25. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
–1 “ Aug 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 8.
–2 “ Aug 31. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 17, 38
–1 “ Sep 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 17.
–1 “ Sep 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 17.
–1 “ Sep 11. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 17.
–1 “ Sep 12. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 17.
–2 “ Sep 13. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 28, 30
–1 “ Sep 15. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
–1 “ Sep 17. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 17.
–1 “ Sep 20. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 17.
–1 “ Sep 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 28.
–1 “ Sep 29. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 8.
–1 “ Oct 7. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 8.
–1 “ Oct 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 26.
–1 “ Oct 11. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
–1 “ Oct 12. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
–1 “ Oct 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
–1 “ Oct 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 17.
–1 “ Oct 19. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 8.
–1 “ Oct 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 17.
–1 “ Oct 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 8.
–1 “ Oct 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 8.
–1 “ Oct 25. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 8.
–1 “ Oct 26. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 8.
–1 “ Oct 28. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 8.
–1 “ Nov 9. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 17.
–1 “ Nov 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
–1 San German, Sep 7. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 8.
–1 San Juan, Sep 29. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 8.
–1 “ Oct 27. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 17.
Rhode Island (12) 10 RI military and 2 civilians.
— >2 Pawtucket, early-mid Jan. Boston Sunday Globe. “Pawtucket.” 1-23-1898, p. 2, col. 3.
–10 First Rhode Island Vol. Infantry, 3rd Brigade, 2nd Div., 2nd Army Corps. Reed 1904, 362.[83]
South Carolina (Civilian) (29) 10 SC military elsewhere, 16 SC mil. in SC, and 3 civilians.
–1 Newberry, June 30, Drucella Kelly. Newberry County, [SC] Death Returns 1885-1898.
–1 “ July 19, Ernest W. Taylor, 12. Newberry County, [SC] Death Returns 1885-1898.
–1 “ Sep 7, Jennins Murphy. Newberry County, [SC] Death Returns 1885-1898.
South Carolina (Military) (10 / 16)
–2 First South Carolina Volunteer Infantry. Reed. Report…Typhoid…Camps…(V1), 1904, 123.
–8 Second South Carolina Volunteer Infantry, 7th Army Corps. Reed 1904, 637.
–1 Charleston, July 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 17.
–2 “ July 19. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30, 38
–1 “ July 20. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 38.
–2 “ July 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 17, 30
–1 “ July 25. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 38.
–1 “ July 28. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 38.
–1 “ July 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 38.
–1 “ Aug 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 38.
–1 “ Aug 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 38.
–1 “ Aug 9. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 17.
–1 “ Aug 12. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 38.
–1 “ Aug 26. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 38.
–1 “ Feb 1, 1899. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 17.
–1 near Sumter, Aug 24. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
Tennessee (Military) (21 / 51) 21 TN military elsewhere and 51 TN military in TN.
— 8 Second Tennessee Vol. Infantry, 3rd Brigade, 2nd Div., 2nd Army Corps. Reed 1904, 365.[84]
–12 Third Tennessee Vol. Infantry, Third Brigade, First Div., Third Army. Reed 1904, 185.
— 1 Sixth U.S. Volunteer Infantry.[85]
–59 Camp Poland,[86] Sep 8-Jan 17. Berry, Jeff. “The Deaths at Camp Poland, Tennessee.”[87]
— 2 Camp Poland, Sep 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 96.
— 1 “ Sep 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 87.
— 1 “ Sep 13. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 87.
— 1 “ Sep 20. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 87.
— 1 “ Oct 2. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 74.
— 1 “ Oct 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 87.
— 1 “ Oct 4. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 51.
— 1 “ Oct 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 74.
— 1 “ Oct 25. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 282.
— 1 “ Oct 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 74.
— 1 “ Nov 11. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 51.
— 1 “ Nov 12. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 74.
— 1 “ Nov 14. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 87.
— 1 “ Dec 2. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 74.
— 1 Chattanooga, July 13. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 51.
— 1 “ July 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 20.
— 1 “ Aug 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 185.
— 1 “ Aug 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 257.
— 1 “ Aug 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 263.
— 1 “ Aug 10. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 250.
— 1 “ Aug 12. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 51.
— 1 “ Aug 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 51.
— 1 “ Aug 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 177.
— 2 “ Aug 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 74, 233,
— 1 “ Aug 25. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 257.
— 1 “ Aug 28. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 177.
— 2 “ Aug 31. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 153, 263.
— 1 “ Sep 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 134.
— 1 “ Sep 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 185.
— 1 “ Sep 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 185.
— 1 Columbia, Dec 15. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 263.
— 1 “ Dec 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 263.
— 1 East Lake, July 4. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 168.
— 1 “ Aug 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 191.
— 1 Hill City, Aug 17. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 185.
— 1 Inman, Aug 14. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 185.
— 1 Knoxville, Sep 7. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 61.
— 1 “ Sep 8. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 103.
— 1 “ Sep 9. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 103.
— 1 “ Sep 15. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 51.
— 1 “ Sep 22. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 96.
— 1 “ Sep 24. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 61.
— 1 “ Sep 27. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 103.
— 1 “ Sep 28. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 103.
— 1 “ Oct 2. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 103.
— 1 Lookout Mt., Aug 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 272.
— 1 Nashville, Sep 11. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 659.
— 1 Piedmont, Sep 19. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 185.
Texas (34) 16 TX mil. deaths elsewhere, 3 in TX, and 15 civilians.
— 1 Dallas, Jan 20, James Tierman. Rootsweb.ancestry.com.[88]
— 1 “ June 25, Flossie Seiler. Rootsweb.ancestry.com.[89]
— 1 “ July 17, John H. Hughes, 35. Rootsweb.ancestry.com.[90]
— 1 “ July 19, Edward H. Read, 27. Rootsweb.ancestry.com.[91]
— 1 “ July 20, Rufus Davis, 19. Rootsweb.ancestry.com.[92]
— 1 “ July 21, Louisa Pardee, 22. Rootsweb.ancestry.com.[93]
— 1 “ Aug 7, J. M. Robertson, 35. Rootsweb.ancestry.com.[94]
— 1 “ Aug 29, Eugene Moye, 20. Rootsweb.ancestry.com.[95]
— 1 “ Sep 10, Miss Bertha Rogg, 19. Rootsweb.ancestry.com.[96]
— 1 “ Sep 22, Mrs. Jennie A. Adams, 38. Rootsweb.ancestry.com.[97]
— 1 “ Oct 2, B. S. Leiper, 46. Rootsweb.ancestry.com.[98]
— 1 “ Nov 19, Bessie Morton, 9. Rootsweb.ancestry.com.[99]
— 1 “ ~Nov 26, Otto Meisterhans, 13. Rootsweb.ancestry.com.[100]
— 1 “ Dec 5, J. J. Dugard, 40. Rootsweb.ancestry.com.[101]
— 1 Groesbeck, June 29, Deputy Sheriff John W. Harper. Ancestry.com[102]
Texas (Military) (16 / 3) 16 TX military elsewhere and 3 TX military in TX.
— 8 1st TX Vol. Inf., 7th Army, Jacksonville, FL. Reed. Report…Typhoid. 1904, 519, 527-528[103]
— 8 2nd Texas, Vol. Inf., 7th Army, Jacksonville, FL. Reed. Report…Typhoid…V1, 1904, 519[104]
— 1 Dallas, Oct 2, Williams. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 530.
— 1 Galveston, Dec 15. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 529.
— 1 Waco, Nov 2. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 530.
Vermont (Civilian) ( 1)
— 1 Barre Jan 20. Waterloo Daily Courier, IA. “B. W. Jones Dead…at Barre…” 1-20-1898, 1.
Vermont (Military) (22 / 15) 22 VE military deaths elsewhere and 15 VE mil. in VE.
–22 First Vermont Vol. Infantry, Third Brigade, First Div., Third Army. Reed 1904, 191.[105]
— 1 Barre, Sep 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 191.
— 1 Burlington, Sep 17. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 191.
— 1 Fort Ethan Allen, Aug 25. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 191.
— 1 “ Aug 28. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 191.
— 1 “ Sep 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 191.
— 1 “ Sep 17. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 191.
— 1 “ Sep 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 191.
— 1 “ Oct 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 191.
— 1 Hortonville, Sep 27. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 191.
— 1 Montpellier, Oct 12. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 191.
— 1 Orwell, Sep 13. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 191.
— 1 Pittsford, Sep 28. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 191.
— 1 Rutland, Sep 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 191.
— 1 “ Oct 5. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 191.
— 1 St. Johnsbury, Oct. 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 191.
Virginia (Military) (60 / 79) 60 VA military elsewhere and 79 VA military in VA.
–17 Second Virginia Vol. Inf., 3rd Brigade, 2nd Div., 7th Army Corps. Reed 1904, 586, 589.[106]
–13 Third Virginia Volunteer Infantry, First Div., 2nd Army Corps. Reed 1904, 334, 336.[107]
–22 Fourth Virginia Vol. Inf., 3rd Brigade, 2nd Div., 7th Army Corps. Reed 1904, 592, 596.[108]
— 8 Hospital Corps, Second Army Corps (Camp Alger). Reed 1904, 366.
–68 Camp Alger, [109] Report of the Commission Appointed by the President… 1899, p. 73.
— 8 Camp Alger, Sixth IL Vol. Inf., 2nd Brigade, 1st Div., 2nd Army Corps. Reed 1904, 321.
— 8 “ First NJ Vol. Inf., 1st Brigade, 1st div., 2nd Army Corps. Reed 1904, 320.
–14 “ Sixty-Fifth NY Vol. Inf., 1st Brigade, 1st Div. 2nd Army. Reed 1904, 315.
— 4 “ Seventh Ohio Vol. Inf., 1st Brigade, 1st Div., 2nd Army. Reed 1904, 318. [110]
— 1 “ Eighth Ohio Vol. Inf., 2nd Brigade, 1st Div., 2nd Army Corps. Reed 1904, 323.
–10 “ Jul 4-Aug 20, 12th PA Vol. Inf., 3rd Brigade, 1st Div., 2nd Army. Reed, 327.
— 1 Fort Monroe, July 12. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 28.
— 1 “ July 26. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 26.
— 1 “ July 30. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 28.
— 2 “ Aug 18. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil. Camps…(V1), 1904, 20, 38.
— 1 “ Aug 20. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 41.
— 1 “ Aug 21. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 20.
— 1 “ Aug 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 30.
— 3 “ Sep 3. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military…(V1), 1904, 20, 41, 496.
— 1 “ Sep 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 41.
— 1 “ Sep 15. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 20.
— 1 “ Sep 23. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 26.
— 1 “ Sep 25. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 20.
— 1 “ Oct 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 28.
— 2 “ Oct 16. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 15, 28
— 1 Fort Myer, July 4; 12th PA Vol. Inf., 3rd Brigade, 1st Div., 2nd Army. Reed 1904, 327.
— 1 Newport News, Aug 1. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 41.
— 1 “ Aug 14. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 41.
— 1 Simpson hosp., Dec 29. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 8.
West Virginia (Military) (27 / 1) 27 WV military deaths elsewhere and 1 WV death in WV.
–12 First West Virginia Vol. Infantry, Second Brigade, Second Div., First Army. Reed, 87.
–15 Second WV Vol. Inf., 1st Brigade, 2nd Div., 2nd Army, Camp Meade, PA. Reed 1904, 442.
— 1 Grafton, Sep 6. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 153.
Wisconsin (Civilian) ( 4)
— 1 Eau Claire, Jan 15. Sunday Leader, Eau Claire, WI. [F. S. Darling]. 1-16-1898, p. 5.
— 1 Marshfield, late Dec. Marshfield Times, WI. “Hospital Notes.” 12-30-1898, p. 5.
— 1 Sheboygan, Dec 21. Daily Northwestern, Oshkosh, WI. “State News.” 12-22-1898, 4.
— 1 Two Rivers, Jan 15. Weekly Wisconsin, Milwaukee. (Louis Schultz, 32). 1-22-1898, 4.
Wisconsin (Military) (98 / 2) 98 WI military deaths elsewhere and 2 in WI.
–46 First Wisconsin Vol. Inf., 2nd Brigade, 2nd Div., 7th Army Corps. Reed 1904, 573, 580.[111]
–27 Second Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, Third Brigade, First Div., First Army Corps. Reed,
–25 Third Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, First Brigade, First Div., First Army Corps. Reed, 17.
— 1 Ripon, Oct 2. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 38.
— 1 West Superior, Dec 11. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…V1), 1904, 17
Location Not Noted
— 1 July 5, 1st WI Div. Hosp. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 38.
— 1 July 29. Transport La Grande Duchesse, 2nd WI Inf.. Reed. Rpt.…Typhoid…V1, 1904, 38.
— 1 July 30. Pvt. Harry H. Haas, 4th Army Corps Field Hosp. [probably Tampa]. Reed, 500.
— 1 Aug 5, Hosp. ship Lampassas, 2nd WI Inf. Reed. Report…Typhoid…Mil.…V1, 1904, 38.
— 1 Aug 6, Transport Lampassas, 2nd WI Inf. Reed. Report…Typhoid…US Mil.…V1, 1904, 38.
— 1 Aug 20, WI Div. hosp. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 38.
— 1 Aug 20, 2nd WI Vol. Inf. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 38.
— 1 Sep 26, Pvt. Harry W. Smith, 5th US Cavalry, Corps reserve hosp. Reed 1904, 500.
— 1 Oct 16, 3rd WI Div. Hosp. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 17.
— 1 Oct 24, 2nd WI Vol. Inf. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 38.
— 1 Oct 24, 3rd WI Vol. Inf. Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Military Camps…(V1), 1904, 17.
Military Units Other than State Regimental: (42)
–15 Second U.S. Volunteer Cavalry, 7th Army Corps. Reed 1904, 637.
–13 Third U.S. Cavalry, 1st Brigade, 1st Army Corps.[112] Reed. Report…Typhoid…V1, 1904, 270
–14 Fifth United States Cavalry.[113] Reed. Report…Typhoid…U.S. Mil.…V1, 1904, 499-500.
Narrative Information
Military deaths: Many other deaths were reported for causes thought to be: acute fever, acute gastritis, camp fever, chills and fever, continued fever, convulsions, dengue fever, diarrhea, dysentery, dyspepsia, enteric fever, enteritis, entero-colitis, gastritis, general debility, indigestion, intermittent fever, intermittent quotidian, intestinal colic, jaundice, malaria, remittent fever, undetermined fever, undiagnosed and “other.”
Reed, Vaughan and Shakespeare remark repeatedly in their report that both army and civilian physicians frequently misdiagnosed Typhoid as something else, such as one of the above, particularly malaria. Their Typhoid death entries represent just those deaths that they can conservatively and confidently ascribe to Typhoid as opposed to those that they also believed were probably Typhoid.
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania: “….Pottstown, Phoenixville, Reading, Norristown and Conshohocken all had typhoid fever in them, and their sewage directly empties into the Schuylkill and pollutes it….” (p. 210)
“Above Phoenixville on the French creek were some cases of typhoid fever; it is believed that the discharges from these patients reached the French creek. Water closets and privies along the creek directly polluted it.
“At Port Kennedy many instances of pollution existed; they were most disgusting and flagrant. Norristown, with its partial underground system of sewage and open creeks grossly pollutes the Schuylkill. Since last spring Conshohocken has had 100 cases of typhoid fever and the effluvia from these cases indirectly pollutes the river.
“At Ambler, Montgomery county, the Wissahickon is foully polluted y privies built directly and recently upon a tributary of the creek.
“At Penncoyd Iron Works a most disgustingly polluted run drains about twenty privies and then directly empties its load of filth into the river.
“In many places too numerous to mention Philadelphia’s water is grossly fouled not only by wastes from factories and stables, but from privies and sewers.” (p. 211.)
“Both the liquid and solid excretions contain the typhoid germ, and if these find their way to a water supply they may give rise to a wide spread outbreak of the disease. In one instance (Plymouth, Pa.), 1,200 cases, in a population of 8,000, were caused by a single case which occurred in January; the evacuations were thrown out on the frozen ground; in the spring thaw – three months later – these were washed into the mountain stream which fed a reservoir from which a part of the town obtained its water supply; nearly all the cases were in this part…
“Neither freezing or drying will kill the germ, but it may be destroyed in the evacuations by mixing them with ‘milk of lime’ – made by slaking fresh-burned lime, in the proportion of one pound of lime to four pounds (half a gallon) of water. Every discharge, liquid or solid, should have a double quantity of this lime-milk thoroughly stirred up with it, and then allowed to stand half an hour or more before being emptied. Bedding and clothing, towels, etc., soiled by the patients may be disinfected by prolonged boiling – not less than half an hour. These are simple, practical measures, within the means of every family…discharges are infectious for ten days or more after the fever subsides, so that they should be disinfected for at least that period.” [p. 266.] (Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Fourteenth Annual Report of the State Board of Health and Vital Statistics of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 1899.)
Manulik: “In 1898, 400 members of the Fifteenth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry were hospitalized with typhoid after camping at the Minnesota State Fairgrounds. U.S. Army Surgeons decided the epidemic’s source was the public water of Minneapolis
“In 1898 the Spanish-American War began and the Fifteenth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry was assembled. The state expected so many volunteers that it created a temporary camp at the state fairgrounds. Prospective soldiers began arriving at the fairgrounds on July 5, and by July 18, 1,326 men had enlisted. The regiment was one of the largest groups ever assembled in Minnesota. The camp became a center of public activity as citizens came to see the regiment train.
“At the fairgrounds soldiers participated in training, parades and drills. Temperatures were abnormally hot and camp hospitals were filled. On July 16th alone doctors recorded seventy-five soldiers in the hospitals. Doctors dismissed most conditions as minor and the result of drinking too much water.
“However, by July 25 doctors began to report men whose conditions failed to improve. Because the soldiers had been drinking so much water, doctors suspected the fairgrounds water supply was the source of the illness. By early August water tests found typhoid bacteria in fairgrounds water tanks. During the course of the month, typhoid became an epidemic in the camp. Soldiers were succumbing at an average rate of twenty per day. On August 23, Colonel H.A. Leonhauser moved the regiment to Fort Snelling, hoping to escape the epidemic. Fort Snelling was unique because it had its own well for fresh water.
“In Minnesota that summer, 360 men were hospitalized with typhoid. As the Fifteenth Regiment prepared to transfer to Camp Meade in Pennsylvania[114] to complete their basic training, new cases continued to appear. An additional forty men were hospitalized before the epidemic finally began to decline in mid-September, after the men had reached Camp Meade.
“Camp Meade was created specifically by the U.S. Army to remove soldiers from older camps where typhoid had flourished. Typhoid plagued the Fifteenth and other regiments throughout the Spanish-American War. Because of this, the U.S. Army commissioned Dr. Walter Reed and army surgeons to investigate how typhoid spread through the army.
“From hospital records Dr. Reed determined that the Minnesota Fifteenth suffered the first large typhoid epidemic of the war. The Army was concerned that the Fifteenth Regiment had spread the typhoid epidemic. They ordered Dr. Reed to find its source. At the time little was known about typhoid other than how to identify its bacteria and that it could be spread by human contact.
“Dr. Reed concluded that the origin of the epidemic was contaminated public water in Minneapolis. This was based on the city reporting 300 cases of typhoid in 1897. City public water was pumped from the Mississippi River and was contaminated with waste and sewage upstream. Bacteria could thrive in this polluted water. While the fairgrounds were located in St. Paul, Reed believed that a soldier could carry the bacteria from Minneapolis. Since most of the soldiers had never been exposed to typhoid, they could easily contract the bacteria. Once the disease was present it could be spread to other soldiers and water supplies. While Dr. Reed informed officials of his findings, he had no suggestions for how to eliminate typhoid from city water.
“The losses of the Fifteenth Regiment were tragic. Typhoid was the only major source of casualties for the regiment during the Spanish-American War. The U.S. and Spain began negotiating a cease-fire on July 30 and the Fifteenth never saw active service. Ultimately, the epidemic lasted for three months and hospitalized 400 men. Victims were sick for about seventy days. Eighteen members of the regiment died from typhoid. The epidemic raised concerns about public health in Minnesota and nationwide. As a result, because of new attention paid to typhoid and its causes, health services were able to eliminate the typhoid bacteria from public water by 1910.”[115] (Manulik, Joseph. “1898 Typhoid Epidemic.” Minnesota Encyclopedia. Minnesota Historical Society. 11-25-2012.)
Michigan Department of State: “There were 572 deaths from typhoid fever in Michigan during the year 1898, corresponding to a death rate of 24.3 per 100,000 estimated population. The distribution of these deaths by months is given for the State and for the four geographical sections in Table 22 [omitted here], which also contains a statement of the age and sex distribution. By geographical sections the highest rate of mortality from this cause occurred in the central counties, namely 26.6 per 100,000, and the lowest in the northern counties, or 19.4 per 100,000. For the State as a whole the month of October had the most deaths and the months of March and July the fewest. The largest number of deaths occurred between the ages of 20 and 29 years. By sex there were 348 deaths of males and 224 deaths of females.” (pp. xc-xci.) (MI Department of State. Thirty-Second Annual Report of the Secretary of State on the Registration of Births and Deaths, Marriages and Divorces in Michigan for the Year 1898. 1900.)
PBS: “Infection in Camps. When the Spanish-American War was declared, thousands of U.S. volunteers entered training camps in the southeastern United States. Though the surgeon general advised soldiers to maintain sanitary conditions, the camps were filthy, leading to a deadly typhoid outbreak. Of 171,000 personnel, 20,700 contracted the disease and more than 1,500 died. The U.S. Army Typhoid Board, led by Major Walter Reed, was established to study the disaster in August 1898. The board subsequently visited the training camps and outlined sanitary measures for military commanders to follow to protect the troops.” (PBS, The Great Fever, “People & Events.” 9-29-2006, p. 6.)
During the 1898 Spanish American War “…far more U.S. troops died from yellow fever than in battle…”. (PBS, The Great Fever, “People & Events,” 9-29-2006, p. 7.)
Reed, et al: “During the Spanish war of 1898 every regiment constituting the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Seventh Army Corps developed typhoid fever. This is true of both the volunteer and the regular commands….
“More than 90 per cent of the volunteer regiments developed typhoid fever within eight weeks after going into camp…..
“If our claim be accepted that the cases designated as probable typhoid fever were really due to this disease, the following conclusions may be drawn:
- Forty-one, or 38.67 per cent, reached the national encampments with cases of typhoid fever already developed….
- Thirty additional regiments developed typhoid fever with 14 days after reaching the national encampments. In other words, 71, or 66.98 per cent, of the 106 regiments had developed typhoid fever within 14 days after reaching the national encampments.
- Eighty-six, or 82.26 per cent, of the 106 regiments had developed typhoid fever within 3 weeks after arriving at the national encampments.
- Five additional regiments developed typhoid fever within 28 days after reaching national encampments, thus making the total number of regiments with typhoid fever 28 days after arrival 91, or 85.84 per cent.
- Thirteen additional regiments developed typhoid fever within 8 weeks (viz, 5 in 5 weeks, 3 in 6 weeks, 4 in 7 weeks, and 1 in 8 weeks) after reaching the national encampments, thus making the total number of regiments with typhoid 8 weeks after arrival 104, or 98.11 per cent.
“Of the remaining 2 regiments, 1, the Ninth Ohio Battalion, developed typhoid fever in 9 weeks, and 1, the First Maryland, in 10 weeks after arrival at national encampments.” (p. 658)
“….When war with Spain was proclaimed the total strength of the standing Army of the United States numbered 27,000 officers and me. They were scattered at about 100 military garrisons. All these soldiers were well housed and their quarters were, from a sanitary standpoint, in good condition. At most of the garrisons, at least, the water supply was above suspicion, and the disposal of waste was such as not to endanger the health or life of the soldier. There was no epidemic at any post, and the army was reasonably free from infectious disease, except those of venereal origin. The number of cases of typhoid fever among the 27,000 officers and men during the first four months of 1898 was distributed as follows: In January, 9 cases, with 1 death; in February, 3 cases, with 1 death; in March, 4 cases, with no deaths; in April, 6 cases, with 1 death. During the last week in April and the first week of May, 1898, the regular regiments were assembled at national encampments and placed under canvas. These regiments were receiving recruits in considerable numbers from the larger centers of population….
“Typhoid fever became epidemic both in the small encampments of not more than one regiment and in the larger ones consisting of one or more corps.
“The statement has been made that the epidemics of typhoid fever in our national encampments in 1898 were due to crowding together large numbers of men. We have seen that the Third North Carolina, at its isolated post at Fort Macon, N.C., developed typhoid fever before it was sent to Knoxville….
“When we reached Knoxville, Tenn., in our round of inspecting the troops, we were informed that the Fourth Tennessee was encamped near Knoxville, where it had been since mobilization, and that it was wholly free from typhoid fever. A personal investigation showed the following facts: This regiment assembled at the camp near Knoxville, Tenn., June 29, 1898, although it was not mustered into the United States service until about the middle of July. An August 12 Ernest Martin, who had not been well for a week preceding this time, was admitted to the regimental hospital. On August 15 he was furloughed home, and on September 11 he died at his home in Nashville, Tenn., of typhoid fever. From the date of this first case up to the time of our inspection (September 14, 1898) there had been in this regiment not less than 11 well-marked cases of typhoid fever, although none had been so diagnosed by the regimental surgeon…..
“Typhoid fever became epidemic in camps located in the Northern as well as those located in the Southern States. Some army medical officers have placed stress upon the fact that Northern men were transferred to Southern States, and have attributed considerable importance to the influence of non-acclimatization in the production of the epidemics of typhoid fever. In answer to this we need only call attention to the fact that the Fifteenth Minnesota (p. 414), Thirty-fifth Michigan (p. 388), and the Two hundred and third New York (p. 444) surpassed any other three regiments in the number of cases of typhoid fever before they crossed the Mason and Dixon line. There is nothing more certain than that the prevalence of typhoid fever among the troops in 1898 was not due to geographical location.
“Typhoid fever is so widely distributed in this country that one or more cases are likely to appear in any regiment within eight weeks after assembly.” (p. 659.) “….With this disease as prevalent as it is throughout the country, it is more than probable that in any organization of 1,300 men of military age taken from private life and held together for two months one or more cases will develop.” (p. 660.)
“The miasmatic theory of the origin of typhoid fever is not supported by our investigations. There are still a few who believe that typhoid fever is due to a poison or miasm [miasma] given off from the earth in gaseous form. We would not mention this obsolete theory were it not for the fact that while inspecting the camps we found intelligent medical officers who believed that some intangible local condition inherent in the place was an important factor in the production of the epidemic. There is apparent in man a tendency to believe in the evil genius of locality. He is prone to attribute many of his misfortunes to indefinable conditions surrounding the place in which he has suffered. As we have stated, no fact in our investigations has been brought out more prominently than the demonstration that locality was not responsible for the epidemic. The Fifteenth Minnesota (p. 414) first developed typhoid fever at the fair grounds at St. Paul. There is certainly no evidence that there is any evil climatic influence connected with this place. It carried the epidemic with it to Fort Snelling, which has long had the reputation of being one of the most healthful army posts in the United States. From Fort Snelling the Fifteenth Minnesota was transferred to the open fields of Camp Meade, where generations of Pennsylvania farmers have passed the average number of years allotted to man without suspecting that their country was an unhealthy one. However, typhoid fever continued with the command from Minnesota because the men carried the germs of the disease in their bodies, clothing, bedding, and tentage. Certainly any rational being would prefer any of the above-mentioned localities to Port Tampa as a place of summer residence, and yet there was not a regiment in the Fourth Army Corps, encamped for so long a time in Florida, that had as many cases of typhoid fever as did the Fifteenth Minnesota.” (p. 662.)
“The pythogenic [pathogenic] theory of the origin of typhoid fever is not supported by our investigations. Murchinson proposed this theory of the origin of typhoid fever. This author states the theory in the following words: ‘Typhoid fever may be generated independently of a previous case by fermentation of fecal, and perhaps others forms of organic matter.’
“Translated into the terms of modern medicine, this theory is founded upon the belief that the colon germ may undergo a ripening process by means of which its virulence is so increased and altered that it may be converted into the typhoid bacillus, or at least may become the active agent in the causation of typhoid fever. Many French, English, and American army medical officers believe that typhoid fever may originate in this way….
“We believe that the results of our investigations controvert this theory conclusively. In the first place, we have been able to show that the specific poison of typhoid fever was introduced into every one of our national encampments, and with the disease as widespread as it is in this country we believe that we have good reasons for the claim that one or more men already specifically infected with typhoid fever enlisted in nearly every command. There is, therefore, no necessity of resorting to the theory that the colon bacillus may be converted into the typhoid bacillus. Moreover, all the known facts of experimental bacteriology are at variance with this theory. The supposition that simple diarrheas may develop into typhoid fever will be again referred to. The fact that the typical colon bacillus may be swallowed by thousands of people in drinking water without the occurrence of a case of typhoid is plainly demonstrated… (pp. 662-663.)
“Typhoid fever is disseminated by the transference of the excretions of an infected individual to the alimentary [by mouth] canals of others. This statement is so self-evident that it needs no elucidation. The transference may be direct by contact or indirect through infected garments, bedding, tentage, food, water, etc.” (p. 663.)
“Typhoid fever is more likely to become epidemic in camps than in civil life because of the greater difficulty of disposing of the excretions from the human body….In fact, the whole question of the prevention of typhoid fever in armies is largely one of the disposition of…excretions….. (p. 663.)
“A man infected with typhoid fever may scatter the infection in every latrine in a regiment before the disease is recognized in himself. The elimination of typhoid bacilli from the bowels probably begins soon after infection…. (p. 663.)
“Camp pollution was the greatest sin committed by the troops in 1898. In our histories of the different regiments we have had too frequent opportunity to call attention to the fearful pollution that existed in many camps. As we have stated, fecal matter was deposited on the surface about the camps at Chickamauga. Much of this filth must have been specifically infected with typhoid fever. Sinks were frequently overflowed by heavy rains, and their contents were distributed on the adjoining surface….” (p. 663.)
“Superior line officers can not be held blameless for the unsanitary condition of the camps…..
“Greater authority should be given medical officers in questions relating to the hygiene of camps….” (p. 664.)
“In permanent camps, where water carriage can not be secured, all fecal matter should be disinfected and then carted away from the camp….
“Infected water was not an important factor in the spread of typhoid fever in the national encampments in 1898….” (p. 665.)
“To guard against the contamination of the water supply, troops in the field should be provided with means for the sterilization of water….
“Flies undoubtedly served as carriers of the infection. Flies swarmed over infected fecal matter in the pits and then visited and fed upon the food prepared for the soldiers at the mess tents. In some instances where lime had recently been sprinkled over the contents of the pits, flies with their feet whitened with lime were seen walking over the food. It is possible for the fly to carry the typhoid bacillus in two ways. In the first place, fecal matter containing the typhoid germ may adhere to the fly and be mechanically transported. In the second place, it is possible that the typhoid bacillus may be carried in the digestive organs of the fly and be deposited with its excrement….
“It is more than likely that men transported infected material on their persons or in their clothing and thus disseminated the disease. We have condemned the method which was followed in many of the camps of detailing men from the ranks to act as orderlies at the hospitals. In some of the commands it was customary to detail 100 or more men from the line every morning. These men went to the hospitals, handled bed pans used by persons sick with typhoid fever, and at night returned to their comrades. The most of these men were wholly ignorant of the nature of infection and the methods of disinfection. In fact, at one of the division hospitals we saw orderlies of this kind go from the hospital and partake of their midday meal without even washing their hands. These men handled not only the food which they ate, but passed articles to their neighbors. It seems to us that a more certain method for the dissemination of an infectious disease could hardly have been invented.
“We have stated that in some of the camps the surface, especially where there were strips of wood, was frequently dotted with fecal deposits. At the time of our inspection of the Third U.S. Volunteer Cavalry (p. 269) at Chickamauga it was quite impossible to walk through the woods near the camp without soiling one’s feet with fecal matter. Much of this was probably specifically infected, and it is by no means improbable that the infection was carried by the men into their tents, where blankets and tentage became infected….” (p. 666.)
“Our investigations certainly demonstrate that typhoid fever is not only an infectious, but also a contagious disease; that it may be transferred from one person to another by contact, and that the clothing, bedding, and rooms of typhoid patients should be disinfected with as much care as is now given to these matters in cases of diphtheria and scarlet fever.
“…It is probable that the infection was disseminated to some extent through the air in the form of dust….The shell roads through the encampment at Jacksonville were ground into the finest dust by the heavy army wagons. The scavenger carts carrying the tubs filled with fecal matter passed along these roads, and their course could often be traced by bits of feces falling from the tubs. Other vehicles ground up the fecal matter and dust together, and the winds disseminated these particles here and there. Men inhaled this dust. It was deposited on food in the mess tents by the roadside, and men ate the dust. Pollution of the soil with the urine of those suffering with typhoid fever was of frequent occurrence….” (p. 667.)
“…After a command becomes badly infected with typhoid fever, changes of location, together with thorough disinfection of all clothing, bedding, and tentage is necessary….” (p. 671.)
“…Malaria was not a prevalent disease among the troops that remained in the United States. We have shown in the body of this report that blood examinations for the plasmodium of malaria made by competent men at Camp Alger (p. 371), Chickamauga (p. 300), Knoxville (p. 300), Camp Meade (p. 479(, and Jacksonville (p. 637) show that malaria was a very rare disease among the troops that remained in the United States….The malaria that did exist in the national encampments in this country yielded readily to quinine, and the cases that did not yield to this treatment were not malarial. It is unfortunate for scientific medicine that a competent man, properly equipped for making blood examinations, was not stationed at each division hospital at the time of its organization. Certainly we have a right to expect that the Government will use the best and the most scientific methods in its Army medical service….Is it too much to ask that a division hospital be furnished with facilities for scientific diagnosis equivalent to those possessed by all first-class civil hospitals?
“…The continued fever that prevailed among the soldiers in this country in 1898 was typhoid fever. There is no evidence that any other continued fever was found among the troops that remained in the United States. We have mentioned the claim of one surgeon that dengue prevailed in his regiment at Chickamauga. We think it quite impossible for dengue to have prevailed in one regiment while all other troops of two army corps encamped at the same place escaped this disease….” (p. 673.)
“…About one-fifth of the soldiers in the national encampments in the United States in 1898 developed typhoid fever. Among 107,973 officers and men in 92 regiments, the records of which we have carefully studied, the number of cases of typhoid fever, according to our estimate, was 20,738. This is equivalent to 19.26 per cent.
“…Army surgeons correctly diagnosed about half the cases of typhoid fever….Most of the cases improperly diagnosed were sent to general military hospitals or to civil hospitals with the diagnosis of malaria. In 80 out of 85 cases sent from the Fifth Maryland to civil hospitals in Baltimore, the diagnosis was changed from malaria to typhoid fever. Out of 98 cases sent from the Eighth New York to hospitals in New York City on September 9 all were recognized as typhoid fever by the physicians in charge of the hospital, while the majority of these cases had been entered on the sick reports under other diagnoses. Of 101 cases of fever transferred to the hospitals at Hartford and New Britain, Conn., by the First Connecticut Infantry, on its departure from Camp Alger, Va., September 7, 1898, 98 received the diagnosis of typhoid fever and only 3 the diagnosis of malaria. The failure of the regimental surgeon to properly diagnose many cases of typhoid fever is easily explained. Orders required, very properly, that every man sick for forty-eight hours should be sent to the division hospital. It will be seen from this that the cases were not under the observation of the regimental surgeon for a sufficient time for him to make a diagnosis. There is also some excuse for the failure of the surgeons at the division hospitals to recognize all cases of typhoid fever. Many of the less severe of these cases remained in hospital for a short time and were furloughed home or forwarded to some general hospital….[116]
“The percentage of death among cases of typhoid fever was 7.61. Of the 20,738 cases already mentioned as occurring in 92 regiments, 1,580 died….This corresponds closely with the death rate for typhoid fever in those places in which most accurate records have been kept….” (p. 674.)
“…The deaths from typhoid fever were 86.24 per cent of the total deaths.”
“….The highest morbidity was in the case of the Forty-ninth Iowa Infantry, and the lowest in the Second Pennsylvania Infantry, a regiment which never reached a national encampment.” (p. 675.)
“…The average period of incubation in typhoid fever is probably about ten and a half days.” (p. 676.)
(Reed, Walter, V. C. Vaughan, and Edward O. Shakespeare. Report on the Origin and Spread of Typhoid Fever in U.S. Military Camps During The Spanish War of 1898 (Vol. 1). 1904.)
Newspapers
Dec 26, 1897 (PA): “Mrs. Levi Moyer died Sunday [Dec 26] morning after a few days’ illness of typhoid fever, aged 67 years, She leaves to mourn her loss a husband, three daughters and three sons. Funeral was held in Zion’s church Wednesday…” (Greenville News, PA. “Transfer.” 1-1-1898, p. 8.)
Dec 29, 1897 (NY): “New York, Dec 29. – J. Elmer Ellis, eldest son of the founder of the Ellis Locomotive works, is dying of typhoid fever at the home of Mrs. Peacock Webb….He is 33 years old.” (Centralia Enterprise and Tribune, WI. “Threw Away Life and Fortune.” 1-1-1898, p. 4.)
Dec 31, 1897 (ME): “Bar Harbor, Me., Jan. 1.—Miss Lucilla Pulitzer, oldest daughter of Joseph Pulitzer of the New York World, died at Chatwood, his summer residence, at 3 o’clock Friday afternoon [Dec 31] of typhoid fever. She had been ill about ten weeks. The family will leave for New York with the body as soon as possible. She was aged 17.” (Fort Wayne Sunday Gazette, IN. “Miss Pulitzer Dead.” 1-2-1898, p. 7.)
Dec 31, 1897 (OR): “Miss June Stewart died Friday [Dec 31] at her father’s home in Medford, Oregon, after a severe siege of typhoid fever. The young lady was very well known in this city and hundreds of friends will mourn her untimely decease….Miss Stewart…was but 22 years of age…She was a musician of some note, being an accomplished pianist as well as a vocalist….Socially and in church circles the young lady was everywhere popular….” (Oakland Tribune, CA. “Death Ends a Noble Young Life.” 1-3-1898, p. 2.)
Jan 1 (IN): “Willard M. Martin, age 37, died Saturday night [Jan 1] at 10:30, of typhoid fever, at the residence of C. A. Little, on Erie avenue. Deceased was a shoemaker, and leaves a wife and two children…” (Logansport Daily Reporter, IN. “The Death Summons.” 1-3-1898, p. 8.)
Late Dec and early Jan (IA): “At Forest City a whole family is wiped out by typhoid fever. A few days ago a son of W. H. Fisher died and Friday afternoon [Dec 31] Mrs. Fisher died. On Sunday [Jan 2] Mr. Fisher died and Tuesday [Jan 4] the couple were buried in one grave. Three children survive but two of them are very sick and likely to die.” (Upper Des Moines, Algona, IA. “Semi-Local News Notes.” 1-5-1898, p. 1.)
Jan 2~ (IL): “Mr. Saunder’s daughter, Susie White, was buried at Harshbarger cemetery January 4. Death was caused by typhoid fever.” (Decatur Herald Dispatch, IL. “Atwood.” 1-8-1898, p. 8.)
Jan 3 (OH): “Scott Mendenhall, a prominent citizen of Salesville [Guernsey County, OH], deed Monday [Jan 3] after a two weeks’ illness of Typhoid fever. Deceased was 90 [unclear] years of age and leaves a wife and seven children to mourn his death.” (Cambridge Jeffersonian, OH. Obituary. 1-6-1898, p. 3.)
Jan 4 (OH): “Elmer Lemon died Tuesday morning [Jan 4] near Mt. Taber, this county, of typhoid fever, aged about 35 years, leaving a wife and two children.” (Marion Daily Star, OH. “Cardington Notes.” 1-6-1898, p. 2.)
Jan 5 (PA): “William Alexander of West Washington street, a scion of one of the pioneer families of the city and county, and a prosperous citizen, died at the Shenango Valley hospital at 8:30 a.m. Wednesday after a few weeks illness with typhoid fever. He was taken ill a few weeks ago and it was at first thought by his physician that he had malarial fever, but later the well known symptoms of typhoid appeared and in a most malignant form, for the diagnosis had not been verified more than about 24 hours, until he died. He was taken to the hospital about a week ago. He is survived by a wife… The family connection embraces many of the best families in the city and county….” (New Castle News, PA. “William Alexander.” 1-5-1898, p. 15.)
Jan 6 (OH): “Frampton, O., Jan. 7. — Mr. William Teffna, a well known, prominent farmer whose home was a short distance west of Frampton, died Thursday evening at 7 o’clock after two months’ illness with typhoid fever, Mr. Teffna having suffered a relapse. Mr. Teffna, aged 49 years, was a popular member of the K of P lodge at Fallsburg.” (Newark Daily Advocate, OH. “Death Near Frampton.” 1-8-1898, p. 8.)
Jan 8 (IN): “Henry Antrup, aged 6 years, son of Edward Antrup. Of St. Joe Township, died Saturday [Jan 8] of typhoid fever.” (Fort Wayne News, IN “Other Deaths and Funerals.” 1-10-1898, p. 5.)
Jan 9, (NY): “Mrs. Sadie Estella Gould, wife of James T. Gould, died yesterday noon at her home…aged 23 years. She had been ill of typhoid fever.” (Evening Herald, Syracuse, NY. “Mortuary Matters.” 1-10-1898, p. 6.)
Jan 11 (MO): “St. Charles, Mo., has an epidemic of typhoid fever. A hundred cases have been reported and a dozen deaths have occurred. The cause is attributed to the drouth and the concentration of germs in the water.” (Edwardsville Intelligencer, IL. “Telegraphic Notes.” 1-11-1898, 2.)
Jan 13 (IN): “An epidemic of typhoid fever that has broken out in Harrison county is puzzling the local medical fraternity. The region afflicted is high and rolling and naturally supposed to be exempt from a disease that usually is found in only low and damp localities. In notifying the state board of health the physicians of the county say that they are inclined to attribute the epidemic to a certain brand of manufactured fertilizer that has recently been used in large quantities over the whole territory affected.” (Goshen Daily News, IN. “Fever Epidemic.” 1-13-1898, p. 4.)
Jan 22 (IN): “Washington, Ind., [Daviess County] Jan. 22. – The spread of typhoid fever in this city is causing alarm. The physicians attribute the cause to impure water. The city has 10,000 population and no sanitary sewage system.” (Jeffersonville Evening News, IN. “Spread of Typhoid Fever.” 1-22-1898, p. 4.)
Jan 22 (RI): “Pawtucket, Jan 22 – The neglect of certain physicians to make prompt report of contagious diseases that come under their treatment has aroused much indignation among the people and there is a demand for the imposing of a penalty for this neglect. During past few weeks at least two persons have died of typhoid fever and their cases were not reported to the city physician, as the ordnances of the city require and the city physician also found a case of diphtheria, where the child had died, and the funeral took place without any attempt to quarantine the house. Copies of the ordinance have recently been sent to all the physicians of this city and Central Falls,[117] and in the future if they fail to comply with the requirements in reporting cases of this kind, the city physician says he shall recommend exacting the penalty provided.” (Pawtucket, early-mid Jan. Boston Sunday Globe. “Pawtucket.” 1-23-1898, p. 2, c.3.)
Jan 24 (PA): “That purity in a water supply is of grave importance, in fact is an essential, is demonstrated again in Philadelphia. For weeks typhoid fever has been prevailing to an alarming extent in certain portions of the city, particularly in the district supplied with water from the Queen Lane reservoir. Members of the bacteriological bureau and health department are making extensive investigations. They have directed that the people boil all drinking water. Dr. Taylor, chief medical inspector of the board of health, on Friday when asked whether he still attributed the prevalence of the disease to impurities in the water, replied: “Undoubtedly I do. Take New York as an example. In that city the sanitary conditions of dwellings do not begin to compare with ours. The streets here are cleaner, and there is not the crowding of families into tenements, yet in New York the cases of typhoid fever are very few because the water supply is good and free from impurities.” All the doctors who have inquired into the subject agree that the impure water is the cause of so very many typhoid fever cases in Philadelphia, thirty-nine new cases being reported in one day last Friday [Jan 21].” (Lebanon Daily News, PA. “Several Important Facts” editorial. 1-24-1898, p. 2.)
Jan 26 (PA): “The Shenango Valley hospital is too small to meet present requirements. The institution is crowded, and unless an addition is soon built, its size will soon be totally inadequate for the proper care of the sick and injured. There are 37 patient in the hospital; of these, 15 are suffering with typhoid fever, and nearly all occupy private rooms. The demand for private rooms
is so great that seven applications for them are now on file and cannot be filled….The resident physician and the matron have given up their rooms to private patients…It is not unusual for several applications for rooms to be made each day, but all must be refused….” (New Castle News, PA. “The Hospital Crowded…Suffering from Typhoid Fever.” 1-26-1898, p. 1.)
April 18 (PA): “From The Philadelphia North American, April 18. Prompt action upon the part of the Board of Health, the watchfulness of physicians, and the extra caution which has been exercised by the general public, as a result of newspaper agitation, together with a gradual working out of natural conditions, have all combined to bring to a practical end the epidemic of typhoid fever which ravaged a number of wards of this city during December of last year and he first three months of 1898. Given a chance calmly to investigate the affair, the Board of Health has prepared, as a result of its investigations, a report which is interesting to the people generally and important in conclusions which are to be drawn from it.
“The direct cause of the epidemic having been ascertained in the early stages of its progress, the health authorities have been able to secure much valuable information that will be of benefit in the future. Incidentally, it may be hoped that the Survey Department and the Bureau of Water have likewise been taught a lesson that will not soon be forgotten. The epidemic was the result of a careless – almost criminal – flooding of the big Manayunk intercepting sewer, which, having been done in a bungling manner, caused the sewer to burst and discharge its contents into Wissahickon Creek, whence it was swept into the Schuylkill River close to the point where the pumping station supplying the Queen Lane Reservoir is situated. The sewage, containing millions of typhoid germs, was pumped into the reservoir, and thus was a deadly peril placed directly in the way of thousands of consumers of the water served from that reservoir.
“The flooding of the sewer occurred on Dec. 16, and in that month alone over 500 cases of typhoid fever were reported to the Board of Health, 258 of them coming after the bursting of the sewer, and from the seven wards getting their water supply from the Queen Lane Reservoir. That the epidemic was the result of this criminal blunder was quickly ascertained by the health authorities, for the seven wards referred to figure in the reports of the sanitary inspectors as among the best under-drained, the most remote from such swamp land conditions as might cause typhoid, and generally as being the best and most healthy wards in the city.
“In January, 790 cases of fever were reported, being more than the Januarys of the four preceding years, when the grand total only amounted to 722 cases. February showed a record of 681 new cases, and it was not until March that a noticeable change for the better occurred. In that month only 332 cases were reported, and there has been such a corresponding decrease this month that the health authorities believe the report will show that the disease has been reduced to normal proportions.
“The manner in which the epidemic was fought reflects the greatest credit upon the skill of our physicians and the good sense and caution of our people. The death rate from the disease was unusually low, considering the extent and virulence of the scourge and this success in fighting it is ascribed in large part to the prompt measures taken whenever the first symptoms of typhoid appeared, and to the constant warning sounded by the newspapers and the physicians.
“The deaths in January out of 790 cases, were 65, and those in February were 75 out of a total of 681 cases. The deaths in March were 54 out of 332 cases, and this month the death rate has been low enough to be termed normal. While this happy condition of affairs is due largely to the efforts of the physicians and the caution of the people, it must also be borne in mind that natural conditions have been at work. Reasonably pure water has been constantly pumped into Queen Lane Reservoir as the typhoid fluid has been pumped into the mains, and this gradual substitution of the pure article for the impure has exhausted the force of the germs, which have either been consumed by victims or the disease or have died off.
“With the end reached, the city may contemplate the effects of this piece of criminal carelessness upon the part of the Survey Bureau, and reflect upon the fact that the suffering and death was small in comparison to that which was threatened. But the chief lesson is to those who were responsible for the epidemic, and the people will look to the proper authorities to guard against a repetition of such a calamity.” (New York Times. “Typhoid in Philadelphia. The Epidemic Now Regarded as Practically at an End.” 4-23-1898.)
Oct 18 (NH): “There is a serious epidemic of typhoid fever at’ Rollinsford, N.H. and quite a number of patients have recently been brought to the Maine General hospital, Portland, from that place for treatment.” (Daily Kennebec Journal, ME. 10-18-1898, p. 9.
Oct 21 (CO): “Denver, Col., Oct. 17. — There is an epidemic of typhoid fever raging at Whipple barracks, Ariz., and several deaths are reported. The post is garrisoned by volunteers.” (Williamsburg Journal,, IA. “Typhoid Fever Epidemic.” 10-21-1898, p. 6.)
Oct 28 (IN): “An epidemic of typhoid fever was started in Warren county [IN], at West Lebanon, the cause of which has been traced to the establishment of a Danville Ill., caterer, who furnished the refreshments of two West Lebanon weddings. Within a week afterwards — the first wedding which was last spring, nearly all the guests who had been present and eaten of the food prepared were taken sick with typhoid fever. Several of them died, but at that time the connection of the disease with the banquet furnished by the caterer was not suspected. After the second wedding feast, late in September forty of the guests were taken ill and some are yet suffering from typhoid fever. It required careful study and diligent inquiry to bring all the corroborating facts to light and connect the Danville caterer with the illness of the guests at both weddings, but as soon as it was shown the board called the attention of the Illinois state board of health to the matter, with the result that a well in the catering establishment is now to be examined for germs of typhoid fever. In the meantime active steps are being taken to prevent the spread of the disease in West Lebanon, and it is hoped to destroy all the typhoid germs before any more people are affected. Dr. J. N. Hurry, secretary of the state board of health, has the matter in charge.” (Goshen Daily News, IN. “Started at a Wedding.” 10-28-1898, p. 4.)
Nov 2: “Indianapolis, Ind.. Nov. 2. – The State board of health received a petition from the citizens of Macy, Miami county, asking it to investigate the town, with a view of ridding it of the epidemic of typhoid fever, diphtheria and scarlet fever, which is now paralyzing the place. All the schools have been closed and the local authorities are unable to cope with the diseases.” (Logansport Chronicle, IN. “Epidemic at Macy.” 12-5-1898, p. 8.)
Dec 7: “There is an epidemic of typhoid fever in the borough of the Bronx.” (The World, NYC. “The News.” 12-7-1898, p. 6.)
Dec 22: “An epidemic of typhoid fever has broken out at Sheboygan. Henry Knocke, a well-known young business man, died Wednesday [Dec 22] and there are eleven cases in one hospital, besides many cases scattered about the city. It is claimed the germs were brought to the city by soldiers returning from Porto Rico.” (Daily Northwestern, Oshkosh, WI. “State News.” 12-22-1898, p. 4.)
Sources
Berry, Jeff. “The Deaths at Camp Poland, Tennessee.” The Spanish American War Centennial Website. Accessed 7-13-2013 at: http://www.spanamwar.com/camppolanddeaths.htm
Boston Daily Globe, MA. “Death of William S. Currier in Idaho.” 1-8-1898, p. 19. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=163250441&sterm=typhoid
Boston Sunday Globe. “Pawtucket” [Typhoid deaths]. 1-23-1898, p. 2, col. 3. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=161087640&sterm=typhoid
Burlington Hawk Eye, IA. “New London [Calhoun typhoid.].” 1-18-1898, p. 6. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=136941195&sterm=typhoid
Cambridge Jeffersonian, OH. Obituary. 1-6-1898, p. 3. At: http://www.newspaperarchive.com
Centralia Enterprise and Tribune, WI. “Threw Away Life and Fortune.” 1-1-1898, p. 4. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=10132983&sterm=typhoid
Colorado Medical Journal, “Dr. Hughes Feels Hurt,” Vol. IV, No. 11., Nov 1898, pp. 424-430. Accessed 3-2-2020 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=EV8BAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Commission Appointed by the President to Investigate the Conduct of the War Department in the War with Spain. Report of the Commission… Washington: GPO, 1899. Google digitized at: http://books.google.com/books?id=bWOP0H8lW84C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Fourteenth Annual Report of the State Board of Health and Vital Statistics of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Wm. Stanley Ray, State Printer of Pennsylvania, 1899. Google digitized at: http://books.google.com/books?id=wKwQAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Daily Northwestern, Oshkosh, WI. “State News.” 12-22-1898, 4. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=8933407&sterm=epidemic+of+typhoid
Daily Review, Decatur, IL. “Blue Mound.” 1-11-1898, p. 1. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=18722430&sterm=typhoid
Decatur Herald Dispatch, IL. “Atwood.” 1-8-1898, p. 8. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=4097134&sterm=typhoid
Democratic Standard, Coshocton, OH. “Victim of Typhoid Fever.” 1-7-1898, p. 1. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=13498530&sterm=typhoid
District of Columbia Health Officer, Health Department. Report of the Health Officer (Vol. III of Annual Report of the Commissioners of the District of Columbia, Year Ended June 30, 1907). Washington: GPO, 1907. Google digitized at: http://books.google.com/books?id=SjlNAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Edwardsville Intelligencer, IL. “Collinsville.” 1-21-1898, p. 8, col. 3. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=3591904&sterm=typhoid
Edwardsville Intelligencer, IL. “Telegraphic Notes” [Typhoid, St. Charles, MO]. 1-11-1898, 2. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=3588999&sterm=typhoid
Edwardsville Intelligencer, IL. “Telegraphic Notes.” 3-1-1898, p. 2. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=3599861
Evening Herald, Syracuse, NY. “Mortuary Matters.” 1-10-1898, p. 6. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=37619057&sterm=typhoid
Filtration Commission of the City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Report of the Filtration Commission of the City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. January 1899. Accessed 3-2-2020 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=7OpIAAAAMAAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Fort Wayne Daily Gazette, IN. “Death of a Singer.” 1-14-1898, 8. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=40996051&sterm=typhoid
Fort Wayne News, IN “Other Deaths and Funerals.” 1-10-1898, p. 5. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com
Fort Wayne Sentinel, IN. “The Week’s Dead.” 1-17-1898, p. 9. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=43594603&sterm=typhoid
Fort Wayne Sunday Gazette, IN. “Miss Pulitzer Dead.” 1-2-1898, p. 7. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=43420899&sterm=typhoid
Goshen Daily News, IN. “Fever Epidemic” [Typhoid, Harrison County, IN]. 1-13-1898, p. 4. At: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=189805031&sterm=typhoid
Goshen Daily News, IN. “Started at a Wedding.” 10-28-1898, p. 4. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=189806140&sterm=epidemic+of+typhoid
Greenville News, PA. “Transfer.” 1-1-1898, p. 8. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=130121755&sterm=typhoid
Greguras, Fred. Spanish American War Camps 1898-99 (website). 2005. Accessed 7-16-2013 at: http://www.usgennet.org/usa/ne/topic/military/SpanishAmericanWar/span_am_camps/pg14.htm
Herald Star, Steubenville. “Died of Fever” (James Vaudine). 1-21-1898, 5, col. 1. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=10059389&sterm=typhoid
Indiana County Gazette, Indiana, PA. “Mrs. Charlotte Johnston.” 1-26-1898, 8, col. 3. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=114070763&sterm=typhoid
Indiana Weekly Messenger, Indiana, PA. “The Mortuary Record.” 1-12-1898, p. 2. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=113905400&sterm=typhoid
Jeffersonville Evening News, IN. “Died of Typhoid Fever.” 1-22-1898, 2. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=192640142&sterm=typhoid
Jeffersonville Evening News, IN. “Spread of Typhoid Fever.” 1-22-1898, p. 4. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=192640144&sterm=typhoid
Jim Wheat’s Dallas County Texas Archives. Obituaries, 1898. 4-23-2003 update. Accessed 3-2-2020 at: http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~jwheat/history/obits/obits98.html
Kuhns, Dr. Dwight M, and Capt. Donald L. Learnard. “Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fevers.” Chapter XXII in Preventive Medicine in WWII, Volume IV, Communicable Diseases, Transmitted Chiefly Through Respiratory and Alimentary Tracts. Prepared and published under the direction of Major General S. B. Hays, Surgeon General, U.S. Army, with Colonel John Boyd Coates, Mr., Editor in Chief and Dr. Ebbe Curtis Hoff, Editor for Preventive Medicine. Washington, DC: Department of the Army, Office of the Surgeon General, 1958. Accessed 7-28-2013 at: http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/wwii/PM4/DEFAULT.htm
Laura’s Lineal and Collateral Ascent (genealogy website). Accessed 7-27-2013 at: http://www.ladkau.com/getperson.php?personID=I53&tree=tree1
Laurel County Historical Society. “Laurel County Deaths 1898.” Newsletter, Branches of Laurel, October 1993, at: http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~kylaurel/deaths/1898.htm
Lebanon Daily News, PA. “Several Important Facts” editorial. 1-24-1898, p. 2. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=126728189&sterm=typhoid
Lebanon Pioneer, IN. (May Cox). 1-13-1898, p. 4, col. 2. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=192909232&sterm=typhoid
Lewis, Samuel James (USGS). Quality of Water in the Upper Ohio River Basis and at Erie, PA (Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 161). Washington: GPO, 1906. Google digitized at: http://books.google.com/books?id=b_UoAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Logansport Chronicle, IN. “Epidemic at Macy.” 12-5-1898, p. 8. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=189863077&sterm=epidemic+of+typhoid
Logansport Daily Reporter, IN. “The Death Summons.” 1-3-1898, p. 8. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=83776237&sterm=typhoid
Manulik, Joseph. “1898 Typhoid Epidemic.” Minnesota Encyclopedia. Minnesota Historical Society. 11-25-2012. Accessed 7-12-2013: http://www.mnopedia.org/event/1898-typhoid-epidemic
Marion Daily Star, OH. “Cardington Notes.” 1-6-1898, p. 2. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com
Marshfield Times, WI. “Hospital Notes.” 12-30-1898, p. 5. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=52881121&sterm=typhoid+epidemic
Michigan Department of State. “Mortality in Michigan from Typhoid Fever, 1898-1903.” Michigan Monthly Bulletin of Vital Statistics, Vol. VI, No. 9, September, 1903, p. 71. Google digitized: http://books.google.com/books?id=ysFBAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=typhoid&f=false
Michigan Department of State (Cressy L. Wilbur, ed.). Thirty-Second Annual Report of the Secretary of State on the Registration of Births and Deaths, Marriages and Divorces in Michigan for the Year 1898. Lansing, MI: Robert Smith Printing Co., 1900. Google digitized at: http://books.google.com/books?id=htcWAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=typhoid&f=false
New Castle News, PA. “Albert Stewart.” 1-12-1898, p. 19, col. 5. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com
New Castle News, PA. “Mamie Morris.” 1-12-1898, p. 15, col. 1. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=62901588&sterm=typhoid
New Castle News, PA. “The Hospital Crowded…Suffering from Typhoid Fever.” 1-26-1898, p. 1. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=62243252&sterm=typhoid
New Castle News, PA. “William Alexander.” 1-5-1898, p. 15. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=62901584&sterm=typhoid
New York Times. “Typhoid in Philadelphia. The Epidemic Now Regarded as Practically at an End.” 4-23-1898. Accessed at: http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=F00D1FFF3C5C11738DDDAA0A94DC405B8885F0D3
Newark Daily Advocate, OH. “Death Near Frampton.” 1-8-1898, p. 8. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=6697905&sterm=typhoid
Newberry County, South Carolina Death Returns 1885-1898 A-J. Accessed 7-28-2013 at: http://genealogytrails.com/scar/newberry/death_returns2_1885-1898.htm
Oakland Tribune, CA. “Death Ends a Noble Young Life.” 1-3-1898, p. 2. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=43816765&sterm=typhoid
Osler, William, M.D. (Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University). The Problem of Typhoid Fever in the United States (An Address delivered before the Medical Society of the State of New York, February 1st, 1899). Baltimore: John Murphy Co., 1899. Google digitized: http://books.google.com/books?id=bQsTAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
PBS. American Experience. The Great Fever. “Scourge of the Spanish American War.” Accessed 3-2-2020 at: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/fever-scourge-spanish-american-war/
Pierce, Gerald Joseph. Public and Private Voices: The Typhoid Fever Experience at Camp Thomas, 1898. History Dissertations, Department of History, Georgia State University 11-20-2007. Accessed 3-2-2020 at: http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1006&context=history_diss
Poseyville News, IN. “Expert Bareback Rider Dead.” 1-21-1898, p. 7, col. 1. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=190027101&sterm=typhoid
Postville Review. IA. [William Kampka typhoid death.] 1-21-1898, p. 3, col. 2. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=158239298&sterm=typhoid
Reed, Walter, Victor C. Vaughan, and Edward O. Shakespeare. Report on the Origin and Spread of Typhoid Fever in U.S. Military Camps During The Spanish War of 1898 (Vol. 1). Washington: GPO, 1904. Google digitized at: http://books.google.com/books?id=XHfhAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Robb, Cairo A. R. (ed.). “Missouri v. Illinois and the Sanitary District of Chicago.” Case in: International Environmental Law Reports, Volume 1, Early Decisions. “Missouri v. Illinois and the Sanitary District of Chicago.” Cambridge, UK: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 1999. Partially Google digitized at: http://books.google.com/books?id=lPfl8R6LPkQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
San Antonio Sunday Light, TX. “A Doctor’s Fee.” 1-9-1898, p. 1. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=58031833&sterm=typhoid
Smallman-Raynor, M. R., and A. D. Cliff. War Epidemics: An Historical Geography of Infectious Diseases in Military Conflict and Civil Strife, 1850-2000. Oxford University Press, 2004. Google preview accessed 3-3-2020 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=eSR18bn56ysC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=true
Sunday Leader, Eau Claire, WI. [F. S. Darling]. 1-16-1898, p. 5. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=100725580&sterm=typhoid
Superior Board of Health and Board of Charities, Chief Surgeon’s Office, Department of Porto Rico, United States Army. Military Government of Porto Rico from October 18, 1898, to April 30, 1900. Appendices to the Report of the Military Governor. Epitome of Reports of I. The Superior Board of Health. II. The Board of Charities. Washington: GPO, 1901. Google digitized: http://books.google.com/books?id=zJrSfnZK7PgC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
The Maryland Twenty One. Accessed 7-27-2013 at: http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:4fDCFH63aE8J:xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/16952295/1428517338/name/The%2BMaryland%2BTwenty%2BOne.doc+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us&client=firefox-a
The World, NYC. “The News.” 12-7-1898, p. 6. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=137354008&sterm=epidemic+of+typhoid
United States, Commission Appointed by the President to Investigate the Conduct of the War Department in the War with Spain. Report of the Commission Appointed by the President to Investigate the Conduct of the War Department in the War with Spain (Vol. 2 of 8 Volumes). Washington: GPO, 1900 (Senate Document No. 221, 56th Congress, 1st. Session). Accessed at: http://archive.org/details/conductwardept02dodgrich
Upper Des Moines, Algona, IA. “Semi-Local News Notes.” 1-5-1898, 1. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=122686606&sterm=typhoid
Waterloo Daily Courier, IA. “B. W. Jones Dead. Was Pastor of Church of the Redeemer in 1893. Dies at Barre, Vermont.” 1-20-1898, 1. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=93279953&sterm=typhoid
Weekly Wisconsin, Milwaukee. (Louis Schultz, typhoid death at age 32). 1-22-1898, 4, col. 5. At: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=120031147&sterm=typhoid
Williamsburg Journal,, IA. “Typhoid Fever Epidemic.” 10-21-1898, p. 6. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=129398741&sterm=epidemic+of+typhoid
Willcox, W. F. (Cornell Univ.). “Typhoid Fever in New York State in 1898.” Medical Review of Reviews, Vol. 5, No. 5, 5-25-1899, pp. 376-377. Google digitized at: http://books.google.com/books?id=ayKgAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Williamsburg Journal,, IA. “Typhoid Fever Epidemic.” 10-21-1898, p. 6. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=129398741&sterm=epidemic+of+typhoid
Also see:
Cirillo, Vincent J. Bullets and Bacilli: The Spanish-American War and Military Medicine. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1999. Google preview accessed 3-2-2020 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=_rG9HWy6fVkC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Cosmos, Graham A. An Army for Empire: The United States Army in the Spanish-American War. College Station, TX: Texan A&M University Press, 1994. Google preview accessed 3-3-2020 at:
https://www.google.com/books/edition/An_Army_for_Empire/q35B829vNQEC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=An+Army+for+Empire:+The+United+States+Army+in+the+Spanish-American+War.&printsec=frontcover
Yale News, “Typhoid’s lethal secret revealed by Yale researchers.” 8010-2013.
http://news.yale.edu/2013/07/10/typhoid-s-lethal-secret-revealed-yale-researchers?utm_source=eline&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=eline-07-2013
[1] We are using the Reed et al. figure in that it focuses on deaths in military camps in the U.S.
[2] The figure 1,900 is for typhoid-identified deaths from identified State Regiments and other units (106), and is not death location based. We tallied this figure from the State and Regimental breakouts below.
[3] This is for 92 of the 106 regiments for which data was collected and described in the report.
[4] “…troops stationed away from the fighting [Spanish-American War] also faced danger. When the Spanish-American War was declared, thousands of U.S. volunteers entered training camps in the southeastern United States. Though the surgeon general advised soldiers to maintain sanitary conditions, the camps were filthy, leading to a deadly typhoid outbreak. Of 171,000 personnel, 20,700 contracted the disease and more than 1,500 died.”
[5] “The Second Alabama began to assemble at Camp Clark, on Mobile Bay, April 30, but was not mustered into the service of the United States until June 5. At Camp Clark the water supply was distributed through the regiments in pipes from Mobile. Pits were used for the disposal of fecal matter, and the garbage was deposited in barrels and carted away twice a day by scavengers. Company H of this regiment was recruited at Troy, Ala., at which place there was at the time of the enlistment of this company an epidemic of typhoid….The regiment arrived at Miami, Fla., June 30, 1898.” (p. 523.)
[6] Several entries note the place of death as “Camp Shipp” which was located at Anniston
[7] At least one entry is for Camp Wheeler, which was at Huntsville – later renamed Camp Albert G. Forse. (Greguras, Fred. Spanish American War Camps 1898-99 (website). 2005. Accessed 7-16-2013.
[8] The location is written as Camp Wheeler, Ga. Camp Wheeler, however, was at Huntsville, Alabama. In addition, many of the deaths from this NY Regiment are listed as occurring in Huntsville.
[9] Near Prescott, AZ.
[10] Volunteer military deaths not covered by Reed, et al. in their report on typhoid in certain military camps. So as not to confuse the numbers we list them here. The article actually states “several” deaths.
[11] “The regiment left Little Rock on May 25 and arrived at Camp George H. Thomas, Chickamauga Park, Ga., May 27, 1898….its first case of recognized typhoid fever appeared June 6, and numerous cases immediately followed. It is…a fair presumption that this regiment became infected before it left its camp at Little Rock, Ark. This must be regarded as one of the regiments which brought the typhoid infection into the camp at Chickamauga Park.” (p. 223) Reed, et al. note that there are no or incomplete records on the disposition of many men diagnosed with typhoid as well as other ailments thought to be typhoid in this regiment. Pages 228-229 were not reproduced in the Google digitization, thus the figures we record are incomplete. The total typhoid fatality figure is at p. 266.
[12] Our calculation based on notation that average yearly typhoid death rate during 1880-1889 was 38 per 100,000. 1890 pop. was 746,258 and 1900 pop was 908,355, leading to prorated 1898 pop of 877,935 times death rate.
[13] Mustered in at Niantic, Conn., May 14, 1898. Moved to Camp Alger, VA, July 19 [where most if not all the typhoid deaths occurred]. Left Camp Alger for Camp Haven, Niantic, Sep 7, arriving Sep 8. (pp. 336-337)
[14] Both victims were on a hospital train out of Tampa, location not noted at time of death.
[15] Ten Georgians died and 761 troops from the First Army Corps (344) and Third Army Corps (417). Reed, p. 675.
[16] Regiment mustered in May 14, Griffin, Ga. Arrived Tampa, May 21. First recognized Typhoid case, June 8. Left Tampa Aug 19 for Huntsville, arriving Aug 21. Number of probable typhoid cases developed at Tampa…87. “Number of cases of probable typhoid fever developed after leaving Tampa…97….We are quite…convinced that the number 184 is not sufficiently large to indicate the actual number of cases of typhoid fever in this regiment.”
[17] Also “Chickamauga Park.” We have entered under “Chickamauga,” those entries listed as “Camp Thomas,” in that Camp Thomas was located at Chickamauga. We also have entered under “Chickamauga,” those entries listed as “Leiter Hospital,” and Sternberg Field Hospital, in that both were located at Chickamauga.
[18] East Point, GA, southwest edge of Atlanta. (Wikipedia. “Fort McPherson.” 3-24-2013 modification.)
[19] “The First Illinois Volunteer Cavalry was mustered into service May 21, 1898, at Springfield, Ill….” (p. 271) “Arrived at Chickamauga Park, Ga., June 1, 1898. Date of first case of probable typhoid fever, June 10, 1898. Date of first case of recognized typhoid fever, June 20, 1898. Left Chickamauga Park, Ga., August 25, 1898….Number of cases of probable typhoid fever developed at Chickamauga…159. Went from Chickamauga Park to Fort Sheridan, Ill. Number of cases of probable typhoid fever developed after leaving Chickamauga Park…61.”….“We have tabulated 220 cases of probable typhoid fever in this regiment.” (p. 272)
[20] Regiment assembled at Camp Turner, Springfield, IL in May. Left for Camp Cuba Libre, Jacksonville, FL May 19, arriving May 23. Stayed through Oct. 24. Then moved to Camp Onward, near Savannah, GA, remaining until Dec 10. Was at Camp Columbia, Havana, Cuba in Dec. (pp. 539-542.) Fifteen of the eighteen typhoid deaths occurred while stationed in Jacksonville. Two were in Oct and one in Nov.
[21] These were during deployment at CampAlger, VA.
[22] “The regiment was in its State camp near Springfield, Ill., from June 28 to August 5. It was in the national camp at Jacksonville, Fla., from August 8 to October 21. It was in Camp Onward, near Savannah, Ga., from October 22 to December 31, 1898. It was mustered out on the 26th of May, 1899, at Augusta, Ga. The initial date of the first probable attack of typhoid fever was as early as July 6. It is beyond doubt that this regiment arrived in the national camp at Jacksonville, Fla., already infected with typhoid fever.” (p. 572.)
[23] Miss Jessie McKinley – “…a distant relative of the president.”
[24] Henry Antrap, 6; Louise Hattendorf, 19. Did not count again David Griffith, 49, noted Jan 14.
[25] Our calculation based on Lewis, S.J. Quality of Water in the Upper Ohio River Basin and at Erie, PA. Lewis notes a typhoid death rate of 42 per 100,000. Extrapolating from an 1890 pop. of 105,436 and a 1900 pop. of 169,164 we arrive at approximately 64 typhoid deaths. Indianapolis population estimates were taken from: http://physics.bu.edu/~redner/projects/population/cities/indianapolis.html
[26] The newspaper article states that “several” died of typhoid. We translate “several” into 3 for counting purposes.
[27] Regiment mustered about May 10 in Indianapolis, leaving May 15 for Chickamauga Park, GA before moving to Port Tampa City, FL, June 1. There was no sickness prior to Chickamauga. “There were 7 cases during June. During July the disease slowly spread and acquired epidemic proportions toward the last of this month.” (pp. 491-492.)
[28] Mustered in May 13, 1898, Camp Mount, Indianapolis. Moved May 22 for Camp Alger, VA, arriving May 24. Left Aug 3 for Thoroughfare, VA and thence for Camp Meade, PA, arriving Aug 25. Departed Sep 11 for Indianapolis, arriving Sep 12. (p. 345-346.)
[29] Indianapolis.
[30] First number is for Iowa troops dying of typhoid. Second is for troops dying of typhoid within Iowa.
[31] Regiment formed in Des Moines, Apr 26-June 11, moving to Jacksonville, FL, June 14-Oct 25, to Savannah, GA Oct 26-Dec 19, to Cuba Dec 23. Mustered out May 13, 1899 at Savannah. All regimental disease deaths were due to typhoid. (pp. 604-605.)
[32] Regiment assembled at Des Moines at State Fair Grounds from April 26 to May 17 when it was mustered in. Moved to Jacksonville, FL, arriving May 25. Appears to have left Jacksonville back to Des Moines on Sep 17, arriving Sep 21 for 3-day furlough prior to being mustered-out. (pp. 559-561, 564.)
[33] “This regiment was mustered into service at Camp McKinley, Des Moines, Iowa, May 25, 1898. It left Camp McKinley May 28, and arrived at Chickamauga Park, Ga., May 31….Date of first case of probable typhoid fever, June 8, 1898….Left Chickamauga Park, Ga., August 28, 1898….Number of cases of probable typhoid fever developed at Chickamauga…257. Went from Chickamauga Park, Ga., to Des Moines, Iowa. Number of cases of probable typhoid fever developed after leaving Chickamauga…88.” (p. 256)
[34] First number is for Kansas troops dying of typhoid. Second is for troops dying of typhoid within Kansas.
[35] Mustered in early May, 1898 at Camp Leedy, Topeka, KS. Arrived Camp Alger, VA, May 28 [clean/no typhoid]. Left Alger, arriving Camp Meade, PA, Aug 10. Departed for Fort Leavenworth on Sep 9; furloughed for 30 days on Sep 12. (pp. 343-344)
[36] Reprinted from the Laurel County Historical Society’s Newsletter, Branches of Laurel, October 1993.
[37] First number is for Kentucky troops dying of typhoid. Second is for troops dying of typhoid within Kentucky.
[38] At or near Lexington, KY. Also referred to as Fort Hamilton at page 41.
[39] On Ohio River, opposite Ohio and near Covington, KY and Cincinnati, OH.
[40] Regiment assembled at New Orleans about May 1. About June 5 arrived at Camp Coppinger, Spring Hill, near Mobile, AL, with no typhoid reported. Moved to Jacksonville, FL, arriving Aug 10. (pp. 525-526.)
[41] Regiment assembled at New Orleans fair-grounds May 2. Left May 29 for Mobile, Ala. and then on to Miami, reaching there June 29. “Whatever the source, there can be no doubt that this regiment became quite seriously infected with typhoid fever at Mobile.” (p. 527.)
[42] First number is for Maine troops dying of typhoid. Second is for troops dying of typhoid within Maine.
[43] “In Baltimore we are a little better off [than Philadelphia] though typhoid fever prevails extensively, and more than two hundred people die of it annually. The city is unsewered, with 80,000 cess-pools, and has a water supply with unprotected sources. With proper sanitary measures the present death rate of between 40 and 50 per 100,000 of the population should fall to 10 or 12.”
[44] Most of these typhoid deaths were at Camp Meade, PA.
[45] Assembled late April at Pimlico race track. Moved to Chickamauga GA May 19, arriving May 21. Ordered to Tampa, FL, June 2nd, arriving June 5. First typhoid death was at Tampa on July 29. Moved to Huntsville, AL in mid-to-late-Aug. Ordered back to MD on Sep 5. (The Maryland Twenty One.) This website is a memorial to the twenty-one men of the Fifth Maryland Infantry Regiment who died in 1898 during deployment to training camps in the U.S. upon outbreak of the Spanish-American War.
[46] Arrived at Camp Meade of Sep 11. (p. 456)
[47] Mustered in at Framingham, MA, May 13, 1898. Arrived at Camp Alger, Va., May 22, remaining until July 5 when it left for Puerto Rico. (p. 321) On October 20-21 regiment boarded transport Mississippi at San Juan harbor, which sailed Oct 22 for Boston, arriving on Oct 27. (p. 323)
[48] In 1897 there 774 typhoid deaths. (Osler. The Problem of Typhoid Fever in the United States. 1899, p. 10.
[49] First number is for Michigan troops dying of typhoid. Second is for troops dying of typhoid within Michigan.
[50] Regiment mustered in at Camp Eaton, Island Lake, MI, about May 10. Arrived Tampa May 22. Date of 1st case of recognized typhoid fever, July 5. Left Tampa July 26 for Fernandina, FL, arriving July 28. Left Fernandina about Sep 1, arriving Huntsville, AL, about Sep 2. Left Huntsville about Sep 12. (p. 493.)
[51] Most of these typhoid deaths were at Camp Meade, PA.
[52] “This regiment was mustered into service at Camp Patrick Henry, Jackson, Miss., May 26, 1898. It left Jackson May 30, and arrived at Chickamauga Park, Ga., May 31.” (p. 257) “Date of first case of recognized typhoid fever, June 1, 1898. Left Chickamauga…September 8, 1898….Number of cases of probable typhoid fever developed at Chickamauga…388. Went from Chickamauga Park, Ga., to Lauderdale, Miss., and was here disbanded on furlough. Number of cases of probable typhoid fever developed after leaving Chickamauga…9.” (p. 263)
[53] These are deaths due to “recognized” typhoid. “This regiment was mustered into service, May 10, 1898, at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., and remained in camp at that point till May 26, on which date it left for Camp Alger, Va., arriving May 29….Had no typhoid fever at State encampment [MO]…Date of first case of recognized typhoid fever…June 20…” Left for Camp Meade PA in August. (pp. 357-358)
[54] Regiment mustered in on May 14, 1898 at St. Louis. Moved to Camp Alger, VA, arriving May 27. Left for Camp Meade, PA Aug 20., with cases of typhoid still occurring until end of Sep. Left Camp Meade Nov 14 for Camp Wetherill, SC, arriving Nov 17 (pp. 352 and 354).
[55] “It will be seen from these figures that it is not at all likely that we have obtained the full list of cases of typhoid fever.” (p. 177).
[56] Regiment assembled at Camp Voorhees, Sea Girt, NJ, Apr 27. Left for Camp Cuba Libre, Jacksonville, FL, June 1, arriving June 3. Was at Pablo Beach Sep 2-22, departing by rail for Sea Girt to muster out. The typhoid deaths were one in July, 6 in Aug, 16 in Sep, 2 in Oct, and 4 in Nov. The 29 typhoid deaths were out of 32 deaths from all illness and disease. (pp. 531, 535-37.)
[57] From table: “Death rate from typhoid fever in certain cities in the United States.”
[58] “It will be…seen…that we have not obtained a complete list of cases of typhoid fever in this regiment.” (p. 182).
[59] Mustered at Camp Black, Long Island about May 15, 1898. Left for Camp Alger, VA, arriving May 29 free of typhoid cases. Moved through Thoroughfare Gap, VA to Camp Meade, PA in late August., departing Sep 13 for NY to be mustered out (pp. 347-348). Most, if not all, of the typhoid deaths were at Camp Alger, VA.
[60] “Total number of probable cases of typhoid fever developed in the Eighth New York Volunteer Infantry from May to September, 1898…425. These 425 cases were diagnosed as follows: Typhoid fever…190, Malaria…212, Diarrhea…22, Intestinal colic…1.” (p. 203)
[61] “On June 10 Major Hubbard [of 9th NY Regiment] was detached from his regiment and sent to the division hospital. He stated that more than 90 per cent of the cases of typhoid fever brought to this hospital [Regimental while at Chickamauga] were not properly diagnosed by the regimental surgeon.” (p. 221) “It will be noticed that in number of deaths from typhoid fever this regiment leads all others at Chickamauga.” (p. 222)
[62] The Sixty-fifth New York Infantry was assembled at Camp Black, Hempstead, N.Y., and remained encamped at that point from May 2 to May 19, 1898….The regiment left Camp Black, Long Island, on May 19, and arrived at Camp Alger, Va., on the following day….
[63] From Sep through Dec, with 10 of the 19 in Sep. (p. 464.)
[64] This was at Camp Alger, VA.
[65] Approximately half of these deaths occurred while the Regiment was in Jacksonville, FL. (Reed 1904, 556.)
[66] Regiment mustered in at Raleigh in early May, leaving for Jacksonville, FL on May 22, arriving May 23. Left there Oct 24 for Savannah, GA, arriving Oct 25, remaining through Nov. and part of Dec. before moving to Camp Columbian, near Havana Cuba in late Dec. (pp. 551, 555.)
[67] Lewis writes that the typhoid death rate was 28 per 100,000 pop. We extrapolated from 1890 pop. of 88, 150 and 1900 population of 125,560 to derive a 1898 population of approximately 118,078 times a death rate of 28 to derive 33.06184 deaths. Population estimates at: http://physics.bu.edu/~redner/projects/population/cities/columbus.html
[68] Our extrapolation based on Lewis statement that the typhoid death rate per 100,000 was 24, and 1900 population estimate of 38, 253 found at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield,_Ohio
[69] “…regiment assembled at Columbus, Ohio…mustered…May 9, 1898.” (p. 273) “Arrived at Chickamauga Park, Ga., May 15, 1898….Date of first case of probable typhoid fever May 11… Date of first case of recognized typhoid fever July 4… Left Chickamauga Park, Ga., July 13….Number of cases of probable typhoid fever developed at Chickamauga…9. Number of cases of probable typhoid fever developed after leaving Chickamauga…180.” (p. 274)
[70] “This regiment was mustered into service at Columbus, Ohio, May 6 and 7, 1898…transferred to Chickamauga Park, Ga., May 16. It remained at this place until June 1, and on June 2 arrived at Tampa, Fla. [Port Tampa City]” (p. 484.) “Date of first case of recognized typhoid fever, July 22, 1898….Arrived at Fernandina, Fla., July 28, 1898. Left Fernandina, Fla., August 27, 1898….Arrived Jacksonville, Fla., August 28, 1898.(p. 486.)
[71] Regiment mustered in May 11 at Columbus. Left May 18 for Tampa, arriving May 21 and staying June and July. “It is evident that this regiment became infected with typhoid fever before it left Columbus.” Moved from Tampa to Fernandina, FL. Left Fernandina for Cleveland, arriving Sep 12. Twenty of 22 regimental deaths were from typhoid.
[72] Mustered into service May 14, 1898 at Columbus, OH. On May 19 moved to Camp Alger, VA, arriving May 21. Left Camp Alger, Sep 1 for Columbus, OH. Furloughed on Sep 27. Reassembled Oct 26. (p. 318)
[73] One of these was Camp Alger, VA, and nine at hospitals in Montauk Point, NY after arrival back from Cuba. Reed et al. were not able to ascertain status of troops and typhoid while in Cuba.
[74] “Three companies of this battalion were mustered in on the 14th of May at Columbus, Ohio; the fourth company on the 8th of August, 1898. Departed for Camp Alger, VA, arriving on May 20. “The battalion did not import typhoid fever into its Virginia camp, no case of this disease having developed until July 23, when the first case was diagnosed. Left for Camp Meade, PA on Aug 16, arriving next day. Left “for the South” on Nov 14. (pp. 355, 357)
[75] Calculation based on typhoid death rate of 189. Population in 1890 was 3,095 according to The Chronicle Fire Tables for 1894, “Places Having a Population of 1,000 and Upward in 1890. Continued. (From the Eleventh Census of the United States).” for p. 303. Lewis writes that “The disease may be said to have been continuously epidemic here for years…the number of deaths being among the highest in the country.”
[76] “Philadelphia, the most typical American city…presents to-day a state of appalling apathy. For years the diluted sewage of the Schuylkill Valley has furnished drink to its best citizens, who bathe for many days of the year in water resembling a thin pea-soup….Last week (ending January 28th) there were 40 deaths from typhoid fever in the city, and 427 cases reported! Last year it is estimated that there were between 5,000 and 6,000 cases of typhoid fever, 600+ of which were fatal. A writer in the Philadelphia Medical Journal last week estimates the annual money loss from this disease at a million and a half dollars.”
[77] This figure is actually the annual average for typhoid deaths in Pittsburgh over the preceding decade: ““The vital statistics of Pittsburgh show conclusively that typhoid fever has for many years been an important factor in the death rate of the city. During the past decade it has been the assigned cause of 2,245 deaths, an average of 224.5 deaths per annum. During these last ten years, and probably for a very much longer period, Pittsburgh has never been wholly free from typhoid fever, but on the contrary most of the time has contained a large number of cases; for at no time within the last ten years have there been fewer than four deaths per month attributed to this disease, while the monthly average has been very much larger, namely, 18.7 deaths. These figures mean that during the last decade there have been in the city of Pittsburgh very rarely, if ever, at any one time, fewer than one or two score of cases of typhoid fever, while there has been on the whole a probable average of between 150 and 200 cases at any given time.” (Pittsburgh Filtration Commission. Report of… Jan, 1899, p. 11.)
[78] Regiment mustered at Mount Gretna, PA in April, remaining until May 18, when a battalion was sent to Pompton Lakes, NJ to guard Laflin-Rand Powder Works, then to Penngrove, NJ to guard Du Pont Powder Works at Carneys Point, staying through the summer. Second battalion left Mount Gretna on May 19 to guard D Pont Powder Works at Montchanin, Del. Entire command returned to Philadelphia to muster out on Sep 15. While at Penngrove a sergeant died of typhoid: “He had been absent in Philadelphia for some time previous to his illness.” (p. 470.) “The absence of typhoid fever in the battalion at Montchanin, Del., is rendered more remarkable by the fact that in the little village of Rising Sun, about 1 mile from the camp at Montchanin, there was an epidemic of typhoid fever in which there occurred 18 cases and 2 deaths in a period of about four weeks. It was to this village that the men were in the habit of resorting for their amusement when off duty, as it contained the nearest saloons…” (pp. 470-471.)
[79] Month of June this regiment was located at Port Tampa, Fla. Ordered to Philadelphia to be mustered out Sep 8. Ten of the 12 deaths this regiment experienced were due to typhoid.
[80] Regiment mustered in at Mount Gretna, early May, 1898, moving May 19 for Camp Alger, VA, arriving same day. Left on Aug 3 for Thoroughfare Gap, VA, arriving about Aug 9. Departed for Camp Meade, arriving Aug 25. Departed Sep 7 to be mustered out. (pp. 350-351).
[81] Mustered at Scranton and moved to Mount Gretna, PA on April 28. Moved to Camp Alger, VA on May 19. moved to near Dunn Loring, VA on July 18. (p. 331) Moved to Camp Meade, PA on August 31.
We are not including this number in our total in that it refers to Puerto Rican deaths prior, for the most part, to the U.S. invasion and Spain’s ceding the territory to the U.S. According to this same report typhoid deaths in Puerto Rico in 1895 were 347, 479 in 1896, 405 in 1897, and 346 in 1899.
[83] Regiment mustered in May 8-15, Quonset Point, RI. Arrived Camp Alger, VA, May 28. “Did not import typhoid fever into Virginia camp.” Left for Camp Meade, PA Aug 3, arriving Aug 23. Departed for Columbia, SC, Nov 13.
[84] Regiment mustered in at Nashville, May 24. Arrived Camp Alger, VA May 29. 1st recognized typhoid case, June 29. Total cases of recognized and probable typhoid–192. Left Aug 9 for Camp Meade, PA, arriving Aug 25. Left for Columbia, SD Nov 10.
[85] Assembled at Camp Walter, Knoxville, TN and mustered-in on July 14, 1898. Departed for Chickamauga July 31 and arrived late that night. “From August 24 to October 4, the date when this regiment left Chickamauga, 98 cases of protracted fever were sent from this command to Sternberg Hospital. Eighty-six of these were diagnosed as typhoid fever, 11 as malaria, and 1 as dysentery.” (pp. 277-278) The report relates that: “More than usual care was exercised in order to protect it against this infection, the prevalence of which was at that time well known and thoroughly dreaded. Notwithstanding all the precautions taken, typhoid fever appears after the regiment has been at this place for three weeks, and within the next ten days develops into an epidemic, and within a little more than a month this command sends 86 cases of typhoid fever to the hospital….details from this regiment acted as guards at Sternberg Hospital, where they came in contact with infected orderlies and most likely received food and drink from the hands of men whose business it was to dispose of the excretions of typhoid patients. In moving about the park in any direction whatsoever these men were likely to soil their feet with infected filth. On the morning of October 6, 1898, this regiment broke camp and took train for Jersey City, N.J., arriving at this place on the evening of October 8. On the morning of October 9 it embarked on the transport Mississippi and sailed for San Juan, P.R., arriving on the morning of October 15, but not landing until the morning of October 17….Thirty-four cases of recognized typhoid fever occurred in this regiment from the time it reached Porto Rico up to December….We have not consulted records later than December…We will not attempt to determine the exact number of cases of typhoid fever in this regiment.” Clearly, however, the report’s authors thought the typhoid fatalities higher than one.
[86] Knoxville, TN.
[87] Posted on The Spanish American War Centennial Website. Posted is a transcription of The Journal and Tribune, Knoxville, TN. “Roster of Deaths Which Occurred in Camp Poland Since Sept. 8th. Twelve cases in Which No Record Was Kept. Names of Forty-Seven With Places of Residence and Burial – One Female Nurse Among Them.” 1-26-1899. The cause of death, however, was not noted.
[88] Cites Dallas Daily Times Herald, 1-23-1898, p. 3, col. 2.
[89] Cites Dallas Daily Times Herald, 6-26-1898, p. 2, cols. 1-2.
[90] Cites: Dallas Daily Times Herald, 7-24-1898, p. 5, cols. 5-6.
[91] Cites: Dallas Daily Times Herald, 7-24-1898, p. 5, cols. 5-6.
[92] Cites: Dallas Daily Times Herald, 7-20-1898, p. 8, col. 2.
[93] Cites: Dallas Daily Times Herald, 7-24-1898, p. 5, cols. 5-6.
[94] Cites: Dallas Daily Times Herald, 8-14-1898, p. 5, col. 3.
[95] Cites: Dallas Daily Times Herald, 8-14-1898, p. 5, col. 3.
[96] Cites: Dallas Daily Times Herald, 9-11-1898, p. 8, col. 5.
[97] Cites: Dallas Daily Times Herald, 9-25-1898, p. 8, col. 7.
[98] Cites: Dallas Daily Times Herald, 10-2-1898, p. 28, col. 3.
[99] Cites: Dallas Daily Times Herald, 11-20-1898, p. 4, col. 2.
[100] Cites: Dallas Morning News, 11-27-1898, p. 24, col. 4.
[101] Cites: Dallas Morning News, 12-11-1898, p. 5, col. 1.
[102] Cites Dallas Morning News 7-1-1898. Accessed at: http://boards.ancestry.com/surnames.harper/3651/mb.ashx
[103] Assembled at Austin, May 3. Left for Mobile, May 19. (“One man who was with the regiment for about one week, but who was not enlisted, was taken ill while at Austin, went home, and died a few weeks later of typhoid fever.”) Reached Camp Coppinger at Mobile May 21. “While here 2 cases of typhoid fever developed and were left when the regiment was sent to Miami, the last of June. One of these…died.” Regiment left Miami Aug 8 for Jacksonville, arriving Aug 9 and remaining for Sep.
[104] Regiment assembled at Austin about May 7. Left for Camp Coppinger, Mobile, Ala., May 20, arriving May 23. Left Mobile for Miami June 26, arriving June 28. “On July 1 a case of typhoid fever was sent to the division hospital, and several others followed within the next three days.” (p. 529.)
[105] Reed, et al. write that from May to Sep, 1898 there were 278 “probable” case of typhoid in this Division, of which only 84 were diagnosed by Div. physicians as typhoid. Most of the remainder (132) were diagnosed as Malaria, with the next largest listed cause of death (diarrhea), at 47, and other “probable” typhoid deaths listed as dysentery, Enteritis, Gastritis, General debility, and Indigestion. (p. 191)
[106] Regiment formed in Richmond May 10-June 1, then to Jacksonville, FL, June 3-Sep 19, and to Salem, VA where it mustered out Dec 16.
[107] Mustered at Richmond, VA, May 14. Moved to Camp Alger, VA, June 5. Moved to Dunn Loring, VA on Aug 1.
[108] Regiment formed in Richmond May 9-June 5, moving to Jacksonville, FL, June 7-Oct 25, to camp near Savannah, GA, Oct 27-Dec 15, and to Camp Columbia, near Havana, Cuba Dec 21-31. (p. 597) Most typhoid deaths were in Jacksonville. One typhoid death in June, 2 in July, 2 in Aug, 7 in Oct, 7 in Nov, 2 in Dec. (p. 596.)
[109] “Camp Alger, near Falls Church, Virginia, was established May 18, 1898, for the Spanish American War effort. [Cites Report of the Commission Appointed by the President to Investigate the Conduct of the War Department in the War with Spain. GPO, 1899.] It was approved by Secretary of War Russell A. Alger for whom it was named.” (Wikipedia. “Camp Alger,” 2-17-2012 modification.)
[110] Located just over 7 miles west of Washington, DC, and about 6½ miles south of the Potomac River.
[111] Regiment was in its State camp near Milwaukee April 28 to May 21. Was at Jacksonville, Fla., May 24-Sep 7, when it left for Milwaukee, preparatory to muster out on the Oct 19. “Although the first case of typhoid made its appearance seven days before the regiment left the state camp…there is room to doubt if the first case gave origin to the epidemic of typhoid fever in the regiment.” 46 of 48 regimental deaths were due to typhoid. (p. 581.)
[112] “This regiment was recruited chiefly in Montana, Idaho, and the Dakotas. It arrived at Chickamauga Park in detachments…May 23…May 27…May 28…May 29…May 30.” (p. 269) “Strength on arrival, 1,004. Date of first case of probable typhoid fever, June 15, 1898. Date of first case of recognized typhoid fever, June 23, 1898. Left Chickamauga Park September 10, 1898….Number of cases of probable typhoid fever developed at Chickamauga…270.” (p. 270)
[113] Stationed in camp near Mobile, Ala., May 15-31. Moved to Tampa where June sick report was filed. Report for July could not be located. “This is especially to be regretted, because the conditions to which the men ere subjected during June and July had large influence in determining the number of cases of typhoid fever. We can only state that it is the testimony of all army officers at Tampa that the camp of this regiment near Tampa Bay Hotel became exceedingly filthy. Left Tampa Aug 14 for Huntsville, Ala., arriving Aug 18 and remaining through Sep, at nearby Camp Wheeler. Fourteen of 16 regimental deaths were due to typhoid.
[114] Middletown, near State Capitol of Harrisburg.
[115] Cites as Bibliography: Anfinson, John O. A Fickle Partner: Minneapolis and the Mississippi River. The City, the River, the Bridge: Before and After the Minneapolis Bridge Collapse. Edited by Patrick Nunnally. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2011; RA644.T8 M6 — Report of Investigations of the Typhoid Fever Epidemic, Minneapolis, 1935. Minnesota Department of Health, 1936, Manuscript Collection, Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul (Description: Catalog of the Department of Health’s typhoid epidemic patients and statistics from 1888 to 1935.); Report on the Origin and Spread of Typhoid Fever in U.S. Military Camps During the Spanish War of 1898. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1904; Turner, Tell Arminius. Story of the Fifteenth Minnesota Volunteer Infantry. Minneapolis: Lessard Printing Co., 1899.
[116] Blanchard comment. Still, better communication back down the line that a diagnosis of typhoid had been made, overturning an incorrect diagnosis, would have been helpful as a general practice.
[117] Rhode Island – contiguous to Pawtucket.