1899 — Jan 29-Feb 14, Arctic Cold, Snow, Blizzards, esp. east and south of Rockies — 190

—  190  Blanchard tally from State and locality breakouts below.

—  105  Henry, A.J. “The Weather of the Month.” Monthly Weather Review, 27/2, Feb 1899, p50.

–>100  NOAA, NCEI. Climate History: The Great Arctic Outbreak of February 1899.

 

Summary of State Breakouts Below

 

Alabama                    (    2)

Arkansas                    (    2)

Colorado                    (  24)

Connecticut               (    2)

Delaware                    (    2)

District of Columbia (    1)

Georgia                      (    1)

Idaho                          (    1)

Illinois                        (  11)

Indiana                       (>10)

Iowa                            (    7)

Kansas                       (    1)

Kentucky                   (    6)

Louisiana                   (    6)

Maine                         (    2)

Maryland                   (~14)

Massachusetts           (    2)

Missouri                     (  11)

Montana                    (    1)

Nebraska                    (    1)

New Jersey                (    5)

New York                   (  19)

North Carolina          (    2)

Ohio                           (    8)

Pennsylvania             (  14)

South Carolina          (    2)

South Dakota             (    1)

Tennessee                   (    2)

Texas                          (  15)

Virginia                      (    4)

Washington               (    1)

West Virginia            (    4)

Wisconsin                  (    2)

Wyoming                   (    4)

 

Breakout of Fatalities by State and Locality (where noted):

 

Alabama        (  2)

–2  Henry, A.J. “The Weather of the Month.” Monthly Weather Review, 27/2, Feb 1899, p. 50.

 

Arkansas        (  2)

–2  Henry, A.J. “The Weather of the Month.” Monthly Weather Review, 27/2, Feb 1899, p. 50.

–1  Little Rock area, Feb 13 report. Mail carrier [Brozler] found frozen to death.[1]

 

Colorado        (24) (Includes Silver Plume avalanche of Feb 12, taking 10-11 lives.)

–24  Henry, A.J. “The Weather of the Month.” Monthly Weather Review, 27/2, Feb 1899, p50.

–22  Blanchard tally from locality breakout below.

—  3  Apex, Pine Creek district, Jan 29. Snowslide; Mrs. William Rudolph and two children.[2]

—  3  Glenwood area, Rio Grande railroad, Feb 2. Avalanche; McMahan, Dempsey, Mulvahill.[3]

—  1  Gordon Gulch, Twin Lakes area, Feb 2 (body brought to Leadville). Avalanche; Billy Manning.[4]

—  2  Montrose area, Uncompahgre River. Drowning; children playing on ice; ice breaks.[5]

—  1  Pike’s Peak, Feb 3. Frozen to death during blizzard; prospector James N. Holmes.[6]

–11  Silver Plume.[7] Centralia Daily Sentinel, IL. “Death in an Avalanche.” 2-13-1899, p. 4.

–4  Dominick Destafno, wife, son, 5, and daughter, 2.[8]

–3  Jos., Peter and John Tonderna.

–1  Jerome Guananzi.

–1  John Bietto.

–1  Enrico Navaria. (Paper notes it would be Spring before other bodies might be found.)

—  1  Silverton area, Feb 3. Snowslide; Edward Rogers.[9]

 

Connecticut               (  2)

–1  Branford, Feb 11. Froze to death; John Burke Jr.[10]

–1  East Berlin, Feb 3. Froze to death [Coroner]; Frederick Campbell, 30 no fire in house.[11]

 

Delaware                    (  2)

–2  Henry, A.J. “The Weather of the Month.” Monthly Weather Review, 27/2, Feb 1899, p. 50.

–1  Claymont, Feb 1. Unknown man, about 22, found frozen to death along railroad tracks.[12]

 

District of Columbia (  1)

–1  Feb 15. Heart attack; “…exertion of walking through the deep snow…” Maj. Ros A. Fish, 70.[13]

 

Georgia                      (  1)

—  1  Henry, A.J. “The Weather of the Month.” Monthly Weather Review, 27/2, Feb 1899, p. 50.

—>1  Home Journal, Perry, GA. “Sidewalk Gleanings.” 2-16-1899, p. 3.[14]

—  1  Savannah, Feb 13 report of a person freezing to death.[15]

 

Idaho                          (  1)

–1  Boise, ~Feb 12. Froze to death while out hunting; Carl Kent.[16]

 

Illinois                        (11)

–11  Blanchard tally from locality breakouts below.

—  8  Henry, A.J. “The Weather of the Month.” Monthly Weather Review, 27/2, Feb 1899, p50.

Breakout of fatalities by locality, where noted:

–1  Burlington, Feb 11. Carbon monoxide poisoning from coke stove in rail car; Frank Pink.[17]

–1  Carrollton, Feb 7. Froze to death walking in from his farm 1 mile west; Webb Meek.[18]

–1  Chicago, Feb 10. Cold and exposure; Charles Jacobson.[19]

–1  Chicago, Feb 10. Unidentified man found frozen to death on sidewalk, 5145 Halstead St.[20]

–1  Columbia Heights, Feb 9. Body of Frank Dubrett “picked up frozen.”[21]

–1  East St. Louis. The Gazette, Cedar Falls, IA. “Four Deaths by Freezing.” 2-7-1899, p. 2.

–1  Irish Grove, Feb 7. Exposure; John Doom, 69, found in the pasture of neighbor.[22]

–1  Joliet, Feb 9. Exposure/hypothermia; George Hamilton.[23]

–1  La Grange, Feb 9 report. Frozen to death; H. Blumenshield.[24]

–1  Rockford, Feb 9. Exposure; Night watchman for Water Power Co.; Thomas Keegan.[25]

–1  Waynesville, Feb 11. Froze to death; John Wilson, 82, found by son in yard under tree.[26]

 

Indiana           (>10)

—>10  Blanchard tally from breakouts below.

Breakout of Indiana winter-weather related fatalities by locality:

—  1  Auburn ~Feb 13. Burns, clothing caught fire; woman trying to thaw frozen pipe; Mrs. Michael Manis.[27]

—  1  Bloomington, area, ~Feb 10. Froze on way home; found on roadside; J. W. Hinkle.[28]

—  1  Coolspring township, ~Feb 13. Exposure while walking to Michigan City; Louis Kerster, 63.[29]

—  1  Garrett, Feb 15 rpt. Clothes catch fire in attempt to thaw frozen pipes; Mrs. Michael Manion.[30]

—  1  Greenwood area, ~Feb 13. “…unknown man was found frozen to death near Greenwood.”[31]

—  1  Huntington, Jan 30. Froze to death trying to walk six miles to home; Frank Minear.[32]

—  1  LaGrange area, Feb 18 report. Donald Davis, 85, “found frozen to death at his home…”[33]

—>2  Mishawaka, Feb 8. Farm house of a Mr. Williams burns; children escape; die of exposure.[34]

—  1  Muncie, Feb 10 report. Woman collapses from exhaustion in snow; dies of exposure; Miss Kate Morris.[35]

 

Iowa                (  7)

–7  Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.

–4  Henry, A.J. “The Weather of the Month.” Monthly Weather Review, 27/2, Feb 1899, p. 50.

Breakout of winter weather-related fatalities by locality:

–4  Leon area ~MO border, Feb 13 report. Sick mother, three children, in “miserable hovel.”[36]

–1  Madrid to Slater (15 miles), Feb 4. Froze to death riding bike though fields; Charles Craft.[37]

–1  Muchakinock, near Oskaloosa, Feb 11. Frozen to death; Henry K. Fortune.[38]

–1  Sioux City, Feb 6. Exposure after fall walking outdoors; Andrew A. Fairvre.[39]

 

Kansas           (  1)

–1  Shawnee, Feb 11 (body found). Fall leads to hypothermia; “Aunt Dicy” Dubbs, 80.[40]

 

Kentucky       (  6)

–6  Blanchard tally from locality breakouts below.

–5  “Five deaths were reported from [KY] yesterday [Feb 14] due to…extreme cold weather.”[41]

–2  Henry, A.J. “The Weather of the Month.” Monthly Weather Review, 27/2, Feb 1899, p. 50.

Breakout of fatalities by locality:

–1  Catlettsburg, Feb 15 report. Extreme cold; child.[42]

–1  Hazard area, Feb 15 report. Mail carrier, unidentified.[43]

–1  Jellico, Feb 15 report. Exposure/hypothermia; Albert Maples.[44]

–2  Paducah, Feb 13 report: Woman and child found frozen to death in a field.[45]

–1  Richmond, Feb 15 report. Apparent hypothermia; William Brockman.[46] Temp 24° below.[47]

 

Louisiana       (  6)     (Especially Feb 8-14.)

–6  New Orleans. “Dr. Adams says there were six persons frozen to death one night…”[48]

 

Maine             (  2)

–1  Coughlin’s Camp, 12 miles from Katahdin Iron Works, Feb 9. Exhaustion/Exposure; William R. Rose.[49]

–1  Phillips Lake, Lake House Station, Jan 28. Exposure on station platform; Hugh Sweeney.[50]

 

Maryland       (~14)

–~14  Blanchard tally from locality breakouts below.

—    3  Henry, A.J. “The Weather of the Month.” Monthly Weather Review, 27/2, Feb 1899, p. 50.

Breakout of winter-weather-related fatalities by locality:

—  1  Baltimore, Feb 10. Frozen water pipe explosion; Home of the Friendless; Martha Boliskey, 7.[51]

—  1  Baltimore, Feb 13. Heart attack after shoveling snow in front of home; Henry Bowers, 45.[52]

—  1  Baltimore, Feb 14. Exposure (Coroner finding), near East Chase st. Harry E. Vincent, 32.[53]

—  1  Cooksville, Howard Co. Unnamed man ventured out when temps reached as low as -20°.[54]

—  1  Cumberland, Feb 13. Heart attack “from over-exertion from shoveling snow.” Jack Walton, 72.[55]

–~3  Fallston, by Feb 17. “Several deaths occurred at Fallston for want of medical aid.”[56]

—  1  Keyser area, Feb 11. Froze to death in shanty; elderly man; Patrick Joyce.[57]

—  1  Mt. Airy area. Feb 11; body of man found frozen in snowbank; James Simmons.[58]

—  2  Patuxent River. Two men from schooner Chase, believed to have frozen to death.[59]

—  2  Sandy Bottom, near Towson. Feb 13 report of two children freezing to death.[60]

 

Massachusetts           ( 2)

–1  Boston, Feb 12. “Effects of exposure,” according to medical examiner; Mrs. O’Brien.[61]

–1  Watertown, Feb 8/9. Froze to death; apparently fell, striking head; froze; Michael Cline.[62]

 

Missouri                     (11)

–11  Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.

—  6  Henry, A.J. “The Weather of the Month.” Monthly Weather Review, 27/2, Feb 1899, p. 50.

Breakout of fatalities by locality.

–1  Clarksburg area, Feb 13 report. Frozen to death; William Dixon.[63]

–1  Jefferson City, Feb 13 report. Elderly female; notes temperature reached 30° below zero.[64]

–1  Kansas City, MO, ~Feb 8. Body of unknown workingman, about 50, found, west bottoms.[65]

–1  Springfield, Feb 1 report. Frozen to death on a farm, elderly female, Mrs. Mary Stevens.[66]

–2  Springfield, Feb 13 report. Frozen; Mary Carter and child.[67]

–4  St. Louis, Jan 31.[68] Freezing; Geo. A. Clarke,[69] Chas. Farler,[70] Mrs. Mary Ryan,[71] August Benson.[72]

–1  St. Louis, Feb 9. Frozen to death; body found in a coal shed; Sam Kennedy.[73]

 

Montana        (  1)

–1  Meaderville, Feb 17 report. Mrs. Sam Rundle, falls outside, unconscious; froze.[74]

 

Nebraska        (  1)

–1  Wymore area, Feb 5. Froze to death; cattleman looking after his stock; Fred Wales.[75]

 

New Jersey    (  5)

–4  Blanchard tally from locality breakouts below.

–2  Henry, A.J. “The Weather of the Month.” Monthly Weather Review, 27/2, Feb 1899, p. 50.

Breakout of fatalities by locality:

–1  Jersey City, Feb 14 report. “Mrs. Charles Morrison…70…sank exhausted in the snow and died.”[76]

–1  Orange, Feb 10 report. Hypothermia “in little hut.” Peter Matthews, 74.[77]

–1  Patterson, Feb 10 report. Exposure; soon after found freezing on steps of sister’s house (Doland).[78]

–1  Patterson, Feb 10 report. Exposure; truckman; found frozen on truck seat; John Fields, 17.[79]

–1  Trenton, Feb 14. Teen playing in snow hit his head on hidden plank; Robert Bonney Hill, 17.[80]

 

New York       (19)

–19  Blanchard tally from locality breakouts below.

–10  Henry, A.J. “The Weather of the Month.” Monthly Weather Review, 27/2, Feb 1899, p50.

Breakout of fatalities by locality:

—  1  Black River, near Watertown, Feb 13. Froze to death’ Charles Recor, 50.[81]

—  1  Brooklyn, Coney Island, Feb 10. Found frozen to death; laborer Charles Sailor.[82]

—  1  Brooklyn, Feb 12. Froze to death; Mary Goodwin, 31.[83]

—  1  Brooklyn, Feb 13. “Chinaman” found “frozen to death…” Lee Sing, 22.[84]

—  1  Buffalo, Feb 9. Carpenter found frozen to death in his sleigh in suburbs; John Weith, 37.[85]

—  1  Jamesville, 8 miles from Syracuse, Feb 10 report. Froze to death; John Hotaling.[86]

—  2  Long Island Sound, Feb 9. Mail carriers in small boat from Hart island for City island.[87]

—  1  Middleton, Feb 13. Farmer froze in wagon, taking load of feed to town; John Reagan,.[88]

—  1  Mount Kisco, West Chester County, Feb 16 report. Exposure, Hiram L. Dickinson, 50.[89]

—  1  New York City, Feb 10. Found frozen to death on a pier; fireman A. V. Nolan, 35.[90]

—  1  New York City, Feb 12. Froze to death in hallway. Forty-seventh st.; unidentified woman.[91]

—  1  NYC, Feb 13. Man found “frozen to death in the snow…” Richard Atcheson, 56.[92]

—  1  NYC, Feb 13. Man found frozen to death in snowbank, Third Ave & Sixth; George Haitzen.[93]

—  1  NYC, Feb 13. Man “dropped dead from cold,” Ninety-sixth street; janitor Albert Kentzney.[94]

—  1  New York City, First Ave., Feb 14 report, “found frozen to death” at home; Mary Dolan, 70.[95]

—  1  Phelps Junction ~Rochester. Froze to death; tried walking 4 miles from Phelps to home; Ralph Severance.[96]

—  1  Tarrytown area, Feb 14 rpt. Man “found frozen to death in a snowdrift…” William McCane, 52.[97]

—  1  White Plains area, Feb 16 report. Exposure’ peddler found on road; Louis Naef, 49.[98]

 

North Carolina (  2)

–2  Henry, A.J. “The Weather of the Month.” Monthly Weather Review, 27/2, Feb 1899, p. 50.

–1  Wilmington, Feb 17 report; Froze to death, two-month old baby in bed; insufficient heat.[99]

 

Ohio               (    8)

–8  Blanchard tally from locality breakout below.

–3  Henry, A.J. “The Weather of the Month.” Monthly Weather Review, 27/2, Feb 1899, p50.

Breakout of winter-weather-related fatalities by locality:

–1  Chillicothe, Feb 11. Froze to death; infant son of Sophia Johns in shanty.[100]

–1  Cincinnati, ~Feb 10; Frozen; Mrs. Mary Haverkamp.[101]

–1  Dayton, Feb 8. Froze; in bed; parents had no money for fuel; infant Rose Kinney,.[102]

–1  Dayton area, ~Feb 10. Froze to death while out feeding his hogs; Martin Duffinger.[103]

–1  Moody, Feb 14. Pioneer resident “found frozen to death at his home.” Samuel Saunders, 82.[104]

–1  Painesville, Lake Co., Feb 8. Froze to death in home; Timothy McNamara, over 80-years.[105]

–1  Off West Sister Island Lighthouse. Froze trying to cross to mainland; man named Brown,.[106]

–1  Zanesville, ~Feb 12. Frozen to death; coal miner William Savage.[107]

 

Pennsylvania (14)

–14  Blanchard tally from locality breakouts below.

–11  Henry, A.J. “The Weather of the Month.” Monthly Weather Review, 27/2, Feb 1899, p50.

Breakout of fatalities by locality:

–1  Archbald to Jermyn. Miner freezes to death walking home (Archbald) from work. Michael Roche, 48.[108]

–1  Butler, ~Feb 11. Froze to death, William Bartley, 70.[109]

–1  Franklin, ~Feb 11. Child of Albert Hunt froze to death in bed with parents; -30° outside.[110]

–1  Gallitzin, Feb 14. Man found frozen to death in his home; Michael Sanford, 68.[111]

–1  Leisenring, Fayette Co., ~Feb 10. Froze on way home from work; Hugh Gallagher.[112]

–2  Morgan, Allegheny Co., ~Feb 10. Froze in shanty; John Gillespie, 42, Patrick O’Grady, 79.[113]

–1  Philadelphia, Feb 10. Death “from the cold” in a stable; George Stewart, 35.[114]

–1  Philadelphia, Feb 14. Frozen to death, Joseph Evans, 69.[115]

–1  Philadelphia, Feb 14 report. Found dead in yard of Patterson club; James Hall.[116]

–1  Philadelphia, Feb 14. Frozen to death; letter carrier Charles Summers, 62.[117]

–1  Philly, Feb 14 rpt. Man dead “incident to the storm” at Seventeenth & Cherry; John W. Yeamens, 69.[118]

–1  Philly, Feb 14 rpt. “…became unconscious at Seventh and Cherry…” Soon died; Benjamin Zebley, 70.[119]

–1  Ross Valley ~Stroudsburg, Feb 14. Froze to death after home fire went out; John Buskirk.[120]

–1  Vandergrift. Froze to death after falling and breaking a leg; James Fryer of Apollo.[121]

 

South Carolina (2)

–2  Henry, A.J. “The Weather of the Month.” Monthly Weather Review, 27/2, Feb 1899, p. 50.

 

South Dakota (  1)

–1  Elk Point area, ~Feb 6. Froze to death; farmer; driving home after a visit; Robert Small.[122]

 

Tennessee       (  2)

–1  Clinton area, ~Feb 12. Farmer, while feeding stock; Orville Maples.[123]

–1  Jellico, Feb 12. Froze to death; saloon-keeper Albert Maples.[124]

 

Texas              (15)

–15  Henry, A.J. “The Weather of the Month.” Monthly Weather Review, 27/2, Feb 1899, p50.

–14  Freezing. Sycamore True Republican, IL. “Work of the Blizzard.” 2-18-1899, p. 2.

–1  Bexar County

–3  Collins County

—  Alexander Clark.    Logansport Reporter, IN. “Frozen to Death in Texas.” 2-14-1899, 1.

—  Ben Graves.           Logansport Reporter, IN. “Frozen to Death in Texas.” 2-14-1899, 1.

—  Will Johnson.         Logansport Reporter, IN. “Frozen to Death in Texas.” 2-14-1899, 1.

–3  Coryell County (children)

–2  Houston

–1  Jefferson County

–2  Lamar County

–2  Robertson County

—  1  Clay County, Feb 1 report. Wealthy cattleman found frozen to death; Walter Mitchell.[125]

 

Virginia          (  4)

–4  Blanchard tally from locality breakouts below.

–2  Henry, A.J. “The Weather of the Month.” Monthly Weather Review, 27/2, Feb 1899, p. 50.

–1  Cool Spring area, Feb 13. Man froze to death on wood-cutting trip; Reuben Bowler, ~60.[126]

–1  Richmond, Feb 14. Merchant found frozen to death in his 18^th st. store; W. W. Wade.[127]

–2  Rustburg, Campbell Co., Feb 13. Found frozen to death in cabin; Harrison & Polly Graham, ~90.[128]

 

Washington   (  1)

–1  Henry, A.J. “The Weather of the Month.” Monthly Weather Review, 27/2, Feb 1899, p. 50.[129]

–1  Tekoa, Feb 3; Froze to death while walking 1½ miles to school; Earl Bruner, 7.[130]

 

West Virginia (  4)

—>30  The Daily Journal, Freeport, IL. “Storm Fatalities in West Virginia,” 2-15-1899, p. 3.[131]

—    4  Blanchard tally from locality breakout below.

—    1  Charleston, Feb 10. Froze to death; fire went out; temp. at 27° below; James Jackson.[132]

—    1  Guyandotte. Frozen to death; Mary Halstead, 70-74.[133]

—    1  Huntington. Body of frozen man found in suburbs Feb 14; Robert Fowler, 84.[134]

—    1  Romney, Feb 13 report. Frozen to death; former slave Chance Ross.[135]

 

Wisconsin      (  2)

–1  Eau Claire, Feb 7. Exposure/hypothermia; Mrs. Thomas Dowling, found in neighbor’s yard.[136]

–1  Lawrence, Chippewa Co., Jan 30. Froze to death; became lost on way home; William Prueher.[137]

 

Wyoming       (  4)

–4  Blanchard tally from locality breakouts below.

–2  Henry, A.J. “The Weather of the Month.” Monthly Weather Review, 27/2, Feb 1899, p. 50.

–2  Buffalo, Feb 2. Wife and daughter of B. E. Yost, found frozen to death near sleigh.[138]

–1  Cheyenne, Feb 1 report. Found frozen to death on porch of home; Mrs. Dan Keeler.[139]

–1  Cokeville, Jan 30. Snowslide; Burt Handy.[140]

 

Narrative Information

 

NOAA: “Over 115 years ago, a cold wave that would become known as the “Great Arctic Outbreak” took the United States by storm. People across the nation braced for the worst as temperatures plummeted throughout the first two weeks of February 1899. The western third of the country was the first to feel the bitter cold with temperatures dropping as low as 33°F in Los Angeles, California, 9°F in Portland, Oregon, and −9°F in Boise, Idaho, by February 4. And, by February 6, 30°F temperatures and below had made their way across the country and as far south as North Carolina.

 

“However, the full force of the outbreak wasn’t felt until February 10, when some of the coldest winter weather conditions on record struck the eastern two-thirds of the United States. That day, temperatures across the Midwest and Ohio Valley were below −20°F, and even Washington, DC, recorded a low temperature of −8°F. By February 11, temperatures plummeted even further with Fort Logan, Montana, recording an astonishing low of −61°F. Even Florida couldn’t escape the bitter cold, and temperatures fell to the all-time state record low of −2°F in Tallahassee on February 13.

 

“The Great Arctic Outbreak didn’t just bring cold to the nation. It also brought snow and ice and lots of it. By the time blizzard conditions ceased in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast, Cape May, New Jersey, record over 30 inches of snow, as did Washington, DC, and Baltimore, Maryland. On February 17, ice was even witnessed flowing down the Mississippi River, past New Orleans, and into the Gulf of Mexico. And, a one-inch thick layer of ice formed at the mouth of the Mississippi in East and Garden Island Bays in Louisiana.

 

“Over 100 people were estimated to have lost their lives during to the Great Arctic Outbreak. The outbreak damaged or destroyed numerous crops, and countless livestock perished. In Georgia, many orchards of young trees were killed outright, and farmers had to completely replant them. Ice in the Mississippi River and Great Lakes completely halted barge traffic. The cold, snow, and ice also heavily damaged buildings and infrastructure across much of the country.” (NOAA, NCEI. Climate History: The Great Arctic Outbreak of February 1899.)

 

Monthly Weather Review (Prof. E. B. Garriott): “During the first half of February the most remarkable cold wave, or series of cold waves, in the history of the Weather Bureau traversed the United States from the north Pacific to the south Atlantic coasts, damaging crops and fruits in the Southern States to the extent of millions of dollars. During the first eight days of the month the lowest temperatures on record were reported at points in the north Pacific coast States; from the 9^th to the 12^th many places in the Central, Western, and Northwestern States reported the coldest weather on record. During the 13^th and 14^th the cold wave overspread the Southern and Eastern States, attended, on the 13^th, by the lowest temperatures on record from the southern Rocky Mountain slope to the south Atlantic coast, by zero temperatures to the Gulf coast of Alabama, and by a snowstorm of unprecedented severity in the Middle Atlantic States.

 

“The visible cause of  this period of intense cold is found in a series of barometric depressions in  the South, combined with an area of high barometer of great magnitude which persistently occupied the British Northwest Territory until the 11th, inclusive, when the highest sea-level pressure ever reported within the region of observation covered by the Weather Bureau and Canadian services, 31.42 inches, was telegraphed from Swift Current, Assiniboin. After the  11th  this area of high barometer settled southward over the eastern Rocky Mountain  slope and  the  central  valleys, causing  the severest winter  weather ever experienced  generally over  the southern half of the country east of the Rocky Mountains…. [p. 41]

 

“The situation the morning of the 13th was as follows: The line of zero temperature extended to central Louisiana, southern Mississippi, southern Alabama, and central Georgia. At New Orleans  a minimum of 6.8° was registered, a reading which was 8.2° lower than any previous record. Throughout the Gulf States the minimum temperatures were  3°  to  9° lower than ever before noted.  Heavy snow  was  falling in the Atlantic coast States, the snowfall  being  particularly heavy in the Potomac Valley and Chesapeake region. In the morning additional warnings  were  telegraphed  to  Florida that temperature would be much below freezing again Monday night as far  south  as  Tampa, and  possibly  freezing as far south as Jupiter, and a warning of a norther for the north coast of Cuba was sent to Havana, Cuba. Along the Atlantic coast from Breakwater to Eastport hurricane warnings, the extreme storm warnings of the  Bureau, were  displayed. Storm signals were continued southward along the coast to North Carolina. The night of the 13th a further fall in temperature occurred over southern Florida, the morning minimum of the 14th being 29° at Miami….” (MWR/Prof. Garriott. “Forecasts and Warnings.” 27/2, Feb 1899, p. 41.)

 

Newspapers

 

Jan 31:

 

Baltimore: “The combined efforts of two snowstorms placed the streets of Baltimore in a bad condition yesterday…The first storm appeared a few minutes after 3 o’clock in the morning. In three hours a fraction over one inch of snow fell. A few minutes before 6 o’clock in the afternoon snow began falling again and continued until a late hour in the night. The snow was light and comparatively dry….The temperature in Baltimore was nearly uniform throughout the day. At 6 S.M. it was 23 degrees; from 7 o’clock to 10 o’clock, 22; then for three hours it was one degree warmer. At 2 o’clock it reached 24 degrees. From that hour it fell gradually, until at 8 P.M. it was 20 degrees. The indications last night were that the temperature will be slightly lower today, due to a moderate cold wave which is approaching from the Mississippi Valley….” (Baltimore Sun. “Snow in Baltimore.” 2-1-1899, 6.)

 

Chicago: “Chicago, Jan. 31.–The cold wave continues with undiminished intensity in this section, the mercury having reached 11 below zero. However, the weather is moderating considerably in the Northwest, where the force of the wave is broken…” (Baltimore Sun, MD. “Blizzard in the South,” 2-1-1899, p. 6.)

 

Cokeville, WY: “Cokeville, Wyo., Jan 31.–A snowslide a mile long near here buried several men and tem teams. All the men were taken out alive with the exception of Burt Handy, who was dead when found.” (Baltimore Sun, MD. “Blizzard in the South,” 2-1-1899, p. 6.)

 

Denver: “Denver, Col., Jan 31.–At Breckenridge it was still snowing and blowing. Since January 26 there has been a total snow-fall of forty-five inches on top of a previous fall of six feet. At Como it is snowing, and the wind is blowing a perfect gale, drifting the light, dry snow. The Colorado Midland is snowbound from Arkansas Junction to Ivanhoe….” (Baltimore Sun, MD. “Blizzard in the South,” 2-1-1899, p. 6.)

 

Fort Worth, TX: “Fort Worth, Tex., Jan. 31.–The worst blizzard experienced in years is sweeping over the northern and western portions of Texas, causing much suffering to man and beast. Walter Mitchell, a wealthy cattle man of Clay county, has been found frozen to death. All Kinds of stock are suffering severely, while reports from some quarters state that cattle are dying in great numbers.” (Baltimore Sun, MD. “Blizzard in the South,” 2-1-1899, p. 6.)

 

Holly Springs, MS: “Holly Springs, Miss., Jan 31.–This section was visited by a severe blizzard last night, accompanied by rain, sleet and snow, which froze as it fell. The thermometer fell to 5° above zero. This morning a snowstorm occurred, lasting several hours. It is the coldest weather since 1895.”  (Baltimore Sun, MD. “Blizzard in the South,” 2-1-1899, p. 6.)

 

Memphis, TN: “Memphis, Tenn., Jan. 31.–A severe blizzard is prevailing in west Tennessee, Arkansas and Mississippi, with the mercury near the zero mark. A fine snow has been falling incessantly for fifteen hours and exposed stock is suffering severely.” (Athens Banner, GA. “Blizzard in Tennessee.” 2-3-1899, p. 5.)

 

Oxford, MS: “Oxford, Miss., Jan. 31.–A cold wave struck this section of the country about daylight this morning and it has continued to grow colder all day. Snow covers the ground, and old citizens say it is the coldest weather known for twenty years….” (Baltimore Sun, MD. “Blizzard in the South,” 2-1-1899, p. 6.)

 

Feb 1:

 

Omaha, NE: “Omaha, Neb., Feb. 1.–Reports from different points in Nebraska indicate that the extreme cold weather is moderating, although the  mercury is still low in the tube. Thermometers at Columbus registered 16 below Tuesday morning; at Sutton, 20 below; at Nebraska City, 12 below, and at Trenton, 12 below. Stock has suffered considerably….” (Logansport Daily Reporter, IN. “Cold Brings Death.” 2-1-1899, 1.)

 

Pana, IL: “Pana, Ill., Feb. 1.–Pana is experiencing the coldest weather in 15 years, which threatens great damage to the wheat crop.”  (Logansport Daily Reporter, IN. “Cold Brings Death.” 2-1-1899, 1.)

 

St. Louis: “St. Louis, Feb 1.–Four deaths from freezing occurred in this city Tuesday [Jan 31] and one in East St. Louis [IL]. The fatalities are George A Clark, aged 45, a candy-maker; Charles Farler, aged 30, laborer; Mrs. Mary Ryan; August Benson, aged 35 [unclear age]…Mrs. M. Jenkins, East St. Louis…Mrs. Ryan slipped on the ice in her dooryard and was stunned by the fall. Half an hour later she was found almost dead from exposure and died soon after. Farler and Benson were both consumptives and succumbed while searching for work. Clark was overcome by the cold while going to his place of employment. Telegraphic reports from different points in Missouri indicate that the weather of Monday night and Tuesday was the coldest experienced in many years. At Maryville the thermometer registered 17 degrees below zero. This was the lowest point reached.

 

“Above here the Mississippi and Missouri and Illinois rivers are frozen over, and at this point the Father of Waters is freezing rapidly. The ferries are still running but it was expected that the river would be frozen up by Wednesday.

 

“A report from Springfield, Mo., says that Mrs. Mary Stevens, an aged woman living on a farm near that city, was frozen to death.

 

“The blizzard has materially interfered with the passenger and freight business of all railroads entering this city. Trains arriving at the Union station Tuesday were from 20 minutes to three hours late….” (Logansport Daily Reporter, IN. “Cold Brings Death.” 2-1-1899, 1.)

 

Feb 2:

 

CO: “Denver, Feb. 2.–The snow storm that has raged with brief intermissions for more than a week in Colorado was renewed to-day with energy unabated. The snowfall during the latter hours of the night and nearly all day was very heavy, while strong winds piled it up, filled railroad cuts almost completely and blocked railroad traffic in mountain districts.

 

“Snow slides occurred at several points, one eighteen miles west of Leadville, on Mount Elbert, carrying down a miner’s cabin and burying William Manning, aged 60 years. Many mountain towns are cut off from the world, the only means of communication being by men on snow shoes….

Arctic Weather.

 

“Denver, Feb, 2.–The present arctic weather is driving many people to seen assistance from the county commissioners, and many cases of poverty and cold weather are being poured into the ear of the clerk, and Chairman Nichols, of the county commissioners. The coal is secured by the county commissioners from ne company which this morning found itself hard pressed to supply the demand in delivering it. When the county room opened at 8:30 this morning thirty orders for coal were placed and thirty-three people stood in line waiting to state their case. The investigator is kept busy, and the telephone constantly telling tales of distress and asking for relief. The investigators have found many suffering for food and in many cases the last lump of coal was burning. From 8 o’clock yesterday morning to 6 o’clock at night thirty-three people had been supplied with coal and twenty-six with groceries. The Soldiers’ Aid society are taking care of twenty-eight families who are wholly dependent upon them. Nine of these families are in wretched circumstances and have sickness in the family as well. The society is providing coal and groceries.” (Morning Times, Cripple Creek, CO. “The Worst in Many Long Years. Storm in the Mountains is Still Raging Furiously.” 2-3-1899, p. 1.)

 

Pittsburgh PA: “Pittsburgh…Feb. 2–This was the coldest day of the winter, the mercury dropping to zero in the city, while in the surrounding towns of western Pennsylvania it registered from five to thirteen degrees below. At Vandergrift, James Fryer of Apollo, was found frozen to death. He had fallen and broken his leg and died before he could reach home. The Monongahela river is frozen over from Pittsburgh to the headwaters and the Allegheny is closed above Sharpsburg, Pa.” (Fort Madison…Democrat, IA. “Coldest Day of Winter.” 2-2-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 3:

 

Deadwood, SD: “Deadwood, S.D., Feb 3.–Bitter cold prevails in this section. The thermometer in Deadwood registers 31 below zero. The blizzard has partly abated, however, and traffic on the railroads is being resumed.” (Daily Reflector, Norwalk, OH. “32 Below Zero.” 2-3-1899, p. 1.)

 

Denver, CO: “Denver, Feb. 3.–It is still extremely cold today and reached 12 below early this morning. Zero was the highest mark today. The conditions of the Rio Grande is practically the same as yesterday. The road is still blocked. In the Grand Canon, where the snowslides occurred yesterday only three were killed. They were John McMahon, roadmaster, J. Dempsey and J. Mulvahill, section men. Five others were injured. All were employes of the railroad. The Midland reports line open, with fair weather, except between Arkansas junction and Basalt. The Hagerman pass is still blocked. The South Park road has reached Kokomo with the weather clear and calm….” (Aspen Daily Times, CO. “The Storm Continues.” 2-4-1899, p. 1.)

 

Leadville, CO: Leadville, Feb 3.–The snow storm which ceased a short time last night, is worse this morning, with a high wind. No trains were run west of here, but the roads are open to Denver. Thirty-six cars of coal have been received, but there is still a great shortage.” (Aspen Daily Times, CO. “Storming at Leadville.” 2-4-1899, p. 1.)

 

MN: “St. Paul, Minn., Feb 3.–The cold still holds on, 4 below in St. Paul and 23 below at Winnipeg, indicating the run of the mercury. All Northwestern weather stations report below zero. (Aspen Daily Times, CO. “Forty-Five Below.” 2-4-1899, p. 1.)

 

MT: It has been snowing four days in Montana and almost every range is covered with from one to two and a half feet of snow. Although it has turned colder, being 20 degrees below at Helena, cattlemen do not anticipate any specially heavy loss on account of the storm. Range cattle are in food condition throughout the state and will be able to withstand a short season of severe weather. All sheep growers and many cattlemen in Montana are better supplied with food this winter than usual. Throughout Montana trains are from five to twelve hours late on account of the great amount of snow. Reports from all other the state indicate unprecedented cold weather, some places the thermometer registering as low as 45 below.” (Aspen Daily Times, CO. “Forty-Five Below.” 2-4-1899, p. 1.)

 

Portland, OR: “Portland, Ore., Feb. 3.–The weather tonight in this city and vicinity is the coldest of the winter, the thermometer having reached 10 above zero. Several inches of snow has fallen west of the Cascade mountains. In eastern Washington and Oregon very cold weather is prevailing.” (Aspen Daily Times, CO. “Cold at Portland.” 2-4-1899, p. 1.)

 

WY: Buffalo, Wyo., Feb. 3.–Mrs. J. E. Yost, wife of a ranchman, living six miles from town, was frozen to death during yesterday’s storm, and her daughter was also frozen to death. They had started to drive home from town and became bewildered in the storm. Finally their sleigh overturned and the team broke away. They were beyond help when found some hours later. There have been several narrow escapes from death and the losses in sheep and cattle will be large. The snow is so badly drifted that the roads are impossible for vehicles.” (Aspen Daily Times, CO. “Mother and Child Frozen.” 2-4-1899, p. 1.)

 

WY: “Cheyenne, Wyo., Feb 3.–A blizzard has prevailed in all portions of Wyoming excepting along the western line during the past twenty-four hours. The thermometer has ranged from 12 to 20 degrees below zero and from four to eight inches of snow has fallen. This, with Monday’s storm, makes an average of twenty inches of snow covering all the ranges. Stockmen are getting cattle and sheep sheltered as much as possible and are preparing to feed hay. Where feed and shelter are not available severe losses are inevitable. Advices from northern Wyoming tonight are that the weather is clearing but that the thermometer is 20 degrees below zero. In other parts of the state snow is falling but reports from weather stations indicate the storm will break tonight. To the present railway travel has not been interfered with.” (Aspen Daily Times. “Blizzard in Wyoming.” 2-4-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 6:

 

IL: “It has been a good many years since the ground has been frozen to the depth it is at present. The frost has now reached a depth of fur feet, and fears are being entertained in various cities, that if the cold weather continues it will reach the waterpipes and cause great damage. It will take a long time for the ground to thaw out sufficiently for spring plowing in the country. This freezing to such great depth is caused by the absence of snow.” (Daily Journal, Freeport, IL. “Deep Frost.” 2-6-1899, p. 8.)

 

NE: “Lincoln, Neb., February 6.–The State Board of Agriculture has begun to receive reports touching the stock loss in the State, as a result of the late severe weather. The indications are that much loss has been sustained by both cattle and sheep-owners. The weather has been unprecedentedly severe for the past week, concluding with the blizzard of February 2 and 3. During the period the sheep perished in all parts of the State. These sheep were principally bands that had been brought in form the South during the past summer for feeding purposes, and hand not become inured to the rigors of the Nebraska winter.” (Indianapolis News, IN. “Stock Frozen To Death.” 2-6-1899, p. 2.)

 

OR & WA: “Portland, Ore., February 6.–The cold weather of the past few days over the entire Pacific Northwest still continues. Reports from eastern Oregon and eastern Washington show that the thermometer ranged from 10 to 20 degrees below zero. West of the Cascade mountains it was 10 above.” (Indianapolis News, IN. “Cold Weather Continues.” 2-6-1899, p. 2.)

 

Feb 7:

 

“Washington, Feb 7, 8 P.M….The temperature has fallen decidedly in Eastern Tennessee and the East Gulf States and freezing temperature tonight reaches to the Louisiana and Western Florida coast; elsewhere the temperature changes are not marked except in Colorado and Utah, where there has been a rise of 12 degrees to 22 degrees. Extremely cold weather continues in the Northwest and the zero line extends to Southern Iowa….” (Baltimore Sun. “Government Weather Report.” 2-8-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 8:

 

“The whole country has experienced a taste of the bitter cold wave which swept down from the frozen regions of the north. Weather reports from various parts of the United States showed great differences in temperature. Telegrams to the Chicago weather office showed the entire middle West to be affected, temperatures of from 15 to 20 degrees below zero being recorded in many places. Fears have been expressed for the winter wheat, as the cold came when there was but little or no snow on the ground. The following table shows temperatures at various points:

 

Winnipeg…                                        -30

Swift Current [Saskatchewan]…       -30

Minnedosa [Manitoba]…                   -28

…Bismarck…                                    -26

Chicago…                                           -13

Duluth…                                             -12

Huron…                                              -10

Marquette…                                       -10

Green Bay…                                       -10

Milwaukee…                                        -4

St. Paul…                                             -4….

 

(Nashua Reporter, IA. “Blows Icy Blasts. Frigid Wave Sweeps Down from the North.” 2-9-1899, p. 14.)

 

Boston: “Boston, Feb 8.–A terrific blizzard is raging along the coast today and lives are in great danger. The thermometer is way down.” (Daily Journal, Telluride, CO. “Blizzard at Boston.” 2-8-2018, p. 1.)

 

Chicago: “Chicago, Feb. 8.–The temperature reached 12 below in Chicago today with 15 below predicted for tonight. The cold wave shows no diminution of energy in the northwestern states, while there is increased severity in the central portions of the country. St. Paul, Minn., reports 23 below; Bismarck, N.D., 36 below, and Williston, N.D., 40 below.” (Daily Times, Dubuque, IA. “Down a Peg or Two. Colder Weather Reported at St. Paul, Chicago…” 2-9-1899, p. 7.)

 

Leadville, CO: “Leadville, Colo., Feb. 8.–A snow storm which began here last night [7^th] developed into a blizzard today. The high wind has filled the railroad cuts with snow and the railroads are again blockaded both east and west of Leadville.” (Daily Times, Dubuque, IA. “Down a Peg or Two. Colder Weather Reported at St. Paul, Chicago…” 2-9-1899, p. 7.)

 

South Bend, IN: “South Bend, Indiana, February 8.–The thermometer registered 18 below zero in this vicinity this morning.” (Daily Journal, Telluride, CO.  2-8-2018, p. 1.)

 

St. Paul, MN: “St. Paul, Feb 8.–Last night reached the lowest record for cold, the bureau reporting 28 below, while unofficial temperatures ranged down to 35 and 40 below. In the extreme northwest the mercury is approaching zero on the upgrade and a slight abatement of the cold is promised later in the week. The weather continues clear, but there has been a cutting wind. This is the lowest since January, 1888. On account of the intense cold the public schools were dismissed today.” (Daily Times, Dubuque, IA. “Down a Peg or Two.” 2-9-1899, p. 7.)

 

St. Louis: “St. Louis, Feb. 8.–The cold spell in this vicinity reached a climax at 8 a.m. when the thermometer at the weather bureau observatory touched 6 degrees below zero. At Shaw’s Botanical gardens 8 below was the record, while at Forest Park it was 11 below. It is getting slightly warmer. At Alton, Ill., the thermometer registered 11 below, and at Belleville, Ill., 9 below.” (Daily Times, Dubuque, IA. “Down a Peg or Two. Colder Weather…” 2-9-1899, p. 7.)

 

Feb 9:

 

Feb 9: “Chicago, February 9.–The cold wave [is now] felt eastward to the Atlantic coast. Its intensity increased in the central portion of the country. It has moderated slightly in the extreme northwest. The line of zero temperature passes from the Chesapeake Bay westward over to thee northern portion of Tennessee. The extreme condition continues in the middle and eastern gulf states, freezing temperature being reported this morning s far south as central Florida.” (Daily Republican, Decatur, IL. “Winter’s Icy Grip,” 2-9-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 9, CO: “Denver, Feb 9.–This was the sixteenth day of the great snow storm in the mountains. The wind was blowing a gale, filling the railroad cuts with snow and fresh slides occurred covering the tracks with great piled of snow, rocks, etc. at various points. Not a wheel was turning and the outlook is more serious than at any time since the storm began….

 

“Leadville, Colo., Feb 9.–Two feet of fresh snow has fallen in this vicinity yesterday and today. People have begun to realize the fact that the camp is facing a desperate situation. The ordinary consumption of coal in the camp is 600 tons per day. There were today but a few carloads left and the railroads were blockaded on both sides of the city….” (Arizona Republican. “Gazing at Despair.” 2-10-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 9, DC: “Washington, Feb 9.–The thermometer went to 7 below zero early this morning, the lowest since December, 1881.” (Arizona Republican. “Weather at Washington.” 2-10-1899, p.1.)

 

Feb 9, IA: “Dubuque, Iowa, February 9.–Last night was the coldest since 1888, when 30 degrees below was recorded. During the night the temperature ranged from 25 to 29 below. There is much suffering among the poor people. Reports from the country tell of the serious condition of the stock.

 

“Creston, Iowa, February 9.–It was 21 below at 7 o’clock this morning. Business practically suspended.” (Daily Republican, Decatur, IL. “Winter’s Icy Grip,” 2-9-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 9, IL: “Freeport, Ill., February 9.–The coldest in years here, 24-30 below….

 

“Peoria, Ill., Feb. 9.–Twenty-four degrees below here….

 

“Chicago, February 9.–It is the coldest since 1872. The weather bureau thermometer registered 22 below at 6 o’clock this morning. Many unofficial thermometers recorded 25 to 28 and 30 was registered in some of the suburbs. Twenty severely frost bitten people were taken to the police station early. The ground is frozen very deep and the water mains are frozen up on some parts of the city….” (Daily Republican, Decatur, IL. “Winter’s Icy Grip,” 2-9-1899, p. 1.)

 

“Quincy, Ill., Feb 9.–It is 27 below zero, the coldest weather known here for thirty years.” (Arizona Republican, Phoenix. “Coldest in a Generation.” 2-10-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 9, IL: “The mercury reached the very lowest point of the winter this morning and today the people of Decatur are suffering with the coldest day they have passed through for a number of years. At 7 o’clock Prof. Coonradt’s thermometer registered 22 degrees below zero. At 8 o’clock it was up to 20 degrees and during the forenoon it has been in the neighborhood of 15 degrees below. There has been a good deal of wind to add to the discomfort of those who were on the streets. Everyone suffered more or less and those whose business compels them to be out of doors have suffered extremely. Quite a number have received frost bites.

 

“This morning Maffit & McGorray were compelled to stop cutting ice. The temperature was so low that the water in the trenches froze up and was simply too cold for the men to work. It was next to impossible for a human being to work on the river and in the ice houses.…The water pipes in all parts of the city are freezing and breaking….” (Daily Republican, Decatur, IL. “Like Klondyke. This is the Coldest Day of the Winter. 22 Below this Morning,” 2-9-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 9, IA: “Ottumwa, IA., Feb 9.–It is 23 below zero here. Business is prostrated. Stock is suffering.

 

“Creston, IA., Feb 9.–It is 31 degrees below zero today and business in practically suspended.” (Arizona Republican, Phoenix. “Iowa is Arctic.” 2-10-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 9, KS, Topeka: “Topeka, Kansas, February 9.–The weather record since 1892 was broken last night. Thermometers registered 15 degrees below.” (Daily Republican, Decatur, IL. “Winter’s Icy Grip,” 2-9-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 9, KY, Louisville: “Louisville, KY., February 9.–Coldest weather since 1884. This morning the government thermometer registered 14 below, many private one were as low as 18 degrees below.” (Daily Republican, Decatur, IL. “Winter’s Icy Grip,” 2-9-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 9, MI: “Detroit, Mich., Feb 9.–The lowest point reached by thermometers in Detroit this winter was 13 below this morning.” (Arizona Republican, Phoenix. “The Detroit Reading.” 2-10-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 9, MN: “St. Paul, Minn., Feb 9.–The winter’s cold record was again broken last night. The mercury reached 33 below.” (Arizona Republican, Phoenix. “Thirty-Three at St. Paul.” 2-10-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 9, MO: “Kansas City, Feb 9.–It is 20 degrees below zero. In the northern part of the state it is 30 below.” (Arizona Republican, Phoenix. “Missouri’s Chilliness.” 2-10-1899, p. 1.)

 

“St. Louis, February 9.–Coldest since 1884, touching 16 below this morning, with 22 below in nearby towns in Missouri and Illinois….” (Daily Republican, Decatur, IL. “Winter’s Icy Grip,” 2-9-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 9, NE, Omaha: “Omaha, NEB., February 9.–The weather bureau thermometer registered 23 below this morning, the coldest recorded here since February, 1993.” (Daily Republican, Decatur, IL. “Winter’s Icy Grip,” 2-9-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 9, NY: “New York, Feb 9.–The coldest day of the winter is one degree below zero. The forecaster says it will be colder tonight.” (Arizona Republican. “New York’s Coldest Day.” 2-10-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 9, ND, Huron: “Huron, H.D., Feb 9.–With 36 below zero this was the coldest place in the United States today. Bismarck, N.D., and La Crosse, Wis., report 32 below zero….” (Arizona Republican. “Huron the Highest.” 2-10-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 9, OH: “Columbus, Ohio, February 9.–Today was the coldest in years; 13 below in the central part of the city, to 17 below in the suburbs.

 

“Cleveland, Ohio, February 9.–The local weather bureau thermometer this morning registered 14 below, or within three degrees of the low record of January, 1873.

 

“Cincinnati, Ohio, February 9.–The weather bureau thermometer registered 16 below….

 

“Bowling Green, Ohio, February 9.–Eighteen below this morning. Much damage was done in the oil fields. Work there is practically suspended. All gas lines to the city are frozen and the fuel supply is cut off.” (Daily Republican, Decatur, IL. “Winter’s Icy Grip,” 2-9-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 9, PA, Pittsburgh: “Pittsburgh, PA., February 9.– Ten degrees below zero by the weather bureau thermometer and from 15 to 20 degrees below in more exposed places, was the record here today. The is the coldest it has been since January, 1879, when the official mercury dropped to 12 below.” (Daily Republican, Decatur, IL. “Winter’s Icy Grip,” 2-9-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 10:

 

Feb 10, NY: “Nyack, N.Y., Feb. 10–The temperature in the interior of Rockland county was 15° to 20° below zero at 5 a.m. today. This is five degrees colder than yesterday. The Hudson river, which is over three miles wide between Nyack and Tarrytown, is frozen across.” (Boston Globe, MA. “Hudson River Frozen.” 2-10-1899, p. 3.)

 

“Niagara Falls, N.Y., Feb. 10.–Cold weather has solidified the ice bridge so that it will take a period of warm weather to break it up. With the ice that has formed in Lake Erie coming over the falls, indications are that the bridge will assume formidable proportions….” (Baltimore Sun, MD. “Cold-Wave Incidents.” 2-11-1899, p. 2.)

 

Feb 10, PA, Pittsburgh: “Pittsburg, Pa., Feb. 10.–All cold records for this section were broken today and a new record of 20 degrees below zero was established by the Weather Bureau. Private thermometers registered from 7 to 10 degrees lower. Business is almost at a standstill. Schools were dismissed, outdoor laborers refused to work and every form of industry necessitating exposure to the weather was practically paralyzed. Many persons were severely nipped by Jack Frost, but no fatalities have been reported. One gruesome phase of the blizzard is its effect on live stock shipped from surrounding towns to the stock yards. The ears of many hogs dropped off, being so badly frozen that the least touch caused them to fall to the ground. Cattle likewise suffered severely.” (Fresno Morning Republican, CA. “Death Came in its Wake. Grim Progress of the Blizzard.” 2-11-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 13:

 

Feb 13, Boston: “Boston, Mass., Feb 13.–The heavy snow storm which began here on Saturday increased in force during the night, and this morning a high northeast wind was driving the snow in big drifts and covering the railroad tracks with a mass of snow that soon began to delay traffic in spite of all efforts to keep open the lines. Thermometer 12 degrees above zero.” (Oakland Tribune, CA. “Boston Blockaded.” 2-13-1899, p. 5.)

 

Feb 13, CT: “New Haven, Conn., Feb. 13.–The worst blizzard of recent years is raging throughout Connecticut. All traffic is tied up. The harbors along the coast are frozen solid.” (Daily Journal, Telluride, CO. “Harbor Frozen Solid.” 2-13-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 13, DC: “Washington, Feb 13.–Washington is having the weather of its life. The oldest inhabitant has been silenced. Never was there such cold, never such quantities of snow, and never such a mix-up of snow and wind as whirls through the streets. It is weather which would do credit to Chicago. In this winter resort it has simply struck the inhabitants stiff and numb. At 9 o’clock in the morning the street lamps were still burning in th residence portion of the city. All street car lines have come to a stop. Sidewalks are impassable, and the few venturesome people who try to go about wade through the middle of the street. The public departments are virtually shut down, office clerks being too small in number to conduct any business. Cabs and carriages are at a premium and can scarcely be had for long trips for love or money. It is practically impossible to deliver coal, except in very small lots; and for a week there have been standing advertisements for carts….Congress has appropriated $5,0000 to cut a channel in the Potomac so as to prevent an ice jam at the Long bridge….The great quantity of snow proved too much to be handled by the custodian of the Capitol building. The drains on the roof were soon choked up, and water leaked through the house side in large quantities. Neither branch of congress had a quorum, but as long as no one raised the point, business went on.” (La Harpe Quill, IL. “Cold and Blizzards…Washington Buried Under Snow.” 2-16-1900. p. 3.)

 

Feb 13, KY: “Louisville, Ky., Feb 13.–The coldest weather ever known in Kentucky was recorded Monday. At Louisville the thermometer only reached ten below, but at Lebanon, Ky., a temperature of 39 below was registered; Carlisle, 30; Princeton, 30, and the highest recorded in reports from 25 stations was 13 below. At Paducah a negro woman and her child were frozen to death in the field. In many towns business has been suspended, and a coal shortage is reported from all parts of the state.” (Daily Illinois Courier, Jacksonville, IL. “Weather in Old Kaintuck.” 2-14-1899, p. 4.)

 

Feb 13, LA: “New Orleans, Feb. 13.–New Orleans was wrapped in a mantle of white this morning, almost four inches of sleet having fallen since Saturday night [Feb 11]. Early yesterday morning thermometers registered sixteen below, breaking all records. Cold weather prevails throughout the state today. The thousands of guests are thoroughly uncomfortable and carnival plans are considerably interfered with….Advices from the lower coast are to the effect that orange groves valued yesterday at millions of dollars are valueless today, and land held at $1500 an acre could be bought today for $5.” (

 

Feb 13, MO: “Louisiana, Mo., Feb. 13.–A block was destroyed here this morning by fire; loss $50,000. The thermometer is eight below, and the firemen look like ice bergs.” (Daily Journal, Telluride, CO. “Fire at Louisiana,” 2-13-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 13: New Orleans: “At New Orleans, the minimum temperature was six degrees which was nine degrees lower than any previous record.” (Trenton Evening Times, NJ. “Blizzard Here and Elsewhere.” 2-13-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 13, NY: “New York, Feb. 13.–The fearful storm has increased in violence and together with the snow which has drifted in many places has almost paralyzed traffic. Surface cars are almost entirely stalled, the elevated trains running without regard to schedule, and ferryboats make a few trips as best they can. The upper and lower bay is one mass of ice. There are very few people on the streets and, it being a holiday, even the main streets of New York look like those of a little town. The people living in the suburbs have in some instances been unable to reach the city, owing to the stalling of the surface cars.” (La Harpe Quill, IL. “Blizzard in New York.” 2-16-1899, p. 3.)

 

Feb 13, PA, Harrisburg: “Harrisburg, Pa., Feb 13.–Harrisburg is storm-bound. Twenty inches of snow have fallen in the past 24 hours. Traffic on the trolley lines is seriously impeded, and all railroad lines are blocked. Passenger trains on the railroads are from four to eight hours late. There have been no trains from Pittsburgh since last night, and the train due here from Philadelphia at five o’clock had not reached here at noon. The snow has drifted ten feet high in some parts of the city, and business is practically at a standstill. A handful of senators and members met in joint assembly at noon and went through the form of balloting for a United States senator. There was no quorum present, an, of course, there was no choice for senator..” (Daily Illinois Courier, Jacksonville, IL. “Harrisburg Snowbound.” 2-14-1899, p. 4.)

 

Feb 13, PA, Philadelphia: “Philadelphia, Pa., Feb 13.–The storm in this vicinity has assumed the proportions of a blizzard. This has had the effect of piling the light, dry snow up in drifts until some of the streets became impassable to trolley cars. Railroads are all seriously affected by the blizzards. Trains are all late, and in some instances schedules have been abandoned. Shipping remains at a standstill in the Delaware river. A coal famine is imminent in ports that depend on Philadelphia for a supply of coal.” (Oakland Tribune, CA. “Philadelphia Blizzard.” 2-13-1899, 5.)

 

Feb 13, PA, Pittsburgh: “Pittsburg, Feb. 13.–Never in the history of navigation has the situation in Pittsburg river affairs been so critical as it is now. After three days of the coldest weather ever known in this section of the country the rivers are frozen s tight as a mill race at many points and the ice is growing thicker every hour….To these conditions add the fact of an almost unprecedented accumulation of snow in the watersheds of the Monongahela and Allegheny and it becomes apparent that the inevitable break up in the rivers is to be feared. River men are fearful of a flood that will do great damage along the rivers. Twenty years ago a similar state of affairs resulted disastrously. A number of vessels were wrecked and much coal was lost. At that time a record for low temperature (12 degrees) was established, but that record has been smashed with all others for persistently low temperature. Both rivers are frozen over from Pittsburgh to the headwaters, notwithstanding the constant efforts of pool boats to keep an open channel. It is hardly possible that the snow and ice will be able to pass off without extraordinary results.” (La Harpe Quill, IL. “River Men are Anxious. Situation at Pittsburg in a very Critical Condition.” 2-16-1899, p. 3.)

 

Feb 13, Southern States: “Atlanta, Ga., Feb 13.–The south shivered in a temperature of unprecedented severity. From the Gulf of Mexico northward and from the Atlantic coast to the west boundaries of Texas the cold wave has settled heavily on the country and produced the lowest temperature ever known. Anniston, Ala., reported the lowest temperature–15 degrees below at 7 o’clock in the morning. Atlanta comes next with 8½ below, recorded officially. This is the lowest ever known here, the low mark being broken by 6 degrees. Street thermometers recorded 10 and 12 below, and this temperature, accompanied by a wind which reached a velocity of fifteen miles an hour, made the cold almost unbearable. Great suffering was reported to the police early in the day and prompt measures were taken for relief. The Atlanta Journal and Atlanta Constitution company operated with the police and furnished coal and provisions to hundreds of families. A large number of people with frost-bitten hands, faces, ears and noses were cared for early in the morning, and ten cases were sent to the Grady hospital. One week ago the temperature was 72. Street car traffic is demoralized, no cars having been run on some lines since Saturday night. Four inches of snow covers the ground….

 

“Among the temperature reported to the weather bureau are the following, all below zero: Nashville, 12; Knoxville, 10; Selma, Ala., 6; Birmingham, 5; Columbus, GA., 4; Mobile, Ala., 1; Montgomery, Ala., 4; and many others hovering near the zero mark.” (La Harpe Quill, IL. “Suffering in the South. Unprecedented Cold Weather–Fifteen Below at Anniston, Ala.” 2-16-1899, p. 3.)

 

Feb 13, VA: “Staunton, Va., Feb. 13.–The Chesapeake & Ohio railroad officials have sent dining cars to the relief of the vestibule trains this morning, which are snowbound at Afton on the east side of the Blue Ridge mountains. The Valley branch of the B. & O. has annulled all trains. One passenger train is snowbound at Cave Station, fourteen miles from here.” (Daily Journal, Telluride, CO. “Trains Snowbound.” 2-13-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 13-14, DC: “Washington, Feb 15.–The storm swept past Washington about midnight Monday night [Feb 13] and Tuesday morning the sun shone bright from a clear blue sky on a city buried approximately three feet deep in snow. The gale of wind-driven snow traveled north-north-eastward during Monday, leaving its heavy mantle of snow and its tales of hardships and suffering behind it in the south. Washington is cut off from railroad communication with the outside world, but now the storm has ceased the companies have started to open up their lines and belated trains probably will begin arriving. The storm suspended a large part of the business of the city and also many social functions. The president ordered that the reception to the general public, which was to have been held Tuesday night, be postponed until the weather is more auspicious. Coal has gone up over a dollar a tone. Eggs have advanced from 28 to 50 cents a dozen; pork has gone up seven cents a pound; Irish potatoes have jumped from 45 to 85 cents and vegetable prices have advanced 75 per cent.

 

“The telegraph is the only thing that saves the capital city from being shut off from the outside world, the wires working well in all directions. The railroads are at a standstill, no mails have arrived or been sent out from Washington since one o’clock Monday afternoon and all railroads announce ‘all trains annulled.’

 

“Fortunately, up to this time the police reports show that there have been no casualties from the storm, the harm thus far inflicted being frost-bite and exhaustion, but great destitution among the poor, who were illy prepared to withstand the elements. With the exception of some inconsequential local traffic, not a train reached the city on the three principal railroads Tuesday. Passengers who were fortunate enough to get in tell remarkable stories of snowdrifts and the extent of the storm along the route.” (Sycamore True Republican, IL. “Work of the Blizzard.” 2-18-1899, p. 2.)

 

Feb 14:

 

Feb 14, Baltimore: “Baltimore, Md., Feb. 14.–Snow has been falling in this city without intermission since nine o’clock Saturday night [Feb 11] and the wind has been blowing a gale from the northwest, with the result that the street car lines and all the steamboat lines leading into the city are at a standstill. Reports from all parts of the state show the same condition of things and much suffering both among the farmers and the poor. All trains are behind, owing to snowdrifts on all lines.” (Hartford City Telegram, IN. “Baltimore Gets Her Share.” 2-15-1899, 6)

 

Feb 14, Frederick and vicinity: “Frederick, Md., Feb. 14.–The wind, which blew a perfect gale during the prevalence of this week’s blizzard, subsided about 4 o’clock this morning, after clearing all the snow from the mountain tops of the Catoctin range down into the valley of Frederick. Last night’s blizzard was the most terrific that has ever been experienced in Frederick, and as a consequence the city is practically walled in by snow.

 

“On the Emmitsburg road, leading north from Frederick, the drifts are so high that the fence posts are buried beneath them, and nothing but one vast expansive body of snow covering the entire country can be seen.

 

“The Washington pike south of the city, and the Baltimore pike entering the city on the east side and passing out the west, are obliterated. In many places the snow is piled up to the second story windows of the dwellings. Some of the side streets in Frederick City are impassable, and on Market street the snow is from four to five feet deep.

 

“Myersville[141] is walled in by snow seven and eight feet deep, with great drifts in the town. Travel to or from the town will be impossible for some days. At Ellerton the conditions are the same with drifts ten feet high. Jefferson[142] is also blockaded, and snow is piled up to thee second floors of the houses. In Liberty like conditions exist.[143] Similar reports also come from all sections of Frederick county. Everywhere are great drifts, ranging from seven to twenty feet in height, and it will take much labor, even if aided by a sudden thaw, to open the country roads….

 

“There is a great demand for coal [in Frederick], but carts are not able to get through many of the side streets. Not a railroad train came into Frederick yesterday or today, and not one has left since Sunday afternoon [Feb 12]. The Pennsylvania, Western Maryland and Baltimore and Ohio systems are completely blocked and traffic suspended….

 

“For the first time in its history Frederick had no market today.” (Baltimore Sun, MD. “Drifts From Catoctin.” 2-15-1899, p. 6.)

 

Feb 14, Ocean City, MD: “Ocean City, Md., Feb. 14.–On Sinepuxent Beach at Ocean City the surf was frozen last night ten feet thick as far as the inner bar…” (Baltimore Sun, MD. “Frozen Sea Surf.” 2-15-1899, p. 6.)

 

Feb 14, New Orleans: “New Orleans, February 14.–The weather in New Orleans has moderated somewhat to-day, but it is still too cold and damp under foot to make pedestrianism pleasant. The mercury steadily rose yesterday and last night, from 6.8 above, the lowest ever recorded in this section, but toward morning it again began to fall. At 7 this morning it stood at 22 degrees.

 

“Throughout the State it has been bitterly cold, and heavy damage has been done to the vegetable and orange crops in spite of the warnings that were sent in advance of the approach on the cold wave. As showing the severity of the weather, Gibbsland’s record may be cited. It was 16 below zero there at last reports. Bayou Terre Bonne and La Fourche are frozen for the first time since the war. Lake Providence in north Louisiana is likewise frozen. Such an event has not been noted before  in the past twenty-five years. Bayou St. John, at the Esplanade bridge on the outskirts of this city, is frozen, and there was skating on the ice this morning. Trains on all the roads are way behind time, and there has been serious interruption to the mail service….” (Indianapolis News, IN. “Severe in the South.” 2-14-1899, p. 1. 2-14-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 14, NY: “New York, Feb 14.–The storm which has been raging since Saturday [Feb 11] night increased in violence Monday, becoming a thorough blizzard. Snow fell all day, and is still coming down. A bitter northwest wind drives the snow in clouds through the streets, piling up three-foot snow drifts. The street cleaning department, after struggling for 36 hours to clear the principal streets, gave up entirely, even surrendering Broadway to the wind and snow. The surface railroads run snowplows over the roads at intervals, and maintain a service, but the cars are not heated, and are not well patronized. The elevated roads are running, but trains pay no regard to schedule time.

 

“In the suburbs, where the winds have free sweep, the drifts are five to ten feet high; street railroads have stopped altogether, and suburban steam railroads re blocked. Many neighboring towns are cut off from New York altogether.

 

“Few trucks and delivery wagons were seen on the streets Monday. Floating ice cakes in the rivers hinder the ferries greatly. Few persons ventured from their homes unless obliged to do so. Courts had to be closed because of the cold, and the special Lincoln day celebration and the theaters were thinly attended.

 

“All the charitable societies are taxed beyond their resources, owing to the sudden demands made upon them. Of the 15,000 destitute families in the city, as estimated by Blair, superintendent of the outdoor poor, nearly all are either freezing or starving. The continued storm has handicapped all efforts to aid, and the blizzard has necessitated a complete suspension. The thousands of poor Jews, Italians, Greeks, Syrians and Armenians who make a living by selling fruit, confectionery and other small articles from push carts and stands, have been driven out of business altogether and brought to the verge of starvation. Persons employed outdoors have lost employment temporarily. They number many thousands, and some of them will swell the list of destitute. At the city lodging house 310 persons were housed Sunday night. Of these 266 were men, 22 were women, and the remainder children.

 

“Three deaths from cold were reported Monday [Feb 13]. They were: Richard Atcheson, 56 years of age, frozen to death in the snow; George Hatzen, an agent, at 744 Broadway, found dead in a snow drift; Lee Sing, a Chinaman, 22 years old, frozen to death in Brooklyn….” (Logansport Daily Reporter, IN. “East Gets A Taste. Remarkable Blizzard and Low Temperature Reported.” 2-14-1899, p. 1.)

 

Feb 14, Alexandria, VA: “Alexandria, Va., Feb. 14.–The Pennsylvania Railway began this evening running local trains between this city and Washington. Mails reached here tonight, the first time since Sunday. The snow is six to ten feet deep near Falls Church. Forty Alexandrians detained at power house near Four-Mile run without food twenty-four hours walked to this city amid the snowdrifts, three miles, and reached here at 9 o’clock this morning.” (Baltimore Sun, MD. “At Other Virginia Points.” 2-14-1899, p. 6.)

 

Feb 14, Bristol, VA: “Bristol, Va., Feb. 14.–The coldest weather in six years prevailed in this section. The mercury reached 20 below zero this morning….Coal is scarce and many poor people are suffering.” (Baltimore Sun, MD. “At Other Virginia Points.” 2-14-1899, p. 6.)

 

Feb 14, Petersburg, VA: “Petersburg, Va., Feb. 14.–In consequence of the snow and cold weather all of the tobacco factories here have closed, and fully 3,000 persons, mostly colored people, are thrown out of employment. There are over 5,000 persons out of employment in Petersburg and vicinity by reason of the cold weather….” (Baltimore Sun, MD. “Factories Shut Down.” 2-15-1899, p. 6.)

 

Feb 14, Richmond, VA: “Richmond, Va., Feb. 13.–A sunny day helped the people to do much to relieve themselves from the thrall of the seventeen inches of snow which fell in this vicinity…James river is frozen over as far as can be seen….Wood is scarce and teamsters are overwhelmed with orders, which they can fill but slowly, as three horses are now needed where two were commonly used. Some of the factories…are closed today for lack of fuel…The hotels are full of passengers who laid over here because of stopped trains. Governor Tyler has not been at the executive office for two days…” (Baltimore Sun, MD. “Richmond’s Thralldom.” 2-15-1899, p. 6.)

 

Feb 14, Winchester, VA: “Winchester, Va., Feb 14.–The city council today made appropriations for cleaning the streets of snow, which is in many places eight and ten feet deep, stopping all travel. Systematic efforts are being made to relieve the numerous cases of distress reported, and the council also appropriated a sum of money for this purpose. Large forces of men are endeavoring to clear the drifts from the railroad tracks.” (Baltimore Sun, MD. “At Other Virginia Points.” 2-14-1899, p. 6.)

 

Feb 14, Charlestown, WV: “Charlestown, W.Va., Feb. 14.–The heavy snowstorm ceased at 8 o’clock last night, and today the temperature rose to 25 above zero, giving great relief. All trains are blocked on the Baltimore and Ohio and Norfolk and Western railroads, s the snow drifts are nearly twenty feet deep in many places. The snow is three feet deep on the level and all the country roads are drifted full. Demand for laborers to shovel snow cannot be half met, and the railroads are offering 20 cents her hour. No mails have reached this place since Sunday morning.” (Baltimore Sun, MD. “At Other Virginia Points.” 2-14-1899, p. 6.)

 

Feb 15, Hagerstown, MD: “Four years ago, almost to a day, Hagerstown was enfolded in the icy embrace of a blizzard, which, previous to that time, was unprecedented. It simply overwhelmed the community. That it would never be equaled was the hope of everyone, but today conditions are much worse than then.

 

“Every day since February began snow has fallen until a layer of falf a foot or more covered the ground. On Saturday evening [Feb 11], after two or three days of the most painfully cold weather known here, it began to snow. For 48 hours it kept steadily as it until a blanket two feet or more deep covered the ground. While it was falling a wind prevailed more or less violent and the result is what would be expected. Drifts here and there, shifting like the sands of the desert, now piled six feet high at one corner and an hour later the place would be almost bare. Every shelter where the whirling wind could eddy it deposited its white burden, blocking streets, highways and railroads; shutting off the town from the outer world, and cutting one part of the town completely off from the other.

 

“There has never been such severe weather in Hagerstown. There is no record of any such conditions as now prevail.

 

“As the night closed down on Sunday [Feb 12] the fast falling snow, the wind and the extreme cold forebode a fearful night. All through the night it grew worse and worse, and Monday morning brought no mitigation. In the early hours it was possible to get from place to place. Some wagons, a few sleighs and a few people were moving about. But by midday everything practically closed and by night fall the town was enwrapped in an all prevailing, blinding, freezing blizzard, traffic closed entirely and all business was suspended. The snow ceased falling as though to give the wind a better chance and the howling demons from the caves of Boreas came raging and relentless to fill the sum total of the worse spell of weather known here in the century.

 

“The thermometer fell with the close of day and in a few hours after dark, which shut in from the gloomy vault of the sky like a pall, the cold was intense. Each succeeding hour was worse than the one before. It was a night long to be remembered….

 

“Monday will long be remembered as one of the most disagreeable of disagreeable days, the weather conditions being even worse than Sunday. Snow fell throughout the day and in addition the wind seemed to blow in all directions at the same time….In many places it was next to impossible for pedestrians to walk. Drifts in the Public Square were from eight to ten feet deep….” (Herald and Torch Light, Hagerstown, MD. “In the Icy Grip of the Blizzard.” 2-16-1899, p. 5.)

Feb 15:

 

Feb 15, NY: “New York, Feb. 15.–With clear skies and warmer weather New York started to dig itself out of the snow Tuesday morning [Feb 14]. The thermometer rose smartly. By noon the mercury had reached 25 degrees above zero and there was not a cloud in the sky. After Saturday’s half holiday and the suspension of business on Sunday and Monday, Tuesday’s street traffic was tremendous, with the result of blockades everywhere.

 

“In response to the piteous cries for aid that went up from many sections of the city, Gov. Roosevelt has ordered the opening of the armories of the Eighth, Ninth, Twelfth, Sixty-ninth and Seventy-first regiments for the shelter of such portions of the homeless poor as might take refuge there.

 

“The snow contractor estimated that upwards of 45,000 loads of snow were removed from the street up to six o’clock Tuesday night. This means about 70,000 cubic yards and an expense of over $21,000. At six o’clock at night a force of about 1,800 men started to work with between 800 and 1,000 carts. All the night force was practically concentrated on Broadway, an it was expected this thoroughfare would be cleared by the time of opening business from Forty-second street to the Battery.” (Sycamore True Republican, IL. “Work of the Blizzard.” 2-18-1899, p. 2.)

 

Feb 15, TX: “Houston, Tex., Feb 15.–The weather in Texas for the past week has been terrible. In the southwest for the first time since 1882 there has been skating. In northern Texas the blizzard Saturday and Sunday was the most severe in history.” (Daily Journal, Freeport, IL. “Terrible Weather in Texas.” 2-15-1899, p. 3.)

 

Feb 16, Waynesboro, PA: “Waynesboro is still snow bound. The only team in the town Tuesday morning [Feb 14] from outside of town was a milk wagon drawn by four horses. The roads and pike are all blocked, business is at a standstill as far as country trade is concerned….The coal supply in town is running very short, which causes some alarm.” (Herald and Torch Light, Hagerstown, MD. “In the Icy Grip of the Blizzard.” 2-16-1899, p. 5.)

 

Feb 16, The South: “The blizzard did great damage in many sections of Georgia. Experienced fruit growers are unanimously of the opinion that practically all fruit in the middle tier of counties, except plums, have been killed by the severe cold. Some growers say at least two-thirds of the peach crop was ruined before the present spell came….

 

“A Nashville, Tenn., dispatch says: The situation as to coal in Nashville Monday was as bad as any day since the famous [coal] famine developed. While considerable coal was delivered Sunday, the receipts were comparatively small Monday, and one-tenth of the demand could not be filled. Long lines of people took their turn at every coal yard, and more coal was sold to people who brought wagons than was delivered by dealers. People who could not get wagons brought sacks, and many men carried coal home on street cars and in buggies. Several more manufactories closed down Monday, including the publishing house of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, which finished out the day by burning old records and other books.

 

“A Columbia, S.C., special says: South Carolina, particularly its capital city, is feeling the effect of the blizzard very keenly. The snow is eleven and a half inches deep, the heaviest ever had here, save in February, 1894, when it was 11.8 inches. All previous temperature records have been broken.

 

“All records for low temperature in Arkansas have been broken and February 12, 1899, will be treasured up in the memory of the ‘oldest inhabitant’ for years to come.

 

“At New Orleans the mercury went to 7 Sunday night, being eight degrees lower than previous records. The ground was covered with sleet and snow. On account of severe weather the Proteus display and ball was postponed….

 

“At Vicksburg, Miss., dispatch says: This section is experiencing the coldest weather ever known. The thermometer reached one degree below zero Sunday morning. The river is frozen for 200 feet from the shore and ll river craft is tied up by the ice. Floating ice is passing in the channel continuously.

 

“For the first time in its history Waco, Texas, and vicinity experienced zero weather. Sunday morning the mercury showed 7 below and Monday morning 3 below. Oats are ruined and wheat so seriously injured as to amount to destruction….The Brazos river is frozen from bank to bank.” (Vienna Progress, GA. “In Icy Grasp of Blizzard. Cold Wave Does Great Damage…” 2-16-1899, p. 6.)

 

Sources

 

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Boston Globe, MA. “Body Half-Covered in Snow.” 2-9-1899, p. 5. Accessed 12-20-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/boston-daily-globe-feb-09-1899-p-15/

 

Boston Globe, MA. “Body on the Way to Boston.” 2-12-1899, p. 4. Accessed 12-20-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/boston-sunday-globe-feb-12-1899-p-64/

 

Boston Globe, MA. “Colder in Connecticut.” 2-11-1899, p. 7. Accessed 12-20-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/boston-daily-globe-feb-11-1899-p-19/

 

Boston Globe, MA. “Dog Guarded Aged Man’s Body.” 2-12-1899, p. 4. Accessed 12-20-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/boston-sunday-globe-feb-12-1899-p-64/

 

Boston Globe, MA. “Exposure Did It. Cause of the Death of Mrs. O’Brien.” 2-13-1899, p. 6. Accessed 12-20-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/boston-daily-globe-feb-13-1899-p-6/

 

Boston Globe, MA. “Hudson River Frozen.” 2-10-1899, p. 3. Accessed 12-20-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/boston-daily-globe-feb-10-1899-p-15/

 

Boston Globe, MA. “New York Man Frozen to Death.” 2-10-1899, p. 1.  Accessed 12-20-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/boston-daily-globe-feb-10-1899-p-1/

 

Brimfield News, IL. “Week’s News Record,” 2-9-1899, p. 2. Accessed 12-16-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/brimfield-news-feb-09-1899-p-2/

 

Burlington Hawk-Eye. “Frozen to Death. Sad Fatality of the Intense Cold near Leon, Iowa.” 2-14-1899, p. 3. Accessed 12-19-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/burlington-hawk-eye-feb-14-1899-p-3/

 

Carbondale Free Press, IL. “Five Deaths Reported from Kentucky Due to the Extreme and Unusual Cold.” 2-18-1899, p. 2. Accessed 12-17-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/carbondale-free-press-feb-18-1899-p-2/

 

Centralia Daily Sentinel, IL. “Death in an Avalanche.” 2-13-1899, p. 4. Accessed 12-17-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/centralia-daily-sentinel-feb-13-1899-p-4/

 

Centralia Sentinel, IL. “Telegraphic Notes.” 2-16-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-17-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/centralia-sentinel-feb-16-1899-p-1/

 

Colorado Transcript, Golden, CO. “News from the Western Region.” 2-1-1899, p. 2. Accessed 12-17-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/golden-colorado-transcript-feb-01-1899-p-2/

 

Colorado Transcript, Golden, CO. “News from the Western Region.” 2-8-1899, p. 2. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/golden-colorado-transcript-feb-08-1899-p-2/

 

Corydon Republican, IN. “News from Indiana.” 2-16-1899, p. 6. Accessed 12-19-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/corydon-republican-feb-16-1899-p-6/

 

Daily Illinois Courier, Jacksonville. “Found Frozen to Death.” 2-11-1899, p. 4. Accessed 12-16-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/jacksonville-daily-illinois-courier-feb-11-1899-p-4/

 

Daily Illinois Courier, Jacksonville, IL. “Found Frozen to Death in His Sleigh.” 2-11-1899, p. 4. Accessed 12-16-2018: https://newspaperarchive.com/jacksonville-daily-illinois-courier-feb-11-1899-p-4/

 

Daily Illinois Courier, Jacksonville, IL. “Frozen to Death in His Wagon.” 2-14-1899, p. 4. Accessed 12-17-2018: https://newspaperarchive.com/jacksonville-daily-illinois-courier-feb-14-1899-p-4/

 

Daily Illinois Courier, Jacksonville, IL. “Harrisburg Snowbound.” 2-14-1899, p. 4. Accessed 12-17-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/jacksonville-daily-illinois-courier-feb-14-1899-p-4/

 

Daily Illinois Courier, Jacksonville, IL. “Telegraphic Notes.” 2-15-1899, p. 4. Accessed 12-17-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/jacksonville-daily-illinois-courier-feb-15-1899-p-7/

 

Daily Illinois Courier, Jacksonville, IL. “Weather in Old Kaintuck.” 2-14-1899, p. 4. Accessed 12-17-2018: https://newspaperarchive.com/jacksonville-daily-illinois-courier-feb-14-1899-p-4/

 

Daily Journal, Freeport, IL. “Deep Frost.” 2-6-1899, p. 8. Accessed 12-16-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/freeport-daily-journal-feb-06-1899-p-8/

 

Daily Journal, Freeport, IL. “Storm Fatalities in West Virginia,” 2-15-1899, p. 3. Accessed 12-17-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/freeport-daily-journal-feb-15-1899-p-3/

 

Daily Journal, Freeport, IL. “Terrible Weather in Texas.” 2-15-1899, p. 3. Accessed 12-17-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/freeport-daily-journal-feb-15-1899-p-3/

 

Daily Journal, Freeport, IL. “Weather is Moderating.” 2-11-1899, p. 6. Accessed 12-16-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/freeport-daily-journal-feb-11-1899-p-6/

 

Daily Journal, Freeport, IL. “Woman Frozen to Death.” 2-8-1899, p. 2. Accessed 12-16-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/freeport-daily-journal-feb-08-1899-p-2/

 

Daily Journal, Telluride, CO. “Blizzard at Boston.” 2-8-2018, p. 1. Accessed 12-16-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/freeport-daily-journal-feb-08-1899-p-2/

 

Daily Journal, Telluride, CO. “Blizzard Reaches New York.” 2-13-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/telluride-daily-journal-feb-13-1899-p-1/

 

Daily Journal, Telluride, CO. “Fire at Louisiana,” 2-13-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-16-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/freeport-daily-journal-feb-08-1899-p-2/

 

Daily Journal, Telluride, CO. “Harbor Frozen Solid.” 2-13-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-16-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/freeport-daily-journal-feb-08-1899-p-2/

 

Daily Journal, Telluride, CO. “Saved from Fire to Freeze to Death.” 2-8-2018, p. 1. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/telluride-daily-journal-feb-08-1899-p-1/

 

Daily Journal, Telluride, CO. “Silver Plume is in Mourning.” 2-13-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/telluride-daily-journal-feb-13-1899-p-1/

 

Daily Journal, Telluride, CO. “Trains Snowbound.” 2-13-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/telluride-daily-journal-feb-13-1899-p-1/

 

Daily Reflector, Norwalk, OH. “32 Below Zero.” 2-3-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-21-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/norwalk-daily-reflector-feb-03-1899-p-1/

 

Daily Reflector, Norwalk, OH. “Froze to Death.” 2-9-1899, p. 4. Accessed 12-21-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/norwalk-daily-reflector-feb-09-1899-p-4/

 

Daily Republican, Decatur, IL. “Like Klondyke. This is the Coldest Day of the Winter. 22 Below this Morning,” 2-9-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-16-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/decatur-daily-republican-feb-09-1899-p-1/

 

Daily Republican, Decatur, IL. “Winter’s Icy Grip,” 2-9-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-16-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/decatur-daily-republican-feb-09-1899-p-1/

 

Daily Times, Columbus, IN. “Explosion of Frozen Water Pipes.” 2-12-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/columbus-daily-times-feb-12-1899-p-1/

 

Daily Times, Dubuque, IA. “Down a Peg or Two. Colder Weather Reported at St. Paul, Chicago…” 2-9-1899, p. 7. Accessed 12-22-2018: https://newspaperarchive.com/daily-times-feb-09-1899-p-7/

 

Evening News Review, East Liverpool OH. “To Continue Cold.” 2-11-1899, p. 32. Accessed 12-21-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/east-liverpool-evening-news-review-feb-11-1899-p-32/

 

Fort Madison Evening Democrat, IA. “Coldest Day of Winter.” 2-2-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-19-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/fort-madison-evening-democrat-feb-02-1899-p-1/

 

Fort Madison Weekly Democrat. “East Gets a Taste. Remarkable Blizzard…” 2-15-1899, p. 3. Accessed 12-19-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/fort-madison-weekly-democrat-feb-15-1899-p-3/

 

Fort Wayne Morning Journal, IN. “Two Deaths Result,” 2-12-1899, p. 4. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/fort-wayne-journal-feb-12-1899-p-4/

 

Fresno Morning Republican, CA. “A Prospector Frozen to Death.” 2-7-1899, p. 2. Accessed 12-17-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/fresno-morning-republican-feb-07-1899-p-2/

 

Fresno Morning Republican, CA. “Death Came in its Wake. Grim Progress of the Blizzard.” 2-11-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-17-2018: https://newspaperarchive.com/fresno-morning-republican-feb-11-1899-p-1/

 

Fresno Morning Republican, CA. “Frozen to Death.” 2-17-1899, p. 3. Accessed 12-17-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/fresno-morning-republican-feb-17-1899-p-3/

 

Fresno Morning Republican, CA. “Two Women Frozen to Death.” 2-2-1899, p. 2. Accessed 12-17-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/fresno-morning-republican-feb-02-1899-p-2/

 

Goshen Daily News, IN. “Frozen to Death.” 2-8-1899, p. 3. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/goshen-daily-news-feb-08-1899-p-3/

 

Goshen Daily News, IN. “Lives Lost in Intense Cold.” 2-8-1899, p. 3. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/goshen-daily-news-feb-08-1899-p-3/

 

Goshen Daily News, IN. “Weather Bureau Predicts Continuance of the Cold Wave.” 2-11-1899, p. 3. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/goshen-daily-news-feb-11-1899-p-3/

 

Goshen Democrat, IN. “Here and There.” 2-18-1899, p. 2. Accessed 12-19-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/goshen-democrat-feb-18-1899-p-2/

 

Goshen Mid-Week News, IN. “Frozen to Death Going to School.” 2-4-1899, p. 8. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/goshen-mid-week-news-feb-04-1899-p-8/

 

Goshen Daily News, IN. “Northwest in Icy Grip of Winter.” 2-9-1899, p. 3. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/goshen-daily-news-feb-09-1899-p-3/

 

Hartford City Telegram, IN. “Baltimore Gets Her Share.” 2-15-1899, p. 6. Accessed 12-19-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/hartford-city-telegram-feb-15-1899-p-6/

 

Henry, Alfred J. “The Weather of the Month.” Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 27, No. 2, Feb 1899, p. 50. Accessed 12-16-2018 at: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/attachments/Monthly-Weather-Review-February-1899.pdf

 

Herald and Torch Light, Hagerstown, MD. “In the Icy Grip of the Blizzard.” 2-16-1899, p. 5. Accessed 12-20-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/hagerstown-herald-and-torch-light-feb-16-1899-p-5/

 

Herald Democrat, Leadville, CO. “Silver Plume’s Catastrophe from Gigantic Snowslide.” 2-13-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/leadville-herald-democrat-feb-13-1899-p-1/

 

Home Journal, Perry, GA. “Sidewalk Gleanings.” 2-16-1899, p. 3. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/perry-houston-home-journal-feb-16-1899-p-3/

 

Indianapolis News, IN. “Cold Weather Continues.” 2-6-1899, p. 2. Accessed 12-22-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/indianapolis-news-feb-06-1899-p-2/

 

Indianapolis News, IN. “Frozen to Death.” 2-13-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/indianapolis-news-feb-13-1899-p-1/

 

Indianapolis News, IN. “General State News.” 2-14-1899, p. 6. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/indianapolis-news-feb-14-1899-p-6/

 

Indianapolis News, IN. “Severe in the South.” 2-14-1899, p. 1. 2-14-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-22-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/indianapolis-news-feb-14-1899-p-1/

 

Indianapolis News, IN. “Stock Frozen To Death.” 2-6-1899, p. 2. Accessed 12-22-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/indianapolis-news-feb-06-1899-p-2/

 

Indianapolis Sun, IN. “Severe Cold in New York.” 2-10-1899, p. 2. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/indianapolis-sun-feb-10-1899-p-2/

 

Jacksonville Daily Journal, IL. “Dr. Adams in the South.” 2-18-1899, p. 4. Accessed 12-17-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/jacksonville-daily-journal-feb-18-1899-p-4/

 

Journal-Advance, Orchard, AR. “Mother and Child Frozen.” 2-3-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-17-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/journal-advance-feb-03-1899-p-1/

 

La Harpe Quill, IL. “Blizzard in New York.” 2-16-1899, p. 3. Accessed 12-17-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/la-harpe-quill-feb-16-1899-p-3/

 

La Harpe Quill, IL. “Cold and Blizzards…Washington Buried Under Snow.” 2-16-1900. p. 3. Accessed 12-17-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/la-harpe-quill-feb-16-1899-p-3/

 

La Harpe Quill, IL. “River Men are Anxious. Situation at Pittsburg in a very Critical Condition.” 2-16-1899, p. 3. Accessed 12-17-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/la-harpe-quill-feb-16-1899-p-3/

 

La Harpe Quill, IL. “Suffering in the South. Unprecedented Cold Weather–Fifteen Below at Anniston, Ala.” 2-16-1899, 3. Accessed 12-17-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/la-harpe-quill-feb-16-1899-p-3/

 

Lemhi Republic, Salmon City, ID. “Northwest Notes.” 2-16-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-19-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/salmon-lemhi-republic-feb-17-1899-p-1/

 

Logansport Daily Reporter, IN. “Cold Brings Death.” 2-1-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/logansport-reporter-feb-01-1899-p-1/

 

Logansport Daily Reporter, IN. “East Gets A Taste. Remarkable Blizzard and Low Temperature Reported.” 2-14-1899, p1. Accessed 12-19-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/logansport-reporter-feb-14-1899-p-1/

 

Logansport Daily Reporter, IN. “Frozen to Death in Texas.” 2-14-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-19-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/logansport-reporter-feb-14-1899-p-1/

 

Monthly Weather Review (Prof. E. B. Garriott). “Forecasts and Warnings.” Vol. 27, No. 2, Feb 1899, P. 41. Accessed 12-16-2018 at: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/attachments/Monthly-Weather-Review-February-1899.pdf

 

Morning Times, Cripple Creek, CO. “Children Drowned.” 2-3-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/cripple-creek-morning-times-feb-03-1899-p-1/

 

Morning Times, Cripple Creek, CO. “Killed in Snow Slide,” 2-3-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/cripple-creek-morning-times-feb-03-1899-p-1/

 

Morning Times, Cripple Creek, CO. “The Worst in Many Long Years. Storm in the Mountains is Still Raging Furiously.” 2-3-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/cripple-creek-morning-times-feb-03-1899-p-1/

 

Mountain Democrat, Placerville, CA. “United States.” 2-11-1899, p. 2. Accessed 12-17-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/placerville-mountain-democrat-feb-11-1899-p-2/

 

Nashua Reporter, IA. “Blows Icy Blasts. Frigid Wave Sweeps Down from the North.” 2-9-1899, p. 14. Accessed 12-16-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/nashua-reporter-feb-09-1899-p-14/

 

Naugatuck Daily News, CT. “Campbell’s Ignominious End.” 2-4-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/naugatuck-daily-news-feb-04-1899-p-1/

 

NOAA, National Centers for Environmental Information. Climate History: The Great Arctic Outbreak of February 1899. Accessed 12-16-2018 at: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/news/climate-history-great-arctic-outbreak-february-1899

 

Oakland Tribune, CA. “Boston Blockaded.” 2-13-1899, p. 5. Accessed 12-17-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/oakland-tribune-feb-13-1899-p-5/

 

Oakland Tribune, CA. “Philadelphia Blizzard.” 2-13-1899, 5. Accessed 12-17-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/oakland-tribune-feb-13-1899-p-5/

 

Pontiac Sentinel, IL. “Frozen to Death.” 2-17-1899, p. 10. Accessed 12-17-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/pontiac-sentinel-feb-17-1899-p-10/

 

Pontiac Sentinel, IL. “Victims of the Cold.” 2-17-1899, p. 10. Accessed 12-17-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/pontiac-sentinel-feb-17-1899-p-10/

 

Rochester Weekly Republican, IN. “News From Indiana,” 2-16-1899, p. 1, col. 6. Accessed 12-19-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/rochester-weekly-republican-feb-16-1899-p-1/

 

Rochester Weekly Republican, IN. “Victim of Heart Failure.” 2-16-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-19-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/rochester-weekly-republican-feb-16-1899-p-1/

 

Salem Leader, IN. “Frozen to Death.” 2-17-1899, p. 6. Accessed 12-19-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/salem-leader-feb-17-1899-p-6/

 

Sycamore True Republican, IL. “Work of the Blizzard.” 2-18-1899, p. 2. Accessed 12-17-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/sycamore-true-republican-feb-18-1899-p-2/

 

The Gazette, Cedar Falls, IA. “Four Deaths by Freezing.” 2-7-1899, p. 2. Accessed 12-16-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/cedar-falls-semi-weekly-cedar-falls-gazette-feb-07-1899-p-2/

 

The Landmark, Statesville, NC. “State News,” 2-17-1899, p. 6. Accessed 12-21-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/statesville-landmark-feb-17-1899-p-6/

 

The News, Frederick, MD. “Froze to Death at His Home.” 2-18-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-20-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/frederick-news-feb-18-1899-p-1/

 

The News, Frederick, MD. “Frozen to Death in His Home.” 2-18-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-20-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/news-feb-18-1899-p-1/

 

The Sun, Indianapolis, IN. “Icicles.” 2-13-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/indianapolis-sun-feb-13-1899-p-1/

 

The Sun, Indianapolis, IN. “The Mercury Rises.” 2-14-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/indianapolis-sun-feb-14-1899-p-1/

 

Trenton Evening Times, NJ. “Blizzard Here and Elsewhere.” 2-13-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-22-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/trenton-evening-times-feb-13-1899-p-1/

 

Trenton Evening Times, NJ. “Robert B. Hill Dead.” 2-14-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-21-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/trenton-evening-times-feb-14-1899-p-1/

 

Vienna Progress, GA. “In Icy Grasp of Blizzard. Cold Wave Does Great Damage Over Wide Section.” 2-16-1899, p. 6. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/vienna-progress-feb-16-1899-p-6/

 

Weekly Illinois Courier, Jacksonville, IL. “Found Dead in a Beer Car.” 2-15-1899, p. 8. Accessed 12-17-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/jacksonville-daily-illinois-courier-feb-15-1899-p-8/

 

Weekly Pantagraph, Bloomington, IL. “Illinois News in Brief.” 2-10-1899, p. 1. Accessed 12-16-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/bloomington-weekly-pantagraph-feb-10-1899-p-1/

 

Weekly Pantagraph, Bloomington, IL “Long List of the Dead.” 2-17-1899, p. 5. Accessed 12-17-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/bloomington-weekly-pantagraph-feb-17-1899-p-13/

 

Weekly Sentinel, Fort Wayne, IN. “Northern Indiana Notes.” 2-1-1899, p. 4. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/fort-wayne-weekly-sentinel-feb-01-1899-p-4/

 

 

[1] Alton Evening Telegraph, IL. “Mail Carrier Frozen to Death.” 2-14-1899, p. 4.

[2] Colorado Transcript, Golden, CO. “News from the Western Region.” 2-1-1899, p. 2.

[3] John McMahan was a roadmaster. John Dempsey and John Mulvahill were section men. (Avalanche Echo, Glenwood Springs, CO. “Death and Destruction. Snow Slides at Shoshone Send Souls Swiftly to Eternity.” 2-2-1899, p. 3.)

[4] Morning Times, Cripple Creek, CO. “Killed in Snow Slide,” 2-3-1899, p. 1.

[5] Morning Times, Cripple Creek, CO. “Children Drowned.” 2-3-1899, p. 1.

[6] Fresno Morning Republican, CA. “A Prospector Frozen to Death.” 2-7-1899, p. 2.

[7] It is our assumption that the Silver Plume avalanche is the location of the referenced avalanche — on Feb 12. (Daily Journal, Telluride, CO. “Silver Plume is in Mourning.” 2-13-1899, p. 1.

[8] Herald Telluride, CO. “Silver Plume is in Mourning.” 2-13-1899, p. 1.

[8] Herald Democrat, Leadville, CO. “Silver Plume’s Catastrophe from Gigantic Snowslide.” 2-13-1899, p. 1.

[9] Colorado Transcript, Golden, CO. “News from the Western Region.” 2-8-1899, p. 2.

[10] Boston Globe, MA. “Colder in Connecticut.” 2-11-1899, p. 7.

[11] Naugatuck Daily News, CT. “Campbell’s Ignominious End.” 2-4-1899, p. 1. Coroner speculated that Mr. Campbell was intoxicated when he got onto bed, without lighting a fire, or pulling a cover over him.

[12] Baltimore Sun, MD. “Found Frozen to Death.” 2-2-1899, p. 10.

[13] Rochester Weekly Republican, IN. “Victim of Heart Failure.” 2-16-1899, p. 1.

[14] “Further north and even in Georgia, people froze to death last Monday [Feb 13], and there was considerable loss of animal life.”

[15] Baltimore Sun, MD. “Below Zero in The South.” 2-14-1899, p. 6.

[16] The Sun, Indianapolis, IN. “Icicles.” 2-13-1899, p. 1.

[17] Weekly Illinois Courier, Jacksonville, IL. “Found Dead in a Beer Car.” 2-15-1899, p. 8.

[18] Goshen Daily News, IN. “Northwest in Icy Grip of Winter.” 2-9-1899, p. 3.

[19] Daily Journal, Freeport, IL. “Weather is Moderating.” 2-11-1899, p. 6.

[20] Daily Journal, Freeport, IL. “Weather is Moderating.” 2-11-1899, p. 6.

[21] Arizona Republican, Phoenix. “Business Paralyzed.” 2-10-1899, p. 1.

[22] Weekly Pantagraph, Bloomington, IL. “Illinois News in Brief.” 2-10-1899, p. 1.

[23] Arizona Republican, Phoenix. “Business Paralyzed.” 2-10-1899, p. 1.

[24] Arizona Republican, Phoenix. “Jack Frost in Chicago.” 2-10-1899, p. 1.

[25] Associated Press. “Thrilling Region of Thick-Ribbed Ice.” Oakland Tribune, CA. 2-9-1899, p. 1.

[26] Weekly Pantagraph, Bloomington, IL “Long List of the Dead.” 2-17-1899, p. 5.

[27] Indianapolis News, IN. “General State News.” 2-14-1899, p. 6.

[28] Goshen Daily News, IN. “Weather Bureau Predicts Continuance of the Cold Wave.” 2-11-1899, p. 3.

[29] Indianapolis News, IN. “General State News.” 2-14-1899, p. 6.

[30] Rochester Weekly Republican, IN. “News From Indiana,” 2-16-1899, p. 1, col. 6.

[31] Indianapolis News, IN. “General State News.” 2-14-1899, p. 6.

[32] Weekly Sentinel, Fort Wayne, IN. “Northern Indiana Notes.” 2-1-1899, p. 4.

[33] Goshen Democrat, IN. “Here and There.” 2-18-1899, p. 2.

[34] We do not know how many children, which is why we note “at least two.” It is noted that “The thermometer registered 20 below zero when the fire broke out.” Also noted that the children were lightly dressed. (Daily Journal, Telluride, CO. “Saved from Fire to Freeze to Death.” 2-8-2018, p. 1.)

[35] Corydon Republican, IN. “News from Indiana.” 2-16-1899, p. 6.

[36] Burlington Hawk-Eye. “Frozen to Death. Sad Fatality of the Intense Cold near Leon, Iowa.” 2-14-1899, p. 3.

[37] Goshen Daily News, IN. “Frozen to Death.” 2-8-1899, p. 3.

[38] Daily Journal, Freeport, IL. “Frozen to Death.” 2-11-1899, p. 6.

[39] Goshen Daily News, IN. “Lives Lost in Intense Cold.” 2-8-1899, p. 3.

[40] Daily Illinois Courier, Jacksonville. “Found Frozen to Death.” 2-11-1899, p. 4.

[41] Daily Illinois Courier, Jacksonville. “Telegraphic Notes.” 2-15-1899, p. 4.

[42] Carbondale Free Press, IL. “Five Deaths…Kentucky Due to the Extreme and Unusual Cold.” 2-18-1899, p. 2.

[43] Carbondale Free Press, IL. “Five Deaths…Kentucky Due to the Extreme and Unusual Cold.” 2-18-1899, p. 2.

[44] Carbondale Free Press, IL. “Five Deaths…Kentucky Due to the Extreme and Unusual Cold.” 2-18-1899, p. 2.

[45] Daily Illinois Courier, Jacksonville, IL. “Weather in Old Kaintuck.” 2-14-1899, p. 4.

[46] Carbondale Free Press, IL. “Five Deaths…Kentucky Due to the Extreme and Unusual Cold.” 2-18-1899, p. 2.

[47] Daily Journal, Telluride, CO. “Old Man Froze to Death.” 2-13-1899, p. 1.

[48] Daily Journal, Jacksonville, IL. “Dr. Adams in the South.” 2-18-1899, p. 4. Writes that he reported that the temperature was six degrees above zero one night and that “The streets were covered with ice and sleet and for two days it was not impossible to have baggage moved from the depots.”

[49] Boston Globe, MA. “Body on the Way to Boston.” 2-12-1899, p. 4.

[50] Bar Harbor Record, ME. “Frozen to Death.” 2-8-1899, p. 8.

[51] Daily Times, Columbus, IN. “Explosion of Frozen Water Pipes.” 2-12-1899, p. 1.

[52] Baltimore Sun, MD. “Died After Shoveling Snow.” 2-14-1899, p. 1.

[53] Baltimore Sun, MD. “Frozen Near His Home.” 2-15-1899, p. 2.

[54] Baltimore Sun, MD. “Frozen To Death.” 2-17-1899, p. 3.

[55] Baltimore Sun, MD. “Believed to be Dead.” 2-14-1899, p. 6.

[56] It was written that “several deaths occurred.” For the purpose of a tally we convert several to “three or more” or “at least three.” Baltimore Sun, MD. “Suburbs and County. People…Digging Out of Snowdrifts.” 2-17-1899, p. 6. Fallston is about 30 miles from downtown Baltimore. It was noted that “the roads have been impassable.”

[57] Boston Globe, MA. “Dog Guarded Aged Man’s Body.” 2-12-1899, p. 4. Datelined out of Cumberland, MD.

[58] Baltimore Sun, MD. “Frozen To Death.” 2-17-1899, p. 3. Is written that “He left Mt. Airy late at night in the snow-storm then prevailing” for a nearby farm. “He succeeded in getting only about half way home, when it is supposed he fell from exhaustion.”

[59] The two men left the Chase on or about Feb 9 “after a boat that had got adrift from the Chase. They landed…in a gale and it was impossible for them to return to their vessel. They were not seen afterward from the fleet and had not returned to the Chase when Captain Travers left the river last Tuesday [Feb 14]. Thus, they were presumed dead from exposure. (Baltimore Sun, MD. “Fears for Two Sailors.” 2-17-1899, p. 6.)

[60] Baltimore Sun, MD. “Worst Blizzard Ever Known Here.” 2-14-1899, p. 1.

[61] Boston Globe, MA. “Exposure Did It. Cause of the Death of Mrs. O’Brien.” 2-13-1899, p. 6.

[62] Boston Globe, MA. “Body Half-Covered in Snow.” 2-9-1899, p. 5. Notes that a doctor was called to see the body. It is not clear at what time during the night the death occurred, thus we note Feb 8-9.

[63] Pontiac Sentinel, IL. “Frozen to Death.” 2-17-1899, p. 10.

[64] Pontiac Sentinel, IL. “Frozen to Death.” 2-17-1899, p. 10.

[65] Goshen Daily News, IN. “Northwest in Icy Grip of Winter.” 2-9-1899, p. 3.

[66] Logansport Daily Reporter, IN. “Cold Brings Death.” 2-1-1899, p. 1.

[67] Pontiac Sentinel, IL. “Frozen to Death.” 2-17-1899, p. 10.

[68] Date from: Logansport Daily Reporter, IN. “Cold Brings Death.” 2-1-1899, p. 1.

[69] “Clark was overcome by the cold while going to his place of employment.”

[70] Succumbed while searching for work.

[71] Slipped on ice outside home, stunned by fall, died soon thereafter from exposure.

[72] The Gazette, Cedar Falls, IA. “Four Deaths by Freezing.” 2-7-1899, p. 2.

[73] Arizona Republican, Phoenix. “One Death at St. Louis.” 2-10-1899, p. 1.

[74] Lemhi Republic, Salmon City, ID. “Northwest Notes.” 2-16-1899, p. 1.

[75] Goshen Daily News, IN. “Lives Lost in Intense Cold.” 2-8-1899, p. 3.

[76] Associated Press. “More Women Freeze to Death in New York,” Oakland Tribune, CA, 2-15-1899, p. 2.

[77] Fresno Morning Republican, CA. “Death Came in its Wake. Grim Progress of the Blizzard.” 2-11-1899, p. 1.

[78] William Duland, 19. Fresno Morning Republican, CA. “Death Came…Progress of the Blizzard.” 2-11-1899, p. 1.

[79] Fresno Morning Republican, CA. “Death Came in its Wake. Grim Progress of the Blizzard.” 2-11-1899, p. 1.

[80] Trenton Evening Times, NJ. “Robert B. Hill Dead.” 2-14-1899, p. 1.

[81] Salem Leader, IN. “Frozen to Death.” 2-17-1899, p. 6.

[82] Baltimore Sun, MD. “Frozen To Death.” 2-11-1899, p. 2.

[83] Indianapolis News, IN. “Frozen to Death.” 2-13-1899, p. 1.

[84] Logansport…Reporter, IN. “East Gets A Taste. Remarkable Blizzard and Low Temperature…” 2-14-1899, p. 1.

[85] Daily Illinois Courier, Jacksonville, IL. “Found Frozen to Death in His Sleigh.” 2-11-1899, p. 4. Another account spells the last name “Wirth.” (Baltimore Sun, MD. “Frozen To Death.” 2-11-1899, p. 2.)

[86] Baltimore Sun, MD. “Frozen To Death.” 2-11-1899, p. 2.

[87] Article dated Feb 13, notes the two mail carriers left Hart Island to deliver mail to City Island during high wind and floating ice. Article notes that “Six men in a larger boat, who attempted to rescue them, were unable to do so, and it is feared that the light boat was carried off into the sound and perhaps crushed or overturned.” (Indianapolis News, IN. “Frozen to Death.” 2-13-1899, p. 1.) We note that on the 5^th day afterwards, they were unaccounted for.

[88] Daily Illinois Courier, Jacksonville, IL. “Frozen to Death in His Wagon.” 2-14-1899, p. 4.

[89] Fresno Morning Republican, CA. “Frozen to Death.” 2-17-1899, p. 3.

[90] Indianapolis Sun, IN. “Severe Cold in New York.” 2-10-1899, p. 2.

[91] Indianapolis News, IN. “Frozen to Death.” 2-13-1899, p. 1. Last name also spelled “Hatzen” in: Logansport Daily Reporter, IN. “East Gets A Taste. Remarkable Blizzard and Low Temperature Reported.” 2-14-1899, p. 1.

[92] Logansport…Reporter, IN. “East Gets A Taste. Remarkable Blizzard and Low Temperature…” 2-14-1899, p. 1.

[93] The Sun, Indianapolis, IN. “The Mercury Rises.” 2-14-1899, p. 1.

[94] The Sun, Indianapolis, IN. “The Mercury Rises.” 2-14-1899, p. 1.

[95] Associated Press. “More Women Freeze to Death in New York,” Oakland Tribune, CA, 2-15-1899, p. 2.

[96] Boston Globe, MA. “New York Man Frozen to Death.” 2-10-1899, p. 1. Notes that body was found Feb 9 AM.

[97] Fort Madison Weekly Democrat. “East Gets a Taste.” 2-15-1899, p. 3. Notes Mr. McCane was a Yonkers resident.

[98] Fresno Morning Republican, CA. “Frozen to Death.” 2-17-1899, p. 3.

[99] The Landmark, Statesville, NC. “State News,” 2-17-1899, p. 6.

[100] Evening News Review, East Liverpool OH. “To Continue Cold.” P. 32.

[101] Goshen Daily News, IN. “Weather Bureau Predicts Continuance of the Cold Wave.” 2-11-1899, p. 3.

[102] Goshen Daily News, IN. “Northwest in Icy Grip of Winter.” 2-9-1899, p. 3. Paper notes that “Wednesday was the coldest day in seven years.”

[103] Goshen Daily News, IN. “Weather Bureau Predicts Continuance of the Cold Wave.” 2-11-1899, p. 3.

[104] Baltimore Sun. MD. “Storm Fatalities.” 2-15-1899, p. 6.

[105] Daily Reflector, Norwalk, OH. “Froze to Death.” 2-9-1899, p. 4.

[106] Brimfield News, IL. “Week’s News Record,” 2-9-1899, p. 2.

[107] The Sun, Indianapolis, IN. “Icicles.” 2-13-1899, p. 1.

[108] Baltimore Sun, MD. “Frozen To Death.” 2-11-1899, p. 2.

[109] Fort Wayne Morning Journal, IN. “Two Deaths Result,” 2-12-1899, p. 4.

[110] Fort Wayne Morning Journal, IN. “Two Deaths Result,” 2-12-1899, p. 4.

[111] The News, Frederick, MD. “Frozen to Death in His Home.” 2-18-1899, p. 1.

[112] Goshen Daily News, IN. “Weather Bureau Predicts Continuance of the Cold Wave.” 2-11-1899, p. 3.

[113] Goshen Daily News, IN. “Weather Bureau Predicts Continuance of the Cold Wave.” 2-11-1899, p. 3.

[114] Baltimore Sun. “Only One Day Colder. Philadelphia experienced…most frigid weather…century.” 2-11-1899, 2.

[115] Pontiac Sentinel, IL. “Victims of the Cold.” 2-17-1899, p. 10.

[116] Logansport…Reporter, IN. “East Gets A Taste. Remarkable Blizzard and Low Temperature…” 2-14-1899, p. 1.

[117] Pontiac Sentinel, IL. “Victims of the Cold.” 2-17-1899, p. 10.

[118] Logansport…Reporter, IN. “East Gets A Taste. Remarkable Blizzard and Low Temperature…” 2-14-1899, p. 1.

[119] Logansport…Reporter, IN. “East Gets A Taste. Remarkable Blizzard and Low Temperature…” 2-14-1899, p. 1.

[120] The News, Frederick, MD. “Froze to Death at His Home.” 2-18-1899, p. 1.

[121] Fort Madison Evening Democrat, IA. “Coldest Day of Winter.” 2-2-1899, p. 1.

[122] Goshen Daily News, IN. “Lives Lost in Intense Cold.” 2-8-1899, p. 3.

[123] The Sun, Indianapolis, IN. “Icicles.” 2-13-1899, p. 1. [It does appear unlikely that two Maples would freeze.]

[124] The Sun, Indianapolis, IN. “Icicles.” 2-13-1899, p. 1.

[125] Mountain Democrat, Placerville, CA. “United States.” 2-11-1899, p. 2.

[126] Baltimore Sun. MD. “Storm Fatalities.” 2-15-1899, p. 6.

[127] Baltimore Sun. MD. “Storm Fatalities.” 2-15-1899, p. 6.

[128] Baltimore Sun, MD. “An Aged Couple Frozen To Death.” 2-18-1899, p. 8.

[129] It is possible this is a reference to Washington, DC, not Washington state.

[130] Goshen Mid-Week News, IN. “Frozen to Death Going to School.” 2-4-1899, p. 8.

[131] “Cincinnati, Feb 16.–West Virginia specials to The Commercial-Tribune report casualties by the storm as follows: Wheeling–Fatalities from freezing are already about thirty in the state. Reports are current of many fatalities in the mountains.” We highlight in yellow to denote we are not using for our tally in that we could only document reports of four specific deaths, even when looking through Bluefield Daily Telegraph, Feb 1-15.

[132] Baltimore Sun, MD. “In the Virginias. A Man Frozen at Charleston, W.Va.,” 2-11-1899, p. 2.

[133] Centralia Sentinel, IL. “Telegraphic Notes.” 2-16-1899, p. 1. Notes: “It is believed that many deaths from similar cause have occurred there.”  Baltimore Sun. MD. “Storm Fatalities.” 2-15-1899, p. 6.

[134] Baltimore Sun. MD. “Storm Fatalities.” 2-15-1899, p. 6.

[135] Baltimore Sun, MD. “Believed to be Dead.” 2-14-1899, p. 6.

[136] Daily Journal, Freeport, IL. “Woman Frozen to Death.” 2-8-1899, p. 2.

[137] Logansport Daily Reporter, IN. “Cold Brings Death.” 2-1-1899, p. 1.

[138] Journal-Advance, Orchard, AR. “Mother and Child Frozen.” 2-3-1899, p. 1. Another account notes “They had started to drive home from town and became bewildered in the storm. Finally their sleigh overturned and the team broke away. They were beyond help when found some hours later.” (Fresno Morning Republican, CA. “Two Women Frozen to Death.” 2-2-1899, p. 2.)

[139] Logansport Daily Reporter, IN. “Cold Brings Death.” 2-1-1899, p. 1.

[140] Colorado Transcript, Golden, CO. “News from the Western Region.” 2-8-1899, p. 2.

[141] Northwest of Frederick on road over mountain ridge on way to Hagerstown, MD.

[142] Southwest of Frederick.

[143] Several miles northeast of Frederick.