–1,131 Blanchard tally from State and locality breakouts below.

Summary of State Breakouts Below

Alabama ( 2) July 28, Oct 15 Castleberry

Florida ( 81) Aug 29-Nov 16 Pensacola

Georgia ( 1) Sep 2-5 Atlanta

Illinois ( 1) Oct 1-7 Chicago

Louisiana (988) July-Oct (generally) Especially New Orleans (455) and Patterson (52)

Mississippi ( 57) Aug 15-Nov 29 Especially Vicksburg (28)

New York ( 1) June 7 New York City Quarantine Station

Breakout of 1905 Yellow Fever Deaths by States and Localities

Alabama ( 2)

–2 Castleberry (2 cases) Oct 15 Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 53.

–0 Montgomery (1 case) July 28 Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 53.

Florida ( 81)

— 1 Brent (1 case) Sep 26 Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 53.

–81 Pensacola (564 cases) Aug 29-Nov 16. An. Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 53.

— 0 Tampa (1 case July 28 Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 53.

Georgia ( 1)

–1 Atlanta (imported) Sep 2-5 Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 53.

Illinois ( 1) Chicago, Oct 1-7, refugee. Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…1906, p. 53.

Louisiana (988) July-Oct

–988 9,321 cases Carrigan. The Saffron Scourge. 1961, p. 264 279.[1]

–890 Blanchard tally based on numbers below.

Breakout of 1905 Louisiana Yellow Fever Deaths by Locality:

— 1 Alexandria detention camp, 19 cases, Aug 15-Oct 9. An. Rpt…Surgeon-Gen… 1906, p.55.

— 5 Amelia Aug 8 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 475.

— 1 An Italian village, St. Bernard Parish (not the St. Bernard death), Sep 15.[2]

— 3 Ardoyne plantation, 55 cases, Aug 14-Oct 16. Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…1906, p56.

— 1 Arnaudville July 25 Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 475.

— 2 Atherton (8 cases) Oct 3-10 Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 54.

— 7 Barataria Aug 15 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 475.

— 1 Baton Rouge Sep 9 Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 475.

— 1 Bayou Cook July 3[3] Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 475.

— 3 Bayou Goula Aug 1 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 475.

— 2 Bayou Louis (13 cases) Sep 19-Oct 21. Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 54.

— 5 Bayou Natchez & vic., 81 cases, to Oct 28. Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…1906, p. 55.

— 15 Bel Ami Sep 8 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 476.

— 1 Bell Plantation, 1 case to Aug 14 Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 54.

— 12 Belle Grove Aug 31 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 476.

— 5 Bellesein plantation Aug start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 476.

— 1 Berwick City Sep 7 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 476.

— 8 Bon Ami Aug start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 476.

— 3 Bowie, 8 cases to Oct 16 Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 55.

— 8 Bunkie July 20 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 476.

–2 “ and vicinity to Oct 28 Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 54.

— 5 Cheniere Caminada Aug Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 477.

— 3 Cinclare July 16 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 477.

— 4 Corinne July 20 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 477.

— 51 Cote Blanche Aug 18 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 477.

— 1 Covington Sep 23 Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 477.

— 1 Crescent Farm, 119 cases, Aug 31-Oct 10. Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…1906, p. 56.

— 6 Delta Aug 27 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 478.

— 3 Diamond plantation and vic., ~18 cases, Aug 14-18. An. Rpt…Surgeon-Gen…1906, p. 55.

— 2 Donaldsonville (27 cases) Aug 28-Oct 18. Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…1906, p. 53.

— 2 Ellendale Aug 30 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 478.

— 5 Elizabeth (13 cases) Aug 21-Sep 13. Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 54.

— 1 Everette Sep 10 Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 478.

— 1 Florenville Sep 3-11 Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 56.

— 1 Glenwild Plantation Sep 15 Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 479.

— 8 Grand Isle Sep 4 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 479.

— 7 Grand Lake July 25 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 479.

— 2 Gretna Sep 22 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 479.

— 5 Grosse Tete Sep 2 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 479.

— 7 Hanson City, 98 cases. Aug 18-Oct 15 Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 54.

— 33 Kenner Aug 18 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 480.

— 5 Lafayette Crossing Aug 20 Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 480.

— 2 Lafourche Crossing, 16 cases, Aug 14-Oct 19. Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…1906, p55.

— 23 Lake Providence July 21 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 480.

— 18 LaPlace & vic., 163 cases, Aug 16-Nov 11. Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…1906, p. 55.

— 5 Larose Aug 29 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 480.

— 7 Leonville May 24 Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 480.

— 1 Mandeville Aug 19 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 481.

— 1 Milliken’s Bend, 27 cases. Sep 14-Oct 26. Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…1906, p. 55.

— 3 Moise Settlement, 46 cases, Aug 31-Oct 24. Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…1906, p. 56.

— 2 Natchitoches Sep 19-20 Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 55.

— 1 New Iberia (13 cases) Oct 12-15 Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 54.

–455 New Orleans (3385 cases) July 21-Nov 1. Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1905, 11.

— 452 Orleans Parish (3,402 cases) Carrigan. The Saffron Scourge. 1961, p. 264.

— 452 “ late may start[4] PBS, Great Fever [Population about 375,000[5]]

–>450 “ Duffy, in Carter. The Past as Prelude. 1968, 88.

— 437 “ N.O. Public Library. Yellow Fever. Deaths.[6]

— 20 “ By July 20 Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 494

— 1 Olivia Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 500.

— 52 Patterson July 31 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 501.[7]

— 5 Pecan Grove, 20 cases, Aug 18-Sep 10. Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 55.

— 6 Point Celeste, 28 cases.[8] July 30 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 502.

— 3 Port Barrow (52 cases) Aug 14-Oct 7. Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 53.

— 1 Prospect Plantation Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 502.

— 1 Rebecca Plantation, 12 cases,[9] Sep 10 Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 502.

— 2 Reserve Plantation Aug 14 Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 502.

— 10 Riverside Plantation July 23 Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 502.[10]

— 1 Rosedale (3 cases) Sep 5-27[11] Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 502.

— 2 Sarpy (13 cases) Aug 19-Sep 23. Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 55.

— 1 Shelburn (15 cases) Sep 15-Oct 26.[12] Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 502.

— 1 Shreveport Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 503.

— 2 Shrewsbury[13] Aug 15 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 503.

— 1 Smoke Bend Aug 28 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 503.

— 1 Southdown Oct 19 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 503.

— 1 St. Bernard, 12 cases Aug 21-Sep 18. Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 55.

— 8 St. Elizabeth July 13 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 503.

— 6 St. Rose & vic., 61 cases, Aug 22-Seep 29. Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…1906, p. 55.

— 18 Tallulah & vic., 317 cases, Aug 14-Oct 28. Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…1906, p. 55.

— 1 Terre aux Boeufs, 7 cases, Aug 31-Sep 14. Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…1906, p. 55.

— 1 Terre Haute (1 case) Sep 9 Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 55.

— 1 Thibodaux (1 case) Oct 4-6 Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 55.

— 2 Waggaman & vicinity. To Aug 20 Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 54.

— 2 Westwego July 25 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 505.

— 1 Willswood (30 cases) Aug 23-Oct 9 Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 54.

— 1 Woodland plantation, 15 cases, Sep 8-Oct 19. Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…1906, p 55.

— 2 Woodlawn July 30 start Augustin. History of Yellow Fever, 1909, 505.

— 63 Other[14] Augustin. Hist…Yellow Fever, 1909, 475, 478-504.

Mississippi ( 57)

–57 State Blanchard tally from locality breakouts below.

— 2 Gulfport 120 cases Aug 15-Oct 28. Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 57.

— 8 Hamburg 50 cases Sep 15-Oct 26. Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 57.

— 7 Natchez & vic., 143 cases, to Nov 13 Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 57.

— 2 Port Gibson, 63 cases Sep 27-Oct 24. Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 57.

— 7 Rosetta 32 cases to Oct 17 Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 57.

— 1 Roxie vic., 16 cases to Oct 26 Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 57.

— 2 Ship Island, Gulf Quarantine Station, June 3-6. Annual Rpt…Surg-General…[FY] 1905, 41.

–28 Vicksburg & vic., 185 cases, Aug 30-Nov 29. Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…1906, p. 57.

New York ( 1)

–1 New York Quarantine Station, June 7. Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1905, 41.

Narrative Information

PBS: “In 1905 the final yellow fever epidemic in the United States took place in New Orleans, the city that had seen some of the nation’s worst outbreaks. Though the danger of mosquitoes transmitting the disease had been established in 1900, five years later the city was still unprepared.

“At the time, New Orleans continued to operate a quarantine system, fumigating ships and sanitizing clothing and bedding on board. In the spring, a smuggler’s ship loaded with bananas avoided the quarantine. In June cases of yellow fever began appearing near the Mississippi River in an Italian immigrant community, many of whom unloaded banana boats from Central America. The city declared an emergency on June 22, after 100 people had contracted the disease, including 20 who died.

“Despite the conclusions of the U.S. Army Yellow Fever Board in 1900, many people in New Orleans still did not take the threat of mosquitoes seriously. Residents got their water from wooden cisterns, a breeding ground for the insects. Dr. Quitman Kohnke, the head of the New Orleans health board, beseeched the city to address the mosquito issue. “Even if you are not positive that the mosquito is the only source of the transmission of yellow fever,” he told physicians, “give your city the benefit of the doubt in this important and vital matter.” After the outbreak began, New Orleans finally mobilized.

“On August 4, local officials asked for federal assistance, and President Theodore Roosevelt assigned Walter Wyman, the surgeon general of the U.S. Public Health and Marine Hospital Service, to the public health campaign. Workers employed the techniques that had recently proved successful in Havana, another frequent location of yellow fever. They fumigated the city, screened cisterns and destroyed breeding grounds for mosquitoes. Fines were instituted against residents who failed to comply with public health measures. After Archbishop Placide Louis Chapelle died from yellow fever, holy water in St. Louis Cathedral was found with mosquito larvae. The priests emptied the containers. Still, the epidemic was not immediately stopped….

“October would mark the end of the epidemic, with 452 deaths recorded in New Orleans.” (PBS, The Great Fever, 2006)

Sources

Augustin, George. History of Yellow Fever. New Orleans: Published for the Author by Search & Pfaff Ltd., 1909; General Books reprint, Memphis, TN, 2010. 1909 copy digitized at: http://archive.org/stream/historyofyellowf00auguuoft#page/n4/mode/1up

Carrigan, Jo Ann. The Saffron Scourge: A History of Yellow Fever in Louisiana, 1796-1905 (Doctoral Dissertation). Louisiana State University, LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses, 1961. Accessed 3-11-2018 at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1665&context=gradschool_disstheses

Duffy, John. “Pestilence in New Orleans,” in Carter, Hodding (ed.). The Past as Prelude: New Orleans 1718-1968. Tulane University, 1968, 1996, 2008. Google preview accessed 5-17-2018 at: http://books.google.com/books?id=aSzI-rgZbwYC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

New Orleans Public Library, Louisiana Division. Yellow Fever Deaths in New Orleans, 1817-1905. Accessed 3-7-2010 at: http://nutrias.org/facts/feverdeaths.htm

PBS. American Experience. The Great Fever. “Timeline of Yellow Fever in America.” September 29, 2006. Accessed at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/fever/filmmore/index.html

United States Surgeon-General, Treasury Department. Annual Report of the Supervising Surgeon-General of the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the United States for the Fiscal Year 1905. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1906. Google preview accessed 5-17-2018 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=mKkqAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

United States Surgeon-General, Treasury Department. Annual Report of the Supervising Surgeon-General of the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the United States for the Fiscal Year 1906. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1907. Google preview accessed 5-17-2018 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=7PsLYwyD94sC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

[1] Cites the Louisiana State Board of Health.

[2] Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 55.

[3] Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 55 notes 2 cases and one death between Aug 14 and Sep 3.

[4] Carrigan. The Saffron Scourge. 1961, p. 232.

[5] Carrigan. The Saffron Scourge. 1961, p. 231.

[6] Cites Biennial Report of the Board of Health of the City of New Orleans, 1904-1905.

[7] Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 56 shows 20 deaths out of 530 cases.

[8] Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 55. Surgeon General report, though, shows Aug 14-Sep 23.

[9] Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 56.

[10] Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 56 shows 8 deaths out of 181 cases, Aug 14-Sep 15.

[11] Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 54.

[12] Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 54.

[13] Annual Rpt…Surgeon-General…[FY] 1906, p. 54 — notes 3 deaths from Aug 19-Sep 6.

[14] Highlighted in yellow to denote we do not include in our tally in that we show additional detail from the Surgeon-General Annual Reports not shown in Augustin.

1905 — May 21-Nov, Yellow Fever, esp. LA (esp. New Orleans 455), Pensacola, MS –1,131