1929 — Oct 22, RR car carrier Milwaukee sinks, Lake MI storm, ~7m NE Milwaukee WI-52

–52-59 Manitowoc Herald-News, WI. “Order Probe of Ferry Loss.” 10-25-1929, p. 1, col. 8.
— 57 Carbondale Free Press, IL. “Chronology of the Year 1929 Compiled…E. W. Pickard.” 12-28-1929, 5.
–50-57 Escanaba Daily Press, MI. “Car Ferry Milwaukee Sinks…All Crew…” 10-25-1929, p1.
— 55 South Haven Daily Tribune, MI. “Missing Car Ferry.” 10-28-1929, p. 1.
— 54 Escanaba Daily Press, MI. “Car Ferry Milwaukee Sinks…All Crew…” 10-25-1929, p1.
— 52 Blanchard listing of fatalities as noted in sources cited herein.
— 52 Escanaba Daily Press, MI. “Car Ferry Milwaukee Sinks…All Crew…” 10-25-1929, p1.
— 52 Ewing. Directory, Historical Topics, Northwest Ottawa County. 1999.
— 52 Great Lakes & Seaway Shipping News Archive. “October 22.” Report News, Oct 2006.
— 52 Ironwood Daily Globe, MI. “Find Ferry Wreckage; Crew of 52 Missing,” 10-24-1929, 1.
— 52 Nash, Jay Robert. Darkest Hours. 1977, p. 699.
— 52 Midwest Scuba Diving. “Milwaukee Area Wrecks.”
— 52 Ratigan, William. Great Lakes Shipwrecks & Survivals (Revised). 1969, p. 42.
— 52 Shelak, Benjamin J. Shipwrecks of Lake Michigan. 2003, p. 71.
— 52 Swayze, David D. “Great Lakes Shipwrecks Beginning with the letter M.”
— 52 Swayze. Shipwreck!…Directory of…Shipwrecks on the Great Lakes. 1992, p. 154.
— 52 Thompson. Graveyard of the Lakes. 2004, p. 26.
— 52 US Congress, House. Hearings. “Safety of Life and Property at Sea.” 1935, p. 251.
— 50 Bluefield Daily Telegraph, WV. “Log of Milwaukee is Found by Guardsmen.” 11-25-1929, 14.
— 50 Catholic Telegraph, Cincinnati. “Lake Boat Crew of Fifty Drowned, 26…Catholics.” 11-14-1929, p10.
— 50 Escanaba Daily Press, MI. “Storm Highlights.” 10-24-1929, p. 1.
— >50 Wisconsin State Journal, Madison. “Lake Gives Up Shipwreck Victims.” 10-25-1929, 1.
— 48 La Crosse Tribune and Leader-Press. “The Week.” 10-27-1929, p. 6.
— ~48 Racine Journal News, WI. “Nine Bodies from ‘Milwaukee.’” 10-26-1929, pp. 1 and 7.*
— 47 US Steamboat Inspection Ser. Annual report…Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1930, p. 3.
— 46 Berman, Bruce D. Encyclopedia of American Shipwrecks. 1972, p. 255.
— 46 News-Palladium, Benton Harbor, MI. “Carferry-Owners Disclaim Blame.” 11-30-1929, 13.
— 46 Wisconsin Historical Society. Wisconsin Shipwrecks. “Milwaukee (1903).”
— 38 La Crosse Tribune, WI. “Inquiry Seeks to Fix Blame for Ship Loss.” 10-30-1929, p. 1.
— 38 News-Palladium, Benton Harbor, MI. “Seek Causes of Wisconsin Loss….” 10-30-1929.

* The approximately 48 number is from Capt. Charles E. McLaren, manager of the Grand Trunk Milwaukee Carferries, given out after checking with Seamen’s Union officials.

Narrative Information

Ewing: “Built in 1903 at Cleveland, Ohio, the Milwaukee, Car Ferry #9334, had gross tons of 2,933 and net tons of 1,755. She was 338’ long and 56’ wide, and had a depth of 19.5’. The ship boasted 3,000 horsepower. She was lost between Milwaukee and Grand Haven, during a terrible storm, on October 22, 1929, carrying 27 fully-loaded railway cars. All 52 officers and crew were lost, nine of them from the Grand Haven area. There were no passengers aboard. The Captain, Robert McKay, realizing the intensity of the storm, tried to turn the boat around and return to Milwaukee, but was unsuccessful. The ship fought the storm for about five hours before sinking. The vessel had no radio and could not send out a distress signal, but the ship’s purser, Richard Sadon of Grand Haven, managed to put a message in a cylinder that a Coast Guard surfman found five days later near South Haven: “SS Milwaukee October 22 8:30. The ship is taking water fast. Have turned around and headed for Milwaukee. Pumps are working but sea gate is bent and can’t keep water out. Flicker is flooded. Seas tremendous. Things look bad. Crew roll is about the same as last payday.” It’s possible the freight cars broke through the seagate during the gale, allowing lake water to wash aboard. [Tribune article, “Ship’s Log,” by Jerry Walter, October 26, 1998 and David D. Swayze’s web page, “The Great Lakes Shipwreck File.”]” (Ewing. Directory, Historical Topics, Northwest Ottawa County. 1999.)

Great Lakes & Seaway Shipping: “October 22, 1929 – The steamer Milwaukee…sank in a gale with a loss of all 52 hands. 21 bodies were recovered. Captain Robert Mc Kay was in command. On October 27, 1929, a Coast Guard patrolman near South Haven, Michigan, picked up the ship’s message case, containing the following handwritten note: “S.S. Milwaukee, October 22/29 8:30 p.m. The ship is taking water fast. We have turned around and headed for Milwaukee. Pumps are working but sea gate is bent in and can’t keep the water out. Flicker is flooded. Seas are tremendous. Things look bad. Crew roll is about the same as on last payday. (signed) A. R. Sadon, Purser.”” (Great Lakes & Seaway Shipping News Archive. “Today in Great Lakes History – October 22.”Report News, October 2006.)

Midwest Scuba Diving: “The S.S. Milwaukee was originally the Manistique, Marquette, and Northerner No. 1. The Milwaukee was built in Cleveland, Ohio. She was a steel steamer, railroad car ferry, 338-feet long, 56-foot beam, 19-foot draft. The Milwaukee sunk 3½ miles NE of North Point off Milwaukee Wisconsin. She sunk in 125-feet of water. October 22,1929 the Milwaukee foundered in a storm. It is believed that the railroad cars shifted and damaged the sea gates causing the ship to sink rapidly. All 52 men onboard lost their lives.” (Midwest Scuba Diving. “Milwaukee Area Wrecks.”)

Swayze: “Other names: built as MANISTIQUE, MARQUETTE & NORTHERN No. 1, renamed in 1909
Official no. : 93363
Type at loss : propeller, steel, carferry, 30 car
Build info : 1903, American Shipbuilding, Cleveland hull# 413
Specs : 338x56x19, 2933g 1755n
Date of loss : 1929, Oct 22
Place of loss : on a line between Milwaukee and Grand Haven
Lake : Michigan
Type of loss : storm
Loss of life : 52 [all]
Carrying : 27 loaded railcars

“Detail: Sailed off into a storm, bound Milwaukee for Grand Haven, and was lost. Theory is that rail cars came loose in gale and crashed through her seagate, allowing water to come in over the stern and sink her. Her skipper apparently turned back for Milwaukee, but never made it. Some of her lifeboats were launched by her crew, and two of their bodies were picked up two days later by the steamer Steel Chemist. Another lifeboat containing bodies washed up near Holland, MI.. It was routine for her to challenge the storm, she was built for it. Master: Capt. John McKay(d). Owner: Grand Trunk Railway. Wreck was located in 1972….” (Swayze. “Great Lakes Shipwrecks M” website.)

Thompson: “If the Milwaukee had been part of the Ann Arbor Railroad’s fleet of car ferries, her crew might have been able to summon assistance before their ship disappeared beneath the waters of Lake Michigan. In 1906 the Ann Arbor Railroad had equipped their ferries with radiotelegraph sets. From 1903 on, government agencies like the U.S. Life-Saving Service and Steamboat Inspection Service had been urging shipping companies to install radios on their vessels so they could call for help if they were threatened with sinking. On the lakes, however, most captains and shipping executives were opposed to equipping their ships with radios. Captains feared that radios would allow office personnel to interfere in the daily operations of their ships. Company officials felt radios unnecessary on the Great Lakes and didn’t want to incur the expenses of equipping their ships and hiring radio operators. The attitude of many within the Great Lakes shipping industry was made clear in 1907 in a statement by Harry Coulby, president of the giant Pittsburgh Steamship Company: ‘The boats of the Pittsburgh Steamship Company are not and never will be equipped with wireless,’ Coulby told the Cleveland Plain Dealer.” (Thompson 2006, pp. 26-27.)

U.S. Steamboat Inspection Service: “The car ferry steamer Milwaukee, of 2,933 gross tons, left the port of Milwaukee October 22, 1929, bound for Grand Haven, Mich., and has never been heard from since. Wreckage and bodies of members of the crew proved conclusively that this steamer foundered, but actual cause is not known as there are no survivors. Forty-seven lives were lost. Estimated value of vessel, $720,000.” (US Steamboat Inspect. Ser. Annual report…for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1930, p. 15.)

Newspaper

Oct 23: Grand Haven, Mich., Oct. 23 – Although she was 13 hours overdue at noon today officials of the Grand Trunk railway felt no apprehension for the safety of the car-ferry, Milwaukee, unreported since she left the west shore of Lake Michigan for this port at 2:30 o’clock Tuesday afternoon. Company officials explained that often the Carferries were as many as 20 hours late in the crossing and said that often when they ran into a storm as they left Milwaukee they headed north and took shelter behind the breakwater off Milwaukee, where they might remain for hours unreported. The Milwaukee normally carried a crew of 30 to 35 men.” (Manitowoc Herald News, WI. “Big Ferry Overdue.” 10-23-1929, p. 1, col. 6.)

Oct 24: “Milwaukee, Wis., Oct. 24—(AP)– Capt. H, C. Hubbard of the U.S. lighthouse service here reported this afternoon that a wireless message picked up here said several bodies with life preservers bearing the name “C. F. Milwaukee” and the pilot house of the ferry had been picked up by a boat 16 miles off Kenosha.

“A watch found on one of the bodies had stopped at 9:35, indicating that the Milwaukee with 52 men aboard went down about that time Tuesday night, about seven hours after she left here in the face of a pre-season gale for Grand Haven, Mich.

“Milwaukee, Wis., Oct. 24 — (AP) — Hope that the car ferry, Milwaukee, of the Grand Trunk fleet, with 52 aboard, had weathered the 48 hour storm on Lake Michigan, faded today with a report that wreckage from a boat had been picked up 10 miles off Wind Point, which is about four miles north of Racine;.

“Capt. Hay Hayward, Detroit, master of the steamer, Colonel, told Grand Trunk officials here that he sighted empty life boats, mattresses and the upper parts of a white cabin floating in the lake off Wind Point. The upper part of the Milwaukee was painted white.

“Some of the wreckage was picked up by the Colonel, but none of it carried any markings to make identification certain, Captain Hayward said.

“…The Milwaukee steamed out of the Kinnickinnic river here into the lake at 2:30 p, m,, Tuesday enroute to Grand Haven, Mich. Since that time no definite word has come to officials of the Grand Trunk, here or at Grand Haven. Not until today did Grand Trunk officials here admit they were apprehensive regarding the fate the Milwaukee. The ship was commanded by Captain Robert McKay, of Grand Haven, Mich., a veteran skipper of the Grand Trunk fleet operating dally between Grand Haven and Milwaukee.

“Captain Hayward told Captain Charles E. McLaren, marine superintendent here that in his opinion the wreckage was from the Milwaukee without doubt. Captain McLaren appealed to the Kohler Aircraft corporation to have one of their planes fly over the wreckage to see if the pilots could make out anything that would definitely establish that it was from the Milwaukee. Racine coast guardsmen have been sent to the scene.

On Board Ferry

“A partial list of those aboard the Milwaukee follows: [We break paragraph into separate lines, list alphabetically by last name, add home state, number the entries and add names from other sources. ]

1. [Barnes, Carl Second porter Fairfox, AL. ]
2. Baxter, William H. First mate Grand Haven [MI]
3. [Berg, Ole Cabin watchman ? ]
[Berkovich, S. Second porter ?]
4. [Bidstrup, Gus Deckhand ? ]
5. [Bugaleski, E. Deckhand ? ]
6. [Dahlke, Raymond Deck hand Manistee body found in lifeboat] [MI]
7. Dickey, Ray Chief engineer Manistee [MI]
8. [Donnigan, P. Fireman ? ]
[Elsaesser, Otto Cabin watchman ?]
9. Fox, Sam Porter Milwaukee [WI] [or Grand Haven, MI. ]
[Gannon, T. Water-tender ?]
10. Gibbons, Harry Fireman Bay City [MI]
11. [Gilbert, Art First waiter Onekama [MI] (body recovered)
12. Girard, Ray Watchman Milwaukee [WI]
[Gororski, J. Fireman ?]
13. [Mike Hanretty Fireman Buffalo [NY]
14. [Hessenger, C. Coal passer Milwaukee [WI]
15. Hunt, Albert Fireman Milwaukee [Body recovered] [WI]
16. Iverson, Martin Wheelsman Milwaukee [or Grand Haven, MI ] [WI]
17. [Jackson, Ossie E. Lookout Grand Haven [MI] (body recovered)
18. [Jarvey [or Jarvi ], S. Deckhand ?]
19. [Johnson, Clifford. Oiler? Sturgeon Bay WI
20. Johnson, John Fireman Milwaukee [WI]
[Johnston, C. Oiler ?]
21. [Kiss, Tony Wheelsman Milwaukee (body found in lifeboat). [WI]
22. [Krouse, E. Oiler Manistee, MI. Body recovered Nov 11. ]
[Laskey, W. Water-tender ?]
23. [Lawrence, Christ Coal passer Chicago [IL] (body recovered) ]
24. Leahy, William Chef [or fireman ] Chicago [IL] [or Milwaukee ]
[Lyons, J. Coal passer ?]
Malm, Helmar Second mate Milwaukee [WI]
25. Malusky, Anthony, 21. Waiter Ludington (body recovered) [WI]
26. Manta (or Manthey), John. Fireman Milwaukee [WI]
27. Martin, Kenney Second asst. engineer Grand Haven [MI]
28. McCarthy, Charles Fireman Milwaukee [WI]
29. McKay, Robert Captain Grand Haven [MI] (body recovered)
30. [McNello, P. Coal passer Grand Haven, MI (father of Thomas).]
[McNello, Thomas. Oiler ?] [Stayed home to be confirmed (church)]
31. Moran, Arnold Wheelsman Milwaukee; body found in lifeboat] [WI]
[Moss, Harry. Water-tender ?]
32. [Murphy, J. Watchman ?]
33. [Nelson, E. Watchman Milwaukee [WI]
34. [Nicklass, J. Water-tender ?]
35. [O’Brien, J. Lookout Ann Arbor. Body found in lifeboat] [MI]
36. O’Leary, Joseph Third porter Chicago [IL] [or Milwaukee, WI ]
37. O’Neil, William Fireman Milwaukee [WI]
[O’Shea Fireman ?]
38. Owens, Harry E, 38 First asst. engineer. Grand Haven [MI]
39. Pett, James T. Third officer Grand Haven [MI]
40. [Powell, W. Coal passer ?]
41. [Roddy, J. Coal passer ?]
42. Roberts, Thomas Fireman New Castle [PA]
43. [Ross, J. Second waiter Milwaukee WI]
44. Rotta, Will Thomas. Steward Milwaukee [body recovered Nov 11] [WI]
45. Sadon, Alvin Purser Grand Haven [MI]body recovered
46. [Scholock, Joe Deckhand Milwaukee (body recovered) ] [WI]
47. Smith, Charles J. Lookout Milwaukee [body recovered Nov 11 ] [WI]
48. Stroust, Stanley Second cook Stevens Point [WI]
49. Time (or Tieme), John. Fireman Superior [WI]
50. [Tyron (or Tyran) Zeke. Oiler Manistee MI (body recovered)]
51. [Walter, Frank Watchman Milwaukee (body recovered) [WI] ]
52. [Widing, Axel Watchman Manistee [MI] (body recovered)]
[Yran, Z. Coal passer ?] (We think this a reference to Zeke Tyron)

“Marine men here interpreted the location of the wreckage to mean that the Milwaukee foundered not long after she left here Tuesday. She probably got no further out in the lake than 25 miles on her trip to Grand Haven when the 27 freight cars aboard were torn loose from their moorings, they said. Weight of the shifting loaded railroad cars probably centered on one side of the boat, tipping her as she was caught in the trough of the waves, marine men said,

“Once on her beams end, it is believed she went down like a shot with water pouring into the open stern loading to the car deck.

“The Milwaukee weighed 2,933 tons and was built in Cleveland in 1903.

“Captain William Kincaide of the Milwaukee coast guard returned here shortly before noon today after spending the night on the lake with a crew of five in a powerboat, searching for the Milwaukee….” (Ironwood Daily Globe, MI. “Find Ferry Wreckage; Crew of 52 Missing,” 10-24-1929, p. 1.)

Oct 26, Benton Harbor, MI: “Bulletin. The bodies of the four sailors from the car ferry Milwaukee, found in an open boat 40 miles from here by St. Joseph Coast Guardsmen Friday night were identified late today. They were:

J. O’Brien, lookout.
Raymond Dahlke, deckhand.
Arnold Moran, wheelsman.
Tony Kiss, wheelsman.

“Identification was made by Joseph Merica, who quit as fireman aboard the Milwaukee last Sunday night. He came to St. Joseph with Fred Jackson, whose father, O. E. Jackson, was one of the lost crew….

“St. Joseph Coast Guardsmen, hunting for traces of the Milwaukee found the car ferry victims drifting in a half-submerged life boat of the Milwaukee….All died of exposure.” (News Palladium, Benton Harbor, MI. “Local Coast Guards Find Four Wreck Dead.” 10-26-1929, p. 1.)

Oct 26: “Milwaukee, Oct. 26. – (AP) – A coast guard crew was detailed today to continue search for bodies from the ill-fated carferry Milwaukee…with its crew of approximately 48….

“The cause of the disaster remains a mystery. Capt. Charles E. McLaren, manager of the Grand Trunk Milwaukee Carferries, said he was ‘frankly puzzled’ as to what made the ship sink. He advanced two theories – that the cargo suddenly shifted or that the shaft broke, which would still the propellor and render the craft helpless. He said the engines were in perfect shape and the ship had been overhauled this spring….

“A final check today by McLaren indicated approximately 48 men went down with the ship. The figure could not be held as accurate, McLaren stated, but a check with Seamen’s union officials showed it probably correct….” (Racine Journal News, WI. “Nine Bodies from ‘Milwaukee.’” 10-26-1929, p. 1.)

Oct 28 editorial: “Was it necessary for the 27-year old car ferry Milwaukee to leave port Tuesday, the day of the severe storm, one of the worst in the history of lake navigation? Could the 27 freight cars she carried have waited 24 or 36 hours to be transported to Grand Haven? The answers to both questions are obvious. It was not necessary to send her out and the cars could have waited. Some error of judgment is responsible for the fatal order or rule that doomed 52 men to unnecessary death, and sent the ferry and its 27 freight cars to the bottom of Lake Michigan instead of their destination. Who was the official who made the decision and issued the order to the Milwaukee to defy the storm? If she sailed merely under rule, what official or authority is responsible for the rule? These facts ought to be easy to ascertain and they ought to be known.

“It seems to us there is personal and criminal responsibility somewhere, It may be direct or it may be indirect. If indirect, it establishes the need of authority that must squarely meet the question of dispatching or holding vessels in such emergencies, and be held accountable for the consequences. Every fall vessel owners and railroads operating car ferries gamble with death in the heavy storms of that period. Every year there are losses of ships and men. Something should be done to curb navigation at this season in the interest of greater safety. The loss of the Milwaukee calls for federal investigation, action against those to blame and the adoption of preventive measures that will be more effective than those now in force.” (Appleton Post Crescent, WI. “Great Lakes Tragedy.” 10-28-1929, p. 6.)

Oct 28: “Milwaukee – (AP) – ‘Might make it, might not.’ Was the cryptic phrase in a message found in Lake Michigan yesterday and which portends to indicate the anxious moments of the crew aboard the car ferry Milwaukee just before it went to a watery grave during a storm last Tuesday night.

“The message was found near Holland, Mich., encased in an official tube in which ship’s officers are required to place messages when confronted with disaster. The message, believed to have been penned by A. A. Sidon, purser, read:

Making water fast in slicker. Pumps working good. Have turned back to Milwaukee. Might make it, might not. All crew same as on last pay roll.

“The message was written on stationary of the Grand Trunk line, operators of the ferry, and bore the date Oct. 22, 6:30 p.m. ….” (Appleton Post Crescent, WI. “Notes From Ferry Tell About Losing Battle With Storm.” 10-28-1929, p. 2.)

Nov 30: “Milwaukee, Nov. 30. – The Grand Trunk Milwaukee Car Ferry company Friday [29th] filed petition in federal court asking that it be freed of liability resulting from the sinking of the car ferry Milwaukee in Lake Michigan October 22. Forty-six men went down with the boat, which was plying between here and Grand Haven, Mich. The petition said the disaster ‘was due to the perils of the sea and was an inevitable accident.’” (News-Palladium, Benton Harbor, MI. “Carferry-Owners Disclaim Blame.” 11-30-1929, p. 13.)

Sources

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