1945 — Nov 29-30, Nor’easter, New Jersey (5), NY (17), MA (5), NH (2), RI (4) –33-35
Last edit Nov 25, 2023 by Wayne Blanchard for upload to: http://www.usdeadlyevents.com/
–33-35 Blanchard estimate:
We searched through dozens of papers from the effected states during the time frame of Nov 29 to Dec 2. The result was the finding of 33 specific deaths. One paper in the region (Troy Times Record of Dec 1, 1945, noted 35 deaths. Perhaps there were and our search was inadequate in locating these two additional deaths. The AP of Dec 1 in the Canandaigua Daily Messenger notes about 45 deaths but we discount this reporting in that it is far off the reporting we have been able to substantiate. We show, but do not include, the death-tolls noted in out-of-region papers, namely Hammond Times in IN and the Port Arthur News in TX.
Thus we choose to rely on a death toll range of 33-35, with 33 representing the numbers recording in our breakout of fatalities by State, and 35 the death toll reported by the Troy Times Record of Dec. 1, 1945.
— ~45 AP. “Storm Goes To Sea.” The Daily Messenger, Canandaigua, NY, 12-1-1945, p1.
–30-38 Hammond Times, IN. Storm in East Leaves 30 Dead.” 12-2-1945, p. 2.[1]
— 38 Port Arthur News, TX. “Storm Toll in East up to 38.” 12-1-1945, p. 1.
— 35 Times Record, Troy, NY. “35 Lives Lost in Eastern Storm.” 12-1-1945, p. 1.
— 33 Blanchard tally based on State breakouts below.
— 33 Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune WI. “Chronology of the Year 1945.” 12-31-1945, p. 8.
— 22 Fitchburg Sentinel, MA. “City Readies for More Snow…Storm Toll…22.” 12-1-1945, 1
— 21 Lima News, OH. “Storm Moves Out Over Ocean.” 12-2-1945, p. 1.
Summary of Nor’easter related deaths from State breakouts below
Massachusetts ( 5)
New Hampshire ( 2)
New Jersey ( 5)
New York (17)
Rhode Island ( 4)
Total 33
Massachusetts ( 5)
–1 Bedford, Emily H. Newport Mercury, RI. “CG Abandons Search…” 12-14-1945, 7.
–1 Franklin. Collapsed on road from exertion on way home from work; John Burke, 60.[2]
–1 Lawrence. Heart attack walking through heavy snow to reach patient; Dr. Francis A Cregg.[3]
–1 Somerville. Heart attack in the storm near home; Berton Snow, 71.[4]
–1 Somerville. Patrolman George W. Gibson, collapsed walking from home to work.[5]
New England (13)[6]
–13 Hammond Times, IN. “Storm in East Leaves 30 Dead.” 12-2-1945, p. 2.
–13 Port Arthur News, TX. “Storm Toll in East up to 38.” 12-1-1945, p. 1.
–11 Times Record, Troy, NY. “35 Lives Lost in Eastern Storm.” 12-1-1945, p. 1.
— 9 AP. “Storm Takes Toll of 9 Lives in New England.” Biddeford Daily Journal, ME. 11-30-1945, 1, 3.
New Hampshire ( 2)
— 2 New London. Snow sled goes into path of auto; Judith Sunn and Thomas J. Irbe.[7]
New Jersey ( 5)
— 5 State. Hammond Times, IN. “Storm in East Leaves 30 Dead.” 12-2-1945, p. 2
— 5 “ Port Arthur News, TX. “Storm Toll in East up to 38.” 12-1-1945, p. 1.
— 5 “ Times Record, Troy, NY. “35 Lives Lost in Eastern Storm.” 12-1-1945, p. 1.
— 3 “ Walla Walla Union-Bulletin, WA. “New England Storm…16 Deaths” 11-30-1945.
— 1 Jersey City. Railroad work killed when he was blown out of an open freight car.[8]
— 1 Lakewood. Chambermaid crushed to death when hotel chimney crashed through room.[9]
New York (17)
–17 State. Hammond Times, IN. “Storm in East Leaves 30 Dead.” 12-2-1945, p. 2.
–17 “ Port Arthur News, TX. “Storm Toll in East up to 38.” 12-1-1945, p. 1.
–17 “ Times Record, Troy, NY. “35 Lives Lost in Eastern Storm.” 12-1-1945, p. 1.
— 6 Motor vehicle accidents. AP. “Snow Storm…17 Lives in State.” Canandaigua Messenger, 12-30-45, 1.
–1 Binghamton Hosp. George Lockwood, 64 died of injuries; truck hit by train in snowstorm.[10]
–1 Leeds area, Catskill-Cairo hwy., car skids on snowy hwy., Mrs. Helen Topelt.[11]
–2 NYC. Pedestrians hit during 50mph gale; Patrick Rafferty, 63, unidentified woman ~55.[12]
–2 Oneonta. Car skidded on snow into truck; Wesley G. Faver, 18 and J. Gordon Skoglund, 18.[13]
–11 Overexertion in the snow.[14]
–2 Buffalo
–1 Buffalo. Collapsed after shovel snow; Oliver E. Benson, 62.[15]
–2 New York City
–6 Rochester.
–1 Waterloo.
Rhode Island ( 4)
–1 Arctic. Injuries from being struck by auto during the storm; Philippe A. Pinard, 50.[16]
–1 Cranston. Heart attack outside home in the snow; Guy Huntley, 54.[17]
–1 Newport, Tara lost. Newport Mercury…Weekly News, RI. “CG Abandons…” 12-14-‘45, 7.
–1 North Providence. Charles Foster, 43, died at home after walking through the gale.[18]
Narrative Information
SikorskyArchives.com: “It was half a century ago, the last week of November, 1945, and the East Coast of the United States was besieged by a violent storm, of rain and snow and exceptionally high tides, all whipped into a frenzy by near hurricane force winds.
“In Lakewood, New Jersey, a chambermaid was crushed to death when a hotel chimney crashed through the room where she was sleeping. In Jersey City, a railroad worker was killed when he was blown out of an open freight car.
“In New York, all planes were grounded at LaGuardia field, many of them sitting like giant ducks in water that had washed in from Flushing Bay and made half the field a lake. In Boston, 7,000 soldiers returning from overseas duty in World War II cursed their fate because the four troopships that held them were rocking in the outer harbor, unable to dock because of the fierce winds.
“And near Fairfield, Connecticut, on a bleak and wind-tortured reef in Long Island Sound, something wonderful happened. Two men stranded on an oil barge and in peril of being washed overboard were lifted to safety by a hoist on a Sikorsky helicopter. On that day, Thursday, November 29, 1945, the helicopter entered a new and promising age.
“Helicopters had been used for military, and even civilian, lifesaving missions during the latter part of World War II. On January 3, 1944, a Sikorsky helicopter based in Brooklyn was used by the Coast Guard to fly plasma to injured crewmen of the USS Turner after the destroyer exploded off Sandy Hook, New Jersey. Later in the year, a helicopter landed on a sandbar in Jamaica Bay, New York, to rescue a teenager who had become marooned there, and, on the other side of the world, a helicopter was used in a combat rescue mission for the first time. An Army lieutenant rescued the pilot and three passengers of a light plane that had been forced down behind enemy lines in Burma.
“But in those cases the helicopter had landed to perform the missions. At Fairfield it did not land because it could not land. Waves were washing over the barge, making a landing impossible. And no boats could reach the reef because they would be hurled onto the rocks by the waves. An attempt by men on a small surf boat to get a breeches buoy to the men on the barge had also failed.
“The use of a hoist to lift the two men to safety was the concluding act of a high drama, played out before a somber group of people, including Sikorsky employees standing on a beach watching and hoping, and perhaps silently praying. They knew how high the stakes of failure might be.
“What could have been one more tragedy of the sea started the day before. In mid-afternoon, Texaco barge 397, with two men aboard, broke adrift from an oil tanker off Bridgeport Harbor and four hours later, in the dark, smashed onto Penfield Reef off the neighboring town of Fairfield.
“In good weather and at low tide the reef, which lies a mile offshore, is a pleasant vista of huge rocks known locally as ‘the cows’ because they look like the backs of a herd of grazing cows. At high tide, the cows disappear. And in bad weather, in any tide, the reef is a perilous place.
“During the night, the two men on the barge – Capt. Joseph Pawlik and crewman Steven Penninger – huddled in the cabin and wondered whether anyone had seen the flares they had set off. As dawn broke, the barge and the two men seemed doomed. Methodically, giant waves were stripping away the barge’s deck and superstructure.
“On Fairfield Beach, a group of townspeople who had seen the flares joined some policemen, peering at the macabre scene, as helpless to do anything as the men on the barge. Then someone had the thought: Sikorsky Aircraft was nearby, in Bridgeport. Maybe … ‘The police called us and said the barge was in a hell of a shape and asked if we could do anything,’ says Jimmy Viner today at age 87. “I said, ‘sure could’.”
“His real first name is Dmitry but he never liked that and quickly adopted the name Jimmy. Viner even in 1945 was a legend at Sikorsky Aircraft. He was the salty little guy who at age 15 had followed his uncle, Igor I. Sikorsky, to America, went to work as one of the first employees of Sikorsky Aero Engineering Corporation on Long Island, and eventually became the company’s chief test pilot. A test pilot in the infancy of aviation was a job that did not promise much longevity but Jimmy Viner did not look on it that way. He trusted himself. He trusted his uncle. ‘I never thought of crashing. If you thought it would go well, it did. You developed faith in the machine. If you don’t have that attitude, you should get out of the business.’ He also had faith in something else. “God was good to me.” When the call for help came, 36-year-old Jimmy Viner yelled for a friend, Capt. Jackson E. Beighle who was an Army Air Force representative at Sikorsky. They jumped in the first available helicopter, Jimmy at the controls, and within minutes were hovering over the crippled barge, where they saw one man come out of the cabin below and set off a red flare. They dropped a rope with a weight and a message. They wanted to know how bad it was down there. In a few minutes, they pulled up the message bag, with a return note. It was very bad. Eight tanks were leaking. The cabin was full of water. The two men were afraid the barge would break up.
“The two men in the helicopter now knew what they had to do. Back at the Sikorsky plant was an R-5 helicopter, a model that first flew two years earlier as an observation and rescue aircraft. The helicopter recently had been equipped with a hydraulic hoist for experimental purposes. The idea of pulling someone out of danger by a cable from a helicopter was a new concept. Only three months before, the Coast Guard held a public demonstration of the hoist at its helicopter facility at Floyd Bennett Field in the New York metropolitan area.
“But the concept had never been tested in an actual crisis. Now, unexpectedly, the hoist and the helicopter were going to be put to the ultimate test. If both didn’t function correctly, someone might die. But if the rescue wasn’t attempted, two men might die anyway. There really was no question.
“The first helicopter was quickly flown back to the plant and the R-5 with the hoist was readied for flight. ‘We had to get a rotor blade that had been taken off it and stored but we got it ready in a very short time,’ Jimmy Viner recalls. In a matter of minutes the R-5 was hovering over the barge, dropping a note that Capt. Beighle had scribbled, telling the men below to get into the harness that was going to be lowered. The harness was a simple device that looped under the arms. Each man would have to hold onto the cable over his head. Otherwise, he would drop out of the harness.
“It worked. The first man, Penninger, was lifted quickly out of the swirling waters on the barge. But there wasn’t enough room for him inside the helicopter’s two-seat cabin. He was transported to the beach half-inside and half-outside the cabin, hanging onto Beighle while Jimmy Viner fought the winds.
“The experience of the second man, Pawlik, the barge captain who had observed the tradition of the sea in being the last to leave his ship, was much more frightening. He was being lifted up when suddenly the hoist jammed. He was hanging 30 feet below the helicopter. And in that position, holding onto the cable for dear life, he was transported to shore in winds so fierce that the sand on the beach was blowing up in sheets.
“It was a sight cheered by the people on the beach and captured on film by a news photographer. The next day, newspapers all over the country and the world carried the picture of Pawlik hanging in the air, heading for safety.
“Perhaps it was the timing. World War II, the greatest bloodbath in the history of man, was over. A new age was dawning which had to be better, and here was American technology being used to help people. Perhaps it was because it was a story with a happy ending for a change. Perhaps it was because the picture of the rescue was so riveting.
“Perhaps for all of those reasons, no one could be unmoved and unaware that something important had happened, that people trapped in natural or man-made disasters did not necessarily have to die. In the 50 years since, it is estimated that more than a million lives have been saved in helicopter rescues, from sinking ships, earthquakes, highway accidents, from landslides, volcanic eruptions, fires in tall buildings and, of course, in military conflicts that unfortunately still occur with regularity….” (SikorskyArchives.com. “The First Helicopter Civilian Rescue November 29, 1945.”
Newspapers
Nov 30, AP: “Associated Press. Northeastern states were blanketed in snow varying in depth from three inches in New York city to 28 inches in Attica, N. Y. Friday and at least 16 deaths were caused by the storm, which brought winds of gale proportions in the Boston area. Snow flurries struck the Great Lake region and Chicago, Milwaukee and Minneapolis reported below freezing temperatures. Transportation and communication facilities in New England and upstate New York broke down under the weight of the storm. The coast guard reported at least three vessels in trouble. Two, a 37-foot cabin cruiser out of Newport, R. I., and a fishing boat out of New Bedford, Mass., were missing. The third, the freighter Fordham Victory, was aground on Spectacle island in Boston harbor.
“Snow, following furious rain and sleet, began falling Thursday [Nov 29] and by Friday morning Buffalo reported 12.4 inches: Albany, 6; Boston, 3; Hartford, Conn. 9; Rochester, N. Y., 11; and Newark, N. J., 3.
“The weather station atop 6,000-foot Mount Washington, N. H., reported wind velocities as high as 109 miles an hour. The northeast gale which struck Boston at 60 miles an hour caused thousands of dollars in damage by toppling trees, carrying down power and telephone lines, breaking plate glass windows and hurling sea water. Plows had to be used to clear tons of sand blown across Ocean boulevard at Hampton Beach, N. H., a 100-foot retaining wall in the Northern avenue dock area of Boston was smashed. Many small craft were washed ashore.
“Two storm deaths were reported in New England. A Lawrence, Mass., doctor died of a heart attack induced by exertion while walking through heavy snow. A Cranston, R. I., man collapsed and died in the snow outside his home. Eleven deaths were reported in New York. Five were from overexertion while shoveling snow and six from motor vehicle accidents.
“In New Jersey, where some coast towns were blocked out when winds of 75 miles an hour cut down power lines, three persons were killed.
“The New York Central railroad reported trains due in New York city from the west were running from 30 to 60 minutes behind schedule. Commercial plane operations at La Guardia field were almost at a standstill. Officials said 386 trip cancellations had been made in the past three days.
“Seven troopships were stranded in outer Boston harbor and port of embarkation authorities said none of the 7,500 soldiers aboard would be debarked until the inner harbor is opened.” (Walla Walla Union-Bulletin, WA. “New England Storm Cause of 16 Deaths.” 11-30-1945, 1.)
Dec 1, AP: “Boston, Dec. 1 (AP) – A two-day snow-spewing northeaster, which claimed 22 lives wrecked considerable shoreline property, smashed small craft, demoralized sea, land and air transportation, and buried some communities under a 15-inch blanket, diminished in New England today. The Boston weather bureau said that gales which ranged up to hurricane force during the height of the storm would subside in virtually all sections but that 60-mile an hour winds would continue to sweep the Cape Cod coastal area.
“Search continued for two small vessels, bearing 11 men, off the Massachusetts and Rhode Island coasts, and three missing hunters, a woman and two men, were sought in Maine….The missing vessels were the New Bedford dragger Emily H., carrying a crew of 10, which was last heard from east of Nantucket, Mass., and a 37-foot cabin cruiser, overdue at Newport, R.I. with its owner, Frank W. Pierson, aboard….” (Fitchburg Sentinel, MA. “City Readies for More Snow…N.E. Storm Toll Reaches 22.” 12-1-1945, p. 1.)
Dec 1, INS, Boston: “Boston, Dec. 1 – (INS) – New England’s worst November storm in 47 years passed out to sea today, and left a toll of 21 dead, 14 missing, and widespread destruction estimated in the millions of dollars. Except for a few scattered snow flurries, the weather returned to normal, the wind, which had reached a velocity of 72 miles an hour, subsided to 25 miles. However, a 50-mile wind swept the Cape Cod coast.
“Coast Guard cutters and tugs continued to search for the 65-foot fishing dragger Emily H, out of New Bedford, Mass., with a crew of ten aboard. Also sought was the 37-foot cabin cruiser Tarra, of Newport, R.I.
“At Augusta, Me., volunteers searched woods for three hunters missing since a driving blizzard struck that section.
“The raging northeaster wreaked havoc all along the New England coast from Maine to Rhode Island, with hundreds of families left homeless.” (Lima News, OH. “Storm Moves Out Over Ocean.” 12-2-1945, p. 1.)
Dec 1, INS, NY: “New York, Dec. 1 (INS) – Northeastern U. S shivered today in freezing temperatures us a two-day rain, snow and wind storm swept out to sea leaving in its wake 38 deaths, many injured and property damage aggregating millions.
“The storm took 17 lives in New York, 13 in New England and five in New Jersey, and Coast Guard vessels still sought 11 men missing from two fishing boats off New England.” (Hammond Times, IN. Storm in East Leaves 30 Dead.” 12-2-1945, p. 2.)
Dec 1, UP: “New York (UP) – Tail-end snow flurries flicked New England, New York, New Jersey and parts of Pennsylvania today in the wake of a storm which killed at least 35 persons.
“The two-day northeaster, which started with heavy winds and rain and then changed to snow, began to die last night after causing millions of dollars worth of damage.
“Twelve men were missing in ships out of Boston Harbor. Four other craft sank without loss of life, and transports were kept from docks because of the danger of debarking troops during the storm, one of the worst in New England in 25 years. Troops were to debark at Boston docks today after being kept aboard ships anchored in the harbor for as long as three days.
“Seventeen were dead in up-state New York, also hard hit by the storm. The death toll in New Jersey was set at five, and 11 were dead in New England.
“Snow yesterday ranged from 30 inches at Bangor, Me., to 2 inches in New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania. At LaGuardia Field all flights were cancelled until late yesterday.
“The weather bureau said brisk winds would sweep the storm section today while temperatures would hover around 35 degrees….” (Times Record, Troy, NY. “35 Lives Lost in Eastern Storm.” 12-1-1945, p. 1.)
Dec 14, Newport Mercury and Weekly News: “Coast Guard headquarters in Boston announced Monday [Nov 10] that it abandoned its search for Frank W. Pearson of 36 Simmons street, this city, missing since November 28 during a storm in his cabin cruiser Tara. Airplanes from Quonset, Salem. Mass., and Cape May, N.J. conducted an intensive search over the weekend without finding any trace. Mr. Pearson is now listed as “missing” on the Coast Guard records, the operations division at Boston headquarters notified the Daily News today. The result of all searches, air, sea and patrol for the fisherman was negative, it added. Mr. Pearson was last seen off Price’s Neck as a northeast storm of near hurricane proportions was in the making.
“In this same storm fishing boat Emily H. of New Bedford, with 10 men on board, was reported missing, but later found in a disabled condition by British steamer Wanderer. One man was killed and another injured on the Emily H.” (Newport Mercury and Weekly News, RI. “CG Abandons Search for Man Lost in Storm.” 12-14-1945, 7.)
Sources
Associated Press. “Snow Storm Takes 17 Lives in State.” The Daily Messenger, Canandaigua, NY. 12-1-1945, p.1. Accessed 11-25-2023 at:
https://newspaperarchive.com/canandaigua-daily-messenger-dec-01-1945-p-1/
Associated Press. “Storm Goes To Sea.” The Daily Messenger, Canandaigua, NY, 12-1-1945, p1. Accessed 11-25-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/canandaigua-daily-messenger-dec-01-1945-p-1/
Associated Press. “Storm Kills 8 in State; Hits Travel.” The Troy Record, NY, 11-30-1945, p. 1. Accessed 11-25-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/troy-record-nov-30-1945-p-1/
Associated Press. “Storm Takes Toll of 9 Lives in New England.” Biddeford Daily Journal, ME. 11-30-1945, pp. 1-3. Accessed 11-24-2023 at:
https://newspaperarchive.com/biddeford-daily-journal-nov-30-1945-p-1/
Associated Press. “Two Students Killed.” Fitchburg Sentinel, MA. 12-3-1945, p. 6. Accessed
11-24-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/fitchburg-sentinel-dec-03-1945-p-6/
Fitchburg Sentinel, MA. “City Readies for More Snow…N.E. Storm Toll Reaches 22.” 12-1-1945, p. 1. At: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=31893586
Hammond Times, IN. “Storm in East Leaves 30 Dead.” 12-2-1945, p. 2. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=36671245
Kingston Daily Freeman, NY. “Storm Closes Schools; Woman Killed at Leeds; 10 Die in State.” 11-30-1945, p.9. Accessed 11-25-2023 at:
https://newspaperarchive.com/kingston-daily-freeman-nov-30-1945-p-9/
Lima News, OH. “Storm Moves Out Over Ocean.” 12-2-1945, p. 1. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=18961551
Newport Mercury and Weekly News, RI. “CG Abandons Search for Man Lost in Storm.” 12-14-1945, 7. At: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=60258182
Port Arthur News, TX. “Storm Toll in East up to 38.” 12-1-1945, p. 1. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=43398976
SikorskyArchives.com. “The First Helicopter Civilian Rescue November 29, 1945.” Accessed 12-19-2011 at: http://www.sikorskyarchives.com/first.html
Times Record, Troy, NY. “35 Lives Lost in Eastern Storm.” 12-1-1945, p. 1. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=40316832
Walla Walla Union-Bulletin, WA. “New England Storm Cause of 16 Deaths.” 11-30-1945, 1. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=19272549
Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune WI. “Chronology of the Year 1945.” Dec 31, 1945, p. 8. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=10310073
[1] Title of article notes 30 deaths; text notes 38 deaths, while breakout of fatalities totals 35, with another 11 missing.
[2] Assoc. Press. “Storm Takes Toll of 9 Lives in New England.” Biddeford Daily Journal, ME. 11-30-1945, pp. 1-3.
[3] Assoc. Press. “Storm Takes Toll of 9 Lives in New England.” Biddeford Daily Journal, ME. 11-30-1945, pp. 1-3.
[4] Assoc. Press. “Storm Takes Toll of 9 Lives in New England.” Biddeford Daily Journal, ME. 11-30-1945, pp. 1-3.
[5] Assoc. Press. “Storm Takes Toll of 9 Lives in New England.” Biddeford Daily Journal, ME. 11-30-1945, pp. 1-3.
[6] We are not counting these unspecified New England fatalities – may well have been based on the missing Emily H. and fishing boat Tara.
[7] Associated Press. “Two Students Killed.” Fitchburg Sentinel, MA. 12-3-1945, p. 6.
[8] SikorskyArchives.com. “The First Helicopter Civilian Rescue November 29, 1945.”
[9] SikorskyArchives.com. “The First Helicopter Civilian Rescue November 29, 1945.”
[10] Associated Press. “Storm Kills 8 in State; Hits Travel.” The Troy Record, NY, 11-30-1945, p. 1.
[11] Kingston Daily Freeman, NY. “Storm Closes Schools; Woman Killed at Leeds; 10 Die in State.” 11-30-1945, p.9.
[12] Associated Press. “Storm Kills 8 in State; Hits Travel.” The Troy Record, NY, 11-30-1945, p. 1.
[13] Associated Press. “Storm Kills 8 in State; Hits Travel.” The Troy Record, NY, 11-30-1945, p. 1.
[14] Associated Press. “Snow Storm Takes 17 Lives in State. The Daily Messenger, Canandaigua, NY. 12-1-1945, p.1.
[15] Associated Press. “Storm Kills 8 in State; Hits Travel.” The Troy Record, NY, 11-30-1945, p. 1.
[16] Assoc. Press. “Storm Takes Toll of 9 Lives in New England.” Biddeford Daily Journal, ME. 11-30-1945, pp. 1-3.
[17] Assoc. Press. “Storm Takes Toll of 9 Lives in New England.” Biddeford Daily Journal, ME. 11-30-1945, pp. 1-3.
[18] Assoc. Press. “Storm Takes Toll of 9 Lives in New England.” Biddeford Daily Journal, ME. 11-30-1945, pp. 1-3.