115 ~3,300

lornajarrettblanchard January 1, 1952

–3,325 Blanchard tally using US PHS Vital Statistics all States but TX; use 313 instead of 240.*

–3,300 Bryant. Handbook of Death…Dying. 2003, p. 231.

–3,300 Infoplease.com. “Major U.S. Epidemics.” 2007.

–3,300 Rosenberg and Peck. “Megadeaths.”

–3,255 Acute Poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 47, p. 17.

–3,145 Acute poliomyelitis.

— 110 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis.

–3,145 Martin. “Traffic Deaths vs. Polio…” Monthly Bulletin (IN Health Board), V65, 1962.

–3,000 Haugen, Peter. Biology: Decade by Decade. 2007, p. 144.

–3,000 Tweton, D. J. “North Dakota and the Polio Killer Virus. North Dakota Studies. Oct 1965

Summary of State Breakout

Alabama 22 Montana 10 Wyoming 17

Arizona 29 Nebraska 115

Arkansas 36 Nevada 6

California 217 New Hampshire 10

Colorado 23 New Jersey 49

Connecticut 22 New Mexico 38

Delaware 7 New York 123

District of Columbia 3 North Carolina 24

Florida 46 North Dakota 15

Georgia 30 Ohio 176

Idaho 23 Oklahoma 49

Illinois 258 Oregon 21

Indiana 121 Pennsylvania 143

Iowa 163 Rhode Island 9

Kansas 71 South Carolina 16

Kentucky 132 South Dakota 49

Louisiana 32 Tennessee 30

Maine 20 Texas 240-313

Maryland 15 Utah 21

Massachusetts 25 Vermont 3

Michigan 218 Virginia 35

Minnesota 200 Washington 63

Mississippi 30 West Virginia 34

Missouri 80 Wisconsin 133

* We use Lubbock TX Morning Avalanche of 12-25-1952 for TX, which reports a polio death toll of 313 from Jan to Oct, two months short of a full year (US PHS shows 240). We take US PHS Vital Statistics to represent a minimum in that they could only report on death certificates specifically coded for “Acute poliomyelitis” or “late effects of poliomyelitis.” Then, as well as today, not all deaths are uniformly coded the same way nationwide. If there is a stigma attached to the cause of death, as there was in some places in 1952 for the very contagious polio, then there is another reason the death certificate could be worded or coded in such a way it would not be absolutely clear “acute poliomyelitis” was the cause of death.

Breakout of Fatalities by State (where noted below)

Alabama ( 22)

–18 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 96.

— 4 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 96.

Arizona ( 29)

–28 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 97.

— 1 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 97.

–6 Sonora. Tucson Daily Citizen. “Polio Deaths Result in Iron Lung for Sonora.” 12-31-1952.

Arkansas ( 36)

–33 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 97.

— 3 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 97.

–1 Monticello, Feb 17. Hope Star, Ark. “Polio Fatal.” 2-18-1952, p. 4.

California (217)

–212 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 97.

— 5 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 97.

–44 Los Angeles Co. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 378.

–13 Orange County Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 378.

–36 San Diego Co. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 378.

–16 San Francisco Co. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 378.

Colorado ( 23)

–22 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 97.

— 1 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 97.

–14 Denver County Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 378.

Connecticut ( 22)

–21 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 104.

— 1 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 104.

Delaware ( 7)

–7 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 104.

District of Col. ( 3)

–3 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 105.

Florida ( 46)

–41 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 105.

— 5 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 105.

–11 Dade County. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 380.

Georgia ( 30)

–27 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 105.

— 3 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 105.

–13 Bibb County. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 382.

Idaho ( 23)

–22 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 105.

— 1 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 105.

–21 State. Twin Falls Times News. “Polio Deaths Reach 21 for State Record.” 12-30-1952, 1.

–4 Minidoka Co. Twin Falls Times News. “Polio Deaths…State Record.” 12-30-1952, 1.

Illinois (258)

–253 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 112.

— 5 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 112.

–105 Cook County. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 388.

–82 Chicago Journal of the American Medical Association. 1957.

— 14 DuPage County. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 388.

— 11 Lake County. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 388.

Indiana ( 121)

–118 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 112.

— 3 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 112.

–118 State. Martin. “Traffic Deaths vs. Polio…” Monthly Bulletin (IN Health Board). 1962.

–13 Lake County. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 390.

–15 Marion County. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 390.

Iowa ( 163)

–162 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 113.

— 1 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 113.

–156 State. Council Bluffs Nonpareil, IA. “156 Polio Deaths for Iowa in 1952.” 12-26-1952, 15

–14 Polk County Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 394.

–14 Sioux City, by July 22. Redlands…Facts, CA. “Sioux City Polio Deaths…” 7-2-1952, 2.

–30 Woodbury Co. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 394.

Kansas ( 71)

–68 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 113.

— 3 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 113.

–59 State. Leavenworth Times, KS. “Two Polio Deaths.” 12-3-1952, p. 1.

Kentucky (132)

–128 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 113.

— 4 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 113.

–59 Jefferson Co. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 398.

Louisiana ( 32)

–31 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 113.

— 1 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 113.

Maine ( 20)

–19 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 120.

— 1 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 120.

Maryland ( 15)

–14 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 120.

— 1 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 120.

Massachusetts ( 25)

–24 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 121.

— 1 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 121.

Michigan (218)

–214 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 121.

— 4 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 121.

— 1 Bergland. Ironwood…Globe, MI. “Polio Case Load 32 at St. Luke’s.” 11-22-1952, 9.

— 1 Escambia. Ironwood…Globe, MI. “Polio Case Load 32 at St. Luke’s.” 11-22-1952, 9.

–28 Genesee Co. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 404.

— 2 Gladstone. Ironwood…Globe, MI. “Polio Case Load 32 at St. Luke’s.” 11-22-1952, 9.

— 2 Grand Rapids. Holland Sentinel, MI. “Grand Rapids…Polio Deaths.” 9-10-1952, 13.

–13 Ingham County Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 404.

— 1 Menominee. Ironwood…Globe, MI. “Polio Case Load 32 at St. Luke’s.” 11-22-1952, 9.

–21 Oakland Co. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 404.

— 1 Ontonagon. Ironwood…Globe, MI. “Polio Case Load 32 at St. Luke’s.” 11-22-1952, 9.

— 2 Saginaw. Traverse City Record-Eagle, MI. “Polio Deaths.” 9-5-1952, p. 5.

— 1 Sault Ste. Marie. Ironwood Globe, MI. “Polio Case Load 32…St. Luke’s.” 11-22-1952, 9.

— 1 Tustin. Holland Evening Sentinel, MI. “Youth Dies of Polio.” 8-29-1952, p. 1.

–61 Wayne Co. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 404.

–22 Detroit. News-Palladium, Benton Harbor. “Two Detroit Polio…” 9-18-1952, 16.

Minnesota (200)

–197 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 121.

— 3 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 121.

–188 State. Austin Daily Herald, MN. “3 Polio Deaths in County…Campaign.” 12-30-1952, 8.

–46 Hennepin Co. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 406.

–12 Olmsted Co. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 406.

–19 Ramsey Co. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 406.

Mississippi ( 30)

–29 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 121.

— 1 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 121.

Missouri ( 80)

–78 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 128.

— 2 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 128.

–21 Jackson Co. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 410.

–8 St. Louis. Mt. Vernon Register News, IL. “West Frankfort Girl Dies of Polio.” 10-2-1952.

Montana ( 10)

–9 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 128.

–1 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 128.

Nebraska (115)

–111 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 129.

— 4 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 128.

–106 State. Beatrice Daily Sun, NE. “Dies of Polio.” 12-2-1952, p. 5.

–11 Douglas Co. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 414.

–21 Grand Island. Beatrice Daily Sun, NE. “Dies of Polio.” 12-2-1952, p. 5.

–13 Lancaster Co. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 414.

Nevada ( 6)

–6 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 129.

New Hampshire ( 10)

–10 State. Portsmouth Herald, NH. “N.H. Polio Total 88; 10 Deaths Reported.” 11-20-1952, 3.

— 4 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 129.

New Jersey ( 49)

–45 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 129.

— 4 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 128.

New Mexico ( 38)

–38 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 129.

–10 Bernalillo Co. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 418.

New York (123)

–111 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 136.

— 12 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 136.

— 2 Chenango. Syracuse Herald-Journal, NY. “2 Chenango Deaths…Polio.” 9-27-1952, 18.

— 2 Oneonta. Oneonta Star, NY. “March of Dimes [Editorial].” 12-31-1952, p. 4.

–35 New York City. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 418.

— 4 Syracuse. Post-Standard, Syracuse. “4 Polio Deaths Thus Far in ’52.” 9-24-1952, 10.

North Carolina ( 24)

–21 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 137.

— 3 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 137.

North Dakota ( 15)

–15 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 137.

— 2 Tweton, D. J. “North Dakota and the Polio Killer Virus.” North Dakota Studies. Oct 1965

Ohio (176)

–172 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 137.

— 4 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 137.

— 42 Akron. Sandusky Register Star News, OH. “Polio Fatal to Girl…” 12-26-1952, 7.

— 1 Benton. East Liverpool Review, OH. “Polio Deaths Mount to 56.” 9-15-1952, p. 1.

— 1 Canton. East Liverpool Review, OH. “Polio Deaths Mount to 56.” 9-15-1952, p. 1.

— 31 Cleveland. Delphos…Herald, OH. “Three Polio Deaths in…Cleveland.” 10-15-1952, 1

— 32 “ Sandusky Register Star News, OH. “Polio Deaths at 32.” 10-17-1952, p. 19.

— 31 Cuyahoga Co. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 424.

— 1 Cuyahoga Falls. East Liverpool Review, OH. “Polio Deaths Mount to 56.” 9-15-1952, p.1.

— 1 Euclid. East Liverpool Review, OH. “Polio Deaths Mount to 56.” 9-15-1952, p. 1.

— 1 Liberty Twp. East Liverpool Review, OH. “Polio Deaths Mount to 56.” 9-15-1952, p. 1.

— 16 Medina Co. Kleinschmidt. “The Health Dept. and Polio.” Public Health Rpts., 11-1952.

— 2 Pomeroy. Mansfield News Journal, OH. “Polio Closes Schools.” 10-5-1952, p. 32.

— 13 Summit County Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 424.

— 5 Wayne Co. Kleinschmidt. “The Health Dept. and Polio.” Public Health Reports, 11-1952.

Oklahoma ( 49)

–46 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 137.

— 3 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 137.

— 1 Bartlesville. Ada Evening News, OK. “Four More Polio Deaths for State.” 8-8-1952, 2.

— 1 “ Ada Evening News, OK. “Two Polio Deaths During Weekend.” 7-31-1952, p. 4.

— 1 Cache. Ada Evening News, OK. “Four More Polio Deaths for State.” 8-8-1952, 2.

— 1 Oklahoma City. Ada Evening News, OK. “Four More Polio Deaths for State.” 8-8-1952, 2.

— 1 “ Ada Evening News, OK. “Two Polio Deaths During Weekend.” 7-31-1952, p. 4.

–12 Tulsa County. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 426.

Oregon ( 21)

–19 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 144.

— 2 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 144.

— 3 Jackson Co. Walla Walla Union-Bulletin, WA. “Three Polio Cases Told.” 10-9-1952, 16.

Pennsylvania (143)

–142 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 144.

— 1 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 144.

— 14 Allegheny County. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 428.

— 13 Dauphin County. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 428.

— 16 Delaware County. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 428.

— 16 Philadelphia Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 430.

— 16 Pittsburgh. The Blizzard, Oil City, PA. “16 New Polio Cases…Pittsburgh.” 10-28-1952, 12.

Rhode Island ( 9)

–9 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 145.

South Carolina (16)

–15 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 145.

— 1 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 145.

South Dakota ( 49)

–48 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 145.

— 1 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 145.

Tennessee ( 30)

–30 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 145.

Texas (240-313)

–313 State. Jan-Oct. Morning Avalanche, Lubbock TX. “Texas Polio…” 12-25-1952, VI 8

–240 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 152.

— 6 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 152.

— 7 Austin. Jan-Oct. Morning Avalanche, Lubbock TX. “Texas Polio…” 12-25-1952, VI 8

— 15 Bexar County Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 436.

— 12 Corpus Christi. Jan-Oct. Morning Avalanche, Lubbock TX. “Texas Polio…” 12-25-1952

— 29 Dallas. Jan-Oct. Morning Avalanche, Lubbock TX. “Texas Polio…” 12-25-1952, VI 8.

— 11 El Paso Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 436.

— 33 Harris County Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 438.

— 10 Hidalgo County Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 438.

— 11 San Antonio. San Antonio Light, TX. “Polio Cases in S.A. Climb to 152.” 12-26-1952, 4.

Utah ( 21)

–20 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 152.

— 1 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 152.

–11 State. Salt Lake Tribune. “2 Polio Deaths Up County ’52 Total to 7.” 9-11-1952, p. 33.

— 7 Salt Lake. Salt Lake Tribune. “2 Polio Deaths Up County ’52 Total to 7.” 9-11-1952, p. 33

Vermont ( 3)

–3 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 153.

Virginia ( 35)

–30 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 153.

— 5 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 153.

Washington ( 63)

–62 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 153.

— 1 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 153.

–13 Spokane County Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 446.

West Virginia ( 34)

–32 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 153.

— 2 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 153.

Wisconsin (133)

–131 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 160.

— 2 Late effects of acute poliomyelitis. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 160

— 2 Antigo. Rhinelander…News, WI. “Antigo Polio Deaths Stop Grid Games.” 9-18-1952.

— 1 Ashland. Rhinelander Daily News, WI. “New Polio Cases, One Death…” 8-28-1952, 2.

— 14 Dane County. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 448.

— 1 Kronenwetter. Rhinelander Daily News, WI. “Two More Polio Deaths…” 9-29-1952, 1

— 4 La Crosse. Rhinelander Daily News, WI. “Two More Polio Deaths…” 9-29-1952, 1.

— 2 Langlade Co. Rhinelander Daily News, WI. “Antigo Polio Deaths…” 9-18-1952, p. 8.^[1]

— 8 Madison. Capital Times, WI. “3 New Cases of Polio; 1 is Bulbar Type.” 9-15-1952, p. 1.

— 21 Milwaukee. Acute polio. US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 54, p. 448.

— 1 New Lisbon. Sheboygan Press, WI. “Monroe County Polio Case Load…93.” 9-9-1952, 8.

— 6 Racine County. Ironwood Globe, MI. “Two Deaths…Polio…Wisconsin.” 8-26-1952, 5.

— 1 Viroqua. Ironwood Daily Globe, MI. “Two…Polio Deaths…in Wisconsin.” 8-21-1952, 7.

— 1 Waterford. Ironwood Daily Globe, MI. “Polio Claims Another Life.” 8-25-1952, p. 5.

— 1 Wausaukee. Ironwood Daily Globe, MI. “Polio Claims Another Life.” 8-25-1952, p. 5.

— 1 Wisconsin Rapids. Sheboygan Press, WI. “Monroe County Polio Case…93.” 9-9-1952, 8.

Wyoming ( 17)

–17 Acute poliomyelitis US PHS. Vital Statistics 1952, Table 51, p. 160.

Narrative Information

General

Haugen: “Race to Cure Polio Tops Medical News….In 1952, there were 58,000 new infections reported and 3,000 deaths in the United States alone. That was also the year that a University of Pittsburgh medical researcher, Jonas Salk (1914-2005), began small-scale field trials on a vaccine he had developed.” (Haugen, Peter. Biology: Decade by Decade. 2007, p. 144.)

Tweton: “The year 1952 has been called the year of the plague with 57,000 American cases of which 21,000 suffered permanent paralysis and 3,000 died. The horror stories of that season filled North Dakota newspapers. On an Iowa farm, 10 of 14 children in one family came down with the virus. None died, but two were left paralyzed. Front pages carried the story of a Wisconsin family near Milwaukee where bulbar polio suddenly struck. The 17-year-old high school football player became ill; he was dead by evening. The next day his four-year-old sister complained of stiff neck and fever in the morning; she died later that day. The eight-year-old sister died two days later; and polio killed the third sister, age 13, the following day. Polio struck out of nowhere and could cause death the day it entered the body.” (Tweton, D. J. “North Dakota and the Polio Killer Virus. North Dakota Studies. Oct 1965.)

Oneonta Star: “There were 55,000 cases in 1952, the highest polio incidence ever reported.” (Oneonta Star, NY. “March of Dimes [Editorial].” 12-31-1952, 4.)

California

“San Diego – (AP) – The City-County Health Department reports 24 polio deaths and 166 cases thus far this year in San Diego County. Last year there were five deaths in 98 cases to this date.” (Long Beach Press-Telegram. “Polio Deaths Up.” 9-12-1952, A8.)

“Los Angeles (AP) – The number of deaths from polio in Los Angeles County this year has reached 32, compared with 30 at this time in 1951. Latest victim was Mrs. Betty Mae Davis, 22 Long Beach.” (Bakersfield Californian. “Polio Deaths Hit 32.” 11-26-1952, p. 19.)

Idaho

“Boise, Dec 30 (AP) – Polio has taken 21 lives, in Idaho this year – highest on record for the Gem state. The latest victim was Vernon Burlison, Jr., 10, Moscow, who died in a Spokane hospital Monday from contracting bulbar polio at his home Christmas day.’

“Woodrow Benson, state director of vital statistics, attributed the higher death rate to the fact that

more victims contracted the bulbar type of polio and also that deaths which were attributed to other causes in the past now are properly diagnosed as polio.

“The state has had 345 cases of polio this year, compared to 148 cases and eight deaths last year.

In 1949, worst year on record for total cases, 13 of the 510 persons who contracted polio died.

“Four counties — Bannock, Ada, Canyon and Nez Perce — were hardest hit by polio this year with 27 cases each. Minidoka county had 20 cases, four of which were fatal, for the highest death rate in 1952.

“Five counties — Adams, Elaine, Boundary, i Caribou and Washington — have reported no cases this year….” (Twin Falls Times News. “Polio Deaths Reach 21 for State Record.” 12-30-1952, 1)

Iowa:

July 2: “Sioux City, Ia (UP) – The polio death toll mounted today while frightened parents volunteered their children as ‘guinea pigs’ in experimental tests designed to control the crippling disease. The death of 11 year-old David Anderson brought the death toll here during the present epidemic to 14. Two more patients were admitted to overloaded Sioux City hospitals bringing the number of active cases to 135. Fourteen patients were in iron lungs, while hospital staffs held three machines in reserve for use at a moment’s notice.

“Officials said they were becoming more alarmed with a polio outbreak at Des Moines, Ia. Sixteen patients were admitted to hospitals during the week end, bringing the total for the month to 42.

“Treatment centers were jammed at Omaha, Neb., and officials said the need for volunteer workers was ‘desperate’.” (Redlands Daily Facts, CA. “Sioux City Polio Deaths…” 7-2-52, 2.)

Aug 29: “Des Moines (AP) – Poliomyelitis is striking at Iowa harder this year than-at any of its bordering states. A survey by midwest Associated Press bureaus disclosed Friday that more populous Illinois ranked second to Iowa in number of cases and Minnesota second in the number of fatalities. Iowa’s cases reached 1,229 this week compared to 1,399 for all of the record Iowa polio incidence year of 1950. Iowa polio deaths reached 70 compared to 90, the high, for all of 1949.

“Nebraska, with 658 cases reported by Aug. 25, was running up a total higher than in its previous

peak year for cases, 1948. In that year 219 cases were reported by the same date.

“Illinois had 1,038 cases by last Saturday, latest date for which figures were obtainable. Polio deaths are not officially recorded on a current basis by the Illinois Health department.

“Minnesota’s polio deaths this year number 46 and its cases aggregate 813.

“In most of the cluster of states around Iowa – Missouri, South Dakota, Minnesota, and Illinois – this year’s incidence of polio is considerably under peak years. Nebraska may be an exception.

“The peak year for Missouri was 1949 when it had 133 deaths and 1,319 cases and Illinois with 1,499 cases. South Dakota’s worst year was 1948 with 890 cases and 111 deaths. (Mason City Globe-Gazette, IA. “Iowa’s Polio Attack Worst in Midwest.” 8-29-1952, 1.)

Sep 16: “Des Moines – (AP) – The polio epidemic in Iowa and Nebraska, already the hardest hit states of any in the nation this year, continued to mount today. Iowa counted an all-time high of 106 polio fatalities – 16 more than the previous record of 90 in 1949….

“The National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis reported Nebraska led the nation with 82.2 polio cases per 100,000 population. Iowa was second with 76 cases per 100,000.

“Iowa had four new polio deaths yesterday…

“At Mapleton, Ia., 11 of the 14 children of Mr. and Mrs. Joe Thiel have had polio this Summer. Only one of the 12 children at home escaped the disease, and two still are hospitalized…” (Cumberland Times, MD. “Polio Mounts in Two States with 162 Dead.” 9-16-1952, 2.)

Dec 26: “Des Moines – AP – Polio left its crippling mark on a record number of Iowans in 1952 while the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis pressed for development of a vaccine to combat the disease. It was the” most serious epidemic — both in number of deaths and in number of cases — in the state’s history.

“In a year that started out with little indication of becoming a “polio year,” the epidemic broke out with fury. In less than 40 days in July and August, the state had jumped from 18 polio fatalities to equal Iowa’s all-time high of 90 deaths set in the 1949 epidemic year, then went on to record its 156th fatality on Nov. 27, slightly more than three months later.

“During 1952, over 3,500 polio cases were recorded in Iowa, more than were stricken in the state in the combined epidemic years of 1948, 1949 and 1950. And John V. McCarthy, state representative for the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, says that figure is “very conservative.” Polio recognized no age group, although McCarthy says more than half of the cases were in an age group 15 and under.

“A breakdown of the 156 fatalities shows the following number of deaths in these age groups since July 23:

Age group 5 to 9 — 37;

ages 10 to 20 — 32;

ages 21 to 29 —36;

ages 30 to 49 27;

age 50 and over — 2.

“This year’s total, in terms of cases per 100,000 population, gave Iowa the third highest reported rate in the nation with 146 cases.

“The state’s polio patients ranged from the 13-day-old daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Arden Ryg of Rake to several persons in their 50s. In what may be a record for a family, 11 of the 14 children of Mr. and Mrs. Joe Thuel of Mapleton have had polio since July….

“Sioux City, scene of the inoculations of 16,000 children from Woodbury County, Ia., and Dakota County, Neb., with Gamma globulin, was picked as a testing ground because the epidemic in northwest Iowa was so severe that it was estimated that one child in 90 in that area in the 2-year-old group was affected by paralytic polio.

“To meet the polio emergency in Iowa this year, the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis brought over 130 professional personnel into the state and equipment valued at over a quarter of

a million dollars. McCarthy said the foundation spent $600,000 on patient care in Iowa. All the state’s 100 chapters are financially broke or near broke, he added….” (Council Bluffs Nonpareil, IA. “156 Polio Deaths for Iowa in 1952.” 12-26-1952, p. 15.)

Kansas

“Topeka (AP) – The Kansas Board of Health’s latest tabulation shows two additional deaths from polio, boosting the Kansas total for the year to 59. The deaths were noted in the board’s latest reports from Ellis and Wyandotte Counties. Thus far in 1952, the number of onsets of polio reported to the board totals 1,588.” (Leavenworth Times, KS. “Two Polio Deaths.” 12-3-1952, p. 1.)

Kentucky

“Louisville, Ky., Aug. 30. – The death toll in the state polio epidemic reached 45 today with 728 cases, and a new county was added to the list of epidemic areas in Kentucky to bring the total of epidemic counties to 20.” (Middlesboro Daily News, KY. “Kentucky Polio Deaths Reach 45.” 8-30-1952, 1.)

Michigan

“Associated Press. An outbreak of polio has stricken more persons this year in Michigan than in the peak year of 1949. Ernest L. Bates of the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, cited State Health department figures of 1,369 cases so far this season as against 1,024 at this time three years ago.

“Detroit was among the hardest hit cities. James Monroe, 17, who died in Herman Kiefer hospital yesterday, was the 21^st victim of the disease in Wayne county….Detroit’s Health commissioner, Dr. Joseph G. Milner, reported 322 cases this year compared with 332 in the same period three years ago….

“Sister Kenney Polio hospital near Pontiac had 77 patients. The hospital was designed to care for only 40 polio patients.

“In Grand Rapids, the hospitals have treated 78 polio patients this year…

“Attendance in state parks and recreation areas has shown a drop during recent weeks, probably due to the polio scare and cooler weather the Conservation department reported.” (News-Palladium, Benton Harbor, MI. “New Polio Case Record Set in State.” 8-28-1952, p. 14.)

Sep 18: “Detroit – (AP) – Two more polio deaths Monday brought Detroit’s 1952 toll to 28. So far 422 Detroiters have been stricken, compared with 456 cases and 22 deaths in the same period a year ago.” (News-Palladium, Benton Harbor, MI. “Two Detroit Polio Deaths.” 9-18-1952, 16.)

Nov 22: “Total polio case for 1952 [Upper Michigan], by counties, are as follows: Delta, 47; Marquette, 19; Chippewa and Houghton, 18 each; Menominee, 11; Gogebic and Luce, nine each; Ontonagon, eight; Iron, six; Schoolcraft, Alger and Dickinson, four each; Baraga, two…” (Ironwood Daily Globe, MI. “Polio Case Load 32 at St. Luke’s.” 11-22-1952, 9.)

Minnesota

“The Minnesota Department of Health reported 188 deaths in the state in 3,855 cases.” (Austin Daily Herald, MN. “3 Polio Deaths in County Spur March of Dimes Campaign.” 12-30-1952, 8.)

Nebraska

“The polio epidemic in Iowa and Nebraska, already the hardest hit states of any in the nation this year, continued to mount today…Nebraska had 56 such deaths and over 1,200 cases reported. ….The National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis reported Nebraska led the nation with 82.2 polio cases per 100,000 population….Nebraska’s last fatality was the death Sept. 11 of Robert Rogers, 11 of Morrill, one of eight Rogers children hospitalized with the disease.” (Cumberland Times, MD. “Polio Mounts in Two States with 162 Dead.” 9-16-1952, 2.)

Dec 2: “Grand Island, Neb. (AP) – Clifford Vian, 25, of Kearney died of polio in St. Francis Hospital here Monday, raising to 21 the number of polio deaths in Grand Island this year and to 106 the state polio death total.” (Beatrice Daily Sun, NE. “Dies of Polio.” 12-2-1952, p. 5.)

New Hampshire:

“Concord (AP) – The 1952 state polio count hit 88 today, the Health Department reported. A total of 10 deaths have occurred as a result of the disease, the agency said.

“Although nationwide figures indicate this to be the worst polio year in history, Granite State figures fail to bear this out. On Nov. 1, 1949, a total of 245 state cases of infantile paralysis had been recorded. Ten deaths were recorded that year. Last year, however, 53 cases were on the state rolls on the same date.” (Portsmouth Herald, NH. “N.H. Polio Total 88; 10 Deaths Reported.” 11-20-1952, 3.)

New York:

“Fifteen men, women and children in Otsego County were stricken with polio this year. Two Oneonta residents died of the disease.” (Oneonta Star, NY. “March of Dimes [Editorial].” 12-31-1952, 4.)

North Dakota

“For whatever reason North Dakota cases dropped that year to 299 with two deaths. That, however, did nothing to quiet the anxiety of the state’s people. To many the epidemic of fear seemed as bad as polio itself.” (Tweton, D. J. “North Dakota and the Polio Killer Virus. North Dakota Studies. Oct 1965.)

Ohio

“Columbus, O., Sept. 27 (AP) — This is already the worst polio year in Ohio history — with three

months yet to go. The number of polio cases diagnosed in Ohio since Jan. 1 rose to 2,196 this week. The previous record for a whole year was 1,833 in 1950.

“The disease has hit hardest this year in the Northeastern section and in a diagonal band of counties from Northeast to Southeast. To Sept. 25 the state health department had reports on 432 cases in Cuyahoga County, 142 in Summit, 129 in Wayne, 127 in Hamilton, 110 in Medina, 102 in Montgomery, 88 in Lucas, 83 in Stark, 78 in Franklin. CO in Clark, 56 in Holmes and Belmont.

“Official up-to-date figures on polio deaths in Ohio are not available. The Bureau of Vital Statistics’ totals lag two months behind. They say it is because of delays in receiving death certificates from counties and time consumed in coding the cards. The National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis keeps no separate figures. The latest available polio death total for the state is 36 through July. Local health departments have reported many more than that.” (Lima News, OH. “Ohio Has Worst Polio Year with 2,196 Cases.” 9-28-1952, p. 5.)

Mansfield News Journal: “Pomeroy. (AP) – Schools in the southern district of Meigs County have been recessed until Oct. 20 as school officials attempted to battle polio. Some 1,200 students in the county have been recessed from classes because of the polio scare brought about by two polio deaths.” (Mansfield News Journal, OH. “Polio Closes Schools.” 10-5-1952, p. 32.)

Pennsylvania

Sep 4: “…first polio case of the year in Tionesta, Don Neiman, 15, is stricken.” (Titusville Herald, PA. “City, Vicinity News of 1952 is Reviewed.” 12-31-1952, 10.)

Sep 16: “Lock Haven, Pa., where a partial quarantine of public gathering places has been in effect eight days, reported its first polio fatality of the year.” (Cumberland Times, MD. “Polio…in Two States with 162 Dead.” 9-16-1952, 2.)

Texas:

“Associated Press. An official of the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis in Dallas said Monday, ‘there might be hope the peak has passed.’ But before he spoke bulbar polio snuffed out another life – that of a Houston boy, Bruce Cronquist, 7.

“The faint ray of hop that the disease might be letting up came from Arthur Dyer, director of the foundation’s Dallas County Program. Dyer said the number of cases in Dallas was down to 20 last week. The polio incidence dropped steadily to that number from a high of 31 for a week in June, Dyer said.

“Meanwhile, hard-hit Houston reports of six new cases, four from within the city and two from the county [Harris].

“The new cases and the youngster’s death hiked the city total for the year to 317 cases and 12 deaths – far more than the 89 cases and four deaths recorded at the same time last year.

“The new [Harris] county total stood at 200 cases and eight deaths for the year, compared with 24 cases and no deaths for the same period in 1951.” Accessed at:

http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=76894923

Sources

Abilene Reporter-News, TX. “4 More Enter Polio Ward.” 8-5-1952, 7-A. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=216021084&sterm=polio

Abilene Reporter-News, TX. “Official Thinks Texas’ Polio Peak Passed.” 8-5-1952, p. 1. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=76894923&sterm=polio

Ada Evening News, OK. “Four More Polio Deaths for State.” 8-8-1952, p. 2. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=52369492

Ada Evening News, OK. “Two Polio Deaths During Weekend.” 7-31-1952, p. 4. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=52369405

Austin Daily Herald, MN. “3 Polio Deaths in County Spur March of Dimes Campaign.” 12-30-1952, 8. At: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=36526591

Bakersfield Californian. “Polio Deaths Hit 32.” 11-26-1952, p. 19. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=154972540

Beatrice Daily Sun, NE. “Dies of Polio.” 12-2-1952, p. 5. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=157990817

Bismarck Tribune, ND. “Five-State Area Has 89 Deaths from Polio.” 8-15-1952, 4. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=13838214

Bryant, Clifton D. (Ed.). Handbook of Death & Dying. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2003. Google preview accessed at: http://books.google.com/books?id=3z9EpgisKOgC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=true

Camden News, AR (AP). “Polio Fatal.” 2-18-1952, p. 4. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=198626313&sterm=polio+fatal

Capital Times, Madison, WI. “3 New Cases of Polio; 1 is Bulbar Type.” 9-15-1952, p. 1. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=99998577

Council Bluffs Nonpareil, IA. “156 Polio Deaths for Iowa in 1952.” 12-26-1952, p. 15. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=1868019

Cumberland Evening Times, MD. “Polio Mounts in Two States with 162 Dead.” 9-16-1952, 2. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=97016418

Daily Chronicle, Centralia, WA. “Polio Decline is Hoped For.” 9-25-1952, p. 5. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=79547611

Daily Herald, Chicago, IL. “Polio Fatal to Three in North DuPage County.” 8-22-1952, p. 48. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=15328101

Daily Journal-Gazette. “Top News Stories of City Selected,” 12/31/1952, 1. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=117542290

Daily Republic, Mitchell, SD. “Polio is Increasing in State.” 8-29-1952, p. 1. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=126816986

Delphos Daily Herald, OH. “Three Polio Deaths in Greater Cleveland.” 10-15-1952, 1. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=130495934

East Liverpool Review, OH. “Polio Deaths Mount to 56.” 9-15-1952, p. 1. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=6440676

Fort Pierce News-Tribune, FL (AP). “Dade County Has Fifth Polio Death.” 7-3-1952, p. 3. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=10210329&sterm=dade

Gazette and Bulletin, Williamsport, PA. “86 Cases of Polio Reported.” 7-31-1952, p. 2. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=14660842

Gazette and Bulletin, Williamsport, PA. “Carolyn Cohick Dies of Polio.” 9-15-1952, p. 7. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=14670346

Gettysburg Times, PA. “New Polio Deaths.” 9-9-1952, p. 2. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=103412

Haugen, Peter. Biology: Decade by Decade. 2007. Digitized by Google at: http://books.google.com/books?id=rLnRflswhHcC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=true

Holland Evening Sentinel, MI. “Grand Rapids Records Two More Polio Deaths.” 9-10-1952, 13. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=10091120

Holland Evening Sentinel, MI. “Youth Dies of Polio.” 8-29-1952, p. 1. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=10088549

Humboldt Standard, Eureka, CA. “Polio in State Shows Decline.” 9-4-1953, 10. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=51899784

Infoplease.com. “Major U.S. Epidemics.” 2007. Accessed 10-30-2011 at: http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0001460.html

Ironwood Daily Globe, MI. “Polio Case Load 32 at St. Luke’s.” 11-22-1952, p. 9. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=138777161

Ironwood Daily Globe, MI. “Polio Claims Another Life.” 8-25-1952, p. 5. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=138776102

Ironwood Daily Globe, MI. “Two Deaths are Blamed on Polio in Wisconsin.” 8-26-1952, p. 5. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=138776114

Ironwood Daily Globe, MI. “Two More Polio Deaths are Found in Wisconsin.” 8-21-1952, 7.

Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=138776062

Journal of the American Medical Association. 1957.

Kingsport Times, TN. “Kentucky News.” 9-17-1952, p. 27. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=52456363

Kleinschmidt, Earl E., Mabel Abbott and Ilah Kauffman. “The Health Department and Poliomyelitis: Administrative factors in the 1952 outbreak in Wayne and Medina Counties, Ohio.” Public Health Reports, Vol. 67, No. 11, Nov 1952, pp. 1109-1114. Accessed at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2030849/pdf/pubhealthreporig01083-0044.pdf

Leavenworth Times, KS. “Two Polio Deaths.” 12-3-1952, p. 1. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=114749453

Lima News, OH. “Ohio Has Worst Polio Year with 2,196 Cases.” 9-28-1952, p. 5. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=30731233

Long Beach Press-Telegram, CA. “Polio Deaths Up.” 9-12-1952, A8. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=46266744

Mansfield News Journal, OH. “Polio Closes Schools.” 10-5-1952, p. 32. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=12197920

Martin, Paul H. “Traffic Deaths vs. Poliomyelitis.” Monthly Bulletin (Indiana State Board of Health). Vol. 65, 1962.

Mason City Globe-Gazette, IA. “Iowa’s Polio Attack Worst in Midwest.” 8-29-1952, 1. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=100490607

Middlesboro Daily News, KY. “Kentucky Polio Deaths Reach 45.” 8-30-1952, 1. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=51709504

Morning Avalanche, Lubbock, TX. “Texas Polio One of Top News Stories.” 12-25-1952, VI 8. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=107680354

Mt. Vernon Register News, IL. “West Frankfort Girl Dies of Polio.” 10-2-1952, 14. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=159913302

Newport Mercury and Weekly News, RI. “3 Polio Deaths in R.I.” 9-12-1952, p. 1. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=55509150

News-Palladium, Benton Harbor, MI. “New Polio Case Record Set in State.” 8-28-1952, p. 14.

Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=73619697

News-Palladium, Benton Harbor, MI. “Two Detroit Polio Deaths.” 9-18-1952, p. 16. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=73619869

Oneonta Star, NY. “March of Dimes” (Editorial). Dec 31, 1952, 4. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=50018682

Portsmouth Herald, NH. “N.H. Polio Total 88; 10 Deaths Reported.” 11-20-1952, 3. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=54592714

Post-Standard, Syracuse, NY. “4 Polio Deaths Thus Far in ’52.” 9-24-1952, 10. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=45513358

Redlands Daily Facts, CA. “Sioux City Polio Deaths Mount.” 7-2-1952, 2. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=13761499

Rhinelander Daily News, WI. “Antigo Polio Deaths Stop Grid Games.” 9-18-1952, p. 8. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=120764060

Rhinelander Daily News, WI. “New Polio Cases, One Death Occur in North Country.” 8-28-1952, 2. At: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=120763971

Rhinelander Daily News, WI. “Two More Polio Deaths Recorded.” 9-29-1952, p. 1. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=126946193

Rosenberg, Jerome, and Dennis L. Peck. “Megadeaths: Individual Reactions and Social Responses to Massive Loss of Life.” Pp. 223-232 in Bryant, Clifton D. (Ed.). Handbook of Death & Dying. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2003. Partially digitized by Google at: http://books.google.com/books?id=3z9EpgisKOgC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=true

Salt Lake Tribune, UT. “2 Polio Deaths Up County ’52 Total to 7.” 9-11-1952, p. 33. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=93505611

San Antonio Light, TX. “Polio Cases in S.A. Climb to 152.” 12-26-1952, 4. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=68928512

San Mateo Times, CA. “Polio Incidence in September High.” 9-30-1952, 18. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=47401445

Sandusky Register Star-News, OH. “Polio Deaths at 32.” 10-17-1952, p. 19. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=150358755

Sandusky Register Star-News, OH. “Polio Fatal to Girl who left Hospital to Open Presents.” 12-26-1952, 7. At: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=150359349

Sheboygan Press, WI. “Monroe County Polio Case Load Increases to 93.” 9-9-1952, 8. At: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=7439731

Syracuse Herald-Journal, NY. “2 Chenango Deaths Due to Polio.” 9-27-1952, p. 18. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=45283422

The Blizzard, Oil City, PA. “16 New Polio Cases Listed for Pittsburgh.” 10-28-1952, 12. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=59358842

Titusville Herald, PA. “City, Vicinity News of 1952 is Reviewed.” 12-31-1952, 10. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=102393669

Traverse City Record-Eagle, MI. “Polio Deaths.” 9-5-1952, p. 5. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=2534927

Tucson Daily Citizen. “Gamma Globulin Aid for Measles Only.” 12-27-1952, p. 1. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=85338158&sterm=gamma+globulin+aid

Tucson Daily Citizen, AZ. “Polio Deaths Result in Iron Lung for Sonora.” 12-31-1952, 11. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=85338240

Tweton, Dr. D. Jerome. “North Dakota and the Polio Killer Virus: An Investigative Report. Bismarck, ND, North Dakota Studies. Oct 1965. Accessed at: http://www.ndstudies.org/articles/north_dakota_and_the_polio_killer_virus_an_investigative_report

Twin Falls Times News, ID. “Polio Deaths Reach 21 for State Record.” 12-30-1952, 1. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=169441903

United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Public Health Service, National Office of Vital Statistics. Vital Statistics of the United States 1952, Volume II, Mortality Data. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1955. Accessed 2-7-2020 at: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsus/VSUS_1952_2.pdf

Walla Walla Union-Bulletin, WA. “Three Polio Cases Told.” 10-9-1952, 16. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=19319249

[1] The two Antigo, Langlade County, deaths, are not double-counted here.