1983 — Sep 1, Korean Air 007 (NY to Seoul) shot down by USSR off Sakhalin Isl.–61-94 US of 269
–269 AP. “Reagan weighs Soviet sanctions.” Syracuse Herald-Journal, NY, 9-3-1983, p. 1.
–269 AP. “Soviets shoot down jetliner.” Syracuse Herald-Journal, NY, 9-1-1983, p. 1.
–269 Aviation Safety Network. “Criminal Occurrence description.” Flight Safety Foundation.
–246 Passengers
— 23 Crew
–269 Syracuse Herald American, NY. “Doomed airliner tried to signal its pursuers.” 9-4-1983, p. 1.
— 94 US citizens and residents[1] killed in shoot-down of KAL 007. (Rescue007.org/passengers.)
–61 US citizens
— 1 US citizen or long-time resident (Dr. Jong-Jin Lim)
–32 Foreign nationals apparently living in the U.S.
— 3 CT
— 1 DC
— 1 GA
— 1 MD
— 4 MA
–12 MI
–16 NJ
–34 NY
— 1 NC
— 2 OH
— 6 PA
— 2 RI
— 2 SC
— 1 TN
— 9 US citizens living outside the U.S.
— 62 US Citizens (by nationality). Wikipedia. “Korean Air Lines Flight 007.” 8-14-2018 edit.
— 61 Americans. (President Reagan’s spokesman Larry Speakes, citing the Korean Air Lines.[2]
— 61 Americans. (Associated Press, citing Secretary of State George Shultz.)[3]
Alphabetical Listing of US Citizens and Residents[4]
(Yellow highlighting denotes a U.S. address from Sep 4, AP articled cited below.)
- Ariyadej, Diane, 28 Bronx, NY US citizen[5]
- Ariyadej, Sammy, 8 months, son of Diane. Bronx, NY US citizen
- Avecilla, Josefina, 40 New York, NY Philippines
- Baek, Yoon-Jong New York, NY South Korea
- Bayona, Anita Caldwell, NJ US citizen
- Bayona, Lilia Caldwell, NJ US citizen
- Beirn, James, 50 Piscataway, NJ US citizen
- Bevins, Richard, 32 New Windsor, NY US citizen
- Bissell, Mrs. Eleanor, 71 Au Gres, MI US citizen
- Bolante, Eusebio, 63 East Orange, NJ Philippines[6]
- Bolante, Nymfa, 24 East Orange, NJ Philippines[7]
- Burgess, James, 57 Seneca, SC US citizen
- Campbell, Dr. Susan Lee, 28 Shrewsbury, MA US citizen
- Carasco, Christian, 14 New York, NY US citizen
- Carasco, Elizabeth, 17 New York, NY US citizen
- Caser, Corneho, 67 New York, NY US citizen
- Chambers, Joyce, 35 Detroit, MI US citizen[8]
- Chan, Mr. Joseph Samar, Philippines US citizen[9]
- Chang, Tsaichen, Mr., 63 Old Saybrook, CT Taiwan[10]
- Chuapoco, Cecilio, 52 Teaneck, NJ US citizen
- Chuapoco, Celita, 3 Teaneck, NJ US citizen
- Chuapoco, Mary, 29 Teaneck, NJ US citizen
- Cruz, Alfredo, Mr. New Rochelle, NY Philippines
- Cruz, Edgardo, 59 Irvington, NJ Philippines
- Cruz, Edith, 24 Chattanooga, TN Philippines
- Cruz, Frisca, 60 Irvington, NJ Philippines
- Culp, Marie, 75 Pontiac, MI US citizen[11]
- Dang, Mr. Loc Monroe, NC Vietnam[12]
- Dawson, Lucille, 57 Warwick, RI US citizen
- Dorman, S. Montreal (at time) US citizen[13]
- Draughn, Miss Sarah, 20 Medford, MA US citizen[14]
- Ellgen, Mr. Richard New York, NY US citizen
- Ephraimson-Abt, Miss Alice, 23 Saddle River, NJ US citizen
- Fitzpatrick, Lillian, 60 Warwick, RI US citizen
- Forman, Mrs. Evelyn, 30 New York, NY US citizen[15]
- Guevara, T., infant Manila, Philippines US citizen[16]
- Hjalmarsson, Mr. J., 38 Queens,[17] NY Sweden[18]
- Homloar, Thomas Hyong, 4 Jersey City, NJ Bangkok, Thailand[19]
- Hong, Hyong Ung (Billy), 41 Greenville, SC US citizen
- Iu, Mr. Wai Kong, 33 New York Hong Kong.[20]
- James, Mrs. Hazel, 50 Detroit, MI US citizen[21]
- Jang, Sang-Joon New York, NY Korea[22]
- Katz, Jack, 62 Plainview, NY US citizen
- Kim, Jin-Hong New York, NY Korea[23]
- Kim, Mr. Lee-Shik, Staten Island, NY Korea
- Kohn, Mr. Allen, 63 Bala Cynwyd, PA US citizen
- Kohn, Mrs. Lillian, 56 Bala Cynwyd, PA US citizen
- Kole, Ms. Muriel, 39 Loudonville, NY US citizen
- Lantin, Raymundo, 36 New York, NY Philippines[24]
- Lee, Eun-Hyung, 36 Yonkers, NY South Korea
- Lee, Hee-Ryung, 36 Detroit, MI Korea[25]
- Lee, In-Ho, 23 Jersey City, NJ Korea[26]
- Lee, Kyi-Hyun, 9 Detroit, MI Korea[27]
- Lee (Kim), Ae-Kyong Detroit, MI Korea
- Lee, Seong-Joon, 13 Detroit, MI Korea[28]
- Lim, Jong-Chul, 50 Queens, NY Korea
- Lim, Dr. Jong-Jin, 51[29] New Milford, NJ Korea, US?[30]
- Lombard, Aiden, 43 (brother of Donald) Hatboro, PA US citizen[31]
- Lombard, Donald, 41 (brother of Aiden) Huntingdon Valley, PA US citizen
- Ma, Mr. Shi-Jen New York, NY Taiwan[32]
- McDonald, Lawrence, 48 Marietta, GA US citizen[33]
- McGetrick, Mark A., 33 Danbury, CT US citizen
- McNiff, Kevin, 28 Beverly, MA US citizen
- Metcalf, Mrs. Chong, 30 South Korea (at the time) US citizen[34]
- Metcalf, Christa Gayle, 3 South Korea (at the time) US citizen[35]
- Metcalf, Rita Denise, 7 South Korea US citizen
- Miller, Edna Madison Heights, MI US citizen
- Min, Kyung-Hoon, 26 Athens, OH Korea[36]
- Moline, Ms. Jan New York, NY US citizen
- Ocampo, Cecilia, 2 Staten Island, NY US citizen
- Ocampo, Corazon, 4 Staten Island, NY US citizen
- Ocampo, Suellen, 39 Staten Island, NY Philippines[37]
- Oldham, John Washington, DC US citizen[38]
- Oren, William, 31 Buffalo, NY US citizen
- Park, Graham, 2 Buffalo, NY US citizen
- Park, Han-Tae, 42 Valley Forge, PA Korea[39]
- Park, Dr. Min-Shik, 31 Buffalo, NY Korea[40]
- Park, Sarah, 4 Buffalo, NY US citizen[41]
- Petroski, Raymond, 36 Dunellen, NJ US citizen
- Putong, Jovita, 65 Staten Island, NY Philippines[42]
- Ryu, Mr. Kyung-Keno Greenbelt, MD Korea
- Scruton, Rebecca (Becky), 28 Meriden, CT US citizen[43]
- Slaton, Judge Ms. Jessie, 75 Detroit, MI US citizen[44]
- Song, Anna, 63 Yonkers, NY US citizen
- Spier, Kathy Brown, 39 Secaucus, NJ US citizen
- Steckler, Mrs. Irene Bigotte Osaka, Japan US citizen/NY[45]
- Steckler, Mr. Stuart Osaka, Japan US citizen/NY
- Stevens, Hiroko, 26 Somerville, MA Japan
- Swift, Frances, 40 Detroit, MI US citizen[46]
- Truppin, Dr. Michael New York, NY US citizen
- Weng, Mr. M.T. Cincinnati, OH US citizen
- Wuduun, Ms. Sirena, 20 New York, NY US citizen
- Yoo, Mr. Chung-Soo, 45 Pittsburgh, PA US citizen
- Zareh, Mr. D. Not stated US citizen
- Zarif, Ms. Margaret (Min’imah), 59 Detroit, MI US citizen[47]
Narrative Information
Aviation Safety Network:
Date: Thursday 1 September 1983
Time: 03:26
Type: Boeing 747-230B
Operator: Korean Air Lines — KAL
….
Location: 37 km (23.1 mls) W off Sakhalinsk {Okhotsk Sea} (Pacific Ocean)
Phase: En Route (ENR)
Nature: International Scheduled Passenger
Departure airport: Anchorage International Airport, AK…, United States of America
Destination airport: Seoul-Gimpo (Kimpo) International Airport…South Korea
Flight number: KE007
Narrative:
“Korean Airlines flight KE007, a Boeing 747-230B, arrived at Anchorage, AK (ANC) at 03:30 local time after a flight from New York-JFK…
“At 05:00 the aircraft took off again from runway 32, bound for Seoul (SEL). The flight was cleared directly to the Bethel VOR beacon and then on to the Romeo 20 route. However, the aircraft started diverging from it’s intended course and passed 12 miles North of the Bethel beacon. While approaching the Kamchatka peninsula, six Soviet Air Force MiG-23 fighters were scrambled. Because a US Boeing RC-135 intelligence plane was flying in the area east off Kamchatka, the Soviet defence forces probably thought the B747 radar echo to be the RC-135. KAL 007 left Russian airspace over the Okhotsk Sea and the fighters returned to their base.
“Passing abeam the Nippi waypoint (4 hours after takeoff), the aircraft was 185 miles off course and headed for Sakhalin.[48] Two Soviet Sukhoi Su-15 fighters were scrambled from the Dolinsk-Sokol airbase at 17:42 UTC and 17:54 respectively. At 18:16 UTC flight 007 re-entered Soviet airspace. At 18:22 the Soviet command ordered destruction of the target (for the second time). Two air-to-air missiles were launched by one of the fighters and struck the Boeing at 18:26 (August 31, 03:26 local time September 1). Cabin pressure was lost and the aircraft suffered control problems, causing the Boeing to spiral down and crash into the sea.”
Newspapers
Sep 1: “Washington (AP) — Secretary of State George P. Shultz accused the Soviet Union today of shooting down an unarmed South Korean airliner with a missile. He said the United States ‘reacts with revulsion’ and has demanded an explanation. Shultz said the aircraft strayed into Soviet airspace and was tracked by the Soviets for more than 2½ hours. He said that as many as eight Soviet fighters were involved in the affair.
“‘At 1826 hours, the Soviet pilot’ of one plane ‘reported that he fired a missile and the target was destroyed.’
“Shultz said a Soviet pilot had reported seeing kerosene near the surface where the plane went down about an hour later. He said there was ‘no excuse whatsoever for this appalling act.’ Shultz told reporters at the State Department that President Reagan had been informed.
“Shultz said the United States had called in the Soviet charges overnight to ‘express our grave concern’ and to ‘demand an explanation.’ He also said there was no evidence the Soviets had warned the plane, although he said the plane that fired the missile ‘was close enough for a visual inspection.’ He also said, ‘As far as we could see, thee was no communication between the planes.’
“The plane carried 269 people, including Rep. Larry McDonald, D-Ga. It is believed there were no survivors.
“….Japanese radar indicated the Korean Air Lines jumbo was pursued and shot down at an altitude of about six miles by three MIG-23s about 3:30 a.m. — 2:30 p.m. EDT Wednesday — and plummeted into the Japan Sea….” (Associated Press. “Soviets shoot down jetliner.” Syracuse Herald-Journal, NY 9-1-1983, p. 1.)
Sep 2: “By The Associated Press. President Reagan and members of Congress have united in demands for a full accounting from the Soviet Union for the deaths of more than 260 people aboard a South Korean airliner that was reported shot from the skies near a remote Soviet inland military installation
“The Soviet Union is steadfastly denying any responsibility for the fatal incident, but those denials are being rejected as totally inadequate by the United States and other nations which have erupted in a burst of global outrage….
“U.S. officials said Thursday in detailed accounts that a heat-seeking missile fired by a Soviet SU-15 jet fighter destroyed the unarmed 747 passenger plane, killing all its occupants — including Rep. Larry McDonald, D-Ga., and about 30 other Americans.
“The United States and South Korea demanded an urgent meeting of the U.N. Security Council, which was likely to be convened today….” (AP. “Soviets berated.” Syracuse Herald-Journal, NY, 9-2-1983, p. 1.)
Sep 3: “Washington (AP) — President Reagan, trying to frame a ‘measured response’ to the Soviets over the downing of a Korean airliner and deaths of 269 people aboard, is considering retaliatory steps to ensure safety in the skies for travelers….’the president emphasized that, as of this moment, we have received no satisfactory response from the Soviet Union for their outrageous conduct, that this incident constitutes a violation of the grossest nature of the rights of individuals,’ Speakes[49] said…
“In addition, he quoted the president as saying the families of the dead, including what Korean Air Lines says were 61 Americans, ‘deserve a just restitution for the loss of life.’ That includes financial restitution, as well as an expression of regret from the Soviets, he said….
“Meanwhile, the Federal Aviation Administration in Washington disclosed Friday that it had suspended use of the international air route that the downed plane had flown….Flight 007 was taking the most northern of five parallel flight corridors which constitute one of the busiest commercial air routes between North America and the Orient.
“At the United Nations, the United States on Friday accused the Soviet Union of calculated, deliberate, murder.’” (Associated Press. “Reagan weighs Soviet sanctions.” Syracuse Herald-Journal, NY, 9-3-1983, p. 1.)
Sep 4: “Los Angeles (AP) — Here is a list of 239 of the 240 passengers aboard Korean Air Lines Flight 007, which Secretary of State George Shultz said was shot down by the Soviets. The airline, which released the list from its Los Angeles office, said there were two unidentified infants aboard. One was later identified by relatives and was added to the list by The Associated Press. The Boeing 747 also carried a crew of 29, the airline said. No ages, hometowns or nationalities were provided by the airline, but some details were provided by relatives and associates of people listed as having been aboard the plane….” [We highlight in yellow in the list of victims identified in Rescue 007, those listed in this AP article which note a U.S. residence.]
Sep 4: “New York Times Service. Washington — A South Korean airliner tried to signal it would comply with established interception procedures before it was reportedly shot down in the Sea of Japan by a Soviet jet fighter on Thursday, senior American intelligence officials said Friday [Sep 2]. The officials said a preliminary analysis of communications between Soviet pilots and ground commanders indicated that the pilots of the Korean Boeing 747, which was carrying 269 people from New York to Seoul, were aware of pursuit by Soviet aircraft and followed standard procedures to signal that they were prepared to comply with instructions from the Soviet planes. ‘Soviet communications include conversations that indicate that the Korean plane either rocked its wins, flashed its navigational lights or took some other form of action to show that it knew it was in trouble,’ a senior American intelligence official said.” (Syracuse Herald American and Post-Standard, NY. “Doomed airliner tried to signal its pursuers.” 9-4-1983, p. 1.)
Sources
Associated Press. “Flight 007 victims listed.” Roswell Daily Record, NM, 9-4-1983, p. 37. Accessed 8-22-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/roswell-daily-record-sep-04-1983-p-39/
Associated Press. “List of Yanks aboard airliner.” Wisconsin State Journal, Madison. 9-6-1983, p. 2. Accessed 8-25-2018 at: https://madison.newspaperarchive.com/madison-wisconsin-state-journal/1983-09-06/page-2/
Associated Press. “Reagan weighs Soviet sanctions.” Syracuse Herald-Journal, NY, 9-3-1983, p. 1. Accessed 8-22-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/syracuse-herald-journal-sep-03-1983-p-1/
Associated Press. “Soviets berated. U.S. demands report on jet.” Syracuse Herald-Journal, NY, 9-2-1983, p. 1. Accessed 8-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/syracuse-herald-journal-sep-02-1983-p-1/
Associated Press. “Soviets shoot down jetliner.” Syracuse Herald-Journal, NY 9-1-1983, p. 1. Accessed 8-18-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/syracuse-herald-journal-sep-01-1983-p-65/
Aviation Safety Network. “Criminal Occurrence description….Korean Air Lines.” Flight Safety Foundation. Accessed 8-16-2018 at: https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19830901-0
Hatena Diary, Japan. KAL007, 1-30-2010. Accessed 8-22-2018 at: http://d.hatena.ne.jp/IAFA/201001
New York Times (Albert J. Parisi). “Flight 7 Victims Remembered,” 9-18-1983. Accessed 8-25-2018 at: https://www.nytimes.com/1983/09/18/nyregion/flight-7-victims-remembered.html
People Weekly (Peter Carlson and William Plummer). “Faces of Flight 007.” 9-19-1983. Accessed 8-26-2018 at: https://people.com/archive/cover-story-faces-of-flight-007-vol-20-no-12/%20%20People%20Magazine/
Rescue 007. “Passengers” Accessed 8-16-2018 at: http://www.rescue007.org/passengers.htm
Syracuse Herald American and Post-Standard, NY. “Doomed airliner tried to signal its pursuers.” 9-4-1983, p. 1. Accessed 8-16-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/syracuse-herald-american-sep-04-1983-p-1/
Wikipedia. “Korean Air Lines Flight 007.” 8-14-2018 edit. Accessed 8-16-2018 at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007
[1] By a “resident” we mean a person other than a U.S. national who was legally residing in the U.S. at the time.
[2] Associated Press. “Reagan weighs Soviet sanctions.” Syracuse Herald-Journal, NY, 9-3-1983, p. 1.
[3] Associated Press. “List of Yanks aboard airliner.” Wisconsin State Journal, Madison. 9-6-1983, p. 2.
[4] From Rescue007.org. Notes: “This passenger list is compiled from various sources, primarily being the Associated Press list published September 4, 1983, the Korean national cemetery list, and the Passenger Manifest given to the FBI by Korean Airlines.”
[5] Going back to Thailand where her husband, a Thai civil engineer, lived. Son, Sammy, had been born in the U.S. (People. “Faces of Flight 007,” 9-19-1983.)
[6] Not on Sep 6 AP list of 61 Americans killed (citing Secretary of State George Shultz as source).
[7] Not on Sep 6 AP list of 61 Americans killed (citing Secretary of State George Shultz as source).
[8] Auto worker off on “16-day Asian excursion” with five other women. (People. “Faces of Flight 007,” 9-19-1983.)
[9] On Sep 6 AP list of 61 Americans killed (citing Secretary of State George Shultz as source). Rescue007.org notes Philippines as “Country” not the U.S.
[10] The Sep 4 AP list we cite shows an Old Saybrook, CT address. Both the Rescue 007 and the Hatena Diary sites note Taiwan as home address.
[11] Retired beauty salon owner, was on way to Tokyo to visit a pen pal. (People. “Faces of Flight 007,” 9-19-1983.)
[12] Sep 4 AP list we cite does not note location of residence or nationality. Not on Sep 6 list of 61 Americans killed.
[13] On Sep 6 AP list of 61 Americans killed (citing Secretary of State George Shultz as source).
[14] On Sep 6 AP list of 61 Americans killed (citing Secretary of State George Shultz as source).
[15] On Sep 6 AP list of 61 Americans killed (citing Secretary of State George Shultz as source).
[16] On Sep 6 AP list of 61 Americans killed (citing Secretary of State George Shultz as source). This list notes Manila as residence. The Rescue007.org list notes Philippines as “Country” not the U.S.
[17] People. “Faces of Flight 007,” 9-19-1983. Notes he left behind in Queens, his wife, Olga, 30, a daughter, Olivia, 3, and a son, Alexander, 3-weeks. Also notes he “spent part of his last night in New York filling out the papers necessary to become a permanent United States resident.”
[18] The Sep 4 AP list we cite notes New York, NY as address. Not on Sep 6 Shultz list of 61 Americans killed.
[19] Rescue007.org notes Bangkok Thailand as home country. The Sep 4 AP article notes Jersey City, NJ, as address.
[20] Listed here in that the Sep 4 AP article we cite notes New York, NY as residence.
[21] The dressmaker was accompanying her fried Marie Culp to Tokyo. (People. “Faces of Flight 007,” 9-19-1983.) Only on this flight because the two had missed an earlier Pan Am flight to NY after going to the wrong terminal.
[22] Rescue007.org notes Korea as home. The Sep 4 AP article we cite notes New York, NY.
[23] Rescue007.org notes Korea as home country. The Sep 4 AP article we cite notes New York, NY. For Jinh Kim.
[24] Both the AP and Rescue007.org note NY as city of residence. Rescue007.org notes Philippines as home country.
[25] Sep 4 AP list has name as Mr. Eunh Yung Lee, 36, Detroit.
[26] Sep 4 AP list has name as Mr. Inho Lee, 23, Jersey City, NJ.
[27] Sep 4 AP list has name as Kwih Lee, 9, Detroit.
[28] Sep 4 AP list has name as Seong Lee, 13, Detroit.
[29] “Columbia University research associate Dr. Jong Jin Lim, 51, of the Ophthalmology Department of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, was returning home with his brother, Jong Chull Lim, for their mother’s funeral.
[30] The Sep 4 AP list notes address as New Milford, NY and does not mention Korea as nationality. Rescue007.org notes address as New Milford, NJ and Korea as “Country.” A New York Times Sep 18 article, “Flight 7 Victims Remembered,” by Albert J. Parisi, notes a number of involvements within the NJ Korean community including service as a volunteer director of a Korean school in Tenafly, NJ for ten years. Congressional Representative Robert G. Torricelli was at his memorial service and the article writes about how the USSR “has ignored State Department demands for financial compensation for the families of Americans killed in the disaster…” Clearly Dr. Lim was a long-time U.S. resident. We are unclear as to whether he was born in Korea, moved to the US and became a citizen.
[31] Business trip “to repair a computer system”. (People. “Faces of Flight 007,” 9-19-1983.)
[32] The Sep 4 AP list notes only NY, NY. The Rescue007.org list does not note NY, NY, instead noting Taiwan. Not on Sep 6 AP list of 61 Americans killed, citing Secretary of State George Schultz as source.
[33] Democratic Congressman from Georgia and chair of the John Birch Society. On way to Korea “to be part of an official six-member Congressional delegation representing the United States at a Seoul conference to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the defense treaty between the two nations.” (People. “Faces of Flight 007,” 9-19-1983.)
[34] Sep 4 AP list notes address as South Korea. Rescue007.org list notes Korea as “State” and USA as “Country.” A Sep 6 AP article lists Mrs. Chong Metcalf and Christa Gayle Metcalf (3), in “List of Yanks aboard airliner.” (Wisconsin State Journal, Madison).
[35] On Sep 6 list of 61 Americans killed, citing Secretary of State George Schultz.
[36] Not on Sep 6 AP list of 61 Americans killed (citing Secretary of State George Shultz as source).
[37] Mother of Cecilia and Corazon. On way to Manila, Philippines to attend a funeral. Not on Sep 6 AP list of 61 Americans killed (citing Secretary of State George Shultz as source), though daughters are listed.
[38] Law-school grad going to China to study Chinese and law for a year. (People. “Faces of Flight 007,” 9-19-1983.)
[39] On way to sister’s wedding in Korea. People (“Faces of Flight 007,” 9-19-1983), notes he “had settled in Audubon, Pa. in 1976 to pursue a career with an electronics firm.”
[40] Had just passed exams in order to practice in the U.S. Was going to visit relatives on a two-week vacation.
[41] On Sep 6 AP list of 61 Americans killed (citing Secretary of State George Shultz as source).
[42] On way to funeral in the Philippines.
[43] On trip to visit parents un Seoul, South Korea, where father worked as civilian employee of the U.S. Army. Left daughter, Alicia, 2, and son Todd, 6, behind with friends and relatives. (People. “Faces of Flight 007,” 9-19-1983.)
[44] Judge note is from: People. “Faces of Flight 007,” 9-19-1983.
[45] Expatriates returning to home near Osaka. (People. “Faces of Flight 007,” 9-19-1983.)
[46] Notes that on September 19 she was to “be moving to a new job, heading up an occupational therapy unit at Scottish Rite Hospital for Crippled Children in Atlanta.” (People. “Faces of Flight 007,” 9-19-1983.)
[47] Travel agent who “had recruited five other Detroit women for a 16-day Asian excursion, touching down in Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong.” (People. “Faces of Flight 007,” 9-19-1983.)
[48] Sakhalin Island is east off the then Soviet (now Russian) coast and 28 miles north of Japanese Island of Hokkaido.
[49] Chief presidential spokesman, Larry Speakes.