2006 – Excessive Natural Heat, esp. CA/194, AZ/169, NY/148, TX/106, IL/51, PA/50 –1,104
Compiled by Wayne Blanchard; last edit 2-28-2024 for upload to: http://www.usdeadlyevents.com/
–1104 Blanchard tally from State Breakouts below. (Basically CDC except for AZ, NY, TX.)
–1006 Hurt, Alyson (NPR), citing National Center for Health Statistics, in Huang, 8-26-2023.
(Cites CDC National Center for Health Statistics.)
— 987 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, Census Regions, T67 (heat and light).
–136 Northeast –164 Midwest –317 South –370 West
— 978 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, HHS Regions, T67 (heat and light).*
[*Our number – no total given. Regions 1 & 8 do not show, meaning there were
fewer than 10.] Any deaths in Regions not showing will be in addition to 530 number.]
— ? HHS Region #1 CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, VT [not shown if less than ten]
— 77 HHS Region #2 NJ, NY
–119 HHS Region #3 DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, WV
–101 HHS Region #4 AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN
–112 HHS Region #5 IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, WI
–153 HHS Region #6 AR, LA, NM, OK, TX
— 49 HHS Region #7 IA, KS, MO, NE
— 13 HHS Region #8 CO, MT, ND, SD, UT
–334 HHS Region #9 AZ, CA, HI, NV
— 20 HHS Region #10 AK, IS, OR, WA
— 953 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, Census Regions, X30 (excessive natural heat).
–135 Northeast –160 Midwest –294 South –365 West
— 945 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, HHS Regions, X30 (excessive natural heat).
[*Our number – no total given. Regions 1 & 8 do not show, meaning there were
fewer than 10.] Any deaths in Regions not showing will be in addition to 530 number.]
— ? HHS Region #1 CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, VT [not shown if less than ten]
— 76 HHS Region #2 NJ, NY
–116 HHS Region #3 DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, WV
— 92 HHS Region #4 AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN
–108 HHS Region #5 IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, WI
–142 HHS Region #6 AR, LA, NM, OK, TX
— 49 HHS Region #7 IA, KS, MO, NE
— 13 HHS Region #8 CO, MT, ND, SD, UT
–330 HHS Region #9 AZ, CA, HI, NV
— 19 HHS Region #10 AK, IS, OR, WA
— 935 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, Census Regions, T67 and X30.
–133 Northeast –159 Midwest –286 South –357 West
— 926 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, HHS Regions, X30 and T67 search.*
[*Our number – no total given. Regions 1 & 8 do not show, meaning there were
fewer than 10.] Any deaths in Regions not showing will be in addition to 530 number.]
— ? HHS Region #1 CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, VT [not shown if less than ten]
— 75 HHS Region #2 NJ, NY
–114 HHS Region #3 DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, WV
— 88 HHS Region #4 AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN
–108 HHS Region #5 IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, WI
–139 HHS Region #6 AR, LA, NM, OK, TX
— 48 HHS Region #7 IA, KS, MO, NE
— 13 HHS Region #8 CO, MT, ND, SD, UT
–324 HHS Region #9 AZ, CA, HI, NV
— 17 HHS Region #10 AK, IS, OR, WA
— 914 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
— 878 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, Census Division, T67 (heat and light).
— ? Division 1 [No data presented.]
–127 Division 2. Middle Atlantic
–109 Division 3. East North Central
— 55 Division 4. West North Central
–131 Division 5. South Atlantic
— 39 Division 6. East South Central
–147 Division 7. West South Central
–158 Division 8. Mountain
–212 Division 9. Pacific
— ? Division 10 [No data presented.]
— 875 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).*
[*Our number – no total given. State numbers do not show if there were
fewer than 10.] Any deaths in States not showing will be in addition to 875 number.]
— 622 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause, States, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).*
— 253 National Weather Service. 2006 Heat Related Fatalities. “…State and Location.”
–>225 Wikipedia. “2006 North American heat wave.” 3-26-2015 mod. (Includes Canada.)
–>200 July 28-Aug 4. AP. “Cooler air brings relief…heat.” Daily Globe, Ironwood MI, 8-5-2006.
— 53 Worker contact with temperature extremes. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 1, p. 7.
— 29 Null, Jan. 2006 Hyperthermia Deaths of Children in Vehicles. Golden Gate Weather.
*Blanchard note on sources: Ours, by necessity, is a compilation from several sources.
(1) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER database underlying and multiple cause of death searches for T67 and X30. These suffer, however, from the fact that the CDC does not show deaths in Census or DHS Regions or States or Counties if the loss is less than ten. These deaths, therefore are unknown to us unless found in another source.
(2) The National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Internet searches via the Storm Events Database can be queried. For “heat,” one has to do two searches – one for “excessive heat” and one for “heat.” Frequently the entries in one seem similar to ones in the other. The NCDC also publishes Storm Data, a monthly, electronically accessible.
(3) The National Weather Service, another NOAA entity, publishes tables on heat fatalities. Their figures differ from NCDC figures. None of the NOAA sources is comprehensive for two subsets – children in vehicles and workers, though one can find references to each. Both generally show fewer deaths than CDC Wonder in that primarily what is noted are “direct” deaths attributable to high natural heat (Underlying Cause of Death in CDC parlance). This is the case even for CDC Wonder searches for excessive heat as an underlying cause of death.
(4) For coverage of children dying in cars due to excessive heat exposure we rely on Jan Null and KidsAndCars.org).
(5) OSHA provides more comprehensive coverage of worker heat-related fatalities
(6) Newspaper archives, particularly when looking for end-of-heat-season statements by State Offices of Chief Medical Examiners. Frequently their numbers differ markedly (upward) from CDC, NCDC or NWS figures.
(7) State, County or local Public Heath or Vital Statistic entities (again higher numbers generally noted than can be found in CDC Wonder.
Note on ICDC Codes used in CDC Wonder Online Database above and below: We use the T67 and X30 codes described below. We use them independently in the “Census Region,” “HHS Region” and “State” locations in the search page. There are two “boxes” to search – ?Underlying Cause of Death” and “Multiple Causes of Death” – the higher numbers are to be found when using the Multiple Causes of Death option for “Census Region.”)
T67 Effects of heat and light
T67.0 (Heatstroke and sunstroke);
T67.1 (Heat syncope); heat syncope [fainting]; factors include dehydration and lack of acclimatization.
T67.2 (Heat cramp);
T67.3 (Heat exhaustion, anhydrotic); [Note: T67 codes are in the class of “multiple
T67.4 (Heat exhaustion due to salt depletion); cause of death,” meaning, usually, that heat
T67.5 (Heat exhaustion, unspecified); contributed to or combined with another
T67.6 (Heat fatigue, transient); cause of death – such as a heart condition.]
T67.7 (Heat oedema);
T67.8 (Other effects of heat and light);
T67.9 (Effect of heat and light, unspecified)
X30 Exposure to excessive natural heat; hyperthermia. [Underlying (or primary) cause of death.]
Summary of Breakout of Fatalities by State and DC
Arizona 169 AZ DPH in KJZZ 91.5. “Big Drop in Heat-Related Deaths in 2014.” 5-8-2015.
Arkansas 12 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat, light).
California 194 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat, light).
Delaware 2
DC 2
Florida 26 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat, light).
Georgia 12 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat, light).
Illinois 51 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat, light).
Indiana 12 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat, light).
Iowa 1
Kansas 20 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat, light).
Kentucky 1
Louisiana 14 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat, light).
Maryland 44 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat, light).
Massachusetts 1
Michigan 22 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat, light).
Minnesota 3
Mississippi 12 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat, light).
Missouri 25 NWS, Kansas City, MO. Summer Weather Safety. “[MO] Heat Related Deaths.”
Nevada 31 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat, light).
New Jersey 17 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat, light).
New York ~148 Blanchard tally: NYC and Long Island, July-Aug.
North Carolina 12 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat, light).
North Dakota 1
Ohio 14 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (natural heat).
Oklahoma 38 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 (natural heat).
Pennsylvania 50 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat, light).
South Carolina 12 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat, light).
South Dakota 1
Tennessee 14 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (natural heat).
Texas 106 TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.”
Virginia 15 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat, light).
Washington 11 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat, light).
Wisconsin 10 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat, light).
Total: 1,104
Breakout of Fatalities by State and DC
Arizona (169)
–205 BNHR. 2006 Report on Migrant Deaths at the U.S.-Mexico Border. Nov 2006, p. 2.[1]
–169 Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.[2]
–169 KJZZ 91.5, AZ (Jung). “Big Drop in Arizona Heat-Related Deaths in 2014.” 5-8-2015.[3]
–137 AZ DHS. Deaths from Exposure to Excessive Natural Heat…in AZ 1992-2009. 2014, 4.[4]
–49 Illegal immigrants crossing from Mexico into Arizona.[5] (pp. 3 and 5)
–15 Other U.S. states.[6]
–63 Arizona residents. (Figure 2, p. 5.)
–10 Unknown. Table 1, p. 15.[7]
–110 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).
–108 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67 (heat and light).
— 78 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (excessive natural heat), 8-28-2016.
Breakout of Arizona heat exposure fatalities by county. (AZ DHS, Table 1, p. 16)
— 1 Apache
— 1 Cochise
–53 Maricopa[8]
— 1 Mohave
— 1 Navajo
–50 Pima
— 4 Pinal
— 7 Santa Cruz
— 1 Yavapai
–14 Yuma[9]
— 4 La Paz
— 85 Maricopa Co. (“Confirmed”). Berisha. Maricopa C. Dept. of Public Health, 2013, p. 13.[10]
— 75 Maricopa County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat and light).
— 12 Pima County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat and light).
— 10 Yuma County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat and light).
— 1 Tucson, June 21. Jesse Hayes, 10; Trapped himself in neighbor’s unlocked inoperable SUV.[11]
— 0 State, year. NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Arizona, Jan 1-Dec 31 search.
Arkansas ( 12)
–12 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
–11 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).
—>5 Arkansas Department of Health. “ADH Warns of Heat Related Illness,” Aug 2011, p. 2.[12]
— 2 Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.
— 1 National Weather Service. 2006 Heat Related Fatalities. “…By State and Location.”
— 1 Carroll County, Aug 9-10. Male, 29, collapsed while working outside.[13]
— 1 DeQueen, June 22. Zachary Bowden, 14-months; left by mother in vehicle ~4 hrs.[14]
California (194) [Highlighting in Yellow indicates not included in tabulation.]
— 194 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
— 184 CA Dept. of Public Health. “Table 5. Heat-related deaths, 2000-2011 (Crude Rates).”
— 188 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).
— 655 July. Altman et al. Killer Summer Heat (NRDC Issue Brief). May 2012, p. 1.[15]
–160-333 July. Cal. Climate Change Ctr. Estimating…Mortality…July 2006…” 2009, p. 10.[16]
–215-505 July. Cal. Climate Change Ctr. Estimating…Mortality…July 2006…” 2009, p. 10.[17]
— 188 July 15-26. CA Climate Change Ctr. Estimating…Mortality…July 2006…” 2009, 7[18]
— 209 July 15-31. CA Climate Change Ctr. Estimating…Mortality…July 2006…” 2009, 7[19]
— 243 July 15-26. CA Climate Change Ctr. Estimating…Mortality…July 2006…” 2009, 7[20]
— 260 July 15-31. CA Climate Change Ctr. Estimating…Mortality…July 2006…” 2009, 7[21]
— 206 July 15-26. CA Climate Change Ctr. Estimating…Mortality…July 2006…” 2009, 7[22]
— 330 July 15-31. CA Climate Change Ctr. Estimating…Mortality…July 2006…” 2009, 7[23]
— 248 July 15-26. CA Climate Change Ctr. Estimating…Mortality…July 2006…” 2009, 7[24]
— 397 July 15-31. CA Climate Change Ctr. Estimating…Mortality…July 2006…” 2009, 7[25]
— 160 July 15-26. CA Climate Change Ctr. Estimating…Mortality…July 2006…” 2009, 7[26]
— 215 July 15-31. CA Climate Change Ctr. Estimating…Mortality…July 2006…” 2009, 7[27]
–140-600 Margolis, et al. “2006 Cal. Heat Wave High Death Toll…” Epidemiology, 11-2008[28]
— 350 Muzio. “Top 10 weather events in modern Kern County history.” KBAK, 11-30-2011.
— 164 July 23-29. Wikipedia. “2006 North American heat wave.” 3-26-2015 modification.[29]
— >150 Blanchard addition of coroner reports for July and NCDC reports outside July.[30]
— ~147 Cal. Climate Change Ctr. Estimating the Mortality Effect of the July 2006…” 2009.[31]
— 140 July 15-Aug 1. Trent. Review of July 2006 Heat Wave…Fatalities in [CA]. May 2007, 2.[32]
— 126 San Francisco Chronicle. “California Heat Wave was state’s deadliest.” 7-29, 2006.
— 124 CDC WONDER. ICD-10, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat) search, 8-28-2016
— >100 Central Valley. NYT. “In California, Heat is Blamed for 100 Deaths,” 7-28-2006.
— 65 National Weather Service. 2006 Heat Related Fatalities. “…By State and Location.”
–46 NCDC/NOAA. Storm Events Database, Excessive Heat, California, 16 Jul 2006.
–16 NCDC/NOAA. Storm Events Database, Excessive Heat, California, 21 Jul 2006.
Breakout by California Localities.
— 2 Apple and Yucca Valleys, July 21-27. Male, 84, perm. home; female, 65, mobile home.[33]
— 1 Coachella Valley, July 21-27. Male, 50, outside. NCDC, Storm Events Database, heat, CA.
–26 Fresno Co., July. CCCC. Estimating the Mortality Effect of the July 2006… 2009, p. 5.[34]
–24 “ “ CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat and light).
–22 “ “ ~July 15-27. NYT. “In California, Heat is Blamed for 100 Deaths,” 7-28-2006.[35]
–11 Imperial Co., July. CCCC. Estimating the Mortality Effect of the July 2006… 2009, p. 5.[36]
–18 Kern County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat and light).
–15 “ “ July. CCCC. Estimating the Mortality Effect of the July 2006… 2009, p5.[37]
–21 Los Angeles County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat and light).
— 5 “ “ “ July. CCCC. Estimating…Mortality Effect of…July 2006… 2009, p. 5.[38]
— 1 Los Angeles, Aug 11. Heatstroke, 1st day on job removing/replacing furnace coke plates.[39]
— 6 Merced Co. July. CCCC. Estimating the Mortality Effect of the July 2006… 2009, p. 5.[40]
— 1 Napa County, July 21-25. NCDC Storm Events Database. Heat, CA, No. Bay Interior Val.
–12 Riverside County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat and light).
–14 Sacramento County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat and light).
–13 “ “ July. CCCC. Estimating…Mortality Effect of…July 2006… 2009, p. 5.[41]
— 3 San Diego County Mountains, July 21-27. Males, 20, 33, and 52, all outdoors.[42]
–12 San Bernardino County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat, light).
–10 “ “ “ July. CCCC. Estimating…Mortality Effect of…July 2006… 2009, p. 5.[43]
–10 “ “ “ Valley, July 21-27. NCDC. Storm Events Database, Heat, CA.
Male, 27, permanent home. Male, 30, business. Male 45, outside.
Male, 51, permanent home. Male, 44, other. Female, 53, permanent home.
Male, 53, permanent home. Male, 84, other. Male, 80, other.
Male, 49, vehicle/towed trailer.
— 1 San Joaquin Valley (Central and South), June 22-30. Female, 64, permanent home.[44]
–24 San Joaquin County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat and light).
–17 San Joaquin County. July. CCCC. Estimating…Mortality Effect of…July 2006… 2009, p. 5.[45]
–30 San Joaquin Valley (East Central), July 16-27. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat, CA.
Male, 38, other. Male, 40, outside. Female, 66, other. Male, 58, home.
Male, 50, other. Male, 42, outside. Female, 68, home. Male, 68, home.
Male, 51, other. Male, 49, outside. Female, 72, other. Male, 76, home.
Male, 53, other. Male, 56, outside. Female, 72, home. Male, 77, home.
Male, 63, other. Male, 74, outside. Female, 75, mobile home.
Male, 68, other. Male, 76, camping. Female, 82, home. Male, 79, home.
Male, 70, other. Male, 83, home. Female, 86, home. Male, 85, home.
Male, 86, home. Male, 88, home. Female, 90, home.
–16 San Joaquin Valley (Southeast), July 16-27. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat, CA.
Male, 38, other. Female, 47, outside. Male, 49, outside. Male, 60, other.
Male, 53, other. Female, 52, other. Male, 68, home. Male, 60, other.
Male, 55, other. Female, 77, other. Male, 82, home. Male, 83, home.
Male, 58, other. Female, 77, home. Male, 83, home. Female, 86, home.
–11 San Joaquin Valley, not otherwise noted for Interior California, July 16-27.[46]
— 1 San Jose, July 20-25. Male, 21, “very hot weather” spell.[47]
–24 Stanislaus County. July. CCCC. Estimating…Mortality Effect of…July 2006… 2009, p. 5.[48]
–22 “ “ CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat and light).
— 1 Taft, Aug 24. Heat exhaustion; lath operator with plastering crew, hot ~100° day.[49]
Delaware ( 2)
— 2 National Weather Service. 2006 Heat Related Fatalities. “…By State and Location.”
–1 Dover, Kent County, Aug 2. Excessive heat; male, 55 outside.[50]
–1 Dover, Kent County, Aug 2. Excessive heat; male, 55 outside.[51]
District of Columbia ( 2)
— 2 National Weather Service. 2006 Heat Related Fatalities. “…By State and Location.”
— 2 Aug 1-3. Male, 44, and female, 44, both outside.[52]
Florida (26)
–26 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
–24 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).
–16 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).
— 4 Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.
— 1 National Weather Service. 2006 Heat Related Fatalities. “…By State and Location.”
Breakout of Florida Heat Fatalities by Locality:
— 1 Hillsborough, July 21. Heatstroke; boy, 11, during football practice.[53]
— 1 Lake Worth, April 29. Heatstroke; Seanna Lopez, 14-months; forgot by father in car.[54]
— 1 Mossy Head, Aug 25. Carolyn Ann Martin, 23-months; left in pickup by mother ~1 hr.[55]
— 1 Stuart, Aug 10. Harold Lima, 21-months; left in hot truck several hrs. by mother; 91° day.[56]
Georgia (12)
–12 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
–11 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).
— 1 National Weather Service. 2006 Heat Related Fatalities. “…By State and Location.”
— 1 Conyers, Rockdale Co. High School, July 31. Heatstroke; male 15, after football practice.[57]
— 1 Valdosta, Aug 31. Dejuan (or Duwane) Ramsey, 1-month; foster mother left in van 8 hrs.[58]
Illinois (51)
–51 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
–51 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).
–45 Blanchard tally of locality breakouts below.
–43 National Weather Service. 2006 Heat Related Fatalities. “…By State and Location.”
–42 NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Jan 1-Dec 31, 2006 search.
–17 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).
Breakout of Illinois Heat-Related Fatalities by Locality (where noted):
–41 Cook County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat and light).
–10 Cook Co. CDC Wonder. Underlying cause of death, County, X30 excessive natural heat.
— 1 Cook County, Chicago, May 30. Heat stress; male, 35, permanent home; temps in 90’s.[59]
— 9 Cook Co., Chicago, July 15-17. First heat wave of summer for Chicago area.[60]
Female, 62, permanent home. Male, 52, permanent home. Male, 56, permanent home.
Female, 53, permanent home. Male, 59, permanent home. Male, 60, permanent home.
Female, 78, permanent home. Female, 79, permanent home. Male, 63, permanent home.
— 4 Cook Co., Chicago, July 28-31. NCDC, Storm Events Database, Heat, IL, Cook, July 28-31
Female, 1, home. Male, 51, home. Male, 28, home. Male, 51, home.
–24 Cook County, Aug 1-2. NCDC, Storm Events Database. Heat, IL, Cook, Aug 1-2, 2006.
Male, 82, permanent home. Male, 59, permanent home. Male, 59, permanent home.
Male, 85, permanent home. Female, 73, permanent home. Male, 47, permanent home.
Male, 67, permanent home. Female, 89, permanent home. Male, 75, permanent home.
Male, 88, permanent home. Female, 58, permanent home. Female, 48, permanent home
Male, 44, permanent home. Male, 44, permanent home. Female, 55, permanent home
Male, 68, permanent home. Male, 89, permanent home. Male, 87, permanent home.
Male, 75, permanent home. Male, 63, permanent home. Male, 57, permanent home.
Male, 61, permanent home. Male, 84, permanent home. Male, 76, permanent home.
— 1 Edwardsville, Madison County, Aug 1-2. Male, 80, permanent home.[61]
— 1 Mapleton, Peoria County, July 30-31. Male, 39, mobile home with no air conditioning.[62]
— 1 Rockford, Winnebago County, Aug 1-2. Male, 75, after being taken to a hospital.[63]
— 1 St. Clair County, July 29-31. Male, 75, permanent home.[64]
Indiana (12)
–12 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
–11 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).
–10 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).
— 1 Michigan City, Indiana State Prison, ~Aug 2. Inmate in mostly un-air-conditioned prison.[65]
— 1 South Bend, July 15. Abraham Barlue, 3; got into grandmother’s car in “sweltering…heat.”[66]
— 0 State. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat, Indiana, All Counties, Jan 1-Dec 31, 2006.
Iowa ( 1)
— 1 National Weather Service. 2006 Heat Related Fatalities. “…By State and Location.”
— 1 Des Moines, Polk County, July 17. Female, 83, in back yard; temperature reached 100°.[67]
Kansas (20)
–20 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
–20 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).
–18 July 12-Aug 9. KS DHE. “Heat Related Deaths Studied.” KS Health Statistics Rpt., #33, May 2007, 10.[68]
–16 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).
— 9 Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.
— 5 National Weather Service. 2006 Heat Related Fatalities. “…By State and Location.”
— 2 Coffeyville, Montgomery Co., July 16-20. One officially recognized, one unofficially.[69]
— 1 Iola, Allen County, July 16-20. Male, 68, permanent home.[70]
— 1 Topeka, Aug 2. Vidal Vela, 23-months; grandmother forgot and left him in minivan.[71]
— 5 Wichita, Sedgwick Co., July 16-20. Three officially recognized and two unofficial.[72]
Male, 64, outside; male, 56, permanent home; and male, 65, “other.”
Kentucky ( 1)
— 1 Grange City, Aug 2. Kaleb Davis, 18-months; left by mother in hot van.[73]
— 0 State. NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Kentucky, All Counties, Jan 1-Dec 31.
Louisiana (14)
–14 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
–11 Louisiana DHH. Heat Stress: Hospital Admissions…and Deaths in Louisiana. 2012, p. 9.[74]
–10 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).
— 2 NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat, Louisiana, All Counties, Jan 1-Dec 31.
— 1 National Weather Service. 2006 Heat Related Fatalities. “…By State and Location.”
— 1 Bossier Parish, June 12. Heatstroke; male, after onset of symptoms while doing yard work.[75]
— 1 Bossier Parish, Aug 8. Male, 75, un-air-conditioned and hot home; temp. reached 97° outside.[76]
— 1 Shreveport, Aug 15. Michael John Dupaquier, 2; left in car by father on hot day ~9 hrs.[77]
Maryland (44)
–44 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
–44 MD StateStat. “Heat-Related Deaths.” From MD DPSCS / DLLR meeting, 11-22-2011.[78]
–42 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).
–39 Baltimore Sun. “15 Md. heat-related deaths tallied this summer, lowest since 2009.” 9-17-2013.
–39 Baltimore Sun (Scott Dance). “Four more died in heat, state health officials say.” 8-7-2012.[79]
–11 Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.
–10 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).
— 9 National Weather Service. 2006 Heat Related Fatalities. “…By State and Location.”
Breakout of Maryland heat-related fatalities by locality.
–21 Baltimore City, CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat and light).
— 4 Baltimore, Aug 1-3. NCDC Storm Events Database, Heat, MD, So. Baltimore, Aug 1-3.
Female, 78, permanent home. Male, 81, permanent home.
Female, 87, permanent home. Male, 90, permanent home.
— 1 Calvert County, July 18. NCDC Storm Events Database, Heat, MD, Calvert, July 18, 2006.
— 1 Carroll County, July 18. NCDC Storm Events Database, Heat, MD, Carroll, July 18, 2006.
— 1 Harford County, Aug 1-3. NCDC Storm Events Database, Heat, MD, Harford, Aug 1-3.
— 1 Howard County, Aug 1-3. Male, 65. NCDC Storm Events Database, Heat, MD, Howard.
— 1 Prince Georges County, July 18. NCDC Storm Events Database, Heat, MD, Prince Georges.
— 2 Localities not noted, July 18. (These are in addition to 3 noted and are noted as indirect.)[80]
Massachusetts ( 1)
— 1 North Dighton, Reed Brothers Farm, Aug 3. Heat exhaustion; male farm worker.[81]
— 0 State. NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Massachusetts, All Counties, 2006.
Michigan (22)
–22 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
–19 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).
Minnesota ( 3)
— 3 Minn. Dept. of Health. Heat-related Deaths: Facts & Figures, 2000-2013 (webpage).[82]
— 1 Osage, July 31. Katherine Lynn Larson, 3; wandered into hot vehicle for over 1 hour.[83]
— 1 State. NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Minnesota, All Counties, 2006.
Mississippi (12)
–12 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
–12 MS State Dept. of Health. Mississippi Morbidity Report, Vol. 24, No. 8, Aug 2008, p. 1.[84]
–10 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).
— 1 National Weather Service. 2006 Heat Related Fatalities. “…By State and Location.”
— 1 Kosciusko, Aug 17. Amila Denise Hubbard, 2; got into grandmother’s van; 98° day.[85]
— 1 Tupelo, July 13. Excessive heat; male construction worker, mid 40s; heat indices ~105.[86]
Missouri (25)
–25 NWS CRH, Kansas City, MO. Summer Weather Safety. “[MO] Heat Related Deaths.”[87]
–21 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
–21 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).
–19 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).
–17 Blanchard tally of heat-related MO fatalities based on localities noted below.
–16 National Weather Service. 2006 Heat Related Fatalities. “…By State and Location.”
Breakout of Missouri Heat-Related Fatalities by Locality (where noted):
— 4 Jackson Co., July 16-20. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat, MO, Jackson, July 16-20.
–1 Male, 9, vehicle/towed trailer.[88] –1 Female, permanent home.
–1 Male, 67, permanent home. –1 Male, 92, permanent home.
— 1 Jefferson County, July 14-21. Male, 93, permanent home.[89]
— 1 Kansas City, July 3. Jesse Snyder, 9; locked himself accidentally in trunk of mother’s car.[90]
— 1 Poplar Bluff, July 19-21. Male, 78, home without air conditioner; windows closed.[91]
— 4 St. Louis City, July 13-21. Major heat wave; temps. ranged mid-90s to ~100°.[92]
–Female, 93, permanent home. –Male, 49, permanent home.
–Male, 56, permanent home. –Male, 78, permanent home.
— 2 St. Louis County, July 14-21. Major heat wave; temps. ranged mid-90s to ~100°.[93]
–Male, 60, permanent home. –Male, 54, permanent home.
— 1 St. Louis City, July 29-31. Female, 71, at a school.[94]
— 1 St. Louis City, Aug 7. Female, 87, her backyard on 95° day; body temp almost 110°.[95]
— 2 Worth County, Aug 1-2. Males, 58 and 62 in permanent homes.[96]
Nevada ( 31)
–31 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
–31 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).
–30 Clark County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat and light).
New Jersey ( 17)
–17 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
–16 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).
— 2 National Weather Service. 2006 Heat Related Fatalities. “…By State and Location.”
— 2 Newark, Essex Co., Aug 1-3. Couple, male, 66, female, 65, un-air-conditioned apartment.[97]
New York (~148)
–~148 Blanchard tally: NYC, July 16-18 (6) and July 27-Aug 5 (~140), and Long Island (2).
— 60 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
— 60 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).
— 56 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (excessive natural heat) search.
–13 Kings County
–12 New York County
–16 Queens County
–13 Locality not noted (CDC WONDER suppresses data if death toll is less than ten).
— 6 NY City, July 16-18. NYT. “Heat Wave was a Factor in 140 Deaths…” 11-16-2006.[98]
–1 Queens. Heat stroke; person living in a vehicle.
–~140 NY City, July 27-Aug 5. NYT. “Heat Wave was a Factor in 140 Deaths…” 11-16-2006.[99]
— 42 National Weather Service. 2006 Heat Related Fatalities. “…By State and Location.”
Breakout by locality where explicitly identified.
–13 Kings County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat and light).
— 1 Long Island, Nassau, Hempstead, Aug 1-3. Female, 83, permanent home.[100]
— 1 Long Island, Southwest Suffolk, Aug 1-3. Male, 64, permanent home.[101]
–40 New York City, Aug 1-3:
— 3 Bronx. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat, NY, Brooklyn, Aug 1-3, 2006.
Male, 60. Male, 46. Male, 40.
–14 Brooklyn (Kings). NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat, NY, Brooklyn, Aug 1-3.
Female, 47. Female, 60. Male, 33. Male, 42. Male, 60.
Male, 74. Female, 71. Female, 62. Female, 93. Male, 47.
Male, 63. Female, 82. Female, 86. Female, 90.
— 9 Manhattan, NYC. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat, NY, Manhattan, Aug 1-3
Female, 65, other. Male, 83, other. Male, 59, other.
Female, 74, other. Male, 65, other. Male, 46, other.
Male, 52, other. Male, 65, other. Male, 52, other.
–14 Queens, NYC. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat, NY, Brooklyn, Aug 1-3, 2006.
Male, 54. Male, 67, Male, 82. Male, 52. Female, 84. Female, 91. Female, 99. Female, 89. Male, 56. Male, 45.
Male, 72. Female, 93. Female, 89. Male, 67.
–12 New York County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat and light).
–16 Queens County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat and light).
North Carolina (12)
–12 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
–12 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).
— 4 Jan Null on heat deaths of young children in vehicles.
— 0 NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, North Carolina, All Counties, 2006.
— 1 Dunn, Aug 4. Heat Exhaustion; male tobacco laborer complained of heat Aug 3, taken to hosp.[102]
— 3 Forest City, Nov 10. Twin girls, 2 and sister, 4; in mother’s car.[103]
North Dakota ( 1)
— 1 Grand Forks, June 28. Kate Boe, 5-months; left by mother in “sweltering minivan all day…”[104]
— 0 State. NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, North Dakota, All Counties, 2006.
Ohio (14)
–14 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).
–13 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
–11 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).
Oklahoma (38)
–38 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).
–37 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
–30 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).
–27 Blanchard tally of heat-related fatalities by locality noted below.
–26 AP. “Oklahoma’s Heat Death Toll Mounts Despite Break from Heat.” Newson6.com, 8-15-06.
–24 National Weather Service. 2006 Heat Related Fatalities. “…By State and Location.”
Breakout of Oklahoma heat-related fatalities by county where identified.
— 2 Cache, June 30. Kairina Kraft, 5, and Kianna Diggs, 6; locked in car outside rural home.[105]
— 2 Carter County, Aug 1-13. NCDC Storm Events Database, Heat, OK, Carter, Aug 1-13.
–1 Ardmore, Aug 11; female (Libra Burton), 94, on back porch; outside temp. 101°.[106]
— 1 Edmond, June 19. Heat; female, 78, on porch of home; high temperatures mid 90s.[107]
— 2 Garvin County, July 16-31. Female, 77, at home, and female, 51, outside.[108]
— 2 Grady County, July 16-31. Female, 83, permanent home and male, 64 permanent home.[109]
— 1 Grant Co., Aug 1-13. NCDC Storm Events Database, Heat, OK, Grant, Aug 1-13, 2006.
— 1 Johnston Co., Aug 1-13. NCDC Storm Events Database, Heat, OK, Johnston, Aug 1-13, 2006.
— 1 Latimer County, July 17-21. Male, 79, outside. NCDC Storm Events Database. Heat, OK.
— 1 McIntosh County, July 17-21. Male, 43, outside. NCDC Storm Events Database. Heat, OK.
–11 Oklahoma Cunty. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat and light).
— 5 Oklahoma County, July 16-31. NCDC. Storm Events Database, Heat, OK, OK County.
Male, 76, permanent home. Female, 62, permanent home. Male, 60, permanent home.
Female, 72, permanent home. Female, 87, permanent home.
— 2 Oklahoma Co., Aug 1-13. NCDC Storm Events Database, Heat, OK, OK, Aug 1-13, 2006.
— 1 Pontotoc Co., Aug 1-13. NCDC Storm Events Database, Heat, OK, Pontotoc, Aug 1-13.
— 1 Pottawatomie Co., Aug 1-13. NCDC Storm Events Database, Heat, OK, Pottawatomie, Aug 1-13.
— 1 Sequoyah County. July 17-21. Male, 72, outside. NCDC Storm Events Database. Heat, OK.
— 1 Stillwater, June 18. Heat exposure; Banyan Roberts, 21-months; left in car seat by father.[110]
— 1 Tulsa County, Aug 9-10. Male, 28, “collapsed while working and exercising outdoors.”[111]
— 1 Woodward County, July 16-31. Female, 88, outside. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat.
— 1 Yukon, Canadian County, June 20. Heat stress; male, 32; permanent home.[112]
Pennsylvania (50)
–50 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
–50 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).
–32 Blanchard tally of PA heat-related fatalities from locality breakout below.
–29 National Weather Service. 2006 Heat Related Fatalities. “…By State and Location.”
–22 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).
Breakout of Pennsylvania Heat-Related Fatalities by Locality (where noted):
–24 Eastern PA, Aug 1-3. NCDC, Storm Events Database. Heat, PA, Aug 1-3, 2006.
— 1 Conshohocken, Montgomery Co., Aug 3. Male, 69, home, no air conditioning, windows closed.[113]
–28 Philadelphia County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat and light).
–27 Philadelphia. Philly.com. “7 more deaths tied to…heat that put the city’s…” 6-13-2008.[114]
— 1 Philadelphia, June 22. 1st heat-related death of 2006 in Philadelphia; female, 67; home.[115]
— 3 Philadelphia, July 16-18. Females at their homes, aged 50, 60, and 65.[116]
— 1 Philadelphia, July 28. Female, 85, permanent home. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat, PA.
–24 Philadelphia, Aug 1-3. Blanchard tally using NCDC narrative and NCDC Philly details.
–21 Philadelphia, Aug 1-3. NCDC. Storm Events Database, Heat, PA, Philadelphia, Aug 1-3.
— 1 Center City. Hyperthermia; male, 46.[117]
— 1 Ivy Hill section. Heat stress; male, 53, with heart disease/diabetes.[118]
— 1 Mayfair section. Heat stress; female, 91, with heart disease.[119]
— 1 Strawberry Mansion. Heat stress; male, 79, with heart disease/diabetes.[120]
— 1 Wissahickon section. Heat stress; male, 63, with heart disease and diabetes.[121]
— 1 North Philly. Heat stress; male, 59, with pre-existing heart disease.[122]
— 1 Southwest Philly. Heat stress; male, 61, with pre-existing heart disease.[123]
— 1 West Philly. Heat stress; female, 15, with cerebral palsy.[124]
— 1 Philadelphia female, 52, permanent home. NCDC, Philly.
— 1 Philadelphia female, 73, permanent home. “
— 1 Philadelphia female, 79, permanent home. “
— 1 Philadelphia female, 80, permanent home. “
— 1 Philadelphia male, 40, permanent home. “
— 1 Philadelphia male, 45, permanent home. “
— 1 Philadelphia male, 50, permanent home. “
— 1 Philadelphia male, 51, permanent home. “
— 1 Philadelphia male, 55, permanent home. “
— 1 Philadelphia male, 56, permanent home. “
— 1 Philadelphia male, 71, permanent home. “
— 1 Philadelphia male, 78, permanent home. “
— 1 Philadelphia male, 80, permanent home. “
— 1 Philadelphia male, 83, permanent home. “
— 1 Philadelphia male, 91, permanent home. “
— 1 Philadelphia male, 100, permanent home. “
— 1 Reading, Berks County, Aug 2. Male, 74, hot 3rd floor apartment, heat-aggravated death.[125]
— 1 Towamencin, Montgomery County, Aug 3. Male, 40, on home’s outside deck.[126]
South Carolina (12)
–12 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
— 1 Aiken, April 4. Heatstroke; Zachary Frison, 15-months; left in car by mother nine hours.[127]
— 0 NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, South Carolina, All Counties, 2006.
South Dakota ( 1)
— 1 National Weather Service. 2006 Heat Related Fatalities. “…By State and Location.”
— 1 Badlands National Park, July 16. Heat exhaustion while hiking; female, 52.[128]
Tennessee (14)
–14 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).
–13 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
— 5 Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.
— 2 National Weather Service. 2006 Heat Related Fatalities. “…By State and Location.”
— 1 Knox County, May 28; Brian Womack, 3; got inside car in family driveway.[129]
— 1 Memphis, Aug 10. Heat exhaust.; female forklift operator just back at work after med. problems.[130]
— 1 Ripley, Aug 9. Hunter Hicks, 15-months; left in pickup truck by mother; 100° day.[131]
— 1 Shelby County, Aug 1. Elderly male, outside. NCDC Storm Events Database, Heat, TN.
— 1 Shelby Co., Aug 10. Heat stress; female, 44, working in un-air-conditioned warehouse.[132]
Texas (106)
–106 Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.
–104 TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011 update.
— 84 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
— 77 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).
— 55 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat)
— 2 National Weather Service. 2006 Heat Related Fatalities. “…By State and Location.”
Breakout by Counties
— 1 Bexar Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 1 Brazoria Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 1 Brewster Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
–19 Brooks Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 2 Brown Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 1 Calhoun Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 1 Cass Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 1 Childress Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 1 Cooke Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
–22 Dallas County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat and light).
–10 Dallas Co. CDC WONDER search for ICD-10.X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).
— 8 Dallas Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 1 Balch Springs, July 20. Heat exhaustion, Jacob Fox, 4; left in day-care van, 104° day.[133]
— 1 Dallas, July 14-21. Male, 82, permanent home.[134]
— 1 Deaf Smith Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 1 Denton Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
–1 Carrollton, Aug 25. Beckham Flanagan, 10-months; father left in hot vehicle.[135]
–16 Dimmit Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 4 El Paso Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 1 Erath Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 1 Fannin Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 1 Fayette Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 1 Fort Bend Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 1 Guadalupe Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 7 Harris Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
–1 Pasadena, July 28. Jasmine Alvarez, 2; got in mother’s SUV (later arrested).[136]
— 2 Hidalgo Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
–1 McAllen, July 16. Tyler Ramierz, 2; left by family in car, grocery shopping.[137]
–1 Weslaco, May 16. Deandra Hernandez, 8-mo.; mother left in pickup 3 hrs.[138]
— 1 Jim Wells Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 1 Kleberg Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 1 Liberty Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 1 McLennan Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 7 Maverick Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 1 Nueces Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 1 Reeves Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 1 Rockwall Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 1 Scurry Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 2 Smith Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
–1 Lindale, Aug 8. Kerrigan Petty, 4-month girl; left in truck by father over 8 hrs.[139]
— 1 Starr Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 5 Tarrant Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 2 Travis Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 1 Victoria Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 2 Washington Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
— 4 Webb Co. TX DSHS. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011.
Virginia (15)
–15 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
–14 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).
–12 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).
— 0 NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Virginia, All Counties, 2006.
— 1 Chase City vicinity, Aug 8. Heat exhaustion; male tree cutting/logging worker; 98° temp.[140]
Washington (11)
–11 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
–11 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).
Wisconsin (10)
–10 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).
–10 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).
–10 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).
–10 State of Wisc. “Wisconsin Heat Awareness Day June 12, 2014” (Press Release). 6-4-2014.
— 3 National Weather Service. 2006 Heat Related Fatalities. “…By State and Location.”
— 2 NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, All Counties, 2006.
— ? Milwaukee, July 31. Female, 75; home had air conditioner, but victim refused to turn on.[141]
— 1 Milwaukee County, Aug 2. Male, 41, permanent home.[142]
— 1 West Allis, Milwaukee County, Aug 2. Male, 67, permanent home.[143]
Narratives — General
July 22: “St. Louis – National Guard troops stepped up their search for people in hot homes without power to run air conditioning Friday as heavy rains and tree-toppling winds added to the misery of the worst power outage in the city’s history. “We have 55 percent of the residents without power. Our biggest fear is that the number will go up,” said Jeff Rainford, spokesman for Mayor Francis Slay.
“A heat wave that has baked much of the nation this week has been blamed for at least 28 deaths.
The death toll in Oklahoma alone rose to seven. The state medical examiner’s office said the heat caused the deaths of four elderly people on Thursday [July 20], including one in Oklahoma City, where the high that day was 107. Oklahoma City was so hot that a portion of Interstate 44 buckled, forcing the temporary closure of two lanes.
“In St. Louis, the weather has flip-flopped between sweltering heat and violent storms. As many as 500,000 Ameren Corp. customers in the area lost power Wednesday, making Thursday’s heat that much more unbearable. Progress in restoring power had been made, but Ameren said the number of customers without power rose even higher Friday, to 570,000, as a new wave of storms passed through…
“More than 500 people spent Thursday night in two Red Cross shelters, and a third shelter was scheduled to open Friday afternoon to take in people who could not stay in their hot homes, Rainford said. Virtually every hotel room in the region was booked for the weekend, mostly by residents taking refuge from homes without power.
“High temperatures in St. Louis had dropped to the mid-80s Friday, but National Guard troops, police, firefighters and volunteers were knocking on doors that morning to check on elderly residents and offer bottled water. On Thursday authorities said a 93-year-old St. Louis woman had been found dead in a home without power to run the air conditioning.” (Daily News Record, Harrisonburg, VA. “Power-Starved St. Louis Getting No Break.” 7-22-2006, 9.)
California
Margolis, et al.: “In July 2006, California experienced a heat wave of unprecedented magnitude and geographic extent-impacting the entire State. Coroners attributed 140 deaths to hyperthermia, and it has been estimated from vital statistics data that in excess of 600 heat-related deaths may have occurred over a 17-day period (July 14-30). Global warming has and will continue to increase the frequency and magnitude of extreme heat events extending their geographic breadth and placing more populations at risk. Furthermore, there is evidence that the character of heat waves in California is changing: they are progressively more often humid, consequently tending to remain hot through the night and last longer overall…..
“Meteorologically, the 2006 heat wave over California as a whole was significant between July 14-30 with the greatest spatial extent and regional magnitude concentrated between July 21-26. Nineteen counties reported at least one death; 80% of the cases were in seven counties, most of which were in the Central Valley-a region characterized by high summertime temperatures (e.g. Sacramento, in the northern Central Valley, experiences average summertime maximum temperature of 33°C/91°F and minimum temperature of 15°C/59°F. The corresponding 99%-tile thresholds of 42.2°C/108°F and 22.8°C/73°F, were exceeded for 3 consecutive days and 7 nights, respectively, with a nighttime peak temperature of 29°C/84°F and high humidity throughout the event). Of the 140 deaths, 126 were classified as classic heat-stroke (CHS) and 14 as exertional heat stroke. 66% of cases were male. The age distribution for Hispanic cases tended to younger age groups, compared to non-Hispanic cases; this difference could not be accounted for by occupational activities. 99% of cases lived in zip codes where > 50% of residents live below the poverty guide line. The majority of CHS cases were older adults, living alone, and had at least one chronic health condition (e.g., cardiovascular (47%) or pulmonary (7%) disease; psychiatric condition (23%) or alcohol abuse/dependence (17%)). Heat exposure occurred indoors in most cases. 13% of the CHS cases were determined to have functional air conditioners that had not been used.” (Margolis, et al. “2006 California Heat Wave High Death Toll: Insights Gained from Coroner’s Reports and Meteorological Characteristics of Event.” Epidemiology, 19/6, S363-S364, Nov 2008.)
Muzio: “Coming in at No. 7 another hot year, much more recently. Heat Wave No. 3 in July 2006, only five years ago, took a tremendous toll in Kern County and much of California. 46 heat related fatalities were reported in the south valley, with more than 350 across the state. Bakersfield hit 112 degrees during a 12-day period. It caused livestock losses in the thousands, cost 750,000 chickens and turkeys and brought about an all-time daily power consumption record in California of more than 50,000 megawatts.” (Muzio, Miles. “Top 10 weather events in modern Kern County history.” KBAK, 11-30-2011.)
NCDC, California, July 16-27: “Arguably one of the hottest spells widespread across California, including Interior Central California, in the last 75 years occurred during a warm period that spanned from the 16th through the 27th of the month. Fresno City had 12 days in a row where maximum temperatures were at or above 105 degrees F. Numerous daily maximum and high minimum temperature records were both reset including the all-time high minimum temperature record for Fresno at 90F on the 23rd from that of 86F set in August of 1908. During the 5-day period from the 22nd through the 26th, Fresno had temperatures of 110F+ each day. The Southwest San Joaquin Valley maximum temperatures had 110F+ readings for a 6-day period from the 21st through the 26th. Minimum temperatures during that warmest portion of the heat spell lowered only into the 80s for much of the Central and South San Joaquin Valley. Even the high foothill areas and Kern County Mountains were impacted as Yosemite Valley in the Southern Sierra Nevada at the 4000-foot elevation had maximum temperatures of 100F+ from the 22nd through the 27th with a 105F high on the 26th. In the high desert areas of Kern County Inyokern had 110F+ from the 22nd through the 27th with overnight lows in the upper 70s to around 80F. Several daily high temperature records were also established in the Kern Desert during the period. Peak energy use in the state hit an all time record, 6165 Megawatts, even though several thousand customers in Central California went without power and air conditioning for hours. Typical of the situation $100K of refrigerated products were lost at a single store in Northwest Fresno during a power outage on the 24th. Among the documented instances of power loss during the heat event, Fresno had 11,000 power customers without electricity on the 22nd and 14,000 on the 23rd. All 10,000 power customers in Lemoore in Kings County lost electricity for up to 4 hours during the afternoon of the 23rd, one of the hottest days, as power transformers failed in the heat. In Tulare County, portions of Exeter lost power during the evening of the 24th.
“With accompanying high humidities, consistent light or calm winds, and long durations of high temperatures, the heat resulted in many deaths among residents of Interior Central California as well as a tremendous toll on area agriculture and specifically the dairy and cattle industry. Up to 57 people died as a result of the excessive heat in the Interior Central California 7-county area. Many but not all of these deaths were among the elderly and in urban areas. Milk and egg production losses were estimated at 10 to 15% during the heat spell along with an increase in livestock deaths (16,500 cows) and poultry deaths (700,000 chickens and 160,000 turkeys). Diminished yield in produce from field crops and orchards undoubtedly occurred and losses could only be estimated due to difficulties in assessing. One local county, Kings, estimated losses at 20% for almond production with $10 million in other crop losses. In addition to the loss of livestock and poultry due to the heat, area counties declared local emergencies due to rendering problems caused by the high number of livestock and poultry carcasses.” (NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, CA, E Central S.J. Valley, July 16-27, 2006.)
NCDC, California, July 21-27, Southern CD: “Strong high pressure centered over the southwest United States and monsoon moisture during the last half of July led to numerous daily high minimum and high maximum temperature records, some of which were all time records. The strong subsidence over Southern California caused an unprecedented heat wave and widespread surface dewpoint temperatures from the upper 60s to the mid 70s resulted in record warm overnight temperatures and abnormally high humidity levels. Sea surface water temperatures along the coast remained in the mid and upper 70s during much of July and even exceeded 80 degrees by late July near Del Mar, Huntington Beach, and several miles off La Jolla. It has been speculated that this is possibly the first time 80+ degree water temperatures have been observed along the Southern California coast. Note that because of a lack of detailed historical observations concerning coastal water temperatures, the Storm Data preparer cannot confirm this claim. The heat wave reached its peak on the 22nd. Several all time record highs were tied or broken that day, including 109 at La Mesa, 112 at Escondido, 113 at El Cajon, and 114 at Wild Animal Park. Elsewhere, the temperature rose to 105 in the mountain town of Julian, 114 at Ontario, 120 at Indio and Thermal, and 121 at Palm Springs. San Diego Lindbergh Field reached 99 degrees, becoming the hottest day since September 25, 1989 and the second hottest day ever observed during the month of July. That same morning, numerous high minimum temperature records were broken, including 74 at San Diego, 78 at Alpine, 79 at Escondido, 88 at Thermal, 93 at Palm Springs, and 94 at Borrego Desert Park. Many monthly records were also broken. For example, both Palm Springs and Borrego Desert Park broke records for all time highest average temperature for any month, all time highest average minimum for any month, and all time highest average maximum temperature for the month of July. Palm Springs experienced 10 consecutive days with a minimum temperature of 85 degrees or greater, shattering the old record of 5 consecutive days set in 1917. At San Diego Lindbergh Field, not only was July 2006 the second warmest July on record, but the low temperature never dropped below 70 degrees from the 13th through the 31st. Even more remarkable, Lindbergh Field observed a minimum temperature of 78 degrees on the morning of the 28th. This would have tied the all time warmest minimum temperature on record, however the temperature eventually fell to 76 shortly before midnight, becoming the 3rd warmest minimum on record. Also remarkable for areas near the coast was the time of the year for this extreme heat. Normally onshore flow with a cool marine layer dominates the weather near the coast and record highs in July are much lower than in late summer and early fall when Santa Ana conditions are the cause of such extreme heat. The heat was particularly hard on the elderly and those without air conditioning. Power outages made for an even more dangerous situation. While high temperatures near the end of the month did not exceed excessive heat criteria, low temperatures remained at record warm levels. This was particularly problematic for residents who do not have air conditioning and were unable to cool their homes at night. There were 16 heat related deaths reported during the heat wave, however it is worth mentioning that 2 of these deaths may have occurred outside the San Diego CWA. Also worth mentioning, the number of people treated for heat related illnesses was pulled from various media reports and is likely an underestimate of the total value.” (NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, Apple and Yucca Valleys, July 21-27, 2006.)
NYT/Steinhauer on California ~July 15-27: “Fresno, Calif., July 27 — A searing heat wave nearly two weeks old is responsible for more than 100 deaths across California, the authorities said Thursday. So overwhelmed is the local coroner’s office here that it has been forced to double-stack bodies. Most of the deaths have occurred in the landlocked Central Valley, the state’s agricultural spine, where triple-digit temperatures have lately been the norm. The heat has been linked to at least 22 deaths here in Fresno County, whose funeral homes have offered to help with the coroner’s backlog. “We’re just trying to catch up,” said Joseph Tiger, a deputy coroner in Fresno. “I have been here 10 years, and I have never seen it this bad. Our boss has been here over 20, and he hasn’t seen it this bad either. For the last two weeks it has just been unbearable hot.”
“The Governor’s Office of Emergency Services said the heat wave had been confirmed as the cause of death among at least 53 people around the state. Pending autopsies, heat-related causes are presumed in the death of scores of others, said Roni Java, a spokeswoman for the emergency services office.
“Many of these suspected heat deaths have been among the elderly, who often live as shut-ins and will not open windows, said Loralee Cervantes, the Fresno County coroner.
“The toll of such casualties has no recent precedent in California. According to data provided by the California Department of Health Services, the greatest number of heat-related deaths in the state since 1989 had been 40, in 2000. A department spokeswoman, Patti Roberts, said data prior to 1989 were unavailable.
“Among the dead here were a 38-year-old worker found in a field, an unidentified man around 40 who made it to a hospital emergency room where his body temperature was recorded at 109.9 degrees and a 58-year-old man who was found drunk. Statewide, Ms. Java said, the youngest person killed by the heat has been a 20-year-old man from San Diego, and the oldest a 95-year-old man in Imperial County, on the Mexican border.
“A doctor and his assistant toiled here on Thursday in the coroner’s office, which recently grew to 50 beds from 25 after getting a bioterrorism grant but has rarely had 25 bodies. On Thursday morning there were 58….
“While the Central Valley is used to temperatures crackling in the triple digits at this time of year, the evenings tend to be cooler. But temperatures in recent days have been lingering in the 80’s after sunset, mixed with humidity far higher than this region is accustomed to. By midday Thursday the mercury had hit 112 in Fresno, though temperatures elsewhere had dropped and weather forecasters were predicting a break in the heat almost everywhere in the state by Friday….” (New York Times (Jennifer Steinhauer). “In California, Heat is Blamed for 100 Deaths,” 7-28-2006.)
Ostro, et al: “Immediately after the California heat wave in July 2006, county coroners reported that the high temperatures caused approximately 147 deaths. However, heat wave-related deaths are likely to be underreported due to a lack of a clear case definition and the multifactorial nature of heat-related mortality. Public health policy suggests a need for a careful assessment of mortality following a heat wave. In addition, it is useful to provide a comparison of the mortality impact per degree during heat waves versus high temperatures observed during non heat-wave periods. For this study, daily data were collected for mortality and weather in seven California counties known to be affected by the July 2006 heat wave. The association between apparent temperature and daily mortality was assessed using a Poisson regression model and combined across counties in a meta-analysis. The results were then used to estimate the increases in the number of deaths during the heat wave. The analysis indicated a 9 percent (95 percent CI = 1.6, 16.3) increase in daily mortality per 10 degrees Fahrenheit change in apparent temperature for all counties combined. This estimate is almost 3 times larger than the effect estimated for the full warm season and 1.3 times that found for July in previous years (non heat wave years 1999 to 2003). The estimates indicate that actual mortality during the July 2006 heat wave was 2 or 3 times greater than coroner estimates. This multi-county analysis provides additional evidence that the risk of mortality increases with prolonged exposure to high apparent temperatures, as is common during a heat wave. In addition, the mortality effect per degree F was found to be several times higher than that reported during non-heat wave periods.” (Ostro, Bart D., Lindsey A Roth, Rochelle S. Green, and Rupa Basu. Estimating the Mortality Effect of the July 2006 California Heat Wave. Draft Report from California Climate Change Center for the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, March, 2009, p. vii.)
Chicago
NCDC, Chicago, July 28-31: “The second heat wave of the summer developed during the end of July and continued into early August. High temperatures at Northerly Island in downtown Chicago reached 88 on July 28th, 93 on July 29th, 90 on July 30th and 98 on July 31st. The peak heat index at Northerly Island reached 100 on July 28th, 105 on July 29th, 106 on July 30th, and 116 on July 31st. The low temperature on the morning of July 21st was only 81. At O’Hare Airport, the high temperature reached 93 on July 28th, 94 on July 29th, 90 on July 30th and 99 on July 31st. The peak heat index reached 94 on July 28th, 100 on July 29th, 98 on July 30th and 107 on July 31st. A cold front moved south across Lake Michigan during the late morning and early afternoon of July 30th. This front brought a period of cooler temperatures to northeast Illinois during the afternoon hours. Four people died due to heat related problems through July 31st but additional deaths were reported in early August. See Stormdata, August 2006, Illinois, Northeast.” (NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database, Heat, Illinois, Cook, July 28-31, 2006.)
NCDC, Chicago, Aug 1-2: “The second heat wave of the summer developed during late July 2006 and continued into early August….The high temperature at Northerly Island in downtown Chicago reached 99 on August 1st and 96 on August 2nd. The peak heat reached 115 on August 1st and 114 on August 2nd. At O’Hare Airport, the high temperature reached 99 on August 1st and 97 on August 2nd. The peak index reached 106 on August 1st and 105 on August 2nd. Twenty four deaths were blamed on heat related problems in early August.” (NCDC, NOAA. Event Record Details, Excessive Heat, Illinois, 01-02 Aug 2006.)
New York City
NCDC on NY, Aug 1-2: “An oppressive air mass moved slowly east across the region from August 1 to August 3. This was preceded by a hot dry air mass, when temperatures reached at least 90 degrees for 5 consecutive days at LaGuardia Airport, from July 27 to July 31. Excessive heat occurred mainly from noon to midnight each day for 3 consecutive days. High temperatures ranged mainly from the upper 90s to around 100 degrees. With surface dew point temperatures in the mid 70s, heat indices ranged from 105 to 115 degrees.
“Excessive heat resulted in 42 deaths and scattered power outages that lead to business losses. In Southeast NY, excessive heat was responsible for 42 deaths; 40 in New York City; as follows: 14 in Queens, 14 in Brooklyn, 9 in Manhattan, and 3 in the Bronx. This information was provided by the NYC Office of Chief Medical Examiner. The NYC Office of Emergency Management opened 383 cooling centers that served 25,000 people per day. They also opened 6000 pools and extended their routine hours of operation….” (National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, New York, New York (Manhattan), Aug 1-3, 2006.)
Philadelphia
NCDC on Philadelphia Metropolitan Area, Aug 1-3: “A strong area of high pressure anchored over the East Coast and the western Atlantic, resulted in a stretch of excessive heat for the entire region to start off August 2006. The very hot air mass was accompanied by humid conditions as the dewpoints surged into the upper 60s and lower 70s for a time. It could have been worse, but the dew points lowered a little bit for most areas during the afternoon hours as the sunshine dried the air mass out for a time. The highest temperature reached was 98 degrees, three days in a row, at the Philadelphia International Airport, one of which was a new record high temperature. On August 3rd, the temperature soared to 96 degrees at the Lehigh Valley International Airport near Allentown and 97 degrees in Reading. Even Mount Pocono topped out at 90 degrees on both August 2nd and August 3rd. The heat indices topped out on August 1st between 105 and 110 degrees, except the lower 90s across the southern Poconos. The nighttime hours though were very uncomfortable as the low temperature on the morning of August 2nd was a soupy 81 degrees at the Philadelphia International Airport.
“The excessive heat on August 1st caused a boy, who was attending a basketball camp at Lehigh University, to collapse during practice in the Philip Rauch Fieldhouse at the Bethlehem School’s Goodman Campus. The boy was taken to St. Luke’s Hospital-Fountain Hill and turned out to be just fine. Almost three dozen young people riding in several charter buses back to Brooklyn, New York from Dorney Park, Pennsylvania on the night of August 2nd were stricken by the heat and treated at four Lehigh Valley Hospitals. Some of them even passed out. Malfunctioning air conditioning on a couple buses during the excessive heat contributed to the illnesses, affecting an adult and 34 children. The buses pulled off Interstate 78 about 7 PM EDT. About eleven people fell unconscious after the buses stopped; all were between eight and eighteen years of age. St. Joseph Hospital in Reading treated about two people for heat-related ailments on August 2nd, while Reading Hospital treated as many as 30 patients for similar problems. In Chester County, Pennsylvania, three people were admitted to Chester County Hospital and three others to Phoenixville Hospital with heat-related illnesses on August 2nd.
“The excessive heat put an extra burden on area power companies as fans and air conditioners worked overtime. PPL Electric Utilities of Allentown, which serves 1.3 million customers in Pennsylvania, and PECO serving Philadelphia and its suburbs, broke records for electricity demands. PECO’s peak usage on August 1st reached 8,884 megawatts, surpassing the previous record of 8,638 megawatts set on July 18, 2006. During the excessive heat on August 1st and 2nd, 3,500 PECO customers in Lower Bucks County experienced a power outage. PPL customers in the Bethlehem, Pennsylvania area used 7,507 megawatt hours of energy between 4 PM EDT and 5 PM EDT, which according to preliminary reports, was a new record. The company’s old record, 7,274 megawatt hours, was set on December 20, 2004. Met-Ed’s usage topped out at 3,000 megawatt hours in the Easton, Pennsylvania area, which was also a new record; the previous record was set in July 2006. Met-Ed reported a heat-related outage in Raubsville, which affected 138 people and lasted about two hours.
“The excessive heat took its toll on some area roadways. In Chester, Pennsylvania, the extreme heat caused a roadway “blow-up” on Interstate 95 near the Routes 320/352 interchange about 4 PM EDT on August 2nd. This resulted in the closing of the right and center lanes while repairs were made. Officials with PennDot said the underlying concrete topped with asphalt heaved in the center lane and possibly a portion of the right lane. The damaged area was about one lane wide, or 12 feet, and about three feet long.
“The several days of excessive heat unfortunately took its toll on some people across the Delaware and Lehigh Valley’s. There were twenty-four heat related deaths. Among the twenty-one people who died from the heat in Philadelphia included: a 46 year old man from hyperthermia in Center City, a 59 year old man from heart disease and heat stress in North Philadelphia, a 15 year old girl from cerebral palsy and heat stress in West Philadelphia, a 91 year old woman from heart disease and heat stress in the Mayfair section of Philadelphia, a 53 year old man from heart disease, diabetes and heat stress in the Ivy Hill section of Philadelphia, a 61 year old man from heart disease and heat stress in Southwest Philadelphia, a 79 year old man from heart disease, diabetes and heat stress in Strawberry Mansion, and a 63 year old man from heart disease, diabetes and heat stress in Wissahickon section of Philadelphia. On August 2nd, a 74-year-old Reading, Pennsylvania (Berks County) man was found dead in his hot third-floor apartment on Buttonwood Street. He died of acute heart disease that was aggravated by the excessive heat. A 40-year-old Towamencin man (Montgomery County) died on the morning of August 3rd. The man had been drinking (alcohol-related problems) and decided to sleep outside on the back deck. A 69-year-old Conshohocken man died on August 3rd with underlying health problems, however there were no fans or air conditioning in the house and the windows were all closed.” (NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, PA, Berks County, Aug 1-3, 2006.)
Wisconsin
NCDC on Wisconsin (Milwaukee County), Aug 1-2: “This heat event for August 1st-2nd is a continuation of the same heat event that started on the evening of July 30th. Ultimately, this stretch of “heat advisory” conditions resulted in two directly-related heat deaths in Milwaukee County where the urban heat-island effect is enhanced. Air temperatures only fell into the mid 70s across south-central Wisconsin and lower 80s in the Milwaukee Metro area during the early-morning of August 1st. Afternoon air temperatures soared into the 95 to 100 degree range. With dew points in the low to mid-70s, heat index values only dropped into the lower 80s during the morning of the 1st, and peaked in the 105 to 110 degree range across south-central and southeast Wisconsin during the afternoon of August 1st. The oppressive conditions continued during the overnight hours of August 1st with low temperatures around 80 degrees before a cold front swept through during the afternoon, ending the heat wave. On August 2nd, a 67-year-old male died due to high temperatures in his West Allis (Milwaukee Co) residence. Likewise on August 2nd, a 41-year-old male died in his residence due to elevated levels of heat.” (National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, Milwaukee County, Aug 1-2, 2006.)
On Heat:
CDC. “Heat-Related Deaths – [U.S.], 1999-2003,” MMWR, V55, N29, 7-28-2006, 796-798:
“Heat-related illnesses (e.g., heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat syncope, or heatstroke) can occur when high ambient temperatures overcome the body’s natural ability to dissipate heat. Older adults, young children, and persons with chronic medical conditions are particularly susceptible to these illnesses and are at high risk for heat-related mortality. Previous analyses of the risk factors associated with heat-related deaths have been based on the underlying cause entered on the death certificate. The analysis revealed that including these deaths increased the number of heat-related deaths by 54% and suggested that the number of heat-related deaths is underestimated.
“CDC uses information from death certificates categorized by codes from the International Classification of Diseases to estimate national mortality trends. These data, collected and submitted by states, were used to determine the number of deaths in the United States during 1999–2003 that had exposure to excessive natural heat§ recorded as the underlying cause (code X30 from ICD, tenth revision [ICD-10]), hyperthermia recorded as a contributing factor (ICD-10 code T67) (6), or both….
“Editorial Note: In this analysis, the inclusion of hyperthermia as a contributing cause of death increased by 54% the total number of heat-related deaths during 1999–2003 that would have been counted through inclusion of a heat-related underlying cause alone. Because heat-related illnesses can exacerbate existing medical conditions and death from heat exposure can be preceded by various symptoms, heat-related deaths can be difficult to identify when illness onset or death is not witnessed by a clinician. In addition, the criteria used to determine heat-related causes of death vary among states. This can lead to underreporting heat-related deaths or to reporting heat as a factor contributing to death rather than the underlying cause.
“Continued exposure to excessive heat can lead to hyperthermia or death. Of the heat-related illnesses, heat exhaustion and heatstroke are the most serious. Heat exhaustion is characterized by muscle cramps, fatigue, headache, nausea or vomiting, and dizziness or fainting. The skin is often cool and moist, indicating that the body’s mechanism for cooling itself (i.e., sweating) is still functioning. The pulse rate is typically fast and weak, and breathing is rapid and shallow. If untreated, heat exhaustion can progress to heatstroke. Heatstroke is a serious, life-threatening condition characterized by a high body temperature (>103ºF [>39.4ºC]); red, hot, and dry skin (no sweating); rapid, strong pulse; throbbing headache; dizziness; nausea; confusion; and unconsciousness. Symptoms can progress to encephalopathy, liver and kidney failure, coagulopathy, and multiple organ system dysfunction. Prompt treatment of heat-related illnesses with aggressive fluid replacement and cooling of core body temperature is critical to reducing morbidity and mortality.
“Many heat-related deaths, regardless of whether they are associated with chronic medical conditions, are preventable. During periods of extreme heat, heat-related illnesses can be prevented by avoiding strenuous outdoor activities, drinking adequate amounts of fluid, avoiding alcohol consumption, wearing lightweight clothing, and using air-conditioning. Groups at high risk include young children, persons aged >65 years, persons who do strenuous activities outdoors, and persons with chronic (particularly cardiovascular) medical conditions.”
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) on Heat-Related Deaths (11-21-2023):
“When people are exposed to extreme heat, they can suffer from potentially deadly illnesses, such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Hot temperatures can also contribute to deaths from heart attacks, strokes, and other forms of cardiovascular disease. Heat is the leading weather-related killer in the United States, even though most heat-related deaths are preventable through outreach and intervention (see EPA’s Excessive Heat Events Guidebook at: www.epa.gov/heat-islands/excessive-heat-events-guidebook).
Unusually hot summer temperatures have become more common across the contiguous 48 states in recent decades…extreme heat events (heat waves) have become more frequent and intense… and these trends are expected to continue. As a result, the risk of heat-related deaths and illness is also expected to increase.[144] The “urban heat island” effect accentuates the problem by causing even higher temperatures in densely developed urban areas. Reductions in cold-related deaths are projected to be smaller than increases in heat-related deaths in most regions. Death rates can also change, however, as people acclimate to higher temperatures and as communities strengthen their heat response plans and take other steps to continue to adapt.
“Certain population groups already face higher risks of heat-related death, and increases in summertime temperature variability will increase that risk. The population of adults aged 65 and older, which is expected to continue to grow, has a higher-than-average risk of heat-related death. Children are particularly vulnerable to heat-related illness and death, as their bodies are less able to adapt to heat than adults, and they must rely on others to help keep them safe. People with certain diseases, such as cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses, are especially vulnerable to excessive heat exposure, as are the economically disadvantaged. Data also suggest a higher risk among non-Hispanic Blacks.”
Trent, CA Dept. of Health Services on Heat-Related (HR) Illness: “HR illness is described according to three stages of increasing severity:
- Heat cramps. Mild and easy to treat, this level involves fevers generally under 102 degrees Fahrenheit.
- Heat exhaustion: Involves fevers over 102 degrees Fahrenheit, often with vomiting, diarrhea, and fatigue.
- Heat stroke: A severe and life-threatening failure of body’s ability to cool (e.g., sweating ceases), with fevers over 104 degrees Fahrenheit. Heat stroke can result in organ and neurologic damage and lead quickly to death.” (p. 3)
“Exertional heat stroke tends to occur among younger (under 50 years old), healthier persons who develop heat stroke after strenuous activity and inadequate hydration. The result is dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Exposures may involve work or recreational activities outdoors.
“Classic heat stroke tends to occur among persons who are older (over 50 years old), frail, and with chronic diseases. They may take medications, have psychological or cognitive problems, and live alone. They are assumed to have a compromised thermoregulatory response due to their age, illnesses, and medications. They generally are not in an air conditioned space when discovered with heat stroke symptoms or deceased.” (p. 5)
(Trent, Roger B., Ph.D. (CA Dept. of Health Services). Review of July 2006 Heat Wave Related Fatalities in California. Sacramento, CA: Epidemiology and Prevention for Injury Control Branch, California Department of Health Services, May 2007.)
Associated Press (Anita Snow and Kendria Lafleur), Mishmash of how US heat deaths are counted complicates efforts to keep people safe as Earth warms.” 8-13-2023:
“….Even when it seems obvious that extreme heat was a factor, death certificates don’t always reflect the role it played. Experts say a mishmash of ways more than 3,000 counties calculate heat deaths means we don’t really know how many people die in the U.S. each year because of high temperatures in an ever warming world.
“That imprecision harms efforts to better protect people from extreme heat because officials who set policies and fund programs can’t get the financial and other support needed to make a difference….Currently, about the only consistency in counting heat deaths in the U.S. is that officials and climate specialists acknowledge fatalities are grossly undercounted…
“ ‘It’s frustrating that for 90 years public health officials in the United States have not had a good picture of heat-related mortality because we have such a bad data system,’ said Dr. David Jones, a Harvard Medical School professor who also teaches in the epidemiology department at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.
“There is no uniformity among who does the counting across U.S. jurisdictions. Death investigations in some places might be carried out by a medical examiner, typically a physician trained in forensic pathology. In other locales, the coroner could be an elected sheriff, such as the one in Orange County, California. In some small counties in Texas, a justice of peace might determine cause of death. Utah and Massachusetts are among states that do not track heat-related deaths where exposure to extreme heat was a secondary factor.
“The CDC, which is often several years behind in reporting, draws information on heat deaths from death certificate information included in local, state, tribal and territorial databases. The CDC said in a statement that coroners and others who fill out death certificates ‘are encouraged to report all causes of death,’ but they may not always associate those contributing causes to an extreme heat exposure death and include the diagnostic codes for heat illnesses.
“Hess, the Arizona coroner [Pima County medical examiner], said determining environmental heat was a factor in someone’s death is difficult and can take weeks or even months of investigation including toxicological tests. ‘If someone was shot in the head, it’s pretty obvious what happened there,’ Hess said. ‘But when you find a body in a hot apartment 48 hours after they died, there is a lot of ambiguity.’ Hess noted that Pima County this year began including heat-related deaths in its tally of environmental heat fatalities….”
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California Department of Public Health. California Environmental Health Tracking Program (website). “Climate Change Data: Heat-Related Deaths Summary Tables.” State of California, 2013. Accessed 11-1-2015 at: http://www.ehib.org/page.jsp?page_key=926#HRD_table5
Carrollton Leader, TX (Dan Eakin). “Father charged in baby’s death.” 9-27-2006. Accessed 8-24-2015 at: http://starlocalmedia.com/carrolltonleader/news/father-charged-in-baby-s-death/article_d0479fc0-c024-5191-a15b-b2181ec516e5.html
CBS News/AP (James Klatell). “Finally, Relief From the Heat.” 8-3-2006. Accessed 9-2-2015 at: http://www.cbsnews.com/news/finally-relief-from-the-heat-03-08-2006/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Heat-Related Deaths – United States, 1999-2003,” MMWR (Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Report), Vol. 55, No. 29, 7-28-2006, pp. 796-798. Accessed 2-16-2024 at: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5529a2.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Mortality 1999-2020 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2021. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2020, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html on Feb 27, 2024. (Multiple Cause, Census Division, T67)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Mortality 1999-2020 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2021. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2020, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html on Feb 27, 2024. (Multiple Cause, Census Region, T67)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Mortality 1999-2020 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2021. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2020, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html on Feb 27, 2024. (Multiple Cause, Census Region, X30).
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Mortality 1999-2020 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2021. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2020, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html on Feb 27, 2024 9:35 PM (Multiple Cause, County, T67)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Mortality 1999-2020 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2021. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2020, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html on Feb 27, 2024 (Multiple Cause, HHS Regions, T67)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Mortality 1999-2020 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2021. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2020, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html on Feb 27, 2-24 (Multiple Cause, HHS Region, X30)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Mortality 1999-2020 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2021. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2020, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html on Feb 27, 2024 7:07:06 PM (Multiple Cause, State, T67)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Mortality 1999-2020 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2021. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2020, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html on Feb 27, 2024 9:13:08 PM (Multiple Cause, State, X30)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Compressed Mortality File 1999-2014 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released December 2015 (ICD-10/X30, exposure to excessive natural heat search). Data are from the Compressed Mortality File 1999-2014 Series 20 No. 2T, 2015, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/cmf-icd10.html on Aug 28, 2016 5:23 (Underlying Cause, States, X30).
Daily News Record, Harrisonburg, VA. “Power-Starved St. Louis Getting No Break.” 7-22-2006, 9. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/daily-news-record/2006-07-22/page-9/
Dallas Morning News (Tiara M. Ellis), “Dallas day-care owner gets 2 years in 4-year-old’s heat death… Day-care owner left 4-year-old in hot van, tried cover-up,” 12-11-2007. Accessed 8-24-2015 from Texas District & County Attorneys Association website at: http://www.tdcaa.com/node/1642
DeFuniak Springs Herald, “Walton County Sheriff investigating minor’s death.” 8-31-2006, p. 6-A. Accessed 8-24-2015 at: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00028316/00087/6x
DL-Online, Detroit Lakes, MN. “Osage girl dies in hot car,” 8-2-2006. Accessed 8-24-2015 at: http://www.dl-online.com/content/osage-girl-dies-hot-car
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). Climate Change Indicators: Heat-Related Deaths (webpage). 11-1-2023. Accessed 2-7-2024 at:
https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-related-deaths#ref6
Huang, Pien, Alyson Hurt, and Carmel Wroth. “This CDC data shows where rates of heat-related illness are highest.” GPB (PBS/NPR), Atlanta. 7-26-2023. Accessed 2-19-2023 at: https://www.gpb.org/news/shots-health-news/2023/07/26/cdc-data-shows-where-rates-of-heat-related-illness-are-highest
Journal Sentinel Bob Purvis), Milwaukee, WI. “Heat suspected in Milwaukee woman’s death.” 8-2-2006, p. 7A. Accessed 9-2-2015 at: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1683&dat=20060802&id=cLoaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=NkUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5197,1036577&hl=en
Kansas Department of Health & Environment. “Heat Related Deaths Studied.” Kansas Health Statistics Report, No. 33, May 2007, 10. Accessed 9-1-2015 at: http://www.kdheks.gov/phi/khsnews/khs33.pdf
KJZZ.org (Carrie Jung). “Big Drop in Arizona Heat-Related Deaths in 2014.” 5-8-2015. Accessed 9-5-2015 at: http://kjzz.org/content/136935/big-drop-arizona-heat-related-deaths-2014
KLTV7, Tyler, TX, “Kerrigan Petty Autopsy Results,” 9-13-2006. Accessed 8-24-2015. Accessed 8-24-2015 at: http://www.kltv.com/story/5405250/kerrigan-petty-autopsy-results
KWTX, Waco, TX. “Forgotten Toddler Dies in Hot Car.” 7-18-2006. Accessed 8-25-2015 at: http://www.kwtx.com/home/headlines/3372006.html
Ledger Independent, Maysville, KY. “Toni Barber enters Alford plea.” 10-15-2007. Accessed 8-24-2015 at: http://www.maysville-online.com/news/toni-barber-enters-alford-plea/article_e75ec569-015f-5a5d-a36e-a41436f74b5d.html
Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals, Environmental Public Health Tracking Program (via Centers for Disease Control Cooperative Agreement). Heat Stress: Hospital Admissions, Emergency Department Visits and Deaths in Louisiana. May 23, 2012. Accessed 11-12-2015 at: https://lepht.dhh.la.gov/Quick%20Reports%20Library/Climate%20Change%20Vulnerability/Climate%20Change_Heat%20Stress%20Hospitalizations%20ER%20Visits%20and%20Deaths.pdf
Margolis, H. G., A. Gershuov, T. Kim, P. English, and R. Trent. “2006 California Heat Wave High Death Toll: Insights Gained from Coroner’s Reports and Meteorological Characteristics of Event.” Epidemiology, Vol. 19, Issue 6, pp. S363-S364, November 2008. Abstract accessed at: http://journals.lww.com/epidem/Fulltext/2008/11001/2006_California_Heat_Wave_High_Death_Toll_.1000.aspx
Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Division of Disease Control, Office of Epidemiology (Vjollca Berisha). Impact of Extreme Heat on Human Mortality and Morbidity: Surveillance Systems in Maricopa County (slides). 7-29-2013, 42 pages. Accessed 9-2-2015 at: http://www.azdhs.gov/phs/oids/training/documents/2013/VjollaBersha.pdf
Maryland StateStat. “Heat-Related Deaths.” From MD DPSCS (Dept. Public Safety and Correctional Services) and DLLR (Dept. Labor, Licensing and Regulations) meeting, 11-22-2011. Accessed 9-26-2015: http://www.statestat.maryland.gov/reports/20111122_DHMH_Meeting_Summary.pdf
Minnesota Department of Health. Heat-related Deaths: Facts & Figures, 2000-2013 (webpage). Accessed 9-2-2015 at: https://apps.health.state.mn.us/mndata/heat_deaths#year
Mississippi State Department of Health. Mississippi Morbidity Report, Vol. 24, No. 8, Aug 2008. Accessed 9-25-2015 at: http://msdh.ms.gov/msdhsite/_static/resources/2971.pdf
Muzio, Miles. “Top 10 weather events in modern Kern County history.” KBAK, 11-30-2011. At: http://www.bakersfieldnow.com/blogs/weather/Top-10-Weather-Events-in-Kern-County-134729928.html
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Event Record Details, Excessive Heat, California, 16 Jul 2006. NCDC, NOAA, Department of Commerce. Accessed 2/2/2009 at:
http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~606029
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Event Record Details, Excessive Heat, Illinois, 01-02 Aug 2006. NCDC, NOAA, Department of Commerce. Accessed 2-4-2009 at: http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~610901
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Arkansas, Carroll County, Aug 9-10, 2006. Accessed 8-31-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5533164
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, Apple and Yucca Valleys, July 21-27, 2006. Accessed 8-29-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5523064
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, Coachella Valley, July 21-27, 2006. Accessed 8-29-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5523065
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, E Central S.J. Valley, July 16-27, 2006. Accessed 8-29-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5517546
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, North Bay Interior Valleys, July 21-25, 2006. Accessed 8-29-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5526331
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, San Bernardino County Valley/The Inland Empire, July 21-27, 2006. Accessed 8-29-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5523072
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, San Diego County Mountains, July 21-27, 2006. Accessed 8-29-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5523070
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, Santa Clara Valley including San Jose, July 20-25, 2006. Accessed 8-29-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5526334
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, SE San Joaquin Valley, June 22-30-2006. Accessed 8-28-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5513888
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, SE San Joaquin Valley, July 16-27, 2006. Accessed 8-29-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5517548
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Delaware, Kent County, Aug 1-3, 2006. Accessed 8-39-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5529324
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, District of Columbia, Aug 1-3, 2006. Accessed 8-30-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5525714
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Florida, Hillsborough, July 21, 2006. Accessed 8-29-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5521827
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Georgia, Rockdale, July 31, 2006. Accessed 8-29-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5531094
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, All Counties, 2006. Accessed 8-31-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=%28Z%29+Heat&beginDate_mm=01&beginDate_dd=01&beginDate_yyyy=2006&endDate_mm=12&endDate_dd=31&endDate_yyyy=2006&county=ALL&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&sort=DT&submitbutton=Search&statefips=17%2CILLINOIS
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, May 30, 2006. Accessed 8-31-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5510171
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, July 15-17, 2006. Accessed 8-28-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5519553
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database, Heat, Illinois, Cook, July 28-31, 2006. Accessed 8-29-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5519554
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook, Aug 1-2, 2006. Accessed 8-29-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5526217
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Madison County, Aug 1-2, 2006. Accessed 8-29-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5526168
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Peoria, July 30-31, 2006. Accessed 8-29-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5521865
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, St. Clair County, July 29-31, 2006. Accessed 8-29-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5524618
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Winnebago County, Aug 1-2, 2006. Accessed 8-30-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5525750
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Indiana, All Counties, 2006. Accessed 8-31-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=%28Z%29+Heat&beginDate_mm=01&beginDate_dd=01&beginDate_yyyy=2006&endDate_mm=12&endDate_dd=31&endDate_yyyy=2006&county=ALL&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&sort=DT&submitbutton=Search&statefips=18%2CINDIANA
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Iowa, Polk County, July 17, 2006. Accessed 8-29-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5516095
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Kansas, Allen, July 16-20, 2006. Accessed 8-28-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5525181
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Kansas, Montgomery, July 16-20, 2006. Accessed 8-28-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5525196
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Kansas, Sedgwick County, July 16-20, 2006. Accessed 9-28-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5525202
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Kentucky, All Counties, 2006. Accessed 8-31-2015 at:
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Louisiana, All Counties, 2006. Accessed 8-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=%28Z%29+Heat&beginDate_mm=01&beginDate_dd=01&beginDate_yyyy=2006&endDate_mm=12&endDate_dd=31&endDate_yyyy=2006&county=ALL&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&sort=DT&submitbutton=Search&statefips=22%2CLOUISIANA
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Louisiana, Bossier Parish, June 12, 2006. Accessed 8-28-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5510957
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Louisiana, Bossier Parish, Aug 8, 2006. Accessed 8-31-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5529700
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database, Heat, Maryland, South Baltimore, Aug 1-3, 2006. Accessed 8-30-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5525711
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Calvert, July 18, 2006. Accessed 8-29-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5521816
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Carroll, July 18, 2006. Accessed 8-29-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5521817
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Harford County, Aug 1-3, 2006. Accessed 8-30-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5525706
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Howard County, Aug 1-3, 2006. Accessed 8-30-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5525707
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Prince Georges, July 18, 2006. Accessed 8-29-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5521824
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Massachusetts, All Counties, 2006. Accessed 8-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=%28Z%29+Heat&beginDate_mm=01&beginDate_dd=01&beginDate_yyyy=2006&endDate_mm=12&endDate_dd=31&endDate_yyyy=2006&county=ALL&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&sort=DT&submitbutton=Search&statefips=25%2CMASSACHUSETTS
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Minnesota, All Counties, 2006. Accessed 8-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=%28Z%29+Heat&beginDate_mm=01&beginDate_dd=01&beginDate_yyyy=2006&endDate_mm=12&endDate_dd=31&endDate_yyyy=2006&county=ALL&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&sort=DT&submitbutton=Search&statefips=27%2CMINNESOTA
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Lee County, July 13, 2006. Accessed 8-28-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5520366
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Jackson County, July 16-20. Accessed 8-29-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5527264
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Jefferson County, July 14-21, 2006. Accessed 8-28-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5524375
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis City, July 13-21, 2006. Accessed 8-28-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5524372
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis City, July 29-31, 2006. Accessed 8-29-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5524373
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database, Heat, Missouri, St. Louis City, Aug 7, 2006. Accessed 8-31-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5526176
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis County, July 14-21. 2006. Accessed 8-28-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5524377
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database, Heat, Missouri, Worth County, Aug 1-2, 2006. Accessed 8-30-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5529259
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database, Heat, New Jersey, Essex County, Aug 1-3, 2006. Accessed 8-30-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5531611
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, New York, Bronx, Aug 1-3, 2006. Accessed 8-30-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5531646
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, New York, Brooklyn, Aug 1-3, 2006. Accessed 8-30-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5531649
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database, Heat, New York, Nassau, Aug 1-3, 2006. Accessed 8-30-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5531651
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, New York, New York (Manhattan), Aug 1-3, 2006. Accessed 8-30-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5531647
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database, Heat, New York, Southwest Suffolk, Aug 1-3, 2006. Accessed 8-30-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5531655
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, North Carolina, All Counties, 2006. Accessed 8-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=%28Z%29+Heat&beginDate_mm=01&beginDate_dd=01&beginDate_yyyy=2006&endDate_mm=12&endDate_dd=31&endDate_yyyy=2006&county=ALL&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&sort=DT&submitbutton=Search&statefips=37%2CNORTH+CAROLINA
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, North Dakota, All Counties, 2006. Accessed 8-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=%28Z%29+Heat&beginDate_mm=01&beginDate_dd=01&beginDate_yyyy=2006&endDate_mm=12&endDate_dd=31&endDate_yyyy=2006&county=ALL&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&sort=DT&submitbutton=Search&statefips=38%2CNORTH+DAKOTA
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Canadian County, June 20, 2006. Accessed 8-28-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5516067
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Carter County, June 20, 2006. Accessed 8-28-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5530428
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Garvin County, July 16-31, 2006. Accessed 8-28-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5523804
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Grady County, July 16-31, 2006. Accessed 8-28-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5523805
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Grant County, Aug 1-13, 2006. Accessed 8-30-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5530439
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Johnston County, Aug 1-13, 2006. Accessed 8-30-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5529591
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, McIntosh County, July 17-21, 2006. Accessed 8-29-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5522290
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Oklahoma County, June 19, 2006. Accessed 8-28-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5516066
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Oklahoma County, July 16-21, 2006. Accessed 8-28-2006: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5523893
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Oklahoma County, Aug 1-13, 2006. Accessed 8-30-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5529074
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database, Heat, Oklahoma, Pontotoc, Aug 1-13, 2006. Accessed 8-30-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5529076
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database, Heat, Oklahoma, Pottawatomie, Aug 1-13, 2006. Accessed 8-30-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5529077
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Tulsa County, Aug 9-10, 2006. Accessed 8-31-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5533192
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Woodward County, July 16-31, 2006. Accessed 8-28-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5523903
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Berks County, Aug 1-3, 2006. Accessed 8-30-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5529351
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, PA, Philadelphia, June 22, 2006. Accessed 8-28-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5518475
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, PA, Philadelphia, July 16-18-2006. Accessed 8-28-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5529613
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, PA, Philadelphia, July 28, 2006. Accessed 8-29-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5529608
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, PA, Philadelphia, Aug 1-3, 2006. Accessed 8-30-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5529413
National Climatic Data Center, Storm Events Database. Heat, South Carolina, All Counties, 2006. Accessed 8-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=%28Z%29+Heat&beginDate_mm=01&beginDate_dd=01&beginDate_yyyy=2006&endDate_mm=12&endDate_dd=31&endDate_yyyy=2006&county=ALL&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&sort=DT&submitbutton=Search&statefips=45%2CSOUTH+CAROLINA
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, South Dakota, Pennington CO Plains, July 15-16, 2006. Accessed 8-28-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5521305
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Tennessee, Shelby County, Aug 1, 2006. Accessed 8-30-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5526235
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Tennessee, Shelby County, Aug 10, 2006. Accessed 8-31-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5526129
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Dallas, July 14-21-2006. Accessed 8-28-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5528069
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database, Heat, Texas, Dallas, July 27, 2006. Accessed 8-29-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5528068
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Virginia, All Counties, 2006. Accessed 8-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=%28Z%29+Heat&beginDate_mm=01&beginDate_dd=01&beginDate_yyyy=2006&endDate_mm=12&endDate_dd=31&endDate_yyyy=2006&county=ALL&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&sort=DT&submitbutton=Search&statefips=51%2CVIRGINIA
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, All Counties, 2006. Accessed 8-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=%28Z%29+Heat&beginDate_mm=01&beginDate_dd=01&beginDate_yyyy=2006&endDate_mm=12&endDate_dd=31&endDate_yyyy=2006&county=ALL&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&sort=DT&submitbutton=Search&statefips=55%2CWISCONSIN
National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, Milwaukee County, Aug 1-2, 2006. Accessed 8-30-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5532170
National Weather Service, Central Region Headquarters, Kansas City, MO. Summer Weather Safety. “Missouri Heat Related Deaths.” 7-15-2014 modification. Accessed 9-25-2015 at: http://www.crh.noaa.gov/Image/lsx/wcm/Heat/SummerWeatherSafetySummary.pdf
National Weather Service, NOAA. 2006 Heat Related Fatalities. Accessed 8-24-2015 at: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/hazstats/heat06.pdf
New York Times (Richard Pérez-Peña). “Heat Wave was a Factor in 140 Deaths, New York Says.” 11-16-2006. Accessed 9-2-2015: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/16/nyregion/16heat.html?_r=0
New York Times (Jennifer Steinhauer). “In California, Heat is Blamed for 100 Deaths,” 7-28-2006. Accessed 8-29-2015: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/28/us/28heat.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
NewsOK, Oklahoma City, OK. “Dying Too Young: Banyan Blaze Roberts,” 3-26-2009. Accessed 8-25-2015 at: http://newsok.com/article/3356526
NewsOn6.com, “Girls Left in Hot Car in Comanche County Identified,” 7-3-2006. Accessed 8-25-2015: http://www.newson6.com/story/7633837/girls-left-in-hot-car-in-comanche-county-identified
Northwest Florida Daily News, Fort Walton Beach, FL (Heather Civil), “Mother charged in child’s death: Christina Martin’s daughter died after she was left in a truck for nearly an hour,” 9-15-2006. Accessed 8-24-2015 at: http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-151447273.html
Null, Jan (Dept. of Geoscience, San Francisco State University). 2006 Hyperthermia Deaths of Children in Vehicles. Golden Gate Weather Services. Accessed 8-24-2015 at: http://www.ggweather.com/heat/hyperthermia2006.htm
Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Accident: 200355519 Employee is Overcome by Heat Exhaustion and Dies.” Washington, DC: OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor, 8-9-2006 (Open Date). Accessed 8-28-2015: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=200355519
Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Accident: 201773033 – Employee Dies from Heat related Illness.” 08-07-2006 Open Date. Accessed 8-28-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/accidentsearch.accident_detail?id=201773033
Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 307169482 – General Carbon.” Washington, DC: OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor, 3-10-2009.[145] Accessed 8-28-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=310193818
Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 310193818 – Frye Construction..” Washington, DC: OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor, 4-8-2008. Accessed 8-28-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=310193818
Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 310305966 – Kik Custom Products Inc.” Washington, DC: OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor, 1-29-2007. Accessed 8-28-2015: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=310305966
Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 310354022 – W. C. T., Inc.” Washington, DC: OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor, 2-20-2007. Accessed 8-28-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=310354022
Ostro, Bart D., Lindsey A Roth, Rochelle S. Green, and Rupa Basu. Estimating the Mortality Effect of the July 2006 California Heat Wave. Draft Report from California Climate Change Center for the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, March, 2009. Accessed at: http://www.energy.ca.gov/2009publications/CEC-500-2009-036/CEC-500-2009-036-D.PDF
Philadelphia Inquirer (Joseph A. Garbardello). “7 more deaths tied to the heat that put the city’s toll from the fur days of high temperatures at 15. All but one died inside houses.” Philly.com, 6-13-2008. Accessed 9-2-2015: http://articles.philly.com/2008-06-13/news/25250325_1_heat-related-deaths-heat-deaths-heat-wave
Porterville Recorder, CA. “California heat claims two lives.” 7-24-2006, p. 3. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/porterville-recorder/2006-07-24/page-3/
San Francisco Chronicle. “California Heat Wave was state’s deadliest.” 7-29, 2006. Accessed 2-7-2012 at: http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/07/29/BAGHOK7NTM1.DTL
Savannah Morning News, GA, “Mother who left son in car to die gets 20 years,” 6-27-2007. Accessed 8-25-2015: http://savannahnow.com/stories/062707/180510143.shtml#.Vd0TR5c9Z15
Shreveporttimes.com. “Funeral set Saturday for boy who died after being left in car; Friend says toddler’s father is ‘devoted’; DA to review case.” 8-18-2006. Accessed 8-24-2015 at: http://www.shreveporttimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060818/NEWS03/608180306
Star News (Associated Press), Wilmington, NC. “Woman put on probation in deaths.” 8-8-2007, p. 2B. Accessed 8-24-2015 at: https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1454&dat=20070807&id=yUwaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=tCYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3915,2189688&hl=en
State of Wisconsin Department of Military Affairs, Division of Emergency Management. “Wisconsin Heat Awareness Day June 12, 2014” (Press Release). 6-4-2014. Accessed 9-2-2015 at: http://readywisconsin.wi.gov/heat/docs/HeatAwarenessDay2014Release.pdf
Sun-Sentinel, FL Jerome Burdi, “Dad charged with manslaughter in heated car death,” 8-18-2007. Accessed 8-25-2015: http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2007-08-18/news/0708180023_1_kids-and-cars-hyperthermia-death
Texarkana Gazette (Jim Williamson). “No charges in baby’s heat death,” 6-28-2006. Accessed 8-25-2015 at: http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-chat/1657142/posts
Texas Department of State Health Services. “Heat-Related Deaths by County of Death, 2003-2008.” 12-5-2011 update. Accessed 9-26-2015: https://www.dshs.state.tx.us/chs/vstat/Hotcolddths/occcounty.shtm
The Eagle, Bryan-College Station, TX, “Family using tragedy to raise awareness about child heatstroke deaths,” 7-5-2015. Accessed 8-25-2015 at: http://www.theeagle.com/news/local/family-using-tragedy-to-raise-awareness-about-child-heatstroke-deaths/article_de53415d-9d0a-5eef-b83c-5045d3034948.html
Topeka Capital-Journal (Steve Fry). “Grandmother won’t be charged in toddler’s death.” 1-9-2007. Accessed 8-24-2015: http://cjonline.com/stories/010907/loc_136494679.shtml#.Vdu3V5c9Z14
Trent, Roger B., Ph.D. (CA Dept. of Health Services). Review of July 2006 Heat Wave Related Fatalities in California. Sacramento, CA: Epidemiology and Prevention for Injury Control Branch, California Department of Health Services, May 2007. Accessed 8-31-2015 at: https://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/injviosaf/Documents/HeatPlanAssessment-EPIC.pdf
Tucson Citizen (Tess Martinez), “Death prompts warning to lock vehicles,” 6-23-2006. Accessed 8-25-2015 at: http://tucsoncitizen.com/morgue/2006/06/23/16861-death-prompts-warning-to-lock-vehicles/
WAFB, Baton Rouge, LA. “Toddler Left in Car for Nine Hours.” 9-20-2006. Accessed 8-24-2015 at: http://www.wafb.com/story/5433810/toddler-left-in-car-for-nine-hours
WALB News (Alicia Eakin), Albany, GA. “Charges dropped against foster mother.” 12-11-2006. Accessed 8-24-2015 at: http://www.walb.com/story/5805275/charges-dropped-against-foster-mother
WCTV, Tallahassee, FL. “Charges on Foster Mom Dropped.” 12-8-2006. Accessed 8-24-2015 at: http://www.wctv.tv/home/headlines/4867231.html?site=full
Wikipedia. “2006 North American heat wave.” 3-26-2015 modification. Accessed 8-31-2015 at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_North_American_heat_wave
Wistv.com. “Indiana three-year-old dies in hot car.” 7-17-2006. Accessed 8-25-2015 at: http://www.wistv.com/story/5162493/indiana-three-year-old-dies-in-hot-car
Wjhg.com, Panama City Beach, FL. “Child Death Investigation.” 8-25-2006. Accessed 8-24-2015 at: http://www.wjhg.com/home/headlines/3741511.html
WMCactionnews5.com, Memphis, TN, “Child dies after being left in hot car in Lauderdale County,” 8-9-2006. Accessed 8-24-2015 at: http://www.wmcactionnews5.com/story/5261695/child-dies-after-being-left-in-hot-car-in-lauderdale-county
[1] We show for information purposes – do not use in tally in that (1) the report is for the fiscal year, thus including some portion of 2005, and (2) though written as “Arizona reported 205 deaths…” suggesting (to us) an official report, the footnote cited Derechos Humanos Arizona.
[2] The range is attributable to a 2014 AZ Dept. of Health Services report of 53 heat deaths in 2006 in Maricopa County and a 2013 Maricopa County Department of Public Health report of 85 confirmed heat deaths (out of 104 reported heat death cases) in the county that year. Difference apparently has to do with the county counting 53 “non-homeless” deaths as well as 32 “Homeless Deaths.”
[3] From table “Arizona Deaths From Exposure to Excessive Natural Heat,” based on data from the Arizona Department of Health Services.
[4] Notes that mortality figure is for residents and non-residents (p. 1) and that for the entire time-period covered “illegal immigrants crossing the Arizona border with Mexico accounted for the majority of these deaths.” (p. 2) Writes “Data on the number and characteristics of deaths from heat due to weather conditions were obtained from the mortality database containing information from the death certificates files with the Arizona Department of Health Services….In this report, the deaths from exposure to heat due to weather conditions are classified by ICD-9 [International Classification of Diseases] for 1992-1999 and by ICD-10 for 2000-2009. In addition to death certificates where exposure to excessive natural heat was indicated as the underlying cause of death, heatstroke or sunstroke may be reported on death certificates as contributing factors that had a bearing on the death, but were not its underlying cause. For example, heatstroke and sunstroke were mentioned in 2003-2009 on 103 Arizona death certificates where atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease…, respiratory disease…, diabetes…, or drug overdose/alcohol intoxication… were reported as the underlying cause of death. Those heat-related deaths are beyond the scope of this report. ” (p. 1.) Table 1, p. 15 notes age-range as age 0-4 (1), 5-9 (0), 10-14 (3), 15-19 (8), 20-24 (10), 25-29 (9), 30-34 (12), 35-39 (12), 40-44 (11), 45-49 (13), 50-54 (12), 55-59 (10), 60-64 (10), 65-69 (4), 70-74 (2), 75-79 (5), 80-84 (4), 85+ (4), unknown (7).
[5] “The increase in illegal immigrant traffic across Arizona’s border is a good example of the ‘law of unintended effect’: the result of a rather successful crackdown on illegal immigrants in Texas, New Mexico, and California. By 1998, there was a substantial decline in the number of arrests in the traditional illegal immigration corridors of these three states, while the Tucson sector of Arizona was to become the busiest illegal-crossing corridor along the Southwest border. Prior to 1998, the average annual mortality from exposure to heat among the illegal immigrants crossing the State’s southern border did not exceed three deaths per year. The number of deaths from excessive natural heat among illegal immigrants declined by 57.8 percent from 116 in 2005 to 49 in 2006….Tougher enforcement and a weaker U.S. economy have reduced the number of people trying to cross illegally from Mexico.”
[6] From Figure 2. “Deaths from Exposure to Excessive Natural Heat Occurring in Arizona by State or Country of Residence and Year, 1992-2009.” (p. 5)
[7] “Characteristics of deaths from exposure to excessive natural heat occurring in Arizona by year, 1992-2009.”
[8] CDC WONDER search for ICD-10.X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat), shows 50 direct heat deaths.
[9] CDC WONDER search for ICD-10.X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat), shows 10 direct heat deaths.
[10] Cites (p. 14) Maricopa County Office of Vital Registration and Office of Medical Examiner; Arizona Department of Health Services, Office of Vital Registration. On page 29 the figure of 85 “heat-associated deaths” in the county is broken out to 53 non-homeless and 32 “homeless deaths.” We note the state reported 53 deaths for the county.
[11] Null; Tucson Citizen (Tess Martinez), “Death prompts warning to lock vehicles,” 6-23-2006.
[12] “There have been between five and twenty-three deaths attributed to heat in Arkansas in every year since 2001.”
[13] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Arkansas, Aug 9-10, 2006.
[14] Null; Texarkana Gazette (Jim Williamson), “No charges in baby’s heat death,” 6-28-2006. Gazette article notes the boy died “from excessive heat exposure, citing “Prosecuting Attorney Tom Cooper,” who had report by state medical examiner’s office. Writes that the mother, who had had brain surgery in the past, forgot the child.
[15] “Health impacts spike during…excessive heat events. For example, when deadly heat waves swept across most of the nation in 2006, California was hit the hardest. During a two-week period, 655 deaths, 1,620 excess hospitalizations, and more than 16,000 additional emergency room visits occurred, resulting in nearly $5.4 billion in costs.” Cites: K. Knowlton, M. Rotkin-Ellman, et al. “Six Climate Change-Related Events in the United States Accounted for About $14 billion in Lost Lives and Health Costs.” Health Affairs, Vol. 30, No. 11, November 2011, pp. 2167-2176. We do not use in that it is not crystal clear that these represent heat deaths or a spike in mortality.
[16] “Compared to the non-heat wave days of July 2006 as a reference period, the central estimates of excess mortality during the heat wave ranged from 160 to 333 deaths, depending on the regression model used and the definition of heat wave days.”
[17] Following the previous footnote narrative is: “However, 2006 was warmer than previous years, so if July (1999-2005) is used for the baseline temperature the central estimates ranged from 215 to 505 heat wave deaths. Our results support the hypothesis that coroner reports are likely to understate the true effect of a heat wave.”
[18] Analytical estimate: “In the basic model, we applied the pooled estimated regression effect and 95% CI [confidence interval] based on a Monte Carlo summation of the quantitative temperature-mortality estimates summarized in Table 2. Comparing county-specific temperatures during heat wave days of July 2006 with the average temperatures during non-heat wave days for the same month in 2006, we obtained a central estimate of 188 for the heat wave defines as July 15-26 (95% CI = 119, 257…”
[19] Same narrative as previous footnote except that heat wave period was defined as July 15-31.
[20] The next paragraph in this report following the finding of 188 estimated deaths notes: “Using the average temperatures of July 1999-2005 as a contrast period, we obtained an estimate of 243 deaths (95% CI = 106, 381).
[21] Same narrative as previous footnote except that heat wave period was defined as July 15-31.
[22] “In the second analysis, we used the meta-estimate of the effect of temperature on mortality for all counties in the Monte Carlo summation.”
[23] Same narrative as previous footnote except that heat wave period was defined as July 15-31.
[24] “In the third analysis, e used county-specific regression models that included ozone. In several of these models, the parameter for temperature effects increased…”
[25] Same narrative as previous footnote except that heat wave period was defined as July 15-31.
[26] “…for the final analysis and to ensure that no ozone-related mortality is attributed to temperature, we used a coefficient, relating ozone to mortality, based on a meta-analysis of the 95 largest U.S. cities [citing Bell et al. 2004]. This coefficient was applied to county-specific daily ozone data and the resulting mortality estimates were subtracted from the total mortality derived in the base case.”
[27] Same narrative as previous footnote except that heat wave period was defined as July 15-31.
[28] 140 refers to Coroner-reported hyperthermia; “in excess of 600 heat-related deaths” is from “vital statistics data.”
[29] No source citation is provided, thus we do not include in tally and include for information purposes only.
[30] The numbers added total 150. We write as “at least 150” given the analysis of the Cal. Climate Change Ctr.
[31] This was for 9 reporting counties – Fresno, Imperial, Kern, Los Angeles, Merced, Sacramento, San Bernardino, San Joaquin and Stanislaus. Report writes: “Immediately after the California heat wave in July 2006, county coroners reported that the high temperatures caused approximately 147 deaths. However, heat wave-related deaths are likely to be underreported due to a lack of a clear case definition and the multifactorial nature of heat-related mortality.” (Abstract, p. vii.) Authors go on to write that their analytical estimates of mortality “indicate that actual mortality during the July 2006 heat wave was 2 or 3 times greater than coroner estimates.”
[32] Deaths “identified by California county coroners and medical examiners as ‘heat related’ (HR) from July 15 to August 1, 2006.” Writes that “Ninety percent of the HR victims lived in socioeconomically depressed areas (that is, in zip codes where more than 50 percent of the residents live under the Federal Poverty threshold).” (p. 4)
[33] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, Apple and Yucca Valleys, July 21-27, 2006.
[34] Table 1, “Average daily temperature and mortality data and county statistics, July 1, 2006-July 31, 2006.”
[35] We have highlighted to indicate we do not include in tally in that Fresno County is within the San Joaquin Valley district within which the NCDC notes 30 heat-related deaths within that multiple-county district.
[36] Table 1, “Average daily temperature and mortality data and county statistics, July 1, 2006-July 31, 2006.”
[37] Table 1, “Average daily temperature and mortality data and county statistics, July 1, 2006-July 31, 2006.”
[38] Table 1, “Average daily temperature and mortality data and county statistics, July 1, 2006-July 31, 2006.”
[39] OSHA. “Inspection: 307169482 – General Carbon.”
[40] Table 1, “Average daily temperature and mortality data and county statistics, July 1, 2006-July 31, 2006.”
[41] Table 1, “Average daily temperature and mortality data and county statistics, July 1, 2006-July 31, 2006.”
[42] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, San Diego County Mountains, July 21-27, 2006.
[43] Table 1, “Average daily temperature and mortality data and county statistics, July 1, 2006-July 31, 2006.”
[44] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, SE San Joaquin Valley, June 22-30-2006.
[45] Table 1, “Average daily temperature and mortality data and county statistics, July 1, 2006-July 31, 2006.”
[46] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, San Joaquin Valley, July 16-27. 2006. Thirty deaths are noted for East Central San Joaquin Valley, and 16 for the Southeast, while noting 57 died in seven county area.
[47] NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, Santa Clara Valley including San Jose, July 20-25, 2006.
[48] Table 1, “Average daily temperature and mortality data and county statistics, July 1, 2006-July 31, 2006.”
[49] OSHA. “Inspection: 310193818 – Frye Construction..”
[50] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Delaware, Kent, Aug 1-3, 2006.
[51] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Delaware, Kent, Aug 1-3, 2006.
[52] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, District of Columbia, Aug 1-3, 2006.
[53] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Florida, Hillsborough, July 21, 2006.
[54] Null; Sun-Sentinel, FL Jerome Burdi, “Dad charged with manslaughter in heated car death,” 8-18-2007.
[55] Null, who has location as DeFuniak Springs; Wjhg.com, Panama City Beach, FL, “Child Death Investigation,” 8-25-2006; Defuniak Springs Herald, “Walton County Sheriff investigating minor’s death,” 8-31-2006, p. 6-A, which writes that the location of the death was on Cottage Hill Road in Mossy Head, FL; and Northwest Florida Daily News, Fort Walton Beach, FL (Heather Civil), “Mother charged in child’s death: Christina Martin’s daughter died after she was left in a truck for nearly an hour,” 9-15-2006. Last source writes that the mother was charged with felony aggravated manslaughter of a child for the “extreme dehydration” death of her daughter. A Walton County Sheriff’s Office investigator is quoted as stating that “The baby died from the heat.” The mother said she had gone into her home, turned on some music and fell asleep.
[56] Null; Associated Press, “Baby Dies After Left in Hot Truck All Day in Stuart,” WTVY.com, 8-11-2006.
[57] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Georgia, Rockdale, July 31, 2006.
[58] Null, who has the age at one-year. WCTV, Tallahassee, FL. “Charges on Foster Mom Dropped.” 12-8-2006, which writes that the mother “forgot to drop Duwane Ramsey off at day care.” Another source has the age as one-month. (WALB News (Alicia Eakin), Albany, GA. “Charges dropped against foster mother.” 12-11-2006.)
[59] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, May 30, 2006.
[60] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, July 15-17, 2006.
[61] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Madison County, Aug 1-2, 2006.
[62] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Peoria, July 30-31, 2006.
[63] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Winnebago County, Aug 1-2, 2006.
[64] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, St. Clair County, July 29-31, 2006.
[65] CBS News/AP (James Klatell). “Finally, Relief From the Heat.” 8-3-2006. Cites prison officials and notes that heat contributed to the death of one other prisoner.
[66] Null; Wistv.com. “Indiana three-year-old dies in hot car.” 7-17-2006.
[67] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Iowa, Polk County, July 17, 2006.
[68] Writes “Heat related deaths in Kansas in 2006 were the highest the state has recorded since 134 deaths occurred in 1980….in Topeka during this 29-day period, the average high temperature was 96.5. Twelve days were 100 or higher. The hottest days were July 19 and August 9, with 106….Fourteen of the individuals were male, four female; the median age was 69, while decedents ranged from 1 to 89 years old; fourteen of the deaths were directly the result of extreme heat, with extreme heat a contributing factor in three ischemic heart disease deaths and one fall that resulted in a death; three of the decedents had Alzheimer’s, dementia or mental illness; four persons had chronic disease risk factors such as smoking, diabetes or obesity; two had been working in high heat; one involved an infant left in a car; and three deaths involved prolonged exposure to temperatures greater than 100….Greg Crawford, Office of Health Assessment.”
[69] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Kansas, Montgomery, July 16-20, 2006.
[70] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Kansas, Allen, July 16-20, 2006.
[71] Null; Topeka Capital-Journal (Steve Fry), “Grandmother won’t be charged in toddler’s death,” 1-9-2007.
[72] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Kansas, Sedgwick County, July 16-20, 2006.
[73] Null; Ledger Independent, Maysville, KY, “Toni Barber enters Alford plea,” 10-15-2007. Newspaper reports that “the temperature at 7 p.m. on Aug 1, the night before the boy was found, was 92 degrees.”
[74] From Table: “Heat Stress: Deaths, Louisiana, 1999-2010.” Following pages break fatalities out by 9 LA Regions.
[75] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Louisiana, Bossier Parish, June 12, 2006.
[76] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Louisiana, Bossier Parish, Aug 8, 2006.
[77] Null; Shreveporttimes.com, “Funeral set Saturday for boy who died after being left in car; Friend says toddler’s father is ‘devoted’; DA to review case,” 8-18-2006. Time-frame of approximately nine hours is from WAFB, Baton Rouge, LA. “Toddler Left in Car for Nine Hours,” which notes that the father dropped his 7-year-old off at school but forgot to drop toddler off at day-care on the way to work.
[78] Notes 0 “Hyperthermia Only” and 44 “Complications” for total of 44 in table “Hyperthermia-Related Deaths, 2005-2010. Cites MD Office of the Chief Medical Examiner for data. MD DPSCS is Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services. MD DLLR is Maryland Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulations.
[79] “This year’s total…could surpass the highest since 2006, when 39 heat-related deaths were confirmed, according to a state Department of Health and Mental Hygiene document.”
[80] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database, Heat, MD, Prince Georges, July 18, 2006. Described as “indirectly attributed to this heat wave, since they were related to pre-existing health conditions.”
[81] OSHA. “Accident: 201773033 – Employee Dies from Heat related Illness.” 08-07-2006 Open Date.
[82] Notes: “Deaths due explicitly to heat only, in Minnesota.”
[83] Null; DL-Online, Detroit Lakes, MN, “Osage girl dies in hot car,” 8-2-2006.
[84] “In Mississippi, excessive heat was listed as an underlying or contributing factor in 11 deaths in 2007 and 12 in both 2006 and 2005.”
[85] Null, who reproduces media reports indicating heat stroke as cause of death.
[86] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Lee County, July 13, 2006.
[87] Cites as source: Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS).
[88] Though the dates do not match, this could conceivably be a reference to the death of Jesse Snyder of Kansas City.
[89] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Jefferson County, July 14-21, 2006.
[90] Null, who posts un-sourced article by Shandi Brinkman titled “Boy dies after getting locked in trunk,” 7-13-2006.
[91] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Butler County, July 19-21, 2006. Writes that “Across southeast Missouri, the heat index reached or exceeded 105 degrees on three consecutive afternoons.”
[92] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis City, July 13-21, 2006.
[93] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis County, July 14-21. 2006.
[94] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis City, July 29-31, 2006.
[95] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database, Heat, Missouri, St. Louis City, Aug 7, 2006.
[96] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database, Heat, Missouri, Worth County, Aug 1-2, 2006.
[97] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database, Heat, New Jersey, Essex County, Aug 1-3, 2006.
[98] Cites New York City Department of Health officials, noting that there was a heat wave during these dates.
[99] Cites NYC Health Dept. Writes heat stroke alone “claimed 40 lives in early August.” Continues: “In addition to tallying those deaths, officials at the city’s Department of Health and Mental Hygiene said that for the first time they also calculated the number of ‘excess deaths’ – that is, how many more deaths occurred during the heat wave than would be expected during ordinary summer weather. Since the 1990s, other cities like Chicago have made that calculation, because it can provide a more complete picture of heat-related deaths. The health officials concluded that in addition to the 40 people who succumbed to heat stroke, there were about 100 excess deaths from July 27 to Aug. 5 – people who died from conditions like heart or lung disease, with the heat playing a contributing role. Over those 10 days, the overall death rate in New York City was about 8 percent above normal for the time of year…. Officials did not release the number of excess deaths by day. But they said it was clear that most victims succumbed in the last days of the heat wave, which got hotter as it wore on, or in the days just after…Among the heat stroke victims, just two were known to have working air-conditioning, two-thirds had cardiovascular disease, many had psychiatric conditions or diabetes…most were over age 65….the most isolated people were more likely to die….”
[100] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database, Heat, New York, Nassau, Aug 1-3, 2006; CBS News/AP (James Klatell). “Finally, Relief From the Heat.” 8-3-2006.
[101] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database, Heat, New York, Southwest Suffolk, Aug 1-3, 2006.
[102] OSHA. “Accident: 200355519 – Report ID: 0453710 – Event Date: 08/04/2006.”
[103] Null; Star News (Associated Press), Wilmington, NC. “Woman put on probation in deaths.” 8-8-2007, p. 2B. The AP report notes “A woman whose three young daughters died when they were trapped in a hot car was placed on supervised probation for 36 months after pleading guilty to three counts of involuntary manslaughter….On Nov 10, 2006, Asia and Bry’asia Sheppard, 2-year-old twins, and 4-year-old An’niya Miller climbed into their mother’s four-door Honda parked outside the family’s townhouse near Forest City…The girls were trapped inside the car – which had three door handles that didn’t operate from the inside – for as long as 5½ hours as temperatures outside reached the unseasonable upper 70s. ‘Nobody expected in mid-November to have temperatures reach 111 degrees inside a vehicle, but that’s what happened that day,’ Greenway said [Rutherford County District Attorney].”
[104] Null; Bismarck Tribune, ND, “Authorities say child’s death in minivan is ‘tragic accident’,” 6-29-2006.
[105] Null; NewsOn6.com, “Girls Left in Hot Car in Comanche County Identified,” 7-3-2006.
[106] AP. “Oklahoma’s Heat Death Toll Mounts Despite Break from Heat.” Newson6.com, 8-15-2006.
[107] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Oklahoma County, June 19, 2006.
[108] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Garvin County, July 16-31, 2006.
[109] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Grady County, July 16-31, 2006.
[110] Null; NewsOK, “Dying Too Young: Banyan Blaze Roberts,” 3-26-2009. NewsOK notes father took two other children into house, “became preoccupied,” and forgot to get son out of the car, which “had been parked in sunlight with the windows rolled up…” Notes the boy’s “temperature at the hospital at the time of death was 108.7 degrees.”
[111] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Tulsa County, Aug 9-10, 2006.
[112] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Canadian County, June 20, 2006.
[113] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Berks County, Aug 1-3, 2006.
[114] This Joseph A. Gambardello article, first appearing in the Philadelphia Inquirer, is about 2008 deaths, but cites “officials” as noting there were 27 “heat-related deaths” in 2006.
[115] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, June 22, 2006.
[116] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, July 16-18-2006.
[117] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Berks County, Aug 1-3, 2006.
[118] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Berks County, Aug 1-3, 2006.
[119] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Berks County, Aug 1-3, 2006.
[120] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Berks County, Aug 1-3, 2006.
[121] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Berks County, Aug 1-3, 2006.
[122] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Berks County, Aug 1-3, 2006.
[123] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Berks County, Aug 1-3, 2006.
[124] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Berks County, Aug 1-3, 2006.
[125] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Berks County, Aug 1-3, 2006. Notes that the victim had acute heart disease “that was aggravated by the excessive heat.”
[126] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Berks County, Aug 1-3, 2006.
[127] Null; Savannah Morning News, GA, “Mother who left son in car to die gets 20 years,” 6-27-2007. The child was apparently intentionally left in car by mother in car parked where she worked.
[128] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, South Dakota, Pennington CO Plains, July 15-16, 2006.
[129] Null, who reproduces a News Sentinel article dated 5-30-2006 titled “3-year-old found dead inside car.”
[130] Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 310305966 – Kik Custom Products Inc.” 1-29-2007.
[131] Null; WMCactionnews5.com, Memphis, “Child dies after being left in…car in Lauderdale County,” 8-9-2006.
[132] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Tennessee, Shelby County, Aug 10, 2006.
[133] Null; Dallas Morning News (Tiara M. Ellis), “Dallas day-care owner gets 2 years in 4-year-old’s heat death… Day-care owner left 4-year-old in hot van, tried cover-up,” 12-11-2007. Dallas Morning News writes that the day-care owner was sentenced to two years in prison “for moving the body of a 4-year-old boy, who died from heat exhaustion after being left inside a day-care center van, then ordering her employees to cover up the crime….she ordered two employees to take his body to a nearby Balch Springs park. One of the day-care workers testified that Mrs. Washington told them not to call 911.” Notes the outdoor temperature reached 104 degrees that day. Also, NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database, Heat, Texas, Dallas, July 27, 2006.
[134] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Dallas, July 14-21-2006.
[135] Null; Carrollton Leader, TX (Dan Eakin), “Father charged in baby’s death,” 9-27-2006.
[136] Null, who reproduces an un-sourced article entitled “Mother charged in child’s SUV death.”
[137] Null; KWTX, Waco, TX. “Forgotten Toddler Dies in Hot Car.” 7-18-2006.
[138] Null; The Eagle, Bryan-College Station, TX, “Family using tragedy to raise awareness about child heatstroke deaths,” 7-5-2015; The Monitor (Martinez), “Child dies in locked vehicle; mother charged…” 5-18-2006.
[139] Null; KLTV7, Tyler, TX, “Kerrigan Petty Autopsy Results,” 9-13-2006. KLTV writes the child, who died from environmental heat exposure, was accidentally left in vehicle outside Lindale Police Dept., where father worked.
[140] Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 310354022 – W. C. T., Inc.” 2-20-2007.
[141] Journal Sentinel Bob Purvis), Milwaukee, WI. “Heat suspected in Milwaukee woman’s death.” 8-2-2006, p. 7A. Writes: “The temperature inside the north side home of a 75-year-old woman who died Monday was 96 degrees…Samella Eison died while being taken from her home by paramedics…Eison has a history of heart disease, hypertension and renal failure and was receiving dialysis three times a week…Despite the soaring temperatures in the home, Eison was actually complaining of being cold and wouldn’t allow a window-mounted air conditioner to be turned on because she wanted to save money, her daughter told authorities.”
[142] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, Milwaukee County, Aug 1-2, 2006.
[143] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, Milwaukee County, Aug 1-2, 2006.
[144] Cites IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change). 2014.
[145] The dates in all the OSHA reports we note are the “Close case” date.