34– 874

lornajarrettblanchard January 1, 2010

Compiled by Wayne Blanchard; last edit 2-23-2024 for upload to: http://www.usdeadlyevents.com/

–874 Blanchard. Based on State breakouts below. See Blanchard note below on sources (*)

–799 Hurt, Alyson (NPR), citing National Center for Health Statistics, in Huang, 8-26-2023.

–794 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, Census Region, T67 (heat and light) code.

— 82 Northeast –407 South

— 99 Midwest –206 West

–785 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, HHS Region, T67. [Our number; no total given.]

— 10 HHS Region #1 CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, VT

— 35 HHS Region #2 NJ, NY

— 95 HHS Region #3 DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, WV

–192 HHS Region #4 AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN

— 58 HHS Region #5 IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, WI

–161 HHS Region #6 AR, LA, NM, OK, TX

— 40 HHS Region #7 IA, KS, MO, NE

— ? HHS Region #8 CO, MT, ND, SD, UT

–184 HHS Region #9 AZ, CA, HI, NV

— 10 HHS Region #10 AK, IS, OR, WA

–738 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, Census Region, X30 (excessive natural heat).

— 76 Northeast –386 South

— 86 Midwest –190 West

–733 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, Census Region, T67 and X30 code search.

— 76 Northeast –385 South

— 86 Midwest –186 West

–723 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, HHS Region, X30. [Our number; no total given.]

— 10 HHS Region #1 CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, VT

— 30 HHS Region #2 NJ, NY

— 92 HHS Region #3 DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, WV

–183 HHS Region #4 AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN

— 49 HHS Region #5 IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, WI

–149 HHS Region #6 AR, LA, NM, OK, TX

— 36 HHS Region #7 IA, KS, MO, NE

— ? HHS Region #8 CO, MT, ND, SD, UT

–174 HHS Region #9 AZ, CA, HI, NV

— ? HHS Region #10 AK, IS, OR, WA

–718 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 heat/light. [Our number; no total given.]

–668 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 natural heat. [Our number; no total given.]

–474 CDC Wonder. Compressed Mortality File. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X-30.[1]

–138 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2011 Heat Related Fatalities. 5-8-2012.

— 49 Children dying of heat stroke (hyperthermia) in cars. KidsandCars.org.[2]

— 49 Jan Null. 2010 Hyperthermia Deaths of Children in Vehicles. 2015.

*Blanchard note on sources: Ours, by necessity, is a compilation from several sources. (1) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER database primary and multiple cause of death searches for T67 and X30. (2) The National Climatic Data Center, NOAA which allows internet searches via the Storm Events Database. For “heat,” one has to do two searches – one for “excessive heat” and one for “heat.” Frequently the entries in one seem similar to ones in the other. The NCDC also publishes Storm Data, a monthly, electronically accessible. (3) The National Weather Service, another NOAA entity, publishes tables on heat fatalities. Their figures differ from NCDC figures. None of the NOAA sources is comprehensive for two subsets – children in vehicles and workers, though one can find references to each. (4) For more comprehensive coverage of children dying in cars due to heat one must go to one of the several websites devoted to young child heat deaths in vehicles for child deaths (such as Jan Null and KidsAndCars.org). (5) OSHA provides more comprehensive coverage of worker heat-related fatalities. (6) There is also newspaper coverage, particularly when looking for end-of-heat-season statements by State Offices of Chief Medical Examiners. Frequently their numbers differ markedly from CDC, NCDC or NWS figures. (7) State and local Public Heath or Vital Statistic entities.

Note on ICDC Codes used in CDC Wonder Online Database above and below: We use the T67 and X30 codes described below. We use them independently in the “Census Region,” “HHS Region” and “State” locations in the search page. There are two “boxes” to search – ?Underlying Cause of Death” and “Multiple Causes of Death” – the higher numbers are to be found when using the Multiple Causes of Death option for “Census Region.”)

T67 Effects of heat and light

T67.0 (Heatstroke and sunstroke);

T67.1 (Heat syncope); heat syncope [fainting]; factors include dehydration and lack of acclimatization.

T67.2 (Heat cramp);

T67.3 (Heat exhaustion, anhydrotic); [Note: T67 codes are in the class of “multiple

T67.4 (Heat exhaustion due to salt depletion); cause of death,” meaning, usually, that heat

T67.5 (Heat exhaustion, unspecified); contributed to or combined with another

T67.6 (Heat fatigue, transient); cause of death – such as a heart condition.]

T67.7 (Heat oedema);

T67.8 (Other effects of heat and light);

T67.9 (Effect of heat and light, unspecified)

X30 Exposure to excessive natural heat; hyperthermia. [Underlying (or primary) cause of death.]

[See State Breakout Summary Below]
Summary of Fatalities by State

Alabama 14 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 heat and light.

Arizona 228 Especially Maricopa County (82) and Pima County (74).

Arkansas 25 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 heat and light.

California 47 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 heat and light.

Florida 27 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 heat and light.

Georgia 28 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 heat and light.

Illinois 17 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67. (Esp. greater Chicago)

Indiana 10 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 heat and light.

Kentucky 17 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 heat and light.

Louisiana 19 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 heat and light.

Maine 1

Maryland 34 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67. (Esp. greater Baltimore.)

Michigan 10 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 heat and light.

Mississippi 34 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 heat and light.

Missouri 26 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67. (Esp. greater St. Louis.)

Nevada 46 Clark Co., NV. Coroner’s Office in Las Vegas Review Journal, 6-30-2022.

New Jersey 1

New Mexico 1

New York 28 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67. (Esp. greater NYC)

North Carolina14 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 heat and light.

Ohio 11 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 heat and light.

Oklahoma 19 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 heat and light.

Pennsylvania 37 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67. (Esp. greater Philly.)

South Carolina14 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 heat and light.

South Dakota 1

Tennessee 45 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30. (Esp. greater Memphis.)

Texas 94 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 heat and light.

Virginia 14 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 heat and light.

Washington 1

West Virginia 2

Wisconsin 9

Total 874

Fatality Breakouts by State

Alabama ( 14)

–14 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–14 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 natural heat.

–14 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 Underlying and T67 Multiple Cause.

— 1 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2010 Heat Related Fatalities. 7-13-2011.

— 1 Franklin County, Waco community, June 14. Suffocation, boy, 4, playing in vehicle.[3]

— 1 Tuscaloosa County, Echola, July 30. ShyAnne Layla Montz, 19 months, in family car.[4]

Arizona (228)

–228 Blanchard. We use AZ DHS except we subtract their Maricopa Co. number (40) and

Substitute Maricopa County Dept. of Public Health number of 82 to derive 228 heat-

associated deaths. [5]

–186 AZ DHS. “Heat-Caused & Heat-Associated Deaths in Arizona by Year (2008-2018).”

–137 Heat-Caused Deaths –40 Maricopa County

— 49 Heat-Associated Deaths –74 Pima County

— 6 Pinal County

— * 7 counties where deaths were 1-5 in each.

[The county tally above does not match with State total of 186 heat-associated deaths.

The county breakout totals 120. Even if all seven counties with 1-5 deaths had five, that

would be 35. When added to 120 for Maricopa, Pima and Pinal, that comes to 155. We

surmise that the number noted for Maricopa (40) is incorrect. If the CDC X30 number for

Maricopa County (73) is used instead, the total Arizona deaths would be 153 for the three

named counties. If 7 asterisked counties had 5 deaths the total would be 188.]

–186 KJZZ 91.5, AZ (Jung). “Big Drop in Arizona Heat-Related Deaths in 2014.” 5-8-2015.[6]

— 98 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

— 91 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 exposure to excessive natural heat.

— 90 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 Underlying and T67 Multiple Cause.

— 49 CDC Wonder. ICD-10, X-30 code (exposure to excessive natural heat), 8-21-2016.

— 10 NCDC. Storm Events Database. Event Details. Excessive Heat. Arizona.

Arizona Fatality Breakouts by Locality:

–82 Maricopa Co. Maricopa Co. DPH (Berisha). Impact of Extreme Heat on Mortality… 2013, 13.[7]

–73 “ “ CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County and T67 search.

–40 “ “ AZ DHS. “Heat-Caused & Heat-Associated Deaths in Arizona by Year (2008-2018).”

–32 “ “ CDC WONDER. ICD-10, X-30 code (exposure to excessive natural heat).

–1 Phoenix, June 27. Girl (Zipporah Johnson), 21-months, left in car.[8]

–1 Chandler, July 13. Jaden Pennington, 3; wandered off and into car.[9]

–5 Aug. (2 heat-related and 3 heat-caused).[10]

–3 Sep. Storm Events Database. Event Details. Excessive Heat. [AZ].[11]

— 1 Mohave Co., Kingman, Sep 20. Baby girl left in car where temp. over 100° measured.[12]

–74 Pima County. AZ DHS. “Heat-Caused & Heat-Associated Deaths in Arizona by Year (2008-2018).”

–13 “ “ CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County and T67 search.

–10 “ “ CDC WONDER. ICD-10, X-30 code (exposure to excessive natural heat).

— 6 Pinal County. AZ DHS. “Heat-Caused & Heat-Associated Deaths in Arizona by Year (2008-2018).”

Arkansas (25)

–25 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–21 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 exposure to excessive natural heat.

–21 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 Underlying and T67 Multiple Cause.

–17 CDC Wonder. ICD-10, X-30 code (exposure to excessive natural heat), 8-21-2016.

— 8 Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.

— 7 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2010 Heat Related Fatalities. 7-13-2011.

— 1 June 22, Washington County, Springdale, June 22. Female, 32, at home.[13]

— 1 July 15, Bradley, Hermitage. Heatstroke; migrant farm worker; field work.[14]

— 1 Aug 3, Pulaski County. Male, 41, after working outside most of the day July 31.[15]

— 1 Aug 4, Faulkner County, Mayflower. Female, 66.[16]

— 1 Aug 11 (Oct 12). Johnson Co., Lamar. HS football player, 16, collapsed from the heat.[17]

— 1 Aug 13, Benton Co., Bentonville. Girl, Carsyn Alexis Reaves, 14 mos., left in car by father.[18]

— 1 Aug 21, Craighead County. NCDC. Storm Events Database. “Excessive Heat. Ark.”

— 1 Sep 17, El Dorado. Heat stroke; Male, industrial cleaning worker.[19]

California (47)

–47 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–43 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 exposure to excessive natural heat.

–41 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 Underlying and T67 Multiple Cause.

–36 CA Dept. of Public Health. “Table 5. Heat-related deaths, 2000-2011 (Crude Rates).”

–29 CDC Wonder. ICD-10, X-30 code (exposure to excessive natural heat), 8-21-2016.

–12 Los Angeles County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County and T67 search.

— 1 Antioch, April 18. Sofia Wisher, 7 months; left in family station wagon at home by parents.[20]

— 1 Beaumont, July 14. “Heart attack due to heat.” Bridge, tunnel, highway construction co.[21]

— 1 Bronson Canyon, Sep 28. LA Times. Sally Menke. 56; editor, Quentin Tarantino’s movies.[22]

— 1? Carson, May 12. Landscaping worker “began vomiting and shaking, possibly from heat stress.”[23]

Florida (27)

–27 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–26 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 exposure to excessive natural heat.

–26 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 Underlying and T67 Multiple Cause.

–20 Gorucu. “Natural Heat-Related Deaths In Florida: 2010-2020.” Univ. of FL, IFAS Ext.

–19 CDC Wonder. Compressed Mortality File ICD-10, X-30 code (excessive natural heat).

— 1 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2010 Heat Related Fatalities. 7-13-2011.

Breakout by Florida Counties:

— 1 Broward Co., Miramar, Oct 3. Kimberly James, 14-mo., accidentally left by father in vehicle.[24]

— 1 Hillsborough Co., Tampa, Sep 12. Girl, 3, left in SUV hour and 45 minutes in high heat.[25]

— 1 Lee County, Fort Myers, March 8. Girl, Payton McKinnon, 17-mo.; left in car by father.[26]

— 1 Leon County, Tallahassee, Sep 3. Zariah Williams, 6 months; left in hot car by mother.[27]

— 1 Miami-Dade County, Miami, Aug 27. Jossue Medina, 3; left in car by mother.[28]

— 1 Palm Beach County, Delray Beach, Aug 5. Haile Brockington, 2½ yrs; in day-care van.[29]

Georgia (28)

–28 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–25 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 exposure to excessive natural heat.

–25 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 Underlying and T67 Multiple Cause.

–21 CDC Wonder. Compressed Mortality File. X-30 code (exposure to excessive natural heat).

— 7 Blanchard tally of locality breakouts below.

— 3 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2010 Heat Related Fatalities. 7-13-2011.

Georgia Breakout by Locality:

— 2 Bleckley County, July 24. Elderly couple died of heat exhaustion.[30]

— 1 Cherokee County, Canton, Aug 15. Jurnee Kynde Ingram, 3, after getting into family van.[31]

— 1 Columbia County, Evans, Aug 22. Girl (Sydney Stanley), 6, after getting into family SUV.[32]

— 1 Gwinnett County, Lawrenceville, June 17. Environmental heatstroke; male trash worker.[33]

— 1 Monroe County, Forsyth, Apr 23. Joseph Chatmon, 21 months; left in van by mother.[34]

— 1 Twiggs County, Jeffersonville, July 26. Female, 47, sitting on home porch.[35]

Illinois (17)

–17 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–13 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 exposure to excessive natural heat.

–13 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 Underlying and T67 Multiple Cause.

— 7 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2010 Heat Related Fatalities. 7-13-2011.[36]

Illinois Breakout by Locality:

–1 Cook County, Chicago, July 18. Heat stroke, male, 59, at home.[37]

–1 Cook County, July 29. Heat stroke, female, 95, at home. NCDC. Storm Events Data.

–1 Cook County, Chicago, Aug 12, girl, 13-months, heat stress in a home.[38]

–1 Will County, Joliet, May 26. Heatstroke; male; new landscaping employee, temps. >90°.[39]

Indiana (10)

–10 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

Kentucky (21)

–21 CDC Wonder. ICD-10, X-30 code (exposure to excessive natural heat), 8-21-2016.

–17 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–11 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 exposure to excessive natural heat.

–11 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 Underlying and T67 Multiple Cause.

— 4 Blanchard tally of locality breakouts below.

— 1 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2010 Heat Related Fatalities. 7-13-2011.

Breakout by Kentucky Counties:

— 2 Barren Co., near Glasgow, Aug 6. Dylan, 5, and Jaxon Payne, 3; got into family truck.[40]

— 1 Fayette County, Lexington, June 19. Holly Judy, 5 months, left by mother in car.[41]

— 1 Graves County, Aug 3-4. Male, 64, after doing yard work.[42]

Louisiana (19)

–19 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–19 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 exposure to excessive natural heat.

–19 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 Underlying and T67 Multiple Cause.

–17 LA DHH. Heat Stress: Hospital Admissions…and Deaths in Louisiana. 2012, p. 9.[43]

–15 CDC Wonder. ICD-10, X-30 code (exposure to excessive natural heat), 8-21-2016.

— 7 Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.

— 6 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2010 Heat Related Fatalities. 7-13-2011.[44]

Breakout by Louisiana Parish (where noted):

–1 Bossier Parish, Aug 14. NCDC. Storm Data, Vol. 52, No. 8, Aug 2010, p. 192.

–2 “ “ Aug 16. NCDC. Storm Data, Vol. 52, No. 8, Aug 2010, p. 192.

–1 Claiborne Parish, Aug 15. NCDC. Storm Data, Vol. 52, No. 8, Aug 2010, p. 192.

–1 Lower Plaquemines-Upper Jefferson, Aug 1-2. Storm Data 52/8, Aug 2010, p. 194.

–1 Rapides Parish, Alexandria, July 16. Heatstroke; clean-up construction worker.[45]

–1 Rapides Parish, Hineston, June 21. Heat exhaustion, boy, 2; climbed into vehicle.[46]

Maine ( 1)

–1 Rockland, July 29. Paul Giansiracusa Jr., 2½, “because of the hot temperatures”[47] after getting into car.[48]

Maryland (34)

–34 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–34 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 exposure to excessive natural heat.

–34 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 Underlying and T67 Multiple Cause.

–32 MD Dept. Health. “Maryland’s first 2015 heat-related death involved young…” 7-16-2015.

–30 MD StateStat. “Heat-Related Deaths.” From MD DPSCS / DLLR meeting, 11-22-2011.[49]

–24 Baltimore Sun. “15 Md. heat-related deaths tallied this summer, lowest since 2009.” 9-17-2013.

–16 AP. “[MD] Three More Heat-Related Deaths.” Frederick News-Post, 7-24-2010, A2.[50]

— 9 Blanchard tally of locality breakouts below.

— 6 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2010 Heat Related Fatalities. 7-13-2011.

Maryland Fatality Breakouts by Location:

–2 Baltimore, June 24. “A local newspaper reported two fatalities due to hyperthermia.”[51]

–1 “ July 4-8. Female, 65, at home. Storm Events Database. Heat. MD.[52]

–1 “ July 18-24. Senior citizen, in home; temperature outside about 90.[53]

–1 Cecil County, June 23-24. Elderly female.[54]

–1 Location not noted, approximately July 24. Cardiac arrest, male biker, 20.[55]

–1 Montgomery County, June 24. One ‘fatality due to hyperthermia.”[56]

–1 Prince Georges Co., June 29. “…fatality of a senior citizen due to hyperthermia…”[57]

–1 “ July 18-24. Senior citizen, found outside.[58]

Michigan (10)

–10 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–10 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 exposure to excessive natural heat.

–10 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 Underlying and T67 Multiple Cause.

— 3 Blanchard tally of locality breakouts below.

— 2 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2010 Heat Related Fatalities. 7-13-2011.

— 1 Kent County, Wyoming, May 28. Lesli Selena Cuevas-Villagomez, ~3; wandered into car.[59]

— 1 Oakland Co., Waterford, July 4. Hyperthermia; homeless female, 56, in her car.[60]

— 1 Wayne County, Grosse Pointe Farms, July 7. Male, 81, non-air conditioned home.[61]

Minnesota ( 0)

— 0 Minnesota Department of Health. Heat-related Deaths: Facts & Figures. 2015.[62]

Mississippi (34)

–34 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–34 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 exposure to excessive natural heat.

–34 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 Underlying and T67 Multiple Cause.

–24 CDC Wonder. ICD-10, X-30 code (exposure to excessive natural heat), 8-21-2016.

–11 Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.

–10 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2010 Heat Related Fatalities. 7-13-2011.

Breakout of Mississippi Fatalities by Locality:

–1 Bolivar County, Cleveland, Aug 1-4. Male found dead outside home.[63]

–2 Harrison County, Smith Road Mobile Home, ~July 30. Heat stroke, females 57 & 65.[64]

–1 Harrison County, Biloxi, Sep 14. Esther Tsang, 18 months; left in van 7 hours by mother.[65]

–1 Jackson County, Moss Point,[66] Aug 2. Worker, 48, collapsed/died hwy. construction.[67]

–1 Jefferson County, Aug 1-4. Male, 48, died while mowing his lawn.[68]

–1 Monroe County, July 29-31. Female, 81, outside. Storm Events Database. MS. Heat.

–1 Monroe Co., Aug 1-2. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat, MS, Monroe, Aug 1-2, 2010.

–1 Panola County, Aug 1-5. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. MS.

–1 Pontotoc County, Aug 1-5. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. MS.[69]

–1 Washington County, Aug 1-4. Female found dead, Aug 5, in 100° home.[70]

Missouri (26)

–26 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–26 NWS CRH, Kansas City, MO. Summer Weather Safety. “[MO] Heat Related Deaths.”[71]

–25 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 exposure to excessive natural heat.

–25 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 Underlying and T67 Multiple Cause.

–19 CDC Wonder. ICD-10, X-30 code (exposure to excessive natural heat), 8-21-2016.

— 7 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2010 Heat Related Fatalities. 7-13-2011.

–2 Jackson County, Kansas City, Aug 2-14. Male, 86, and female, 92, in apartments.[72]

–2 New Madrid Co., Portageville, June 16. Twin girls, 2 years, hot car, apt. complex.[73]

–1 St. Louis, Aug 2-4. Male, 68 in home with air conditioning, but not in use.[74]

–1 St. Louis, Aug 12. Female, 74, at home. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. MO.

–1 St. Louis, Aug 8-14. Male, 65, at home. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. MO.

Nevada (46)

–46 Clark County, NV. Clark Co. Coroner’s Office in Las Vegas Review Journal, 6-30-2022.

–38 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 exposure to excessive natural heat.

–37 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–37 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 Underlying and T67 Multiple Cause.

–36 Clark County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County and T67 search.

–23 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2010 Heat Related Fatalities. 7-13-2011.

–1 Lake Mead/Lake Mohave Nat. Recreation Area, Telephone Cove, July 24. Male, 73.[75]

–1 “ Aug 6. NCDC. Storm Data, Vol. 52, No. 8, Aug 2010, p. 303.

–1 Las Vegas Valley, June 4. Female, 72, outside. Storm Events Database. Heat, Nev.

–1 “ June 5-6. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Nev.

–5 “ July 4-12. Males, 40, 49, 81, outside; male, 61, at home; female, 53, inside.[76]

–1 “ July 18-20. Female, 63, outside.[77]

–1 “ July 18-20. Male, 66, at home. Storm Events Database. Nevada.

–1 “ July 18-20. Male, 85, at home. Storm Events Database. Nevada.

–1 “ July 18-20. Male, 67, at home. Storm Events Database. Nevada.

–1 “ July 18-20. Male, 42, permanent structure. Storm Events. Nevada.

–1 “ July 18-20. Male, 65, vehicle/towed trailer. Storm Events. Nev.

–2 “ July 24-30. Male, 53, outside. Female, 52, at home.[78]

–4 “ July 24-30. Males, 34, 46, 54, 79, “permanent structures.”[79]

–2 “ Aug 3-6. NCDC. Storm Data, Vol. 52, No. 8, Aug 2010, p. 303.

New Jersey ( 1) National Weather Service, NOAA. 2010 Heat Related Fatalities. 7-13-2011.

–1 Eastern Passaic, June 4-7. NCDC. Storm Events Database. “Excessive Heat. NJ.”

New Mexico ( 1) National Weather Service, NOAA. 2010 Heat Related Fatalities. 7-13-2011.

— 1 Albuquerque, Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute, July 14. Female, 2, in vehicle.[80]

New York (28)

–28 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–23 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 exposure to excessive natural heat.

–23 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 Underlying and T67 Multiple Cause.

–18 CDC Wonder. ICD-10, X-30 code (exposure to excessive natural heat), 8-21-2016.

–11 Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.

–10 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2010 Heat Related Fatalities. 7-13-2011.

–10 New York City:

–2 Kings (Brooklyn), July 24-25. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. NY.

–2 Manhattan, July 4-7. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. New York.

–4 Queens, July 4-7. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. New York.

–1 “ Female, 47. Reported as a heat-related death on July 8.[81]

–2 Staten Isl., July 4-7. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. New York.

— 1 Oswego Co., Volney, July 5. Reba Jean Barton, 9-mo., left by mother in closed camper.[82]

North Carolina (14)

–14 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–14 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 exposure to excessive natural heat.

–14 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 Underlying and T67 Multiple Cause.

–13 CDC Wonder. Compressed Mortality File. X-30 code (exposure to excessive natural heat).

Ohio (11)

–11 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–11 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 exposure to excessive natural heat.

–11 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 Underlying and T67 Multiple Cause.

–10 CDC Wonder. ICD-10, X-30 code (exposure to excessive natural heat), 8-21-2016.

— 3 Blanchard tally of locality breakouts below:

— 1 Columbus, May 26. Heatstroke, Madison Jones, 9-mo., left in car 4 hours by grandmother.[83]

— 1 York Twp., Aug 12. Heatstroke, Justina Lyon, 2; climbed into neighbor’s unlocked car.[84]

— 1 York Twp., Aug 16. Heat-related injuries; Mary McCormick, sister of Justina Lyon, same car.[85]

Oklahoma (19)

–19 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–18 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 exposure to excessive natural heat.

–18 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 Underlying and T67 Multiple Cause.

–11 CDC Wonder. ICD-10, X-30 code (exposure to excessive natural heat), 8-21-2016.

— 2 Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.

— 1 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2010 Heat Related Fatalities. 7-13-2011.

Breakout of Oklahoma heat-related fatalities by locality:

— 1 Meeker, May 26. Atrinity Hasbel, 2; in minivan; mother’s roommate forgot to take her to daycare.[86]

— 1 Skiatook, July 22. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Oklahoma.

Pennsylvania (37)

–37 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–36 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 exposure to excessive natural heat.

–36 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 Underlying and T67 Multiple Cause.

–24 Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.

–22 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2010 Heat Related Fatalities. 7-13-2011.

–17 CDC Wonder. ICD-10, X-30 code (exposure to excessive natural heat), 8-21-2016.

–17 Philadelphia County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County and T67 search.

Pennsylvania Breakout by Counties and Localities:

–1 Adams Co., Biglerville, July 8. Hyperthermia; male worker pulling weeds in orchard.[87]

–1 Allegheny Co., Whitehall, July 8. Edward Pilch, 89. AP. Heat wave…” 7-8-2010. [88]

–1 Bucks County, Langhorne care center, July 24. Severely autistic male, 20 in van.[89]

–1 Delaware County, Havertown, July 16-19. Male, 81, at home. Storm Events. PA.

–1 Delaware County, Chester, July 16-19. Male, 61, at home. Storm Events. PA.

–1 Greene County, Rices Landing, July 6. Heatstroke; male, 31, pool construction worker.[90]

–1 Lehigh County, Whitehall Township, July 5-7. Male, 89, at home.[91]

–3 Montgomery County, Norristown, July 5-7. Males, mental disabilities, 53, 56, 62.[92]

–1 Philadelphia, June 2. Male 50, outside at 8^th and Walnut streets.[93]

–1 Philadelphia, June 2-6. Male, 77, 2^nd floor bedroom, windows closed, no air conditioning.[94]

–1 Philadelphia, June 27. Female, 46; all home doors/windows shut, no air conditioning.[95]

–1 Philadelphia, June 27. Male, 88; all windows closed, had running box fan.[96]

–6 Philadelphia, July 5-7. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. PA. [97]

–1 Female, 92, at home. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. PA.[98]

–1 Female, 90, at home. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. PA.

–1 Male, 78, at home. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. PA.

–1 Male, 67, at home. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. PA.

–1 Male, 73, at home. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. PA.

–1 Male, 62, at home. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. PA.

–2 Philadelphia, July 16-18, Females, 85 and 91, at homes. Storm Events Database. PA.

–3 Philadelphia, July 23-25. Females, 66 and 90, and male, 56, at homes.[99]

South Carolina (14)

–14 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–14 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 exposure to excessive natural heat.

–14 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 Underlying and T67 Multiple Cause.

–10 CDC Wonder. ICD-10, X-30 code (exposure to excessive natural heat), 8-21-2016.

South Dakota ( 1)

— 1 De Smet, Aug 11. Logan Eugene Steffensen, 5-months, left in car by parent.[100]

Tennessee (45)

–45 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 exposure to excessive natural heat.

–44 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–44 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 Underlying and T67 Multiple Cause.

–24 Blanchard tally from locality breakouts below.

–22 CDC Wonder. ICD-10, X-30 code (exposure to excessive natural heat), 8-21-2016.

–22 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2010 Heat Related Fatalities. 7-13-2011.

Breakout of Tennessee Heat-Related Fatalities by Locality, where noted:

— 1 Coffee County, Manchester, May 15. Gavin Demarest, 2.[101]

— 1 Madison County, June 19. Boy (Hunter Jack Iles), 2, in “vehicle/towed trailer.”[102]

— 1 Rutherford Co., La Vergne, Aug 13. Lisa Vorasane, 18 months, left in car by mother.[103]

–22 Shelby County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County and T67 search.

— 5 Shelby County, June 18-25. Males, 53, 70, 88; females, 79 and 90; all at home.[104]

— 1 “ “ July 22. Male, 57, at home. Storm Events Database. Heat, TN, 2010.[105]

— 1 “ “ July 25-26. Male, 56, in “vehicle/towed trailer.”[106] In home carport.[107]

— 1 “ “ July 29-31. Male, 66, outside. Storm Events Database. Heat, TN, 2010.

— 7 “ “ Aug 1-5. NCDC Storm Events Database, Excessive Heat, TN, Shelby.

— 4 “ “ Aug 10-15. NCDC Storm Events Database, Excessive Heat, TN, Shelby.

— 1 “ “ Aug 21-22. NCDC Storm Events Database. Heat, TN, Shelby, 2010.

— 1 Tipton County, June 12-14. Male, 82, outside. Storm Events Database. Heat. TN.

Texas (94)

–94 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–89 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 exposure to excessive natural heat.

–89 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 Underlying and T67 Multiple Cause.

–65 CDC Wonder. ICD-10, X-30 code (exposure to excessive natural heat), 8-21-2016.

–39 Blanchard tally from locality breakouts below.

— 4 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2010 Heat Related Fatalities. 7-13-2011.

Breakout of Texas Fatalities by Locality:

— 1 Angelina County, Aug 2. NCDC. Storm Data, Vol. 52, No. 8, Aug 2010, p. 434.

–1 Lufkin, Aug 24. Isabella Marie Stanaland, 3 months; left in car by father.[108]

— 1 Aransas Co., Rockport, July 11. Anthony Michael Hickey, 18-mo., left in car by parents.[109]

— 1 Atascosa County, Jourdanton, Aug 18. Heatstroke; male archaeologist.[110]

— 1 Bexar County, San Antonio, June 4. Asante Arellano, 33 months; wandered off, into car.[111]

— 1 Collin Co., Wylie, Aug 12. Carson Adams, 2, left in car by father; outside temp. over 100.[112]

–14 Dallas County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County and T67 search.

–1 Dallas, Red Bird area, Apr 29. Girl, 7-mo; left in car >4 hours by family friend.[113]

–1 Dallas, June 20. Hyperthermia, female, 73, in home. Storm Events Database. Heat.

–1 Dallas, Sep 16. Boy, 2 months; left in hot van at least 6 hours, mid-90s temp.[114]

— 1 El Paso County, Socorro, Aug 27. Manny Malique Armendariz, 2; left by father in car.[115]

— 1 Gregg Co., Longview, June 18. Melody Bocanegra, 2; left by father in vehicle ~5 hrs.[116]

–11 Harris County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County and T67 search.

–1 Houston, July 15. Heat stress; air conditioning worker; bldg. top.[117]

–1 Houston, July 27. Boy, 2½, wandered away from babysitter, into car.[118]

–1 Houston, Aug 19. Khoa Nguyen, 2, forgotten by parents 2 hrs. in SUV.[119]

–1 Harrison County, Marshall, Aug 4. Heat stroke; brick and clay tile worker.[120]

–1 Kleberg County, Kingsville, June 16. Alexia Ortiz, 11 months, left in vehicle by mother.[121]

–1 Polk County, Moscow, Aug 4. Heat stress/heat exhaustion; male, sawmill worker.[122]

–1 Tarrant County, Fort Worth, May 27. Boy, 18 months; wandered away and into car.[123]

–1 Val Verde County, Del Rio, May 5. Juan Ramirez, 3; found in family vehicle at home.[124]

–1 “ “ Del Rio, July 15. Male, 70, in mobile home; heat index ~100.[125]

–1 Vidor County, Orange, Aug 4. Hyperthermia; male, clearing tree branches.[126]

Virginia (14)

–14 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–14 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 exposure to excessive natural heat.

–14 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, X30 Underlying and T67 Multiple Cause.

–13 CDC Wonder. ICD-10, X-30 code (exposure to excessive natural heat), 8-21-2016.

— 1 Ridgeway, June 28. Heat exhaustion; roofing worker, “very hot conditions.”[127]

Washington ( 2)

— 2 Blanchard tally from locality breakouts below.

— 1 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2010 Heat Related Fatalities. 7-13-2011.

— 1 Blue Mountain Foothills, Walla Walla, July 25-26; Male, 86, heat stroke at home.[128]

— 1 Puyallup, Aug 5. Heat Exhaustion. Male; garbage truck worker; body temp. >108°.[129]

West Virginia ( 2)

— 1 Parkersburg, May 27. Hyperthermia/environmental heatstroke. Male concrete worker.[130]

— 1 Welch, July 22. Heat stress/heat exhaustion; male stringing fiber optic line; temps in 90s.[131]

Wisconsin ( 9)

— 9 State of WI. Wisconsin Heat Awareness Day June 12, 2014” (Press Release). 6-4-2014.[132]

— 1 Pewaukee, May 24. Heat related stress/heat exhaustion; male worker, pouring concrete.[133]

— 1 Prairie du Sac, July 17. Tanner Lee Nelson, 16-mo.; in camper insufficiently checked by mother.[134]

Narrative Information

(On Heat)

CDC. “Heat-Related Deaths – [U.S.], 1999-2003,” MMWR, V55, N29, 7-28-2006, 796-798:

“Heat-related illnesses (e.g., heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat syncope, or heatstroke) can occur when high ambient temperatures overcome the body’s natural ability to dissipate heat. Older adults, young children, and persons with chronic medical conditions are particularly susceptible to these illnesses and are at high risk for heat-related mortality. Previous analyses of the risk factors associated with heat-related deaths have been based on the underlying cause entered on the death certificate. The analysis revealed that including these deaths increased the number of heat-related deaths by 54% and suggested that the number of heat-related deaths is underestimated.

“CDC uses information from death certificates categorized by codes from the International Classification of Diseases to estimate national mortality trends. These data, collected and submitted by states, were used to determine the number of deaths in the United States during 1999–2003 that had exposure to excessive natural heat^§ recorded as the underlying cause (code X30 from ICD, tenth revision [ICD-10]), hyperthermia recorded as a contributing factor (ICD-10 code T67) (6), or both….

“Editorial Note: In this analysis, the inclusion of hyperthermia as a contributing cause of death increased by 54% the total number of heat-related deaths during 1999–2003 that would have been counted through inclusion of a heat-related underlying cause alone. Because heat-related illnesses can exacerbate existing medical conditions and death from heat exposure can be preceded by various symptoms, heat-related deaths can be difficult to identify when illness onset or death is not witnessed by a clinician. In addition, the criteria used to determine heat-related causes of death vary among states. This can lead to underreporting heat-related deaths or to reporting heat as a factor contributing to death rather than the underlying cause.

“Continued exposure to excessive heat can lead to hyperthermia or death. Of the heat-related illnesses, heat exhaustion and heatstroke are the most serious. Heat exhaustion is characterized by muscle cramps, fatigue, headache, nausea or vomiting, and dizziness or fainting. The skin is often cool and moist, indicating that the body’s mechanism for cooling itself (i.e., sweating) is still functioning. The pulse rate is typically fast and weak, and breathing is rapid and shallow. If untreated, heat exhaustion can progress to heatstroke. Heatstroke is a serious, life-threatening condition characterized by a high body temperature (>103^ºF [>39.4^ºC]); red, hot, and dry skin (no sweating); rapid, strong pulse; throbbing headache; dizziness; nausea; confusion; and unconsciousness. Symptoms can progress to encephalopathy, liver and kidney failure, coagulopathy, and multiple organ system dysfunction. Prompt treatment of heat-related illnesses with aggressive fluid replacement and cooling of core body temperature is critical to reducing morbidity and mortality.

“Many heat-related deaths, regardless of whether they are associated with chronic medical conditions, are preventable. During periods of extreme heat, heat-related illnesses can be prevented by avoiding strenuous outdoor activities, drinking adequate amounts of fluid, avoiding alcohol consumption, wearing lightweight clothing, and using air-conditioning. Groups at high risk include young children, persons aged >65 years, persons who do strenuous activities outdoors, and persons with chronic (particularly cardiovascular) medical conditions.”

EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) on Heat-Related Deaths (11-21-2023):

“When people are exposed to extreme heat, they can suffer from potentially deadly illnesses, such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Hot temperatures can also contribute to deaths from heart attacks, strokes, and other forms of cardiovascular disease. Heat is the leading weather-related killer in the United States, even though most heat-related deaths are preventable through outreach and intervention (see EPA’s Excessive Heat Events Guidebook at: www.epa.gov/heat-islands/excessive-heat-events-guidebook).

Unusually hot summer temperatures have become more common across the contiguous 48 states in recent decades…extreme heat events (heat waves) have become more frequent and intense… and these trends are expected to continue. As a result, the risk of heat-related deaths and illness is also expected to increase.^[135] The “urban heat island” effect accentuates the problem by causing even higher temperatures in densely developed urban areas. Reductions in cold-related deaths are projected to be smaller than increases in heat-related deaths in most regions. Death rates can also change, however, as people acclimate to higher temperatures and as communities strengthen their heat response plans and take other steps to continue to adapt.

“Certain population groups already face higher risks of heat-related death, and increases in summertime temperature variability will increase that risk. The population of adults aged 65 and older, which is expected to continue to grow, has a higher-than-average risk of heat-related death. Children are particularly vulnerable to heat-related illness and death, as their bodies are less able to adapt to heat than adults, and they must rely on others to help keep them safe. People with certain diseases, such as cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses, are especially vulnerable to excessive heat exposure, as are the economically disadvantaged. Data also suggest a higher risk among non-Hispanic Blacks.”

Trent, CA Dept. of Health Services on Heat-Related (HR) Illness: “HR illness is described according to three stages of increasing severity:

Heat cramps. Mild and easy to treat, this level involves fevers generally under 102 degrees Fahrenheit.
Heat exhaustion: Involves fevers over 102 degrees Fahrenheit, often with vomiting, diarrhea, and fatigue.
Heat stroke: A severe and life-threatening failure of body’s ability to cool (e.g., sweating ceases), with fevers over 104 degrees Fahrenheit. Heat stroke can result in organ and neurologic damage and lead quickly to death.” (p. 3)

“Exertional heat stroke tends to occur among younger (under 50 years old), healthier persons who develop heat stroke after strenuous activity and inadequate hydration. The result is dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Exposures may involve work or recreational activities outdoors.

“Classic heat stroke tends to occur among persons who are older (over 50 years old), frail, and with chronic diseases. They may take medications, have psychological or cognitive problems, and live alone. They are assumed to have a compromised thermoregulatory response due to their age, illnesses, and medications. They generally are not in an air conditioned space when discovered with heat stroke symptoms or deceased.” (p. 5)

(Trent, Roger B., Ph.D. (CA Dept. of Health Services). Review of July 2006 Heat Wave Related Fatalities in California. Sacramento, CA: Epidemiology and Prevention for Injury Control Branch, California Department of Health Services, May 2007.)

Associated Press (Anita Snow and Kendria Lafleur), Mishmash of how US heat deaths are counted complicates efforts to keep people safe as Earth warms.” 8-13-2023:

“….Even when it seems obvious that extreme heat was a factor, death certificates don’t always reflect the role it played. Experts say a mishmash of ways more than 3,000 counties calculate heat deaths means we don’t really know how many people die in the U.S. each year because of high temperatures in an ever warming world.

“That imprecision harms efforts to better protect people from extreme heat because officials who set policies and fund programs can’t get the financial and other support needed to make a difference….Currently, about the only consistency in counting heat deaths in the U.S. is that officials and climate specialists acknowledge fatalities are grossly undercounted…

“ ‘It’s frustrating that for 90 years public health officials in the United States have not had a good picture of heat-related mortality because we have such a bad data system,’ said Dr. David Jones, a Harvard Medical School professor who also teaches in the epidemiology department at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

“There is no uniformity among who does the counting across U.S. jurisdictions. Death investigations in some places might be carried out by a medical examiner, typically a physician trained in forensic pathology. In other locales, the coroner could be an elected sheriff, such as the one in Orange County, California. In some small counties in Texas, a justice of peace might determine cause of death. Utah and Massachusetts are among states that do not track heat-related deaths where exposure to extreme heat was a secondary factor.

“The CDC, which is often several years behind in reporting, draws information on heat deaths from death certificate information included in local, state, tribal and territorial databases. The CDC said in a statement that coroners and others who fill out death certificates ‘are encouraged to report all causes of death,’ but they may not always associate those contributing causes to an extreme heat exposure death and include the diagnostic codes for heat illnesses.

“Hess, the Arizona coroner [Pima County medical examiner], said determining environmental heat was a factor in someone’s death is difficult and can take weeks or even months of investigation including toxicological tests. ‘If someone was shot in the head, it’s pretty obvious what happened there,’ Hess said. ‘But when you find a body in a hot apartment 48 hours after they died, there is a lot of ambiguity.’ Hess noted that Pima County this year began including heat-related deaths in its tally of environmental heat fatalities….”

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Minnesota Department of Health. Heat-related Deaths: Facts & Figures. 2015. Accessed 11-7-2015 at: https://apps.health.state.mn.us/mndata/heat_deaths

Monroe County Reporter, Forsyth, GA. “Jury: No Charges in Boys Death.” 6-9-2010. Accessed 8-4-2015: http://www.smalltownnews.com/article.php?catname=Crime&pub=The%20Monroe%20County%20Reporter&pid=148&aid=60030

Naples Daily News (Valli Finney), FL. “Father whose daughter died in hot car described as loving, caring man, documents show.” 7-21-2010. Accessed 8-4-2015 at: http://www.naplesnews.com/news/crime/father-whose-daughter-died-hot-car-described-lovin

National Climatic Data Center. Storm Data, Vol. 52, No. 7, July 2010. Ashville, NC: NCDC, National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service, NOAA. Accessed 6-15-2015 at: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-2CACE16D-9663-4F7D-91D6-DA50FBB71334.pdf

National Climatic Data Center. Storm Data, Vol. 52, No. 8, Aug 2010. Ashville, NC: NCDC, National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service, NOAA. Accessed 6-15-2015 at: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-4D04353B-4B7D-487A-AC48-2E3A066361FA.pdf

National Climatic Data Center. Storm Data, Vol. 52, No. 9, Sep 2010. Ashville, NC: NCDC, National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service, NOAA. Accessed 6-15-2015 at: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-08FDE6E0-5051-49AE-BCF7-C21C26FC11EF.pdf

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Arizona. Greater Phoenix Area. Aug 1-24, 2010. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=258302

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Arkansas. Craighead. 2010-08-21. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=255521

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Arkansas. Faulkner. Aug 2-5, 2010. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=239549

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Illinois, Cook, Aug 12, 2010. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=258851

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Maryland. Cecil. June 23-24, 2010. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=241916

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Mississippi. Bolivar. Aug 1-4, 2010. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=254719

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Mississippi. Harrison. 2010-07-30. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=256874

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Mississippi. Jackson. 2010-08-02. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=253896

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Mississippi. Jefferson, 2010. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=249043

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Mississippi. Panola. Aug 1-5, 2010. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=255151

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Mississippi. Pontotoc. Aug 1-5, 2010. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=255158

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Mississippi. Washington. Aug 1-4, 2010. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=254718

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Missouri. St. Louis. Aug 2-4, 2010. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=263398

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Missouri. St. Louis. Aug 8-14, 2010. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=263334

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Missouri. St. Louis. 2010-08-12. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=263337

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Nevada. Las Vegas Valley. June 5-6, 2010. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=233879

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Nevada. Las Vegas Valley. July 15-19, 2010. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=238346

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. New Jersey. Eastern Passaic. July 4-7, 2010. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=250961

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. New York. Kings (Brooklyn). July 24-25, 2010. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=249896

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. New York. Manhattan. July 4-7, 2010. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=249876

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. New York. Queens. July 4-7, 2010. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=249841

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. New York. Richmond (Staten Is.). July 4-7, 2010. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=258273

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Oklahoma. Tulsa. July 13-23, 2010. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=254410

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Pennsylvania. Bucks, July 23-25, 2010. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=253455

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Pennsylvania. Delaware. July 16-18, 2010. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=250391

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Pennsylvania. Lehigh, July 5-7, 2010. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=253764

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Pennsylvania. Philadelphia. 2010-06-27. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=242052

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, July 5-7, 2010. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=253766

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Pennsylvania. Philadelphia. July 16-18, 2010. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=250394

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, July 23-25, 2010. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=253457

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database, Excessive Heat, Tennessee, Shelby, Aug 1-5, 2010. Accessed 8-3-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=255074

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database, Excessive Heat, Tennessee, Shelby, Aug 10-15, 2010. Accessed 8-3-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=255199

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Washington. Blue Mountain Foothills. July 25-26, 2010. Accessed 6-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=236728

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat. Alabama. Franklin. 2010-06-14. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=243813

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat. Arizona, Central Deserts. June 23-30, 2010. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=246320

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Arkansas, Johnson, Aug 8-15, 2010. Accessed 8-3-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=241811

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Arkansas, Pulaski, July 30-31, 2010. Accessed 8-3-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=239400

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat. Arkansas. Washington. 2010-06-22. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=246491

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat. Florida. Hillsborough. 2010-09-12. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=260164

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Georgia, Twiggs, 2010-07-26. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=251107

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook, 2010-07-18. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=254305

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat. Illinois. Cook. 2010-07-29. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=254310

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Louisiana, Rapides, 2010-06-21. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=243968

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Montgomery, 2010-06-24. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=244147

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Prince Georges, 2010-06-29. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=244145

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore, June 24, 2010. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=244146

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat. Maryland. Southern Baltimore, July 4-8, 2010. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=253066

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat. Michigan. Oakland. July 4-8, 2010. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=249882

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat. Michigan. Wayne. July 4-8, 2010. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=249879

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat. Mississippi. Monroe. July 29-31, 2010. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=250149

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Monroe, Aug 1-2, 2010. Accessed 8-3-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=255178

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat. Missouri. Jackson, 2010-08-02 – 2010-08-14. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=256620

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat. Missouri. New Madrid. 2010-06-16. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=234864

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat. Nevada. Lake Mead/Lake Mohave National Recreation Area. July 24, 2010. Asheville, NC: NCDC, NOAA. Accessed 6-17-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=250643

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat. Nevada. Las Vegas Valley. 2010-06-04. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=233880

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat. Nevada. Las Vegas Valley. July 4-12, 2010. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=250640

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat. Nevada. Las Vegas Valley, July 24-30, 2010. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=250644

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, New Mexico, Albuquerque Metro Area, July 14, 2010. Accessed 8-3-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=233711

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat. Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, June 2-6, 2010. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=240600

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat. Tennessee. Madison. June 18-24, 2010. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=243726

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat. Tennessee, Shelby, June 18-25. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=243724

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat. Tennessee, Shelby, July 22, 2010. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=250073

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat. Tennessee, Shelby, July 25-26, 2010. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=250093

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat. Tennessee, Shelby, July 29-31, 2010. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=250113

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat. Tennessee, Shelby, Aug 21-22, 2010. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=255494

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat. Tennessee, Tipton. June 12-14, 2010. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=243866

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat. Texas, Dallas, June 20, 2010. Accessed 6-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=240537

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat. Texas, Val Verde, July 15, 2010. Accessed 6-17-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=234601

National Weather Service Central Region Headquarters, Kansas City, MO. Summer Weather Safety. “Missouri Heat Related Deaths.” 7-15-2014 modification. Accessed 9-25-2015 at: http://www.crh.noaa.gov/Image/lsx/wcm/Heat/SummerWeatherSafetySummary.pdf

National Weather Service, NOAA. 2010 Heat Related Fatalities. 7-13-2011. Accessed 7-12-2012 at: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/hazstats/heat10.pdf

NBC-2.com, Fort Myers. “Father’s sentence rescinded after hot car death.” 4-29-2013. Accessed 8-4-2015: http://www.nbc-2.com/story/22111335/father-released-of-sentence-after-hot-car-death#.VcFItfk9Z14

New York Times (James C. McKinley, Jr.) “An Arizona Morgue Grows Crowded.” 7-28-2010. Accessed 6-18-2015 at: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/29/us/29border.html?_r=0

Null, Jan (Dept. of Meteorology & Climate Science, San Jose State University). 2010 Hyperthermia Deaths of Children in Vehicles. Golden Gate Weather Services, 2015. Accessed 8-2-2015 at: http://noheatstroke.org/hyperthermia2010.htm

Null, Jan (Dept. of Meteorology & Climate Science, San Jose State University). Heatstroke Deaths of Children in Vehicles, Monthly Statistics [1998-June 30, 2015]. Golden Gate Weather Services, 2015. Accessed 7-11-2015 at: http://noheatstroke.org/monthly_stats.htm

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Heat Fatalities (Text Version). Washington, DC: OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor, 8-4-2014 update. Accessed 7-12-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/heatillness/map.html

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Heat Fatalities. Investigation Detail. “Inspection: 113737969 – Boyer Nursery & Orchards, Inc.” Harrisburg, PA: OSHA Office, 8-3-2012. Accessed 8-2-2015: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=113737969

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Heat Fatalities. Inspection Detail. “Inspection: 312923824 – ABC Professional Tree Services.” Houston South: OSHA Office, 11-9-2012. Accessed 8-1-2015: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=312923824

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Heat Fatalities. Investigation Detail. “Inspection: 313031304 – Westerchil Construction Co.” Baton Rouge, LA: OSHA, 4-14-2011. Accessed 8-1-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=313031304

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Heat Fatalities. Inspection Detail. “Inspection: 313374381 – Nichols Construction, LLC.” Charleston, WV: OSHA, 10-28-2010. Accessed 8-1-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=313374381

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Heat Fatalities. Inspection Detail. “Inspection: 313377343 – Larry Lang Excavating, Inc.” Charleston, WV: Charleston OSHA, 1-2-2012. Accessed 8-2-2015: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=313377343

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Heat Fatalities. Inspection Detail. “Inspection: 313509622 – Harris Rebar So. Cal. Div.” San Bernardino, CA: OSHA, 3-15-2011. Accessed 8-1-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=313509622

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Heat Fatalities. Inspection Detail. “Inspection: 313529075 – Gary Phillips.” Milwaukee, WI: Milwaukee OSHA Office, 5-19-2011. Accessed 8-2-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=313529075

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Heat Fatalities. Investigation Detail. “Inspection: 313632184 – DCD Construction, Inc.” 3-14-2011. Accessed 8-1-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=313632184

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Heat Fatalities. Investigation Detail. “Inspection: 314035650 – Acres Enterprises, Inc.” Aurora, IL: Aurora OSHA Office, 7-27-2011. Accessed 8-2-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=314035650

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Heat Fatalities. Investigation Detail. “Inspection: 314109109 – Kolat Construction.” Pittsburgh, PA: OSHA Office, 11-17-2011. Accessed 8-2-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=314109109

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Heat Fatalities. Inspection Detail. “Inspection: 314178419 – Boral Bricks, Inc.” Dallas: OSHA, 2-7-2011. Accessed 8-1-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=314178419

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Heat Fatalities. Investigation Detail. “Inspection: 314204215 – Republic Services of GA.” Atlanta, GA: East Atlanta OSHA, 2-9-2011. Accessed 8-2-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=314204215

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Heat Fatalities. Inspection Detail. “Inspection: 314301763 – Post Buckley Schuh and Jernigan Inc.” Washington, DC: OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor 5-10-2013. Accessed 8-1-2015: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=314301763

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Heat Fatalities. Inspection Detail. “Inspection: 314426644 – Hallmark Air Conditioning & Heating.” Houston: North Houston OSHA Office, 7-16-2010. Accessed 8-1-2015: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=314426644

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Heat Fatalities. Inspection Detail. “Inspection: 314487018 – D M Disposal Co Inc.” 12-29-2010. OSHA Washington Region 3 Office. Accessed 8-1-2015: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=314487018

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Heat Fatalities. Inspection Detail. “Inspection: 314528068 – Randy Clanton Farms, Inc.” Little Rock: OSHA, 8-8-2011. Accessed 8-1-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=314528068

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Heat Fatalities. Inspection Detail. “Inspection: 314542747 – Premier Timber Products, Inc.” Houston: North Houston OSHA Office, 1-20-2011. Accessed 8-1-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=314542747

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Heat Fatalities. Inspection Detail. “Inspection: 314620881 – Ernesto Gomez.” Washington, DC: OSHA, 12-13-2010. Accessed 8-2-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=314620881

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Heat Fatalities. Inspection Detail. “Inspection: 314914128 – Mussop, Inc.” Little Rock, AR: OSHA, 1-5-2011. Accessed 8-1-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=314914128

Palm Beach Post. “A mother’s heartache: ‘Terrible’ time in the year since 2-year-old Haile Brockington died in a Delray Beach day-care van.” 8-5-2011. Accessed 8-3-2015 at: http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/news/a-mothers-heartache-terrible-time-in-the-year-sinc/nLwh2/

Palm Beach Post, FL. “South Miami-Dade mom charged in death of child left in car.” 8-30-2010. Accessed at: http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/news/crime-law/south-miami-dade-mom-charged-in-death-of-child-lef/nL9cj/

Plain Dealer (Everdeen Mason), Cleveland, OH. “Medina County toddler is the probable 32^nd child to die from heat stroke in a car this year.” 8-13-2010, updated 8-15-2010. Accessed 8-3-2015 at: http://blog.cleveland.com/metro/2010/08/medina_county_toddler_32nd_veh.html

Post-Standard (Debra J. Groom), Syracuse, NY. “Fulton woman whose baby died in overheated camper released from prison.” 5-16-2012. Accessed 8-3-2015 at: http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2012/05/sara_landers_released_from_pri.html

Postmedia News. “Houston, Texas: 2 year old Khoa Nguyen dies after being left in car while autistic brother has seizure.” 8-19-2010. Accessed 8-3-2015 at: http://liveslosttoautism.blogspot.com/2010/08/houston-texas-2-year-old-dies-of-head.html

San Antonio News-Express (Leezia Dhalla) “`Forgetting’ can lead to hot car deaths.” 8-18-2010. Accessed 8-4-2015: http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/local_news/article/Forgetting-can-lead-to-hot-car-deaths-620064.php

St. Louis Post-Dispatch (Kim Bell). “Twins who died in hot car had been found there before.” 6-18-2010. Accessed 8-4-2015: http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/article_c6fd2920-2a36-586a-9bf8-d3808a704e4f.html#ixzz1Uuzkh3ua

State of Wisconsin Department of Military Affairs, Division of Emergency Management. “Wisconsin Heat Awareness Day June 12, 2014” (Press Release). 6-4-2014. Accessed 9-2-2015 at: http://readywisconsin.wi.gov/heat/docs/HeatAwarenessDay2014Release.pdf

Sun Sentinel (Linda Trischitta), FL. “Death of child outside Miramar church ruled accidental.” 10-4-2010. Accessed 8-2-2015: http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2010-10-04/news/fl-baby-church-van-folo-20101004_1_miramar-police-haile-brockington-tania-rues

The Gazette, Medina County, OH. “Second girl dies from heat-related injuries sustained in parked car.” 8-17-2010. Accessed 8-3-2015: http://medinagazette.northcoastnow.com/2010/08/17/second-girl-dies-from-heat-related-injuries-sustained-in-parked-car/

Times-Herald, San Francisco Bay area. “The Sofia Wisher tragedy: We can all learn.” 4-25-2010. Accessed 8-4-2015: http://www.timesheraldonline.com/general-news/20100425/the-sofia-wisher-tragedy-we-can-all-learn

Trent, Roger B., Ph.D. (CA Dept. of Health Services). Review of July 2006 Heat Wave Related Fatalities in California. Sacramento, CA: Epidemiology and Prevention for Injury Control Branch, California Department of Health Services, May 2007. Accessed 8-31-2015 at: https://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/injviosaf/Documents/HeatPlanAssessment-EPIC.pdf

Tuscaloosanews.com. “1-year-old dies after she was left in car.” 8-2-2010. Accessed 8-3-2015 at: http://www.tuscaloosanews.com/article/20100802/NEWS/100809970

WCPO 9, Cincinnati (Matthew Daniels). “Baby dies after overheating in Lexington car.” 6-20-2010. Accessed 8-3-2015: http://www.wcpo.com/news/baby-dies-after-overheating-in-lexington-car

WCSH6 Portland. “Child dies in hot car.” 7-30-2010. Accessed 8-3-2015 at: http://archive.wcsh6.com/news/local/story.aspx?storyid=122377

WCTV (Lanetra Bennett, Julie Montanaro, Angelica Alvarez), Tallahassee. “Mother in Daughter’s Hot Car Death Case Sentences to 15 Years.” 1-24-2012 update. Accessed 8-3-2015: http://www.wctv.tv/news/floridanews/headlines/UPDATE_Child_Dies_After_Being_Left_in_Hot_Car.html

WDMV-TV4, Nashville, TN. “Mother Charged After Child Dies in Hot Car 8-13-2010. Accessed 8-3-2015: http://www.wsmv.com/story/14804409/mother-charged-after-child-dies-in-hot-car-8-13-2010

WFAA 8. “Fort Worth toddler dies after being found in locked car.” 5-27-2010. Accessed 8-4-2015 at: http://www.wfaa.com/story/news/local/2014/08/09/13584050/

WiscNews (Tim Damos, News Republic). “Mother charged in death of toddler.” 8-24-2010. Accessed 8-3-2015: http://www.wiscnews.com/news/local/article_7bc08e44-a754-11df-b44e-001cc4c03286.html

[1] This results relate only to cases where heat was coded X30 as the underlying (primary or direct) cause of death by a medical examiner on a death certificate. “Heat-related” deaths are not included in this search result.

[2] From chart: “Child Nontraffic Fatalities by type & year.” KidsAndCars.org. Olathe, KS.

[3] NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat. Alabama, Franklin, 6-14-2010. “High temperatures in the lower to mid 90s and dewpoints in the lower 70s produced heat index values between 99 and 104 degrees on the 14^th in Franklin county…Tragically, a four year old boy suffocated (“due to the hot temperatures”) inside a vehicle in this community while playing hide and seek.” Null has date as June 13; identifies victim as William Dylen Mahaffey.

[4] Null; Tuscaloosanews.com. “1-year-old dies after she was left in car.” 8-2-2010.

[5] This figure does not include illegal immigrants from south of the border who died in the Arizona desert other than Maricopa County, many, presumably, from the heat and dehydration. According to a July 28, 2010 New York Times report “The bodies of 57 border crossers have been brought in [Pima County morgue in Tucson] during July so far, putting it on track to be the worst month for such deaths in the last five years.” The Chief Medical Examiner was cited as noting that the majority of cases brought in during July were dead less than a week.” NYT (James C. McKinley, Jr.) “An Arizona Morgue Grows Crowded.” 7-28-2010.

[6] From table “Arizona Deaths From Exposure to Excessive Natural Heat,” based on data from the Arizona Department of Health Services.

[7] Berisha (Maricopa County Dept. of Public Health) is quite clear in the section (pp. 12-14) on “Heat-Associated Deaths in Maricopa County.” In 2010 there were 142 cases of possible heat-associated deaths that were reported and investigated. 82 (58%) were “confirmed” as heat-associated deaths.

[8] Null; NCDC. Storm Events Database. “Event Details. Heat. Arizona, Central Deserts. 20-06-23 – 2010-06-30.”

[9] Null; Arizona Republic (Laurie Merrill). “Officials: Death of Chandler boy was tragic accident.” 7-22-2010.

[10] NCDC. Storm Events Database. “Event…Excessive Heat. [AZ]. Greater Phoenix…2010-08-01–2010-08-24.”

[11] “Temperatures peaked at 111 in Phoenix and 113 in Gila Bend on the 3^rd. The excessive heat may have been a contributing factor in three hear-related deaths in September in Maricopa County.”

[12] NCDC. Storm Data, 52/9, Sep 2010, p. 8. Another source notes she was 2½ months old and that “the girl’s father forgot the baby was in the car, went inside the house and took a shower and nap.” She was found five hours later in 100° heat. (Lima News, OH. “Kansas City, Mo. Hot cars cause deaths of 48 kids.” 9-30-2010, p. A3.) Null identifies the girl as Serenity Lyman.

[13] “An autopsy by the state medical examiner cited the death [in attic] as environmental hyperthermia with methamphetamine use.” NCDC Storm Events Database. “Event Details. Heat. Arkansas. Washington. 2010-06-22.”

[14] OSHA. Heat Fatalities. Inspection Detail. “Inspection: 314528068 – Randy Clanton Farms, Inc.” 8-8-2011; NCDC. Storm Data, Vol. 52, No. 7, July 2010, p. 35.

[15] NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat, Arkansas, Pulaski, July 30-31, 2010. Notes the man was taken to a hospital Aug 1 with body temp. above 100°, where he died on the 3^rd.

[16] “A 66 year-old woman died from the heat in Mayflower on August 4^th. According to the Faulkner County coroner, the woman went grocery shopping and fell in her driveway when she returned home. Due to recent ill health, she was unable to get up after the fall. She was discovered several hours later, having already succumbed to the heat. Her car was still running with the groceries inside…heat indices in the 112 to 117 range were common, and a few spots recorded heat indices near 120.” (NCDC. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Arkansas. Faulkner.)

[17] NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat, Arkansas, Johnson, Aug 8-15, 2010. Notes the victim went into a coma, taken to hospital, never regained consciousness. “The coroner ruled the death was due to multi-system failure related to heat stroke. The football session was during a week-long heat wave with heat indices ranging from 105 to 115 in most locations, but with a few locations reporting 116-119 degrees.

[18] Null; Digital Journal (Kay Mathews). “Father won’t be charged in death of his 14-month old child.” 11-5-2010. DJ article notes father forgot to drop his daughter off at preschool before going to work. Also, NCDC, Storm Data, Vol. 52, No. 8, Aug 2010, p. 45.

[19] Occupational Safety & Health Administration. Heat Fatalities (Text Version). “Inspection Detail.” 1-5-2011.

[20] Null; Times-Herald, San Francisco Bay area. “The Sofia Wisher tragedy: We can all learn.” 4-25-2010.

[21] OSHA. Heat Fatalities. Inspection Detail. “Inspection: 313509622 – Harris Rebar So. Cal. Div.” 3-15-2011.

[22] “Sally Menke…was found dead early Tuesday morning [Sep 28]…in Bronson Canyon after she went hiking with her dog in the severe heat Monday…The coroner’s office later determined that Menke’s death was heat-related.”

[23] OSHA. Heat Fatalities (Text Version). Washington, DC: OSHA, U.S. Dept. of Labor, 8-4-2014 update.

[24] Sun Sentinel (Linda Trischitta), FL. “Death of child outside Miramar church ruled accidental.” 10-4-2010; Null.

[25] NCDC. Storm Events Database. “Event Details. Heat. Florida. Hillsborough. 2010-09-12.” Null identifies the girl as Ruebensa “Hally” Rozen.

[26] Null; Naples Daily News (Valli Finney), FL. “Father whose daughter died in hot car described as loving, caring man, documents show.” 7-21-2010. Newspaper notes that the child “was strapped in the…SUV with temperatures inside hovering near 100 degrees.” Father forgot his daughter was in the car while he was at work. Father was “charged with one count of leaving a child unattended in a motor vehicle causing great bodily harm.” Another article notes he was sentenced to probation and community service for the heatstroke death of his daughter, but that later “a judge released him of his five years of probation after serving only half of it.” (NBC-2.com, Fort Myers. “Father’s sentence rescinded after hot car death.” 4-29-2013.)

[27] Null; WCTV (Lanetra Bennett, Julie Montanaro, Angelica Alvarez), Tallahassee. “Mother in Daughter’s Hot Car Death Case Sentences to 15 Years.” 1-24-2012 update. Article notes: “Police say the temperature inside the car reached 130 degrees that day.” Writes: “The prosecution implied that Andre had a motive to want Zariah out of the picture, to make room for a man who didn’t want children.” It was the child’s natural father who saw that the child was ill, after the mother brought the child to him, who took the infant to a hospital where she “died four days later from brain injuries she suffered from exposure to extreme heat.” The mother “faced more than four decades behind bars for the crime, but in the end…the judge decided on 15 years.” See, also: Justice4Caylee.org, “Zariah Williams – 6 months – (2010) Tallahassee FL.” 9-30-2011.

[28] Null, who has the last name as Caderno. Palm Beach Post, FL. “South Miami-Dade mom charged in death of child left in car.” 8-30-2010. Notes mother was taken into custody by police on charge of aggravated manslaughter.

[29] Null; Palm Beach Post. “A mother’s heartache: ‘Terrible’ time in the year since 2-year-old Haile Brockington died in a Delray Beach day-care van.” 8-5-2011.

[30] National Climatic Data Center. Storm Data, Vol. 52, No. 7, July 2010, p. 93.

[31] Null; CBS 46 Atlanta (Bernard Watson). “3-Year-Old Found Dead in Minivan at Church,” 8-16-2010.

[32] Null; Fox News (Jonathan Serrie). “Georgia issues warning against leaving kids in hot cars.” 6-25-2014.

[33] OSHA. Heat Fatalities. Investigation Detail. “Inspection: 314204215 – Republic Services of GA.” 2-9-2011.

[34] Null; Monroe County Reporter, Forsyth, GA. “Jury: No Charges in Boys Death.” 6-9-2010. Writes that the school teacher mother said she forgot to drop her child off at day care.

[35] “The Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported that a 47-year-old female of Jeffersonville passed away from heat exposure. She was found sitting on her unshaded porch outside her home. The temperature in the area that day was already 99 degrees at noon. Subsequent medical examination determined that the individual died from a cardiac event, induced by the intense heat.” (NCDC Storm Events Database. “Event…Heat. [GA]. Twiggs. 2010-07-26.”)

[36] Searched NCDC Storm Events Database for “Excessive Heat” and “Heat” in all counties from June 1 to Sep 30 and found three deaths noted below.

[37] NCDC. Storm Events Database. “Event Details. Heat. Illinois. Cook. 2010-07-18.”

[38] NCDC. Storm Events Database. “Event Details. Excessive Heat. Illinois. Cook. 20-08-12.”

[39] OSHA. Heat Fatalities. Investigation Detail. “Inspection: – Acres Enterprises, Inc.” 7-27-2011. Notes “Acres Group had a heat stress training program in place but lacked an acclimation work regimen for employees.”

[40] Null; Glasgow Daily Times. “2 children found dead in SW-Barren County..” 8-6-2010.

[41] Null; WCPO 9, Cincinnati (Matthew Daniels). “Baby dies after overheating in Lexington car.” 6-20-2010.

[42] National Climatic Data Center. Storm Data, Vol. 52, No. 8, Aug 2010, p. 187.

[43] From Table: “Heat Stress: Deaths, Louisiana, 1999-2010.” Following pages break fatalities out by 9 LA Regions.

[44] Searched NCDC Storm Events Database “Excessive Heat” in all counties June 1-Sep 30 and found no mention of an excessive heat death in Louisiana. Searched “Heat” and found one death in Rapides Parish noted below.

[45] OSHA. Heat Fatalities. Investigation Detail. “Inspection: 313031304 – Westerchil Construction Co.” 4-14-2011. Notes that this was 2^nd day on job. “The heat index was between 104 and 105 degrees Fahrenheit on both days. He was taken to a hospital where his core body temperature was 105 F.”

[46] “Beauregard Daily News reported that a two-year old boy died of heat exhaustion in Hineston when he climbed into an unlocked car and became trapped between 3 PM and 4 PM. He was reportedly trapped for less than one hour. At nearby Alexandria International Airport, the high temperature was 99 degrees with a dewpoint of 72 degrees. This resulted in a heat index value of 110 degrees the time of the fatality.” (NCDC. Storm Events Database. Event Details. Heat. Louisiana. Rapides. 2010-06-21.)

[47] WCSH6 Portland. “Child dies in hot car.” 7-30-2010.

[48] Null.

[49] Notes one “Hyperthermia Only” and 29 “Complications” for total of 30 in table “Hyperthermia-Related Deaths, 2005-2010. Cites MD Office of the Chief Medical Examiner for data. MD DPSCS is Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services. MD DLLR is Maryland Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulations.

[50] “Three people in Maryland have died from heat-related causes, bringing the total of such deaths this year to 16, the state health department said…The state had six heat-related deaths in 2009…The record was 48 deaths in 2005.”

[51] NCDC. Storm Events Database. “Event Details. Heat. Maryland. Southern Baltimore. 2010-06-24.”

[52] Another source notes: “Temperatures in Baltimore reached 100F (38C) for a third day in a row on Wednesday [July 7].” BBC News. “Heatwave causes power cuts in eastern US and Canada.” 7-7-2010.

[53] AP, Annapolis. “Maryland. Three More Heat-Related Deaths.” Frederick News-Post, MD, 7-24-2010, p. A-2.

[54] NCDC. Storm Events Database. “Event Details. Excessive Heat. Maryland. Cecil. 2010-06-23 – 2010-06-24.”

[55] “…paramedics said the high temperatures and humidity likely played a role in the death of a 20-year-old man who was biking, went into cardiac arrest and hit his head on a tree as he fell.” (AP. “Eastern U.S. cooks in summer heat, temperatures reach 100s.” News Courier, Athens, AL. 7-25-2010, p. 13A.)

[56] NCDC. Storm Events Database. “Event Details. Heat. Maryland. Montgomery, 2010-06-24.”

[57] NCDC. Storm Events Database. “Event Details. Heat. Maryland. Prince Georges. 2010-06-29.”

[58] AP, Annapolis. “Maryland. Three More Heat-Related Deaths.” Frederick News-Post, MD, 7-24-2010, p. A-2.

[59] Null; Grand Rapids Press (Kaitlin Shawgo and John Agar). “Wyoming toddler’s death an ‘unbearable loss’ family says.” 5-29-2010.

[60] NCDC. Storm Events Database. “Event Details. Heat. Michigan. Oakland. 2010-07-04 – 2010-07-08.”

[61] NCDC. Storm Events Database. “Event Details. Heat. Michigan. Wayne. 2010-07-04 – 2010-07-08.”

[62] There is no date, but the tables in the document are for 2000 to 2014 (May-September). We thus assume 2015.

[63] “A four day stretch of extreme temperatures occurred across the region to start off the month of August… temperatures…soar into the triple digits across much of the region. Across the NWS Jackson, MS forecast area, 19 record highs were set between August 1^st and 4^th. On August 2^nd, the 2^nd warmest average temperature was recorded. The low was 78 and the high 105, this resulted in an average temperature of 91.5 degrees…relatively high humidity levels made conditions even more oppressive, with heat index readings surpassing 110 degrees in many areas.” (NCDC. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Mississippi. Bolivar. Aug 1-4, 2010.)

[64] “The Harrison County Coroner stated that two deaths in a mobile home on Smith Road near Canal Road were caused by heat stroke. High temperatures at [nearby] Gulfport Airport…were between 98 and 102 degrees from July 29 through August 2.” NCDC. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. MS. Harrison. 2010-07-30.

[65] Associated Press. “Grand jury will review death of toddler.” WLOX.com. Also, Null.

[66] OSHA. Heat Fatality. Investigation Detail. “Inspection: 313632184 – DCD Construction, Inc.” 3-14-2011.

[67] “Jackson County coroner classified the fatality as heat related with the cause of death as hyperthermia.” (NCDC. Storm Events Database. Event Details. Excessive Heat. Mississippi. Jackson. 2010-08-02.)

[68] “The coroner ruled that he died of a heart attack brought on by the excessive heat.” NCDC. Storm Events Database. Event Details. Excessive Heat. Mississippi. Jefferson. NCDC, NOAA.

[69] “Heat index readings ranged between 110 and 115 degrees during the afternoon and early evening hours.”

[70] NCDC. Storm Events Database. Event Details. Excessive Heat. [MS]. Washington. Aug 1-4, 2010.

[71] Cites as source: Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS).

[72] NCDC. Storm Events Database. Event Details. Heat. Missouri. Jackson, 2010-08-02 – 2010-08-14.

[73] NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat. Missouri. New Madrid. 6-16-2010; St. Louis Post-Dispatch (Kim Bell). “Twins who died in hot car had been found there before.” 6-18-2010. Notes: “According to the National Weather Service, the temperature there was 92 degrees at abut 4 p.m. Wednesday, and the heat index was 100.”

[74] NCDC. Storm Events Database. Event Details. Excessive Heat. Missouri. St. Louis. 2010-08-02 – 2010-08-04.

[75] In a vehicle or towed trailer. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Event Details. Heat. Nevada. Lake Mead/Lake Mohave National Recreation Area. July 24, 2010.

[76] NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat. Nevada. Las Vegas Valley. July 4-12.

[77] NCDC. Storm Events Database. Excessive Heat. Nevada. Las Vegas Valley, July 18-20.

[78] NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat. Nevada. Las Vegas Valley, July 24-30, 2010.

[79] NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat. Nevada. Las Vegas Valley, July 24-30, 2010.

[80] NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat, New Mexico, Albuquerque Metro Area, July 14, 2010. Also, Null, who identified the victim as Jahzel Pinon.

[81] Associated Press (Eva Dou). “Heat Wave eases in Northeast, but misery persists.” 7-13-2010.

[82] Null; Post-Standard (Debra J. Groom), Syracuse, NY. “Fulton woman whose baby died in overheated camper released from prison.” 5-16-2012. Mother plead guilty to negligent homicide and sentenced to 1 1/3 to 4 years. Had left daughter alone in camper without air conditioning during 90-degree weather.

[83] Plain Dealer (Everdeen Mason), Cleveland, OH. “Medina County toddler is the probable 32^nd child to die from heat stroke in a car this year.” 8-13-2010, updated 8-15-2010; Null.

[84] Null; Plain Dealer (Everdeen Mason), Cleveland, OH. “Medina County toddler is the probable 32^nd child to die from heat stroke in a car this year.” 8-13-2010, updated 8-15-2010. Notes that the girls’ 13-year-old sibling and 12-year-old friend were babysitting while parents were working a county fair booth. Another article, after noting that the 13-year-old sister and a friend were babysitting, writes “The grandfather reported the girls missing and said he thought they were napping, according to the 911 call.”

[85] Null; The Gazette, Medina County, OH. “Second girl dies from heat-related injuries sustained in parked car.” 8-17-2010. She had been in the Cleveland MetroHealth Medical Center since being found in neighbor’s car.

[86] Null; AP. “Oklahoma woman gets suspended sentence in death of toddler,” NewsOK, 6-1-2011. AP article writes the 21 year-old woman pleaded guilty to second-degree manslaughter and received 3-year suspended sentence. Also notes the outside temperature was “around 90 that day.” State Medical Examiner’s office ruled death hyperthermia.

[87] OSHA. Heat Fatalities. Investigation Detail. “Inspection: 113737969 – Boyer Nursery & Orchards.” 8-3-2012.

[88] “Thursday [July 8] the hot weather was blamed for the deaths of 89-year-old Edward Pilch in Whitehall, Pa…”

[89] “In Bucks County, 1 20-year-old severely autistic man died on the 24^th after he was left in a parked van outside of a Langhorne care center.” (NCDC. Storm Events Database. Event Details. Excessive Heat. Pennsylvania. Bucks.)

[90] OSHA. Heat Fatalities. Investigation Detail. “Inspection: 314109109 – Kolat Construction.” 11-17-2011. Notes victim “had been shoveling gravel and installing forms for a residential swimming pool over a period of 11 hours in the hot summer sun.” Also notes “the worker’s core body temperature was 109.4 degrees.”

[91] NCDC. Storm Events Database. Event Details. Excessive Heat. Pennsylvania. Lehigh. 2010-07-05/2010-07-07.

[92] NCDC. Storm Events Database. Event Details. Excessive Heat. Pennsylvania. Lehigh. 2010-07-05/2010-07-07.

[93] NCDC. Storm Events Database. Event Details. Heat. Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, June 2-6, 2010.

[94] NCDC. Storm Events Database. Event Details. Heat. Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, June 2-6, 2010.

[95] NCDC. Storm Events Database. Event Details. Excessive Heat. Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. 2010-06-27.

[96] NCDC. Storm Events Database. Event Details. Excessive Heat. Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. 2010-06-27.

[97] NCDC. Storm Events Database. Event Details. Excessive Heat. PA, Philadelphia. 2010-07-05 – 2010-07-07. Another source writes: “Philadelphia…broke its previous record for the time of year when temperatures rose to 38.9C (102F).” BBC News. “Heatwave causes power cuts in eastern US and Canada.” 7-7-2010.

[98] Did not have air conditioning. BBC News. “Heatwave causes power cuts in eastern US and Canada.” 7-7-2010.

[99] NCDC. Storm Events Database. Event Details. Excessive Heat. Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. July 23-25, 2010.

[100] Null; AP, De Smet. “Sheriff: South Dakota boy dies after being left in hot car.” Rapid City Journal, 8-12-2010.

[101] Null (who has last name as Damarest, but obituaries have the name as Demarest).

[102] Null; Times-Picayune, New Orleans (Paula Devlin). “2-year-old trapped in car, dies from heat in Rapides Parish.” 6-23-2010; NCDC. Storm Events Database. Event Details. Heat. Tennessee. Madison. June 18-24, 2010.

[103] Null; WDMV-TV4, Nashville, TN. “Mother Charged After Child Dies in Hot Car 8-13-2010. Article notes the mother “told authorities she was distraught because she just learned her father died in her home country” and forgot the child for about three hours at home. The charge was criminal neglect homicide.

[104] NCDC. Storm Events Database. Event Details. Heat. Tennessee. Shelby, June 18-25, 2010.

[105] In apparent reference to the same fatality an AP report, citing the county medical examiner, said “a 57-year-old man was found dead in his home Friday [July 23].” Notes a fan was on, “but there was no working air conditioner.” (AP, Memphis. “Tennessee: Heat a factor in 2 more Shelby County deaths.” Timesfreepress.com, 7-27-2010.)

[106] NCDC. Storm Events Database. Event Details. Heat. Tennessee. Shelby, July 25-26, 2010.

[107] Associated Press, Memphis. “Tennessee: Heat a factor in 2 more Shelby County deaths.” Timesfreepress.com, 7-27-2010. He had been working in his yard with temperatures in mid to high 90s and with heat index over 100°.

[108] Null; KTRE (Jeff Awtrey), Pollock, TX. “Grand jury issues no-bill in baby-left-in-car case. 12-14-2010. KTRE/Awtrey story notes that the father dropped off his son at school but forgot to drop his daughter off at daycare before going to work. Also, NCDC, Storm Data, Vol. 52, No. 8, Aug 2010, p. 435.

[109] Null; KWTX 10. “Parents of Texas Toddler Who Died in Hot Car Sentenced.” 8-26-2011. Parents sentenced to two years after pleading guilty to reckless bodily injury. They left their sun in their SUV about two hours. Their four other children were placed in foster care.

[110] OSHA. Heat Fatalities. “Inspection: 314301763 – Post Buckley Schuh and Jernigan Inc.” 5-10-2013.

[111] Null; San Antonio News-Express (Leezia Dhalla) “`Forgetting’ can lead to hot car deaths.” 8-18-2010.

[112] Null; Dallas Morning News (Tom Benning and Ed Housewright). “Grand jury indicts Wylie man in daughter’s death inside a hot car.” 11-6-2010, updated 11-26-2010. Father said he forgot to take her out of car-seat after three of his other children and their cousin, aged 6-9, got out of his SUV. Child was in vehicle three hours where “temperatures soared…nearly 40 degrees” above outside temps near 100. Father indicted on second-degree felony charge of abandoning or endangering a child.

[113] Null; Dallas Morning News. “7-month-old forgotten in car in Red Bird dies.” 4-30-2010, updated 11-26-2010.

[114] Null; Dallas Morning News (Jon Nielsen). “Toddler dies after being left in day care can in South Dallas.” 9-17-2010, updated 11-26-2010. Article writes “State regulations specify that children must never be left unattended in a day care vehicle and employees must account for all children exiting a vehicle before leaving it unattended.” (There was a driver and an assistant in the van at the time the child was left alone.)

[115] Null; El Paso Times. “Dad Sentenced in tot’s death.” 4-29-2013. Received three-year prison sentence.

[116] Null; Longview News-Journal (Angela Ward). “Dad charged after child dies in vehicle.” 6-18-2010. Father was charged with second-degree felony, injury to a child.

[117] OSHA. Heat Fatalities. Detail. “Inspection: 314426644 – Hallmark Air Conditioning & Heating.” 7-16-2010.

[118] Null; Houston Chronicle (Lindsay Wise). “Houston boy’s family grieves over death in hot car.” 7-28-2010. Writes that “The 78-year-old baby sitter realized Jayden was missing about 11:30 a.m. His body was found seven and a half hours later….Jayden’s mother…had no idea her son was missing until she hot home from work…about 6:30 p.m…`The baby sitter sat on the couch watching television and just said, ‘I’ve looked there, I’ve looked there,’ so my daughter was upset because she wouldn’t help her look for him,’” according to grandfather.

[119] Null; Postmedia News. “Houston, Texas: 2 year old Khoa Nguyen dies after being left in car while autistic brother has seizure.” 8-19-2010.

[120] OSHA. Heat Fatalities. Inspection Detail. “Inspection: 314178419 – Boral Bricks, Inc.” 2-7-2011.

[121] Null; Kingsville Record and Bishop News, TX (Gloria Bigger-Cantu). “Mother sentenced in June 2010 unattended infant death.” 4-13-2011. Mother sentenced to two years in prison, suspended to five years probation after conviction for criminally negligent homicide. Mother forgot child in car in home driveway about 45 minutes.

[122] OSHA. Heat Fatalities. Inspection Detail. “Inspection: 314542747 – Premier Timber Products, Inc.” 1-20-2011.

[123] Null; WFAA 8. “Fort Worth toddler dies after being found in locked car.” 5-27-2010. WFAA article writes the mother said that the boy “had been put to bed around noon by her grandmother. The boy’s grandmother was supposed to be watching him as his parents slept; they both work late shifts. The grandmother reportedly left the house and went to the nearby residence of another family member….the child’s mother called 911 around 12:30 p.m. after she said she couldn’t find the toddler in the house….Police discovered Alexander in obvious distress inside a locked…sedan parked in a neighbor’s driveway. There was a child’s blue step stool next to the passenger’s door. After breaking a window, the boy was removed to a cooler location, but could not be revived.”

[124] Null.

[125] NCDC. Storm Events Database. Event Details. Heat. Texas, Val Verde, July 15, 2010.

[126] OSHA. Heat Fatalities. Inspection Detail. “Inspection: 312923824 – ABC Professional Tree Services.” 11-9-2012. Notes victim “had a core temperature of 109 degrees upon entry into the hospital.”

[127] OSHA. Heat Fatalities. Inspection Detail. “Inspection: 314620881 – Ernesto Gomez.” 12-13-2010.

[128] NCDC. Storm Events Database. Event Details. Excessive Heat. Washington. Blue Mountain Foothills.

[129] OSHA. Heat Fatalities. Inspection Detail. “Inspection: 314487018 – D M Disposal Co Inc.” 12-29-2010.

[130] OSHA. Heat Fatalities. Inspection Detail. “Inspection: 313377343 – Larry Lang Excavating, Inc.” 1-2-2012.

[131] OSHA. Heat Fatalities. Inspection Detail. “Inspection: 313374381 – Nichols Construction, Llc., 10-28-2010.

[132] Notes heat-related fatalities from 2000 to 2013.

[133] OSHA. Heat Fatalities. Inspection Detail. “Inspection: 313529075 – Gary Phillips.” 5-19-2011.

[134] Null; WiscNews (Tim Damos, News Republic). “Mother charged in death of toddler.” 8-24-2010. Mother, who was attending a motorcycle event, was charged with child neglect resulting in death. District Attorney charged she had left the toddler unattended in a hot makeshift camper for hours. The boy’s internal temperature was measured as 108 degrees at a hospital.

[135] Cites IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change). 2014.