2018 — excessive natural heat, esp. AZ (252), Clark Co., NV (163), CA (106), TX (89) –1,012

lornajarrettblanchard January 1, 2018

Compiled by Wayne Blanchard; last edit 2-16-2024 for upload to: http://www.usdeadlyevents.com/

–1012 Davis. “Heat-Related Deaths up 56% Between 2018 and 2021, Provisional Data Shows.”*

–1012 Hurt, Alyson (NPR). Citing National Center for Health Statistics, in Huang, Hurt, Wroth.

— 990 Blanchard tally bases on State breakouts below, from multiple sources cited.

— 933 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, occurrence region, X30, T67

— 897 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, residence state, T67

— 887 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, occurrence state, T67

— 535 CDC Wonder (showing results only for the States with at least 10 heat deaths).

— 476 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, occurrence state, X30

— 439 CDC Wonder Underlying cause of Death, 2018, X-30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

*Davis article in Valuepenguin.com notes in table: “Heat-related deaths (by the year)” that “There were 1.012 heat-related deaths in the U.S. in 2018…” based on a “ValuePenguin analysis of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Provisional Mortality Statistics data.” I was not able to duplicate that number by varying search parameters as can be seen above.

ICDC Codes used in CDC Wonder Online Database:

T67 Effects of heat and light

T67.0 (Heatstroke and sunstroke);

T67.1 (Heat syncope); heat syncope [fainting]; factors include dehydration and lack of acclimatization.

T67.2 (Heat cramp);

T67.3 (Heat exhaustion, anhydrotic); [Note: T67 codes are in the class of “multiple

T67.4 (Heat exhaustion due to salt depletion); cause of death,” meaning, usually, that heat

T67.5 (Heat exhaustion, unspecified); contributed to or combined with another

T67.6 (Heat fatigue, transient); cause of death – such as a heart condition.]

T67.7 (Heat oedema);

T67.8 (Other effects of heat and light);

T67.9 (Effect of heat and light, unspecified)

X30 Exposure to excessive natural heat. [An underlying (or primary) cause of death.]

Summary of State Breakouts Below

Alabama 20 CDC WONDER Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Occurrence state, T67.

Arizona 252 AZDHS. “Heat-Caused & Heat Associated Deaths…by Year (2008-2018).”

Arkansas 14 CDC WONDER Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Occurrence state, T67.

California 106 “ “ “

Colorado 10 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, residence state, T67.

Connecticut 2 Null. Heatstroke Deaths of Children in Vehicles. “2018…Deaths.”

Florida 24 CDC WONDER Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Occurrence state, T67.

Georgia 3 Null. Heatstroke Deaths of Children in Vehicles. “2018…Deaths.” OSHA.

Illinois 16 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, residence state, T67.

Indiana 16 CDC WONDER Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Occurrence state, T67.

Kentucky 12 “ “ “

Louisiana 21 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, residence state, T67.

Maryland 30 CDC WONDER Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Occurrence state, T67.

Mississippi 15 “ “ “

Missouri 28 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, residence state, T67.

Montana 1 Null. Heatstroke Deaths of Children in Vehicles. “2018…Deaths.”

Nebraska 1 OSHA. Accident Search Results [Heat] 2018.

Nevada 168 CDC WONDER Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Occurrence state, T67.

New Mexico 10 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, residence state, T67.

New York 18* “ “ “ “

No. Carolina 11 CDC WONDER Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Occurrence state, T67.

Ohio 22 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, residence state, T67.

Oklahoma 2 Null. Heatstroke Deaths of Children in Vehicles. “2018…Deaths.”

Pennsylvania 31 CDC WONDER Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Occurrence state, T67.

Rhode Island 1 OSHA. Accident Search Results [Heat] 2018.

So. Carolina 24 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, residence state, T67.

Tennessee 20 “ “ “ “ “

Texas 89 CDC WONDER Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Occurrence state, T67.

Utah 1 Salt Lake Tribune. “Belgian tourist dies…rock formation [UT-AZ] border.” 7-31-2018.

Vermont 1 NWS. “2018 Heat Related Fatalities” table. In a mobile home/trailer.

Virginia 18 CDC WONDER Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Occurrence state, T67.

Wisconsin 5 State of WI Emer. Mgmt. “Wisconsin Heat Awareness Day is June 5, 2019.”

*NY note: The 2023 NYC Heat-Related Mortality Report, New York City Environment & Health Data Portal, NYC Dept. of Health and Mental Hygiene’s Bureau of Environmental Surveillance and Policy, notes that “Each summer, on average, an estimated 350 New Yorkres die prematurely because of hot weather.” Notes that on average there were 7 heat-stress deaths, those caused directly by heat,” and “about 345 Heat-exacerbated deaths (caused indirectly by heat aggravating an underlying illness).” The CDC data we note does not include these “heat-exacerbated deaths.”

Breakout of 2018 heat and heat-related deaths by State and locality (where noted):

Alabama 20

–20 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, Occurrence state, T67

–19 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, Residence state, T67.

–16 CDC Wonder Underlying cause of Death, 2018, X-30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

— 1 Andalusia, May 18. Heat stroke, Laila Marie Dees, 4, in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

— 1 Huntsville, Aug 23. Heat stroke; child, 2, in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

Arizona 252

–252 AZDHS. “Heat-Caused & Heat Associated Deaths…by Year (2008-2018).”

–130 Direct Heat-Caused Deaths.[1]

–68 Maricopa County

–15 Mohave County

–26 Pima County

–252 Heat-Associated deaths.[2] (Includes direct heat-caused deaths. (p. 1.)

— * Apache County.[3]

— * Cochise County

— * Coconino County

— * Gila County

— 0 Graham County

— 0 La Paz County

–175 Maricopa County

–1 Phoenix, no date. Environmental heat exposure; Stephanie Pullman, 72.[4]

–2 Phoenix, Sep. Environmental heat exposure in home; couple 69 & 68.[5]

— 16 Mohave County

— 0 Navajo County

— 28 Pima County

— 15 Pinal County

–2 Superior, May 26. Heatstroke; boy, 2, girl, 9 mo., in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org.

— * Santa Cruz County

— * Yavapai County

— * Yuma County

–202 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, occurrence state, T67.

–150 Maricopa County

— 16 Mohave County

— 12 Pima County

— 14 Pinal County

–190 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, Residence state, T67.

–182 Maricopa Co. Heat-Associated Deaths in Maricopa County, AZ. Final Report…2018. 5.[6]

–118 Heat caused death

— 63 Heat-related death

–137 Maricopa County Resident

— 11 Non-Maricopa County Arizona Resident

— 7 Non-Arizona Resident

–121 Non-Homeless

— 61 Homelesss

–59% White

–15% Hispanic

— 8% African American

— 4% Native American

— 1% Asian/Pacific Islander

–139 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, occurrence state, X30.

— 98 CDC Wonder Provisional Mortality Statistics, Multiple Cause of Death, Occurrence State, X30.

— 93 CDC Wonder Underlying Cause of Death, 2018, X-30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

Arkansas 14

–14 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, Residence state, T67.

–10 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, Occurrence state, T67.

— 8 KNWA-TV, Fayetteville, AR. “Heat-related illnesses…” 7-17-2019.[7]

–1 Hermitage, June 19. Heat exhaustion after harvesting vegetables. OSHA.

California 106

–106 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, Residence state, T67.

–105 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, Occurrence state, T67.

–10 Imperial County [Numbers do not add to 105; CDC does not show counties

–17 Los Angeles County with fewer than 10 deaths.]

–37 Riverside County

–10 San Bernardino County

— 77 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, occurrence state, X30.

— 55 CDC Wonder Provisional Mortality Statistics, Multiple Cause of Death, Occurrence State, X30.

— 53 CDC Wonder Underlying cause of Death, 2018, X-30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

Breakout of individual heat-related deaths located by locality:

–1 Bakersfield, Aug 20. Heat stroke; landscaping employee. OSHA

–1 Bermuda Dunes, July 16. Heat-related illness; male, 91, at home [County cited.][8]

–1 Colton, July 7. Heat exhaustion; laborer, unestablished circumstances. OSHA

–1 Hemet, July 7. Heat exposure; male 37, in parking lot.[9]

–2 Hemet, found July 8. Heat exposure; couple in home, male 86 and female, 87.[10]

–1 Hemet, July 15. Heat exhaustion; 1^st day worker, manual labor in and outside hotel. OSHA

–1 Indio, July 16. Heat exposure, male, 84, found in his residence (CA DPH cited).[11]

–1 Moraga, Sep 11. Heat stroke; Lily Aracic, 19 mo., in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

–1 Riverside, July 17. Prolonged exposure to elevated environmental temp. Female, 91.[12]

–1 San Francisco, Aug 6. Suspected heat illness; at home after work outside, high temps. OSHA

–1 South Sacramento, July 7. Heat stroke; boy, 2, in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

–1 Willits, June 20. Heat stroke; boy, 18 months, in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org[13]

–1 Woodlands, July 6. Heat-related illness; USPS employee delivering mail. OSHA

Colorado 10

–10 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, Residence state, T67.

Connecticut 2

— 2 Noheatstroke.org

–1 Waterford, May 3. Heat stroke; Christopher Bosselman, 5, in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

–1 West Haven, July 19. Heat stroke; boy, 4 yrs., in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

Florida 24

–24 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, Occurrence state, T67.

–16 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, occurrence state, X30.

–13 CDC Wonder Underlying cause of death, 2018, X-30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

–12 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, Residence state, T67.

— 1 Miami, Feb 28. Heat stroke; Damon Cruz, 1-year-old, in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

— 1 Naples, Oct 2 Landscaping employee becomes ill, dies “from heat stroke.” OSHA

— 1 Oak Ridge, Sep 28. Heat stroke; Logan Starling, 4 years. Noheatstroke.org

— 1 Pembroke Pines, July 13. Heat stroke; Boy, 17 months, in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

— 1 Sanford, Sep 28. Heat stroke; Kit Noelle Pollard, 1 year, in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

— 1 Spring Hill, Aug 17. Heat stroke; Keyton O’Callaghan, 9 mo., in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

Georgia 3

— 3 Blanchard count of the three deaths noted below.

–1 Colquitt area, June 21. Heat stroke; tomato picker in field, 95⁰ day. (Mother Jones)[14]

–1 Kingsland, June 19. Heat stroke; Slade Edison Horne, 7 mo., in vehicle.Noheatstroke.org

–1 Moultrie, June 21. Heat exhaustion, worker, picking tomatoes. OSHA

Illinois 16

–16 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, Residence state, T67.

–14 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, Occurrence state, T67.

–10 CDC Wonder Underlying cause of Death, 2018, X-30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

Indiana 16

–16 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, Occurrence state, T67.

–14 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, residence state, T67.

–13 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, occurrence state, X30.

–11 CDC Wonder Provisional Mortality Statistics, Multiple Cause of Death, Occurrence State, X30.

–10 CDC Wonder Underlying cause of death, 2018, X-30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

— 1 Anderson, June 3. Heat stroke, Hannah Grace Miller, 3, in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

— 1 Daleville, Sep 5. Heat stroke; Jaxon Stults, 2 years old, in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

— 1 New Albany, July 23. Heat stroke; Aiden miller, 3 mo., in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

Kentucky 12

–12 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, residence state, T67.

–10 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, occurrence state, T67.

— 3 Noheatstroke.org.

–1 Crittenden, June 9. Heat stroke; Lillian D. Kerr, 2, in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org.

–1 Frankfort, June 29. Heat stroke. Calvin Hedges, 3, in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

–1 Goshen, Aug 12. Heat stroke; Nishchay Patel, 3, in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

Louisiana 21

–21 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, residence state, T67.

–20 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, Occurrence state, T67.

–17 CDC Wonder Underlying cause of death, 2018, X-30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

–17 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, occurrence state, X30.

— 1 Shreveport, May 15. Heat stroke; Addyson Blackburn, 6 mo., in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

— 1 Vinton, July 30. Heat-related heart attack; electrical worker, outdoors. OSHA

Maryland 30

–30 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, residence state, T67.

–30 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, Occurrence state, T67.

–15 Baltimore City.

–28 MD Dept. of Health. 2018 Heat-related Illness Surveillance Report. 10-10-2018, p.5.

— 4 Anne Arundel County

–13 Baltimore City

— 2 Baltimore County

— 1 Harford County

— 6 Prince George’s County

— 1 Washington County

— 1 Unknown location

–23 National Weather Service

–14 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, occurrence state, X30.

–12 CDC Wonder Underlying cause of death, 2018, X-30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

Mississippi 15

–15 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, residence state, T67.

–15 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, Occurrence state, T67.

–15 CDC Wonder Underlying cause of death, 2018, X-30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

— 1 Madison, Sep 13. Heat stroke; employee removing shingles from roof. OSHA.

— 1 Vancleave, June 14. Heat stroke; Kash Barhonovich, 10 mo., in vehicle. Null. Noheatstroke

Missouri 28

–28 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, residence state, T67.

–27 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, Occurrence state, T67.

–19 MO SEMA. “Preventing heat deaths; 5 of Missouri’s 19 heat-related deaths last year…” 6-17-2019.

–11 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, occurrence state, X30.

— 1 Cape Girardeau, Aug 11. Heat stroke; girl, 10 weeks, in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

— 1 Clay County, July 4. Heat stroke; Goodnight Ribano, 7 wks., in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org.

— 1 Clay County, July 4. Heat stroke; Ireland Ribano, 2, in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

— 1 Kansas City, July 1. Possible heat-related death investigation; male in his 80s.[15]

— 1 Kansas City, June 24-30. Possible heat-related death investigation; female, 40s.[16]

— 1 Moniteau County, July 4. Heat stroke; girl, 5, in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

— 1 St. Louis County, announced by county medical examiner June 19.[17]

— 1 No details. Noheatstroke.org. “2018 Child Vehicular Heatstroke Deaths”

Montana 1 Glendive, June 26. Heat stroke; Caleb Hopkins, 2, in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

Nebraska 1 Grand Island, July 13. Heat stroke; farm worker in field. OSHA.

Nevada 168

–168 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, Occurrence state, T67.

–163 Clark County.

–153 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, residence state, T67.

–130 Las Vegas Review-Journal. “Heat-related deaths in Clark County…” 8-22-2020.[18]

— 72 NWS, NOAA. “2018 Heat Related Fatalities” table.

— 1 mobile home/trailer (NWS)

–39 outside/open areas (NWS)

–26 permanent home (NWS)

— 4 vehicle/towed trailer (NWS)

— 2 other (NWS)

–114 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, occurrence state, X30

— 61 CDC Wonder Underlying cause of death, 2018, X-30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

New Mexico 10

–10 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, residence state, T67.

New York 18

–18 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, residence state, T67.

–17 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, occurrence state, T67.

–14 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, occurrence state, X30.

–12 CDC Wonder Underlying cause of death, 2018, X-30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

— 1 Brooklyn, July 29. Cardiac symptoms related to high heat. OSHA

— 1 Brooklyn, Aug 2. Heat stroke and cardiac arrest; recycling plant worker. OSHA

— 1 Coram, Aug 28. Heat stroke; Adrianna C. Celenza, 11 years, in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

— 1 Wilmington, July 1. Male, 30, collapses, mountain trail race; internal temp. reached 108⁰.[19]

North Carolina 11

–11 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, Occurrence state, T67.

–10 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, residence state, T67.

— 1 Raleigh, June 8. Heat stroke; boy, 7 months, in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org.

Ohio 22

–22 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, residence state, T67.

–20 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, Occurrence state, T67.

–13 CDC Wonder Underlying cause of death, 2018, X-30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

–12 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, occurrence state, X30

— 1 Medina, July 14. Heat stroke; girl, 6 months, in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

— 1 Zanesville, Sep 4. Heat stroke; boy, 1 month old in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

Oklahoma 2

— 2 Noheatstroke.org

–1 El Reno, Aug 2. Heat stroke; boy, 3, in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

–1 Harrah, June 21. Heat stroke, Maddox Ryan Durbin, 5, in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

Oregon 1 Roseburg, June 21. Heat stroke; boy, 21 mo., in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

Pennsylvania 31

–31 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, Occurrence state, T67.

–30 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, residence state, T67.

–15 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, occurrence state, X30.

–14 CDC Wonder Underlying cause of death, 2018, X-30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

— 1 Ambler, Sep 6. Heat stroke; employee grading rocks and soil. OSHA

— 1 Blair Co., June 30. Heat-related causes working in garden; cardiac arrest in home; died in hosp.; female.[20]

— 1 Gettysburg, Sep 15. Employee grading land, hot day; taken to hospital; heat stroke death. OSHA

— 1 Hamburg, June 18. Possible heat-related heart attack driving a boat; male. OSHA

— 3 Philadelphia. WHYY PBS. “Heat wave claims life of Philly man.” 7-22-2019.

Rhode Island 1 Providence, Aug 7. Heat stress. Brickwork employee, 30.[21] OSHA.

South Carolina 24

–24 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, residence state, T67.

–23 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, Occurrence state, T67.

–18 CDC Wonder Underlying cause of death, 2018, X-30 (exposure to excessing natural heat).

–16 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, occurrence state, X30.

— 1 Blythewood, May 23. Heat stroke; Zion Akinrefon, 4; had gotten himself locked in family car.[22]

— 1 Dillon, Sep 8. Heat stroke; Jonah Ayden Matthews, 3, in vehicle. Null. Noheatstroke.org

— 1 Florence, Sep 6. Heat stroke; Dean Emerson Coward, 7 mo., in vehicle. Null. Noheatstroke.org

— 1 North Charleston, Apr 3. Heat stroke; Jack Duggan, 10 mo., in vehicle. Null. Noheatstroke.org

— 1 Pelzer, May 31. Heat stroke; Joe Avery James Lockaby, 18 mo., in vehicle. Null. Noheatstroke

— 1 Rock Hill, Aug 26. Heat stroke; Lamartray Adams Jr., 2, in vehicle. Null. Noheatstroke.org

— 1 Spartanburg, June 15. Heat stroke; King Trammel, 18 mo., in vehicle. Null. Noheatstroke

Tennessee 20

–20 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, residence state, T67.

–19 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, Occurrence state, T67.

–15 CDC Wonder Underlying cause of death, 2018, X-30 (exposure to excessing natural heat).

–15 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, occurrence state, X30

— 1 East Nashville, May 23. Heat stroke; Katera Barker, 1 yr., in vehicle. Null. Noheatstroke

— 1 Sweetwater, July 9. Heat stroke; Greg Puckett, 3, in vehicle. Null. Noheatstroke.org

Texas 89

–89 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, Occurrence state, T67.

–11 Dallas County

–84 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, residence state, T67.

–60 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, occurrence state, X30.

–46 CDC Wonder Underlying cause of death, 2018, X-30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

— 1 Athens, Sep 6. Heat stroke; girl, 6 months, in vehicle. Null. Noheatstroke.org

— 1 Baytown, June 4. Heat stroke; Maria Solorio, 9 mo., in vehicle. Null. Noheatstroke.org

— 1 Burton, July 17. Heat stress; employee while pressure washing a vehicle. OSHA

— 1 Eagle Pass, May 16. Heat stroke; girl, 7 months, in vehicle. Null. Noheatstroke.org

— 5 El Paso. KFox 14, El Paso. “Heat related deaths also claimed young El Pasoans’ lives. 7-10-2020.[23]

— 1 Fort Worth, July 7. Possible heat stroke or heart attack; construction worker. OSHA

–15 Harris County. Houston Health Department. “Expected High Heat Indices…” 6-7-2019.

–1 Houston, July 19. Heat stroke; Raymond Pryer, 3, in vehicle. Null. Noheatstroke.org

— 1 Humble, Sep 16. Heat stroke; Alacia Esquivel, 2 years, in vehicle; Null. Noheatstroke.org

— 1 Silsbee, Sep 19. Outdoors welder “suffers injuries during extreme heat and dies.” OSHA

Utah 1 Kane County, July 30. Christophe Pochic, 49, hiking at rock formation.[24]

Vermont 1 NWS. “2018 Heat Related Fatalities” table. In a mobile home/trailer.

Virginia 18

–18 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, residence state, T67.

–16 CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple Cause of death, Occurrence state, T67.

–11 CDC Wonder Underlying cause of death, 2018, X-30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

— 2 Chesterfield, May 10. Heat stroke; girl and boy, 5 mo., in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

— 1 Emporia, Aug 10. Heat stroke; Dameer Curry, 6 months, in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

— 1 Goochland County, Aug 8. Heat stroke, girl, 17 mo., in vehicle. Noheatstroke.org

Wisconsin 5

–5 State of WI Div. of Emergency Mgmt. “Wisconsin Heat Awareness Day is June 5, 2019.”[25]

Narrative Information

(General)

CDC. “Heat-Related Deaths – [U.S.], 1999-2003,” MMWR, V55, N29, 7-28-2006, 796-798:

“Heat-related illnesses (e.g., heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat syncope, or heatstroke) can occur when high ambient temperatures overcome the body’s natural ability to dissipate heat. Older adults, young children, and persons with chronic medical conditions are particularly susceptible to these illnesses and are at high risk for heat-related mortality. Previous analyses of the risk factors associated with heat-related deaths have been based on the underlying cause entered on the death certificate. The analysis revealed that including these deaths increased the number of heat-related deaths by 54% and suggested that the number of heat-related deaths is underestimated.

“CDC uses information from death certificates categorized by codes from the International Classification of Diseases to estimate national mortality trends. These data, collected and submitted by states, were used to determine the number of deaths in the United States during 1999–2003 that had exposure to excessive natural heat^§ recorded as the underlying cause (code X30 from ICD, tenth revision [ICD-10]), hyperthermia recorded as a contributing factor (ICD-10 code T67) (6), or both….

“Editorial Note: In this analysis, the inclusion of hyperthermia as a contributing cause of death increased by 54% the total number of heat-related deaths during 1999–2003 that would have been counted through inclusion of a heat-related underlying cause alone. Because heat-related illnesses can exacerbate existing medical conditions and death from heat exposure can be preceded by various symptoms, heat-related deaths can be difficult to identify when illness onset or death is not witnessed by a clinician. In addition, the criteria used to determine heat-related causes of death vary among states. This can lead to underreporting heat-related deaths or to reporting heat as a factor contributing to death rather than the underlying cause.

“Continued exposure to excessive heat can lead to hyperthermia or death. Of the heat-related illnesses, heat exhaustion and heatstroke are the most serious. Heat exhaustion is characterized by muscle cramps, fatigue, headache, nausea or vomiting, and dizziness or fainting. The skin is often cool and moist, indicating that the body’s mechanism for cooling itself (i.e., sweating) is still functioning. The pulse rate is typically fast and weak, and breathing is rapid and shallow. If untreated, heat exhaustion can progress to heatstroke. Heatstroke is a serious, life-threatening condition characterized by a high body temperature (>103^ºF [>39.4^ºC]); red, hot, and dry skin (no sweating); rapid, strong pulse; throbbing headache; dizziness; nausea; confusion; and unconsciousness. Symptoms can progress to encephalopathy, liver and kidney failure, coagulopathy, and multiple organ system dysfunction. Prompt treatment of heat-related illnesses with aggressive fluid replacement and cooling of core body temperature is critical to reducing morbidity and mortality.

“Many heat-related deaths, regardless of whether they are associated with chronic medical conditions, are preventable. During periods of extreme heat, heat-related illnesses can be prevented by avoiding strenuous outdoor activities, drinking adequate amounts of fluid, avoiding alcohol consumption, wearing lightweight clothing, and using air-conditioning. Groups at high risk include young children, persons aged >65 years, persons who do strenuous activities outdoors, and persons with chronic (particularly cardiovascular) medical conditions.”

EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) on Heat-Related Deaths (11-21-2023):

“When people are exposed to extreme heat, they can suffer from potentially deadly illnesses, such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Hot temperatures can also contribute to deaths from heart attacks, strokes, and other forms of cardiovascular disease. Heat is the leading weather-related killer in the United States, even though most heat-related deaths are preventable through outreach and intervention (see EPA’s Excessive Heat Events Guidebook at: www.epa.gov/heat-islands/excessive-heat-events-guidebook).

Unusually hot summer temperatures have become more common across the contiguous 48 states in recent decades…extreme heat events (heat waves) have become more frequent and intense… and these trends are expected to continue. As a result, the risk of heat-related deaths and illness is also expected to increase.^[26] The “urban heat island” effect accentuates the problem by causing even higher temperatures in densely developed urban areas. Reductions in cold-related deaths are projected to be smaller than increases in heat-related deaths in most regions. Death rates can also change, however, as people acclimate to higher temperatures and as communities strengthen their heat response plans and take other steps to continue to adapt.

“Certain population groups already face higher risks of heat-related death, and increases in summertime temperature variability will increase that risk. The population of adults aged 65 and older, which is expected to continue to grow, has a higher-than-average risk of heat-related death. Children are particularly vulnerable to heat-related illness and death, as their bodies are less able to adapt to heat than adults, and they must rely on others to help keep them safe. People with certain diseases, such as cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses, are especially vulnerable to excessive heat exposure, as are the economically disadvantaged. Data also suggest a higher risk among non-Hispanic Blacks.”

Trent, CA Dept. of Health Services on Heat-Related (HR) Illness: “HR illness is described according to three stages of increasing severity:

Heat cramps. Mild and easy to treat, this level involves fevers generally under 102 degrees Fahrenheit.
Heat exhaustion: Involves fevers over 102 degrees Fahrenheit, often with vomiting, diarrhea, and fatigue.
Heat stroke: A severe and life-threatening failure of body’s ability to cool (e.g., sweating ceases), with fevers over 104 degrees Fahrenheit. Heat stroke can result in organ and neurologic damage and lead quickly to death.” (p. 3)

“Exertional heat stroke tends to occur among younger (under 50 years old), healthier persons who develop heat stroke after strenuous activity and inadequate hydration. The result is dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Exposures may involve work or recreational activities outdoors.

“Classic heat stroke tends to occur among persons who are older (over 50 years old), frail, and with chronic diseases. They may take medications, have psychological or cognitive problems, and live alone. They are assumed to have a compromised thermoregulatory response due to their age, illnesses, and medications. They generally are not in an air conditioned space when discovered with heat stroke symptoms or deceased.” (p. 5)

(Trent, Roger B., Ph.D. (CA Dept. of Health Services). Review of July 2006 Heat Wave Related Fatalities in California. Sacramento, CA: Epidemiology and Prevention for Injury Control Branch, California Department of Health Services, May 2007.)

Associated Press (Anita Snow and Kendria Lafleur), Mishmash of how US heat deaths are counted complicates efforts to keep people safe as Earth warms.” 8-13-2023:

“….Even when it seems obvious that extreme heat was a factor, death certificates don’t always reflect the role it played. Experts say a mishmash of ways more than 3,000 counties calculate heat deaths means we don’t really know how many people die in the U.S. each year because of high temperatures in an ever warming world.

“That imprecision harms efforts to better protect people from extreme heat because officials who set policies and fund programs can’t get the financial and other support needed to make a difference….Currently, about the only consistency in counting heat deaths in the U.S. is that officials and climate specialists acknowledge fatalities are grossly undercounted…

“ ‘It’s frustrating that for 90 years public health officials in the United States have not had a good picture of heat-related mortality because we have such a bad data system,’ said Dr. David Jones, a Harvard Medical School professor who also teaches in the epidemiology department at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

“There is no uniformity among who does the counting across U.S. jurisdictions. Death investigations in some places might be carried out by a medical examiner, typically a physician trained in forensic pathology. In other locales, the coroner could be an elected sheriff, such as the one in Orange County, California. In some small counties in Texas, a justice of peace might determine cause of death. Utah and Massachusetts are among states that do not track heat-related deaths where exposure to extreme heat was a secondary factor.

“The CDC, which is often several years behind in reporting, draws information on heat deaths from death certificate information included in local, state, tribal and territorial databases. The CDC said in a statement that coroners and others who fill out death certificates ‘are encouraged to report all causes of death,’ but they may not always associate those contributing causes to an extreme heat exposure death and include the diagnostic codes for heat illnesses.

“Hess, the Arizona coroner [Pima County medical examiner], said determining environmental heat was a factor in someone’s death is difficult and can take weeks or even months of investigation including toxicological tests. ‘If someone was shot in the head, it’s pretty obvious what happened there,’ Hess said. ‘But when you find a body in a hot apartment 48 hours after they died, there is a lot of ambiguity.’ Hess noted that Pima County this year began including heat-related deaths in its tally of environmental heat fatalities….”

Narrative Information

Maricopa County, Arizona

“Heat Associated Deaths in Maricopa County

“Heat Caused (HC): Cases that mention heat or heat exposure in Part I of the death certificate

causes of death (diseases or conditions in the direct sequence causing death), for variables cod_a,

cod_b, cod_c, or cod_d. County of death: Maricopa.

Heat Related (HR): Cases that mention heat exposure in Part II of the death certificate causes of

death (diseases and conditions contributing but not directly resulting in the death sequence), but

not in any of the Part I variables (cod_a, cod_b, cod_c, or cod_d). County of death: Maricopa.

Under Investigation (UI): Cases the Maricopa County Office of Medical Examiner suspects are

heat associated deaths.

Data Sources: Maricopa County, Office of Vital Registration and Office of Medical Examiner;

Arizona Department of Health Services, Office of Vital Registration.”

Sources

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Associated Press (Anita Snow and Kendria Lafleur), Mishmash of how US heat deaths are counted complicates efforts to keep people safe as Earth warms.” 8-13-2023. Accessed 2-14-2024 at: https://apnews.com/article/counting-extreme-heat-deaths-7125ad9a5289625bd9ca312945996399

Associated Press (Anita Snow). “Western heat wave threatens health in vulnerable communities.” KRQI, Albuquerque. 6-18-2021. Accessed 7-8-2021 at: https://www.krqe.com/news/national/western-heat-wave-threatens-health-in-vulnerable-communities/

Call Newspapers, So. St. Louis County. “St. Louis County sees first heat-related death this year, sets cooling sites.” 6-19-2018. Accessed 7-8-2021 at: https://callnewspapers.com/st-louis-heat-stroke/

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Heat-Related Deaths – United States, 1999-2003,” MMWR (Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Report), Vol. 55, No. 29, 7-28-2006, pp. 796-798. Accessed 2-16-2024 at: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5529a2.htm

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Provisional Mortality on CDC WONDER Online Database. Data are from the final Multiple Cause of Death Files, 2018-2021, and from provisional data for years 2022-2024, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10-provisional.html on Feb 16, 2024 12:05:50 PM [search used “Occurrence State” and T67 fields]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Provisional Mortality on CDC WONDER Online Database. Data are from the final Multiple Cause of Death Files, 2018-2021, and from provisional data for years 2022-2024, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10-provisional.html on Feb 16, 2024 12:32:25 PM [Occurrence County search for T67 heat deaths 2018.]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Wonder. Provisional Mortality Statistics 2018. Multiple cause of death, occurrence region, X30 and T67. Accessed 2-16-2024 at: https://wonder.cdc.gov/controller/datarequest/D176;jsessionid=79A4650B1C7F8DAA495E17D399E2

Center for Public Integrity and Columbia Journalism Investigations. “Climate Change is Killing Americans. Health Departments Aren’t Equipped to Respond. How a decade of neglect and politics undermined the CDC’s fight against climate change.” 6-16-2020. Accessed 7-8-2021 at: https://publicintegrity.org/environment/hidden-epidemics/underfunded-unprepared-cdc-fight-against-climate-change-public-health-heat-death/

CNN (Brandon Miller and Madison Park). “Heat wave turns deadly and is expected to last through the Fourth of July.” 7-3-2018. Accessed 7-8-2021 at: https://www.cnn.com/2018/07/03/us/heat-wave-wxc/index.html

Davis, Maggie. “Heat-Related Deaths up 56% Between 2018 and 2021, Provisional Data Shows.” ValuePenguin Health Insurance (a free source for information and tools to help make consumer spending decisions). 6-6-2022. Accessed 2-5-2024 at: https://www.valuepenguin.com/heat-related-deaths-study

EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). Climate Change Indicators: Heat-Related Deaths (webpage). 11-1-2023. Accessed 2-7-2024 at: https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-related-deaths#ref6

Houston Health Department. “Expected High Heat Indices Pose Risk to Groups Particularly Vulnerable To Heat-related Illnesses.” 6-7-2019. Accessed 7-12-2021 at: https://www.houstontx.gov/health/NewsReleases/heat-20190607.html

Huang, Pien, Alyson Hurt and Carmel Wroth. “This CDC data shows where rates of heat-related illness are highest.” 7-26-2023. Accessed 2-5-2024 at: https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/07/26/1190085775/this-cdc-data-shows-where-rates-of-heat-related-illness-are-highest

KFox 14, El Paso. “Heat related deaths also claimed young El Pasoans’ lives. 7-10-2020. Accessed 7-12-2021 at: https://kfoxtv.com/news/local/in-2018-and-2019-more-young-people-in-el-paso-died-from-the-heat

KNWA-TV (Hicham Raache), Fayetteville, AR. “Heat-related illnesses and how to stay safe.” 7-17-2019. Accessed 7-7-2021 at: https://www.nwahomepage.com/myfox24/a-closer-look-heat-related-illnesses-and-how-to-stay-safe-2/

Las Vegas Review-Journal (Katelyn Newberg). “Heat-related deaths in Clark County in 2019 down 40% from 2018.” 8-22-2020. Accessed 7-8-2021 at: https://www.reviewjournal.com/life/health/heat-related-deaths-in-clark-county-in-2019-down-40-from-2018-2101221/

Maricopa County Public Health, AZ. Heat-Associated Deaths in Maricopa County, AZ. Final Report for 2018. Accessed 2-16-2024 at: https://www.maricopa.gov/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/4765

Maryland Department of Health. 2018 Heat-related Illness Surveillance Report. 10-10-2018. Accessed 7-7-2021 at: https://health.maryland.gov/preparedness/Documents/2018%20Summary%20Heat%20Report.pdf

Missouri State Emergency Management Agency. “Preventing heat deaths; 5 of Missouri’s 19 heat-related deaths last year were children left in vehicles (SEMA News Release).” 6-17-2019. Accessed 7-10-2020 at: https://sema.dps.mo.gov/news/newsitem/uuid/728646dd-2f1f-44e6-b867-bb6e2ae7794a

Mother Jones (Nathalie Baptiste). “Farmworkers Are Dying from Extreme Heat.” 8-24-2018. Accessed 7-7-2021 at: https://www.motherjones.com/food/2018/08/farmworkers-are-dying-from-extreme-heat/

National Weather Service, NOAA. “2018 Heat Related Fatalities” table. Accessed 7-7-2021 at: https://www.weather.gov/media/hazstat/heat18.pdf

NBC, Palm Springs CA. “County [Riverside]: Six Dead from Heat-Related Complications This Month.” 7-24-2018. Accessed 7-7-2021 at: https://nbcpalmsprings.com/2018/07/24/county-six-dead-from-heat-related-complications-this-month/

New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Environmental Surveillance and Policy, NYC Environment & Health Data Portal. 2023 NYC Heat-Related Mortality Report. Accessed 2-14-2024 at: https://a816-dohbesp.nyc.gov/IndicatorPublic/key-topics/climatehealth/heat-report/

Null, Jan. Noheatstroke.org. “2018 Child Vehicular Heatstroke Deaths; Total = 53.” Accessed 7-7-2021 at: https://noheatstroke.org/hyperthermia2018.html

North Coast Journal (Thadeus Greenson) Humboldt County, CA. “Trinidad Woman Jailed in Mendocino After Allegedly Causing 18-Month-Old Son’s Death.” 6-21-2018. Accessed 7-7-2021 at: https://www.northcoastjournal.com/NewsBlog/archives/2018/06/21/trinidad-woman-jailed-in-mendocino-after-allegedly-causing-18-month-old-sons-death

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), U.S. Department of Labor. Heat-related fatality search 7-7-2021. Accessed at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/AccidentSearch.search?p_logger=1&acc_description=heat&acc_Abstract=&acc_keyword=&Fatal=fatal&sic=&naics=&Office=All&officetype=All&endmonth=01&endday=01&endyear=2018&startmonth=12&startday=31&startyear=2018&InspNr=

Providence Journal (Harry August). “Heat Danger: As summer temperatures increase in Rhode Island, so do risks for those who work outdoors,” 8-16-2019. Accessed 7-11-2021 at: https://www.providencejournal.com/news/20190816/heat-danger-as-summer-temperatures-increase-in-rhode-island-so-do-risks-for-those-who-work-outdoors

Salt Lake Tribune (AP). “Belgian tourist dies at ‘The Wave’ rock formation on Utah-Arizona border.” 7-31-2018. Accessed 7-11-2021 at: https://www.sltrib.com/news/2018/08/01/belgian-tourist-dies-wave/AP%202018/AP%202018/

State of Wisconsin Division of Emergency Management. “Wisconsin Heat Awareness Day is June 5, 2019.” 5-29-2019. Accessed 7-11-2021 at: https://readywisconsin.wi.gov/wp-content/uploads/Be_Informed/PDF/HeatAwarenessDay2019.pdf

Trent, Roger B., Ph.D. (CA Dept. of Health Services). Review of July 2006 Heat Wave Related Fatalities in California. Sacramento, CA: Epidemiology and Prevention for Injury Control Branch, California Department of Health Services, May 2007. Accessed 8-31-2015 at: https://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/injviosaf/Documents/HeatPlanAssessment-EPIC.pdf

United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, Midwest Information Office. “Fatal Work Injuries in Ohio- 2019.” Accessed 7-8-2021 at:

https://www.bls.gov/regions/midwest/news-release/fatalworkinjuries_ohio.htm

[1] “Heat-caused deaths are deaths where the primary cause of death is listed as exposure to excessive natural heat.”

[2] “Heat-associated deaths are deaths where exposure to excessive natural heat is listed anywhere on the death record and include those that were heat-caused.

[3] An asterisk footnote (*) notes that the number of deaths is suppressed when above zero but less than six.

[4] AP (A. Snow). “Western heat wave threatens health in vulnerable communities.” KRQI, Albuquerque. 6-18-2021. Writes that her utility turned off her electricity for failure to pay $51. The death ruling was from a coroner.

[5] Victims identified as Larry and Kathleen Purchase, 69 and 68 respectively, “who died from environmental heat exposure in their Phoenix home during an unusual string of triple-digit days in September 2018…. When their 1970s rooftop air conditioner broke, they didn’t have the several hundred dollars to fix it. The day they were found, the temperature in their home hovered around 100 degrees.” (Center for Public Integrity and Columbia Journalism Investigations. “Climate Change is Killing Americans.” 6-16-2020.)

[6] “Data Sources: Maricopa County, Office of Vital Registration and Office of Medical Examiner; Arizona Department of Health Services, Office of Vital Registration.”

[7] Cites Meg Mirivel, public info. director, Arkansas Dept. of Health’s Office Office of Health Communications.

[8] NBC, Palm Springs CA. “County [Riverside]: Six Dead from Heat-Related Complications This Month.” 7-24-2018

[9] NBC, Palm Springs CA. “County [Riverside]: Six Dead from Heat-Related Complications This Month.” 7-24-2018

[10] NBC, Palm Springs CA. “County [Riverside]: Six Dead from Heat-Related Complications This Month.” 7-24-2018

[11] NBC, Palm Springs CA. “County [Riverside]: Six Dead…Heat-Related Complications This Month.” 7-24-2018.

[12] NBC, Palm Springs CA. “County [Riverside]: Six Dead…Heat-Related Complications This Month.” 7-24-2018.

[13] According to the North Coast Journal, Humboldt County, CA: “A 23-year-old Trinidad woman has been jailed in Mendocino County without bail on suspicion of willfully causing or permitting a child to suffer great bodily injury or death…Alexandrea Raven Scott was taken into custody after bringing her 18-month-old son, Chergery Teywoh Lew Mays, to a Willits hospital, where he was pronounced dead Wednesday…The Mendocino County Sheriff’s Office alleges Scott left her toddler son unattended in his car seat with the car windows rolled up in front of a residence in the 2600 block of Mitomkai Way in Willits for 10 hours…” (“Trinidad Woman Jailed…” 6-21-2018.

[14] Victim identified as Miguel Angel Guzman Chavez, who arrived in Georgia from Mexico, June 16. His collapse from heat stroke led to cardiac arrest.

[15] CNN (B. Miller/M. Park). “Heat wave turns deadly and is expected to last through the Fourth of July.” 7-3-2018.

[16] CNN (B. Miller/M. Park). “Heat wave turns deadly and is expected to last through the Fourth of July.” 7-3-2018. Cites. Kansas City Health Department.

[17] Call Newspapers, So. St. Louis County. “St. Louis County sees first heat-related death this year…” 6-19-2018.

[18] Cites data from Southern Nevada Health District.

[19] CNN (B. Miller/M. Park). “Heat wave turns deadly and is expected to last through the Fourth of July.” 7-3-2018.

[20] CNN (B. Miller/M. Park). “Heat wave turns deadly and is expected to last through the Fourth of July.” 7-3-2018.

[21] Victim identified as Sean J. Conley, 30, who had been hired to unload, stack and clean bricks outside a nursing home in East Providence. Providence Journal, Harry August. “Heat Danger: As summer temperatures increase in Rhode Island, so do risks for those who work outdoors,” 8-16-2019. Notes that “By 2 p.m., six hours into Conley’s workday, the heat index had climbed to 96.5 degrees. By around 2:15, he had collapsed from the heat.” His core body temperature was measured as 110.6 degrees at a hospital, and his cause of death was a result of hyperthermia.

[22] Family was visiting relatives. The child apparently went outside through a side door and gotten into the car and could not get back out. (The State, Columbia. “With 1^st death in years, Richland sheriff, coroner stress dangers of kids in hot cars.” 5-25-2019.)

[23] Cites the El Paso Extreme Weather Task Force.

[24] Salt Lake Tribune (AP). “Belgian tourist dies at ‘The Wave’ rock formation on Utah-Arizona border.” 7-31-2018.

[25] Cites the Wisconsin Department of Health Services for data on five “heat-related causes.”

[26] Cites IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change). 2014.