24–~209

lornajarrettblanchard January 28, 1951

— 350 Marshall Evening Chronicle, MI. “New Cold Wave Fans Nation…” 2-7-1951, p. 1.
— 319 UP. “Dixie Freeze (continued from p.1).” Portland Telegram & Press Herald, 2-4-1951, 8.
— 308 UP. “Death Toll of Cold Wave Reaches 308…” The Yuma Daily Sun, AZ. 2-3-1951, p1.
— 287 United Press. “Cold Extends To Southland.” Nevada State Journal, 2-3-1951, p. 1.
–>238 Traverse City Record-Eagle, MI. “Frostbitten…Groundhog Sees Shadow.” 2-2-1951, 1.
–>215 Marshall Evening Chronicle, MI. “Storm Lashes U.S.” 2-1-1951, 2.
— 209 Blanchard tally from State breakouts below.
–>200 Anniston Star, AL. “Cold Weather Florida Bound; Ohio Suffers.” 2-4-1951, p. 1.
–>200 Moberly Monitor-Index, MO. “Cold Wave Cuts…Path Across South.” 2-3-1951, 4.
—<200 Thomasville Times, GA. “South Hopes for Relief from 6-Day Frigid Wave.” 2-3-1951, 1. -- 175 Delta Democrat-Times, Greenville, MS. “Another Icy Blast…Canada.” 1-31-1951, p. 1. --86 “Traffic accidents blamed on slippery highways…” --56 Fires (Includes 20 killed on Hoquiam, WA convalescent home fire.” --13 Exposure or heart attacks --11 Plane crashes. [We have found no evidence for this.] -- 9 Miscellaneous causes -- 175 AP. “Winter Embraces Sunny Southland.” Wilson Daily Times, NC. 2-3-1951, p. 1. -- 130 UP. “Severe Cold Holds Nation in Icy Grip.” Nevada State Journal, Reno. 1-31-1951, p1. --70 Road/traffic accidents “on icy highways.” --33 Fires “from overheated stoves and furnaces…” --11 Exposure or cold-induced heart attacks. -- 9 Plane crashes [We have found no evidence for this.] -- 8 Miscellaneous -- 85 UP. “Sub-Zero Cold Moves Eastward.” Nevada State Journal, Reno. 1-30-1951, p. 1. -- >80 AP. “Icy Cold, Storms Take Heavy Toll.” Reno Evening Gazette, NV. 2-1-1951, p. 1.
— 69 UP. “69 Persons Killed as Result of Cold Wave…” Neosho Daily Democrat, MO. 1-29-1951, p2.
–49 Highway accidents
–15 Fires
— 3 Plane crashes “storm-caused.”
— 2 Exposure/Freezing
— ~60 AP. “Winter Season’s Roughest Weather Envelopes Nation With Cold, Rain.” Wilson Daily Times, NC 1-31-1951, 1.
— 49 Gulf States, Arkansas, Tennessee, Georgia and the Carolinas. UP, Feb 3.
–>20 AP. “Cold Blast Cause of Much Damage.” The Republican-Courier, Findlay, OH, 1-30-1951, 3.
Summary of Breakouts of Fatalities by State

Alabama: ( 9) Michigan: (16) Tennessee: ( 6)
Arkansas: ( 9) Mississippi: (10) Texas: (24)
California: ( 1) Missouri: ( 3) Utah: ( 1)
Colorado: ( 1) Montana: ( 1) Virginia: ( 1)
Georgia: (10) Nevada ( 1) West Virginia ( 2)
Illinois: ( 2) New Mexico: ( 1) Wisconsin ( 1)
Indiana: (30) North Carolina ( 1) Wyoming ( 1)
Iowa: ( 4) Ohio: (30)
Kansas ( 2) Oklahoma: ( 5) Total 209
Kentucky: (14) Pennsylvania ( 9)
Louisiana: ( 9) Rhode Island ( 1)
Massachusetts( 3) South Dakota ( 1)

Breakout of Fatalities by State (and localities when noted):

Alabama: ( 9)
— 9 Anniston Star, AL. “Cold Weather Florida Bound; Ohio Suffers.” 2-4-1951, p. 1.
— 6 Moberly Monitor-Index, MO. “Cold Wave Cuts Damaging Path Across South.” 2-3-1951, 4
–>6 Thomasville Times, GA. “South Hopes for Relief from 6-Day Frigid Wave.” 2-3-1951, 1.
— 5 Fires. UP. “69 Persons Killed as Result of Cold Wave…” Neosho Daily Democrat, MO. 1-29-1951, p2.
— 2 Traffic accidents. AP. “Bitter Cold Takes 60 Lives.” Sarasota Herald-Tribune, FL, 1-31-1951, p3.

Arkansas: ( 9)
— 9 Anniston Star, AL. “Cold Weather Florida Bound; Ohio Suffers.” 2-4-1951, p. 1.
— 9 AP. “State Suffers Heavy Loss in Severe Storm.” The Camden News, AR. 2-3-1951, p. 1.
–1 Ft. Smith, Feb 2. Heart attack; body of Fred S. Homan, 49, found outside home in snow.
–2 Joiner, Feb 2. CO poisoning; Londell McMullen, 23, and Medford Dearing, 48, in car.
–1 Mineral Springs, Feb 2. Heart attack or exposure. William C. Walker, 72, found in unheated house.
–5 Previously noted deaths (which we show below from Blytheville Courier News.
— 9 Thomasville Times, GA. “South Hopes for Relief from 6-Day Frigid Wave.” 2-3-1951, 1.
— 5 Blytheville Courier News, Ark. “Arkansas Counts 5 Dead in Cold Blast…” 2-2-1951, p. 1.
–1 Swifton. Car “skidded on icy pavement…and crashed into…car.” Mrs. Sam Crossland.
–1 Texarkana, Feb 1. Exposure; found dead in RR shanty; Harvey Ward Phillips, 59.
–1 Texarkana, Feb 1. Heart attack while clearing away snow at home; M.W. Belt, 43.
–1 Welcome Community area, Jan 29. Exposure; Charles Howard Slappey, 40.
–1 West Memphis. Drowning; fell through ice; Thomas Deah Howell, 13.

California: ( 1)
–1 Exposure. AP. “Bitter Cold Takes 60 Lives.” Sarasota Herald-Tribune, FL, 1-31-1951, p. 3.

Colorado: ( 1)
–1 Exposure. AP. “Bitter Cold Takes 60 Lives.” Sarasota Herald-Tribune, FL, 1-31-1951, p. 3.

Georgia: (10)
–10 Anniston Star, AL. “Cold Weather Florida Bound; Ohio Suffers.” 2-4-1951, p. 1.
— 1 Monticello area. Young male pedestrian hit by car during a snow storm.

Illinois: ( 2)
–2 AP. “Bitter Cold Takes 60 Lives.” Sarasota Herald-Tribune, FL, 1-31-1951, p. 3.
–1 Exposure.
–1 Traffic accident. (Perhaps a reference to the Marion area truck and snowplow event.)
–1 Marion area, route 166. Coal truck slides into State snow plow killing driver, Guy Pulley.

Indiana: (30)
— 30 Blanchard tally: 27 reported by AP on Feb 5 and 3 new deaths by Pharos Tribune, Feb 8.
— 27 AP. “Death Toll in State from Cold Weather is Placed at 27.” Kokomo Tribune, IN, 2-5-1951, 7.
–>20 INS. “Week End to Bring Rise in Mercury.” The Tipton Daily Tribune, IN. 2-3-1951, p.1.
–>16 Vidette-Messenger, Valparaiso, IN. “Mercury Dip Slows Down in This Area.” 2-3-1951, p. 1.
— 11 AP. “Bitter Cold Takes 60 Lives.” Sarasota Herald-Tribune, FL, 1-31-1951, p. 3.
–2 Traffic accidents.
–9 Exposure.
— 6 Traffic accident deaths “on icy highways” in central Indiana, Jan 30 report.
— 3 Pharos-Tribune, Logansport, IN. “Mercury to Climb Slowly.” 2-8-1951, p. 12.
Breakout of Indiana winter weather related fatalities by locality, when noted:
–1 Bedford area. Exposure; Mrs. Annabelle Mosier, 74, found dead outside home by son.
–2 Edinburg area. Traffic accident on icy road; Camp Atterbury officer and his wife.
–1 Jeffersonville. Heart attack shoveling car out of snow drift; Waldermar Stanley Jenks, 53.
–1 Muncie area, IN-3. Automobile accident “on an icy hill…” Vincent R. Wells, 70.
–1 Orland. Fire “from an overheated stove,” apparently due to extreme cold weather.
–1 Rushville. Heart attack while shoveling snow at home; John A. Neff, 62.
–1 Jeffersonville depot. RR conductor, slipped on ice/went under RR car; Clinton L. McAmis, 50.

Iowa ( 4)
–4 Blanchard tally of three deaths reported as of Jan 31, and one additional death on Feb 4.
–3 Miscellaneous causes – neither exposure nor traffic accident. (AP, 1-31-1951.)
–1 Spencer area, Feb 4. Car skids on ice into ditch; Herman Charlson, 38.

Kansas ( 2)
–2 Atchison area. Residence fire.

Kentucky: (14)
–14 Anniston Star, AL. “Cold Weather Florida Bound; Ohio Suffers.” 2-4-1951, p. 1.
–14 Middlesboro Daily News, KY. “Kentucky Weather Death Toll…at 14 Today.” 2-2-1951, 7.
–2 Asphyxiation.
–1 Fall on ice.
–2 Fires.
–2 Heart attacks “while shoveling snow.”
–7 Traffic “accidents on icy roads.”
— 4 AP. “Bitter Cold Takes 60 Lives.” Sarasota Herald-Tribune, FL, 1-31-1951, p. 3.
–1 Exposure.
–3 Traffic accidents.
— 1 Middlesboro area. Apparent exposure. Frozen body of Ann Coker found frozen along roadside.

Louisiana: (9)
–9 Ada Evening News, OK. “Winter Storm Leaving South as New Cold…Plains.” 2-5-1951, 1.
–9 Blanchard tally based on locality and cause of death breakouts below.
–6 Ruston Daily Leader, LA. “North Louisiana Locked in Grip of Snow and Ice…” 2-1-1951, 1.
–1 Electrocution (Power lineman at Ville Platte.)
–1 Exertion (Charles P. Eddy, New Orleans, fleeing home fire.)
–1 Exposure (Henry Arnold, 62, found frozen to death in woods near Bogalusa.)
–3 Traffic accidents
–5 Hattiesburg American, MS. “Vicksburg is Coldest Spot in Mississippi.” 2-2-1951, p. 1.
–1 Carbon monoxide poisoning (burning charcoal in bucket in a stalled automobile).
–1 Exposure
–3 Traffic accidents
–3 AP. “Bitter Cold Takes 60 Lives.” Sarasota Herald-Tribune, FL, 1-31-1951, p. 3.
–3 Exposure.
Breakout of Louisiana winter storm related fatalities by locality or cause when noted:
–1 Bogalusa. Exposure; Henry Arnold, 62, found frozen do death in wooded area.
–1 Delhi. Traffic accident ; female “in a three-car smash-up on icy highway near Delhi, La.”
–1 New Orleans. Heart attack (exertion) fleeing burning home; Charles P. Eddy.
–1 Ville Platte. Electrocution; power company lineman.
–1 Locale not noted. Carbon monoxide poisoning; burning charcoal in bucket in stalled auto.
–2 Locales not noted. Exposure (three noted but we have locale for one.)
–2 Locales not noted. Traffic accidents (three are noted but we have locale for one.)

Massachusetts: ( 3)
–3 AP. “Bitter Cold Takes 60 Lives.” Sarasota Herald-Tribune, FL, 1-31-1951, p. 3.
–1 Boston, Jan 31. “Heart disease while struggling home through the snow.” Jacob Lasovich, 59.
–1 Boston, Jan 31. Heart attack while shoveling snow; Michael J. Gaddis, 69.
–1 Waltham, Jan 31. Collapsed “after hiking through the storm to a hospital for treatment of a heart condition.”

Michigan: (16)
–16 Marshall Evening Chronicle, MI. “Storm Lashes U.S.” 2-1-1951, 2.
–10 Anniston Star, AL. “Cold Weather Florida Bound; Ohio Suffers.” 2-4-1951, p. 1.
–10 Thomasville Times, GA. “South Hopes for Relief from 6-Day Frigid Wave.” 2-3-1951, 1.
— 1 Flint. Exposure; “…an elderly Flint man froze to death.”
— 1 Traffic accident. AP. “Bitter Cold Takes 60 Lives.” Sarasota Herald-Tribune, FL, 1-31-1951, p3.

Mississippi: (10)
–16 Ada Evening News, OK. “Winter Storm Leaving South as New Cold…” 2-5-1951, 1.
–1 Exposure, Feb 2. Henry Carter, 103; outdoor temperature around 0 degrees.
–10 Hattiesburg American, MS. “Vicksburg is Coldest Spot in Mississippi.” 2-2-1951, p. 1.
–1 Exposure
–2 Fires
–7 Traffic accidents “on slippery highways.”
— 7 Blanchard tally of locality and cause of death individual-specific deaths noted below.
— 4 AP. “Bitter Cold Takes 60 Lives.” Sarasota Herald-Tribune, FL, 1-31-1951, p. 3.
–1 Exposure.
–3 Traffic accidents.
Breakout of Mississippi winter weather fatalities by locality or cause-of-death when noted:
— 1 Pontotoc, ~Feb 2. Apparent heart attack/exposure; frozen body found on back porch.
— 1 Vicksburg, ~Feb 2. Exposure. AP. “Freezes to Death.” Daily Herald, Biloxi, MS. 2-3-1951, 9.
— 2 Vicksburg area. Bus skidded on ice-covered highway and then down an embankment.
— 2 Locales not noted. Fires.
— 1 Locales not noted. Traffic/road fatalities (3 are noted but we note Vicksburg with 2 deaths).

Missouri: ( 3)
–3 AP. “Bitter Cold Takes 60 Lives.” Sarasota Herald-Tribune, FL, 1-31-1951, p. 3.
–3 Traffic Accidents.
–2 Thomasville Times-Enterprise, GA. “Hard Cold Brings Out Tall Tales.” 1-30-1951, 1.

Montana: ( 1)
–1 Exposure. AP. “Bitter Cold Takes 60 Lives.” Sarasota Herald-Tribune, FL, 1-31-1951, p. 3.
–1 Glendive area, Jan 29. Exposure; Harry B. Kay, 62, found dead in bed, unheated house.

Nevada ( 1)
–1 Wells. Apparent exposure; body of Regino Taberez, 40, “was found frozen to death.”

New Mexico: ( 1)
–1 Traffic accident. AP. “Bitter Cold Takes 60 Lives.” Sarasota Herald-Tribune, FL, 1-31-1951, p. 3.

North Carolina (1)
–1 Greensboro, Jan 3. Milk truck skids on ice-covered street, turns over; Charles Matthew Bell, 25.

Ohio: (30)
–30 AP. “Homefront Toll Exceeds Losses In Korean War.” Wilmington News Journal, OH. 2-5-1951, 1.
–30 Mansfield News-Journal, OH. “7 Hurt in City Area; 10 Die in Ohio.” 2-5-1951, p. 1.
–19 AP. “Frigid Wave Grips State; 19 Are Dead.” The Newark Advocate, OH. 2-2-1951, p. 1.
–10 Blanchard tally from locality breakouts below.
— 6 Traffic accidents. AP. “Snow Storm Lashes Ohio.” Terre Haute Tribune, IN. 2-1-1951, p.2.
— 4 Traffic accidents. AP. “Cold Wave in Midwest…” Mt. Vernon Register-News, 1-29-1951, p. 1.
Breakout of Ohio winter weather related deaths by locality when noted by sources:
–1 Akron. Collapsed/died while shoveling snow; John Zakich, 66.
–1 Cleveland. Collapsed over the rear fender of his car; Charles A French, 50.
–1 Cleveland. Collapsed/died while shoveling snow; Miss Clara Gazell, 72.
–1 Convoy area. Water pump freezes; slipped and fell in cistern while checking water; C.C.V. Sheets, 87.
–2 Crooked Tree. CO poisoning; brothers Wilmer, 48 and Cecil Minks, 44, in car.
–1 Ironton. Carbon monoxide poisoning, parked car at employer’s used car agency; James Votino, 24.
–1 Lyndhurst. Heart attack while shoveling snow; Michael A. Gregor, 59.
–1 Middleburgh Heights. Exposure; James H. Marshall, 41, found frozen in his car.
–1 Toledo area. Exposure; found dead near farm home after visit with friends; John F. Yahlin, 73.

Oklahoma: ( 5)
–1 Eufaula area, north. Car sided on icy road and overturns in a ditch; David J. Waters, 57.
–1 Kaw City area, Feb 4. Drowning; fell through thin Arkansas River ice; Bobby Emory, 11.
–2 Oklahoma City. Carbon monoxide poisoning; gas heater in service station; Bolding cousins.
–1 Oklahoma City. Exposure.

Pennsylvania (9)
–9 Blanchard tally based on locality/cause of death breakouts below.
–6 Western PA. Traffic/road accidents. “worst ice storm in years…left six dead in Western [PA].”
–3 Pittsburgh area.
–3 Pittsburgh, Feb 7-8. Carbon monoxide poisoning; gas heater in tourist cabin.
–4 Traffic fatalities. AP. “Cold Wave in Midwest; 2 Above in Mt. Vernon.” Mt. Vernon Register-News, 1-29-1951, p. 1.

Rhode Island ( 1)
–1 West Greenwich. Truck skids on icy road into auto killing Raymond P. Petre, 28.
–1 Traffic accident. AP. “Bitter Cold Takes 60 Lives.” Sarasota Herald-Tribune, FL, 1-31-1951, p. 3.

South Dakota ( 1)
–1 Ree Heights. Exposure; found frozen, floor of 3-room shack; fell, hit head, died of exposure.

Tennessee: ( 6)
— 6 We use 6 reported on Feb 9, rather than 11 reported on Feb 6, given that we locate 3 deaths.
–11 Kingsport Times, TN. “Rain Follows Cold Wave in Tennessee.” 2-6-1951, p. 1.
— 7 Anniston Star, AL. “Cold Weather Florida Bound; Ohio Suffers.” 2-4-1951, p. 1.
— 6 Associated Press. “Chattanooga Man Frozen to Death.” Kingsport Times, TN. 2-9-1951, p.3.
— 3 Blanchard tally from locality breakouts below.
— 1 Chattanooga. Exposure; body of Charlie Street, 80, found frozen in home shack.
— 1 Memphis. Exposure. “Mrs. Iva Le Perry, mother of five, was frozen to death.”
— 1 Memphis. Snow and ice-packed canopy collapse; W. A. Caradine, 64, buried.

Texas: (24)
–24 Kerrville Times, TX. “Great Thaw Begins Today After Record Cold Wave.” 2-2-1951, p.1.
–24 Valley Morning Star, Harlingen, TX. “Frozen Texans See…Storm Breaking.” 2-2-1951, 1.
–20 Snyder Daily News, TX. “Worse Cold Predicted Bringing Damage To Homes and Livestock.” 2-1-1951, 1.
–18 Morning Avalanche, Lubbock, TX. “Cold Tightens Grip.” 2-1-1951, p. 8.
–5 Exposure. Valley Morning Star, Harlingen. “Frozen Texans…Storm Breaking.” 2-2-1951, 1.
–16 Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.
–10 AP. “Bitter Cold Takes 60 Lives.” Sarasota Herald-Tribune, FL, 1-31-1951, p. 3.
–2 Exposure
–4 Traffic accidents.
–4 Miscellaneous – neither exposure nor traffic/road related.
— 6 Associated Press. “Cold Retains Grip On Texas.” Corsicana Daily Sun, TX. 1-30-1951, p1.
Breakout of Texas winter weather related fatalities by locality, when noted.
— 1 Aransas Pass area. Pickup overturned on slippery road; Refugia Maldonado, 36.
— 1 Austin area. Apparent exposure; man found dead in ditch thinly clad; Morris Cross, 30.
— 1 Bellville area. Milton Blasingame; frozen pipe breaks free hitting him in head; was attempting to thaw.
— 1 Burleson. Asphyxiation in bedroom from gas stove left going all night; Weldon Noe, 17.
— 1 Dallas. Exposure; Theodore Buddy Stewart, 48 found dead in the snow at home.
— 1 Hidalgo. Apparent exposure; body of unidentified man found behind service station.
— 2 Houston. Burns “indirectly attributed to the weather.” Two women.
— 1 Port Arthur. Apparent exposure; body of unidentified man found frozen to death in a yard.
— 1 Teague area. Car overturned on icy highway; Rubin Kaplan, 62.
— 1 Texarkana. Apparent exposure; transient found frozen in RR shack; Harry W. Phillips, 59
— 1 Texarkana. Heart attack shoveling snow at home; M. W. Belt, 43.
— 2 Tyler. Exposure. Walter Jeffreys, 75, and Ella Jones, 83.
— 1 Vernon. Fire; clothing caught fire; Mrs. Dovie Lena Cocks, 76, standing too close to heater.
— 1 Waco area, Jan 28. “Traffic fatality…blamed on ice-covered windshields.” Tom. G. Brittain, 59.

Utah: ( 1)
–1 Traffic accident. AP. “Bitter Cold Takes 60 Lives.” Sarasota Herald-Tribune, FL, 1-31-1951, p. 3.

Virginia: ( 1)
–1 Traffic accident. AP. “Bitter Cold Takes 60 Lives.” Sarasota Herald-Tribune, FL, 1-31-1951, p. 3.

West Virginia:( 2)
–1 Traffic accident. AP. “Bitter Cold Takes 60 Lives.” Sarasota Herald-Tribune, FL, 1-31-1951, p. 3.
–1 Bob White. Exposure; fell into creek near home, got back onto bank, froze; James K. Maynor, 70.
–1 Wheeling area. Auto skidded into dump truck spreading cinders on Moundsville-Wheeling Road.

Wisconsin ( 1)
–1 Cuba City. Exposure. Mary McKeever, 75, “found frozen to death” in unheated cottage.

Wyoming ( 1)
–1 Green River. Fumes [carbon monoxide] from a floor furnace; H. W. Edwards, 53.

Narrative Information

Miller and Gould. “The Extensive Cold Air Outbreak of January 24-31, 1951.” MWR Jan 51:

Introduction

“During the last week of January [Monday, Jan 29-Wednesday, Jan 31] a cold air outbreak occurred in the United States which, although setting few records for severity, was unusual for several reasons. (1) The intensity of the anticyclone over northwest Canada associated with the outbreak reached a central value of approximately 1065 mb. which is close to the record for the Western Hemisphere.’ (2) With the exception of the extreme southeastern portion, the entire country was covered by very cold air and, by February 2, even this remaining section was overrun. (3) The southward progress of the cold front was appreciable only at the lowest levels above the surface, principally impelled by subsidence. This resulted in a very shallow, very cold air mass covering much of the country during several days. Overrunning by warm, moist air, above this shallow cold air, gave rise to widespread precipitation and, especially, to hazardous sleet and freezing rain east of the Rockies.” [p. 20.]

“….Sleet and freezing rain were not only severe in many places but covered large areas, resulting in widespread damage. For example, the Telephone Company reported that disruption to its service, particularly in the southern States, was the most extensive in its history, with $8,ooo,000 damage to its system in the States of Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee….

“The temperature gradient across the cold front can be seen in figure 17 [which we do not copy], but its significance may be more readily visualized by the changes in temperature that occurred at certain stations after the front passed over them. For example, from a high of 79⁰ F, the temperature at Goodland, Kans., dropped 49⁰ F. within 6 hours after the front had passed and continued to fall to 3⁰ F., recorded approximately 18 hours after the frontal passage….

“It was not until February 2, after the formation and rapid movement northeastward of a deep cyclone along the east coast had deepened the cold air and eliminated the extensive overrunning of warm air, that the weather began to clear.” [p. 26.] (Miller, Albert, and Donnell H. Gould. “The Extensive Cold Air Outbreak of Jan 24-31, 1951,” Monthly Weather Review, Jan 1951, pp. 20-26.)
[Seven page coverage mentions does not get into human casualties and fatalities.]

National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office, Louisville, KY: “An extremely strong high-pressure system started making its way into the region [central KY & So. IN], pulling harsh, cold, polar air in with it. In the meantime, a strong low pressure system was moving through areas farther south along a cold front, stretching from the Gulf of Mexico and up into the Northeast. The cold front caused temperatures to drop, so that on the evening of January 30th, temperatures for Nashville, Tennessee, were only at 18 degrees Fahrenheit (-8 degrees Celsius). However, temperatures just above the surface at 5,000 feet were actually above freezing, registering at 48 degrees Fahrenheit (9 degrees Celsius). This was the perfect set up for the development and occurrence of freezing rain and sleet.

“In Bowling Green, almost 3 inches of snow and sleet had covered the city by morning of the 31st, causing roads to become almost impassible. By noon, the snow had turned to rain due to the above freezing warmer air aloft, however on the surface temperatures had only risen to 28 degrees Fahrenheit. This caused the rain to freeze upon impact, worsening the traffic situation. Bulldozers were called out to help the effort and scrape the ice, with little effect.

“Then a turn for the worse occurred yet again. By the next morning, on February 1, temperatures started dropping dramatically. Before the day was over a low of -1 degrees Fahrenheit had been recorded, and another 7 inches of snow had fallen. Travel by this point was virtually impossible, causing major delays for airlines, busses, and trains throughout the state. Damage was reported throughout the region as tree limbs cracked and fell onto power lines due to the dense ice packed onto them.

“The cold only continued. At 4:45 a.m. February 2, Bowling Green recorded a temperature of -20 degrees Fahrenheit, the coldest official temperature ever recorded up to that time. The precipitation continued as well, leaving behind 9 inches of snow and sleet on the ground in Southern Kentucky. Crews were working around the clock to restore both power and phone lines. Water pipes burst under the extreme cold, transportation remained halted, temperatures remained unbearable, and ten days later the area had yet to recover from the ice and the snow.

“The Great Ice Storm of 1951, as it came to be known, covered the south in a linear path of ice from Louisiana to Ohio. Heaviest accumulations fell in a line from Memphis to Nashville, Tennessee and northeastward into Lexington, KY. It was the costliest winter on record for the time, causing an estimated $100 million in damage. The impact on forest, livestock, crops and fruit trees was responsible for $64 million of that total. It is estimated that 25 people lost their lives across the areas affected by the storm, and another 500 were injured.” (National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office, Louisville, KY. “No.15. 1951 Ice Storm and Cold Blast, January 29 – February 3, 1951.” Top 25 Weather Events of All-Time in Central Kentucky and Southern Indiana. 3-4-2010 update.)

National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office, Nashville, TN: “Nashville Ice Storm of 1951.”

“I. Introduction

“The worst ice storm in the history of Nashville, Tennessee, known as the “Great Blizzard,” began on Monday, 29 January 1951 and ended on 1 February, causing a complete shutdown of transportation in Nashville for two days. By noon on 1 February, Nashville lay buried under 8 inches of ice and snow. Significant effects from the storm were felt for several days following the end of the precipitation.

“The entire area suffered from power failures. Over 16,000 homes and 80,000 residents were without electricity, and over 2,000 telephones were out. Damage to transportation and communication systems alone easily exceeded $2 million (1951 dollars) (Alligood 2001). Miles of power and telephone lines had to be re-strung. Roofs collapsed because of the weight of snow and ice. Two people died in weather-related car crashes, and dozens of others were injured. Hundreds of automobiles were abandoned across the city, and thousands of trees had to be cleared from roads. No businesses opened for 3 days. Eastern Air Lines canceled flights for three days (Crowe and Foster ). Trains of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad were as much as two days behind schedule.

“In addition, gas and oil furnaces expended their fuel, forcing Nashvillians to seek alternative means of heat. And to exacerbate the problem, there were threats of floods as rain swollen creeks spilled over their banks due to the excessive precipitation (Historic Nashville ).

“When the thaw finally began on 5 February, thousands of residents who had been stuck inside their homes took to the streets at the same time, creating what is still considered the worst traffic jam in Nashville’s history (Alligood 2001). Traffic jams up to five miles long clogged the main arteries leading downtown. The ice and snow did not completely melt until 12 February….”

Newspapers:

Jan 29, AP: “By Associated Press. Much of the nation endured the coldest weather of the season today. (In Mt. Vernon the low reading last night was 2 above zero. Coldest weather here was 1 below on Nov. 24…). It was 52 below at West Yellowstone, Mont. Official temperatures tumbled to 30 below and lower over Wyoming, the Dakotas and parts of Minnesota and Wisconsin. Forecasters said it would continue cold. The 46 below at Butte, Mont., made today the coldest January 29 there or record. Other minimums were International Falls, Minn., 41 below; Mercer, Wis., 40 below; Williston, N.D., 33 below; Minneapolis, 28 below, and Chicago, nine below.

“The icy blasts were felt by most of the country. Only the south-eastern states, the far southwest and the southern tip of Texas escaped. Amarillo, Tex., had an overnight low of one below….

“Freezing rain and sleet plagued areas from the lower Mississippi Valley into southern New England. New York City traffic slowed on slippery streets. A daytime thaw, the Weather Bureau said, will be followed my more ice-coating tonight in the metropolitan area.

“The icy highways and streets resulted in injuries to scores of persons yesterday. In Pittsburgh, hospitals reported more than 300 injuries suffered in falls on icy streets. More than 100 were treated in hospitals in Indianapolis.

“Several traffic fatalities were blamed on the icy highways, including five in Indiana, four each in Pennsylvania and Ohio and one in Illinois.

“Snow fell today over parts of Colorado, Utah, Wyoming and Nebraska. There were flurries over the Great Lakes region….” (Associated Press. “Cold Wave in Midwest; 2 Above in Mt. Vernon.” Mt. Vernon Register-News, 1-29-1951, p. 1.)

Jan 30, AP: “By the Associated Press. Waning January dealt out numbing cold today that produced stories usually heard only in “liars’ club” contests. And there wasn’t much relief in sight. The U.S. Weather Bureau in Milwaukee said Lone Rock, Wis., in the south central part of the state had a temperature “estimated” at 53 degrees below zero. The official thermometer there goes only to 45 below. At Cadillac, on the southern peninsula of Michigan, a reading of 40 below was taken. Weather Observer John Budewitz said it probably was colder than that but the thermometer has no lower readings.

“It was warmer near the Arctic Circle in Canada than in many parts of the mid-continent gripped
by a bitter cold wave. And it was cold and icy and wet over widespread areas of the east. Colder weather was on the way, said U. S. forecasters, for much of the east and parts of the south.

“Snow fell in Houston, Tex., and the mercury dropped to 25 above. Temperatures were below freezing all the way to the Rio Grande Valley. The cold threatened citrus and vegetables in the rich agricultural region.

“There was a mounting death toll attributed to the cold and icy weather. Hundreds suffered injuries in falls on icy streets.

“Schools closed in many areas — in the east and Texas by ice storms, in the Midwest and west by cold weather. Travel on highways was slowed. Many air flights were cancelled. Communications
were disrupted in some areas because of ice-coated power lines.

“The cold air missed only parts of the country — the extreme Southeast and the Far West – forecasters said. The rest of the nation, they said, was feeling the sting of the cold Canadian air. The Midwest, like yesterday, got the most severe cold, with readings far below zero. They also reached sub-zero levels in the Northern and Central Rockies. The below-zero line extended as far south as the Southern portions of Illinois, Indiana, Missouri and Kansas. There was considerable freezing rain and sleet in a narrow band from northern Virginia southwestward through Tennessee and southern Kentucky into Southeastern Texas. There was an extensive snow belt and rain from Eastern Texas northeastward to the northeastern states. Snow fell over much of the Central and Southern Rockies westward into the southern parts of Utah and Nevada. Temperatures in the East generally were below freezing – and more cold air was predicted to move in during the day and tonight. But in most of the Midwest readings never climbed as far as zero, falling after sundown.

“Colorado used an all-time high daily amount of natural gas yesterday. Two hundred Denver industrial plants were ordered on a standby heating to conserve gas for homes.

“The sub-zero weather caused a week’s postponement of field training for 1,000 Fifth Army soldiers at Ft. Leonard Wood, Mo.

“Deaths attributed to the cold were reported in many areas. Icy highways caused at least six deaths in traffic accidents in central Indiana and two In Missouri. One woman was killed and six others hurt in a three-car smashup on an icy highway near Delhi, La.” (Thomasville Times-Enterprise, GA. “Hard Cold Brings Out Tall Tales.” 1-30-1951, 1.)

Jan 30: “Associated Press. Winter’s worst cold wave chilled new sections Tuesday [Jan 30]. The weather bureau held out little hope for relief.

“Traffic accidents on icy roads and exposure to the cold caused more than a score of deaths. Slippery pavements caused at least 18 deaths across the nation. Three persons died of exposure. Several others were killed in falls on the ice and in coasting accidents.

“Frigid blasts were felt in the southeastern states. The cold moved clear over to the West coast.

“Highways were glazed over wide areas. Rain, sleet and snow were reported from East Texas northeast to the Appalachians and Great Lakes region. The severe cold spread to the Far West. Subzero weather invaded Eastern Oregon. But the lowest readings were in the midwest. For the second straight day temperatures dropped far below zero in the Midwest. One reading early Tuesday was 45 degrees below. And it was cold and icy and wet over widespread areas of the East. Colder weather was on the way, said U.S. forecasters, for much of the East and parts of the South.

“Snow fell in Houston, Tex., and mercury dropped to 25 above. Temperatures were below freezing all the way to the Rio Grande valley. The cold threatened citrus and vegetables in the rich agricultural region.

“There was a mounting death toll attributed to the cold and icy weather. Hundreds suffered injuries in falls on icy streets. Schools closed in many areas – in the East and Texas by ice storms, in the Midwest and West by cold weather. Travel on highways was slowed. Many air flights were cancelled. Communications were disrupted in some areas because of ice-coated power lines.” (Walla Walla Union-Bulletin, WA. “More than 20 Deaths Blamed on Winter’s Worst Cold Wave.” 1-30-1951, p. 1. )

Jan 31: “United Press. One of the worst cold waves in years took a soaring toll of lives and property Wednesday [Jan 31] and forecasters warned that a new Arctic blast was sweeping down
on the suffering nation. Sub-zero weather gripped the country from Utah to Maine. An ice storm and killing freeze blanketed the Gulf Coast and the semi-tropical Rio Grande valley. Snow fell from the Rockies to Ohio, and the cold spread across Southern California. Only Florida escaped the wintry storm.

“A United Press survey showed 175 deaths attributed directly or indirectly in the weather since
the frigid air mass bowled across the Canadian border last Saturday [Jan 27].

Roads Claim 86 Lives

“Traffic accidents blamed on slippery highways claimed the greatest toll — 86 lives. Fifty-six persons died in fires, 11 in plane crashes, 13 of exposure or heart attacks and nine of miscellaneous causes. Twenty of the victims perished when fire swept through a convalescent home at Hoquiam, Wash….

“The mercury dived to 30 below zero today at Butte, Mont., 28 below at Caribou, Me., 23 below at International Falls, Minn., and 21 below at Bemidji, Minn. It was 17 below at Milford, Utah, and Fargo, N.D. and 11 below at Burlington, Vt. Brownsville, southernmost city in Texas, had a frosty 28-degree reading.

“Forecaster John Porter said at Chicago that a ‘new push’ of cold air was rolling down across the Canadian plains and probably would hit the U.S. Border east of the Rockies by Wednesday night. ‘But it’s so cold already that the new front will feel more like just a reinforcement than a new cold wave,’ he said….” (Delta Democrat-Times, Greenville, MS. “Another Icy Blast Coming From Canada.” 1-31-1951, p. 1.)

Feb 1: “Associated Press. Winter at its worst struck hard at the nation today. It hurled all its punches — snow, sleet, freezing-rain and harsh cold. Hundreds of schools were closed in the storm areas. Scores of highways were blocked or too treacherous for safe travel. Transportation was slowed at many points. Communication and power lines were crippled or knocked out.

“Texas citrus growers calculated their losses in the millions.

“A roaring blizzard hit Ohio. Mayor James Rhodes declared a state of emergency in Columbus. Five inches of snow were on the ground there this morning and it still was falling. Cleveland had nine inches of snow, Marion eight, Cincinnati seven. The snow struck Ohio after a sleet storm that felled utility poles and cut off electricity to many towns.

“The storm also dumped a heavy load on Indiana. Indianapolis had a five inch fall and the white
burden reached a depth of 10 inches at Scottsburg. Traffic was snarled in the state. Many schools
suspended classes.

“Tennessee staggered under an arctic attack. Three inches of snow topped a four inch downpour of sleet. Temperatures ranged from eight to 12 above zero in the western and middle sections of the state. Travel by vehicle was paralyzed in Nashville. There were no city buses or taxis in operation. A few hardy workers walked to their jobs.

“Millions of Americans shuddered under the impact of numbing cold. A wave of sub-zero cold engulfed 13 states in the midwest and west — forming a vast ice bowl that extended from Montana and New Mexico to Lake Michigan.

“The toll of dead in this week’s spreading siege of wintry weather passed the 80 mark.

“New England’s severest storm of the season brought four to 12 inches of snow — then a chilling rain that froze in a number of districts. Many communities closed their schools.

“Two to six inches of snow fell in New Jersey.

“A shimmering sheath of ice lay over a great stretch of south Texas. Communities were isolated.
Rio Grande valley citrus planters predicted losses of millions of dollars and that the freeze may put the valley out of the citrus business temporarily. The frigid siege killed all vegetables in the ground except maturing cabbage.” (Emporia Gazette, KS. “Numbing Cold Strikes Nation Crippling Blow. Snow and Ice Take Toll of Lives, Crops and Communications; Disaster in Texas.” 2-1-1951, pp. 1-2.)

Feb 1: “By United Press. A great winter storm battered the nation relentlessly today, but its full fury missed Michigan….

“Since Saturday [Jan 27], 16 deaths were blamed on the storm. Eight were killed in traffic accidents, three in plane crashes, two in fires, one by exposure and two by drowning.

“The wintry onslaught had claimed at least 215 lives in the nation since Saturday. More than half died in accidents on ice-glazed highways. Sixty-one perished in fires.

“United States weather forecasters at Chicago said they were ‘amazed at the severity and extent’ of the storm.” (Marshall Evening Chronicle, MI. “Storm Lashes U.S.; Full Fury Misses Most of Michigan.” 2-1-1951, 2.)

Feb 1: “The Associated Press reported Wednesday that many schools over the state [TX] were closed as crop and livestock losses mounted. Ice in southeast and southwest Texas knocked out 750 Southwestern Bell telephone circuits, mostly around Houston, the AP said. All Harris county schools were to close today. Valley schools shutdown. Inter-city bus lines cancelled some schedules, strove to maintain others. Roads glazed all over the state brought another warning against anything but emergency travel from the State Highway Patrol.

“The storm’s death toll rose to 18. The great cold seemed to wax stronger as it neared its fourth
day in the state, the dispatch stated.

“The Valley, its vegetable crop knocked out; its citrus frozen into rocks, was virtually isolated from wire, bus or plane communication. It went through another miserable night of below-freezing temperatures and worry over crop losses, the AP said. Some Valley growers predicted those losses would be in the millions of dollars; that the freeze may put the valley out of the citrus business temporarily, the dispatch said.

“A great area from Houston to San Antonio to Corpus Christi to the Valley and up the coast to Beaumont struggled with wire communications breaks; had none or very sketchy plane or bus schedules. Trains were running, but sometimes hours late, the AP said.

“South Texas ham radio operators pitched in to fill the breach in broken communications. A 135-
station emergency network aided railroads, oil and gas companies, the telephone, light and power
companies in handling vital messages, the AP said. Operators in several towns without electricity had to use auxiliary gasoline motors or their auto batteries. At Dallas long distance operators reported calls to the South Texas area were being accepted to Houston, Corpus Christi and San Antonio only. Western Union was handling only “life and death” messages at Corpus Christi. They were sent by radio….

“Snow plows and scrapers went to work in 18 Panhandle counties as that area got its first real dose of moisture since the storm began. Amarillo had an estimated six inches of snow. Panhandle highways were dangerous, but open….

“Southwestern Bell said more than 1,500 poles were down in the Houston area…Some 360 linemen worked o make repairs, 300 of them in the Houston area….

“Galveston was isolated from the mainland for two hours Wednesday. Ice on the causeway to the shore stopped traffic to the Island city until enough sand was spread to make movement safe.

“Sleet covered Fannin county (Bonham), about four inches deep. Before dark Wednesday freezing drizzles fell at Beaumont, Alice, Houston, Galveston, and earlier at Corpus Christi and Brownsville. There was snow at Waco, Dallas, Fort Worth, San Antonio, El Paso, Salt Flat, Wink, Midland, Big Spring, Austin, Cotulla (with sleet), Amarillo, Lubbock, Texarkana, Tyler, and Dalhart. Longview had sleet….” (Morning Avalanche, Lubbock, TX. “Cold Tightens Grip.” 2-1-1951, p. 8.)

Feb 1: “The United Press. North Louisiana is locked in snow and ice today after an all-night battering by rain and sleet, but roads are still passable, according to state police. Federal highways 80, 70, 71 and 171 and state highways 8, 10 and 20 north of Alexandria are closed to truck traffic. Light traffic is warned to be cautious. Other roads are slick from an all-night wetting by rain and sleet.

“The mercury dropped to 25 at 10 a.m. in New Orleans today and snow fell in New Orleans for the first time in years. They were only tiny flakes but genuine. Residents of the Gentilly area first reported the snow flurries around 9 a.m. Then other sections of the city were heard from. The snow melted as it hit the ground.

“The state’s death toll from the cold wave that moved in on the state Monday stands at six. Three were killed in traffic, one electrocuted, one died of exposure, and another of exertion.

“The heart attack that killed Charles P. Eddy in New Orleans was brought on by exertion as he fled his home when it caught fire Tuesday night, it was believed.

“A 62 year old man — Henry Arnold — was found frozen to death in a woods near Bogalusa Wednesday. He had been missing since Monday night.

“A power linesman was electrocuted at Ville Platte.

“Some communities in north and west Louisiana are without communication facilities. Some power lines are reported down and 25 per cent of the long distance telephones are knocked out….

“East Baton Rouge parish public and parochial schools closed today because of the weather. School officials in west Baton Rouge and Iberville parishes followed suit….” (Ruston Daily Leader, LA. “North Louisiana Locked in Grip of Snow and Ice; Entire Nation is Hit.” 2-1-1951, p.1.)

Feb 2: “By The Associated Press. Arkansas Friday counted five dead in the cold wave which with accompanying snow and ice has gripped the state since last Sunday night. Four deaths occurred Thursday, two of them at Texarkana. One of the victims Thursday was 13 year-old Thomas Dean Howell, who drowned when he fell through ice about 50 yards from his West Memphis home. A companion said Thomas cracked the ice when he stamped on it to test its strength. The body was recovered from the freezing water three hours after the accident.

“An automobile skidded on icy pavement near Swifton and crashed into another car, killing Mrs. Sam Crossland of Swifton, a passenger in the car…

“M. W. Belt, 43, a machinist, died at Texarkana of a heart attack suffered while he was clearing away snow at his home.

“Harry Ward Phillips, 59, of Nashville, Tenn., a transient, was found dead of exposure in a railroad shanty at Texarkana.

“The only previous Arkansas cold wave death also was caused by exposure. The victim was Charles Howard Slappey of near Welcome Community, Columbia County, who was found dead in a ditch near his home Monday.” (Blytheville Courier News, Ark. “Arkansas Counts 5 Dead in Cold Blast…” 2-2-1951, p. 1.)

Feb 2: “(AP) – Another night of subfreezing temperatures was predicted for Louisiana and Mississippi by the New Orleans weather bureau today. The mercury plunged to 17 degrees in New Orleans today – the lowest reading in history for Feb. 2 — and the coldest for any date in the last 11 years. But far lower readings were recorded elsewhere in the two states. In Louisiana it was two degrees below at Monroe, two at Shreveport, seven at Alexandria, 13 at Lake Charles, 14 at Baton Rouge and 15 at Lafayette.

“In Mississippi Vicksburg recorded two degrees below zero. Greenwood had zero, Jackson had one degree above, Hattiesburg ten above – the coldest in 11 years, and Biloxi had 15. It was eight below at Memphis, Tenn.

“Fair and continued cold weather was expected this afternoon. Northern Mississippi was expected to have ten to 15 degrees, 15 to 20 at Meridian and about 20 at Jackson. New Orleans was expected to have about 32 during the day with between 25 and 30 at Shreveport and the same for southwestern Louisiana cities.

“During tonight, the temperature was expected to drop again, with between four to 12 degrees in Northern Louisiana and Mississippi and 10 to 20 in the south portion.

“Meanwhile, a state [of?] emergency has been declared in Lake Charles by Mayor Pro Tem Lucius Moss because of declining gas pressure. Many retail stores will be closed along with office buildings and public offices until the cold wave passes. Mississippi counted ten dead from the cold storm. Seven died from accidents on slippery highways, two from fire, and one from exposure.

“Louisiana’s death toll stood at five. Three died in highway accidents, one of exposure, and one from carbon monoxide poisoning while burning charcoal in a bucket in a stalled automobile.” (Hattiesburg American, MS. “Vicksburg is Coldest Spot in Mississippi.” 2-2-1951, p. 1.)

Feb 2: “Louisville, Ky., Feb 2 (UP) – The Kentucky death toll in the cold wave of the past week stood at 14 today. Two men died of heart attacks while shoveling snow, seven died in traffic accidents on icy roads, two were fire fatalities, two dies of asphyxiation and one man died in a fall on ice. The president of the Louisville Heart Association, William F. Franket, urged snow-shovelers to ‘take it easy.’…” (Middlesboro Daily News, KY. “Kentucky Weather Death Toll Stands at 14 Today.” 2-2-1951, p. 7.)

Feb 2: “By The Associated Press. Mid-winters longest and most severe weather dealt more damaging blows across wide areas of the country today. But there appeared some hope that the worst of the nearly weeklong spell of ice, snow and sleet and biting cold was nearing an end. The southern states, staggering from this week’s icy blasts which left some areas isolated and threatened farm crops, got more cold weather today. The frigid air also renewed its attack on the cold-plagued midwest but there was a promise of some warming.

“Temperatures dropped to 35 below zero in Lone Rock, Wis., today. The below zero line extended all the way to Fayetteville, Ark., where it was -14 early today. Nashville, struck hard by ice storms and cold, reported a -4 while temperatures were near zero in northern Louisiana. It was -6 in St. Louis, the lowest mark in several years. The cold struck northern and central Florida, with some below freezing readings. In San Antonio, Tex., the low was 11 above.

“As the south looked for a break with rising temperatures, floods threatened areas in Tennessee and Kentucky. Some 3,000 were made homeless in southern Kentucky, where the Cumberland and Kentucky rivers overflowed. Two National Guard units were called to aid evacuations at Barbourville, which with Pineville, were the hardest hit.

“Schools over many parts of the south and Middle Atlantic states remained closed. Scores of highways and roads were blocked. Communication and power lines were knocked out.

“The stormy and cold weather this week across the nation was blamed for 150 deaths, including 37 in the southland and 24 in Texas.

“Citrus growers in Florida brought out smudge pots in attempts to keep frost from the S100,000,000 crop as the cold air moved into the state. The cold caused millions of dollars in damage to citrus crops in Texas this week.

“The comparatively mild weather along the Atlantic seaboard yesterday was due for a change by nightfall, forecasters said. Boston reported 58 above last night, a record for the date, but seasonal cold weather was forecast today. The mild weather came less than 48 hours after the season’s most severe cold in New England with temperatures as low as -32 in Caribou. Me.” (The News, Frederick, MD. “Wide Areas Still Held in Winter Grip.” 2-2-1951, p. 1.)

Feb 2: “By United Press. Millions of Americans suffered in bitter cold, snow and floods today as the most widespread and severe winter storm in many years extended its icy grip to the entire nation. The toll in lives and property mounted to staggering proportions and threatened to climb still higher as the big freeze deepened in Dixie.

“At least 238 persons died in traffic accidents, fires, plane crashes, sleighing mishaps or of exposure and weather-induced over-exertion since the arctic blast swept into the U.S. last week-end.

“In Michigan, temperatures hovered below zero last night but the U.S. weather bureau in Detroit says the mercury will rise to I8 to 20 degrees above in the lower peninsula tomorrow. A light one-inch snowfall covered parts of southern Michigan last night.” (Traverse City Record-Eagle, MI. “Frostbitten Old Groundhog Sees Shadow.” 2-2-1951, 1.)

Feb 2: “By The Associated Press. Glacial cold froze Texans stiff again Thursday night, the count of deaths in the week-long norther rose to 24. Definite signs was that the storm was breaking. A slight moderation appeared in forecasts for northwestern Texas Friday afternoon. For Saturday the prediction was a flat “warmer.” Skies had cleared. Snow, sleet, and freezing rain that maimed the state had stopped Thursday [Feb 1].

“Over most of the state sunshine sparkled during the day on a sheath of white. Streets and sidewalks picked up the heat and ice began to melt though few temperatures rose above the twenties. Sluggish business began to stir. But readings forecast for Thursday night were generally the most bitter of the storm: eight to 15 below in West Texas; zero to 10 below in East Texas; 18 and lower in the Rio Grande Valley counting crop losses in millions of dollars. Early Thursday temperatures had fallen to record lows, including 19 below zero at Dalhart in the Panhandle.

“More reports lifted the storm death toll to 24. These came Thursday: two aged Negroes — a man and a woman — found dead from exposure at Tyler; an unidentified body found behind a service station at Hidalgo in the Lower Valley; a Dallas man dead in the snow in front of his home; a transient frozen in a Texarkana railroad shack, and a Texarkana machinist, M. W. Belt, 43, who suffered a fatal heart attack as he shoveled snow at his home.

“A vast area south of Houston and San Antonio was still locked in ice which knocked out telephone and Western Union communication. Ham operators relayed emergency messages. Both Continental and Greyhound bus companies started running again in and out of the area, and air schedules neared normal….

“Other weather deaths Thursday were those of Theodore Buddy Stewart, 48, found dead in the snow in front of his one-room Dallas home, and Harry Ward Phillips, 59, Nashville, Tenn., a transient found frozen to death in a Texarkana railroad shack.

“In many places records were broken by Thursday morning’s temperatures. Dalhart’s 19 below zero was the lowest since records began in 1906. Amarillo’s 14 below was the coldest in 46 years. Fort Worth’s 6 above was the coldest Feb. 1 on record….” (Valley Morning Star, Harlingen, TX. “Frozen Texans See Signs that Storm Breaking. Count of Deaths in Week of Norther Now Reported at 24.” 2-2-1951, p. 1.)

Feb 3: “By The Associated Press. Winter held the usually sunny south in a frigid embrace today after staggering the area with her hardest blows in more than a decade. Even Florida had ice and snow. Most of the rest of the nation suffered the same punishment too — but Dixie, prepared for only mild winters, appeared the worst hurt.

“A six-day coat of ice and snow has taken 32 lives in the South, broken power lines serving thousands of families, closed schools, and isolated dozens of communities.

“For the entire nation, the number of winter deaths rose to 175. These include those dying from exposure, motor vehicle accidents and related causes…” (Corpus Christi Times, TX. “Ice and Snow Coat May Ruin Florida’s Citrus.” 2-3-1951, 1.)

Feb 3: “By The Associated Press. Southerners grasped eagerly at forecasts of fair and warmer today for relief from a…frigid wave that has brought damage, suffering and death for six days….

“The Arctic weather stretched from one corner of the nation to the other. The difference was that the northerly states were more accustomed to it and better able to bear it, although even they did not escape privation, death and heavy losses.

“There were almost unbelievably low mercury readings in many places. Greensburg, Ind., with 35 below zero, set an all-time low yesterday and had a minus 11 this morning. Logan, Ohio, thermometers dropped 27 below. Nashville, Tenn., in Dixieland, had ten below zero. Zeroes were common in the midwest. Upstate New York generally was sub-zero. Rochester had a record five below and Dansville -9.

At least 200 are already dead in the nation from winter’s excess, 40 of them in the south. Alabama, for instance, had seven dead, Arkansas nine, Michigan ten. These included deaths from exposure, traffic accidents, fires and other weather-connected causes….” (Moberly Monitor-Index, MO. “Cold Wave Cuts Damaging Path Across South.” 2-3-1951, 4.)

Feb 4: “By The Associated Press. A record-breaking cold wave spreading damage, misery, and
death heavily across the nation spearheaded last night toward the southernmost tip of Florida. Relief, slow but steady, had set in for most of the rest of normally balmy Dixie, beset for six days by snow, ice, and near-zero temperatures. But the weather bureau charted freezing weather to the tip of Florida, land of citrus, lush Winter vegetables, and tourists. A low of 17 was in sight for the northern Florida border.

“The full ferocity of the Arctic blast was pinpointed by such fantastically low thermometers as -35 at Greensburg, Ind., Friday, an all-time low, -30 in south Ohio, and -27 at Logan, Ohio. Readings of -10 at Nashville, Tenn., -12 at Tallulah, La., and 12 at Mobile, Ala., cut like icy swords at Southerners more used to 40 or 50 degrees at this season.

More Than 200 Loose Lives

“Deaths from freezing, traffic accidents, fires, and other weather-connected causes mounted with
every new report. The precise total was untallied but it stood at well over 200 for the nation, 50 or more in the South. Making up the rising total were such individual counts as Georgia 10, Alabama nine, Arkansas nine, Tennessee seven, Michigan 10 Kentucky 14.

“The weather’s privation and damage took the form of crop losses, frozen pipes and water systems, snapped power lines, burst automobile radiators and engine blocks, ice-glazed roads, and paralyzing cold. Power lines serving thousands of families were down over the nation. Countless schools were closed and communities isolated….” (Anniston Star, AL. “Cold Weather Florida Bound; Ohio Suffers.” 2-4-1951, p. 1.)

Feb 5: “By The Associated Press. The worst wintry storm to hit the deep south in 50 years has left the area with damage in the millions of dollars. Some cities isolated and with business paralyzed for as long as four days have just begun to add up their losses. In Florida alone, the driving, near-freezing rain which whipped the state for 18 hours was blamed for the deaths of an estimated 3,000 to 5,000 cattle in nine counties….

“Mississippi, hardest hit state, listed 16 deaths from the storm. Louisiana, where the temperature dropped to as low as 12 below zero at Tallulah, and eight below at Minden, had nine deaths. As temperatures climbed back to normal levels throughout the south the northern plains area and northern Maine again were hit by sub-zero blasts. Readings below zero were reported in parts of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa and northern Maine.” (Ada Evening News, OK. “Winter Storm Leaving South as New Cold Hits Northern Plains.” 2-5-1951, p. 1.)

Feb 5: “Indianapolis, Feb. 5 – (AP) – The cold wave was over in Indiana today, and its death toll stood at 27 with the addition of three weekend fatalities. Mrs. Annabelle Mosier, 74, was found dead of exposure yesterday outside the home of her son, Walter, near Bedford. Coroner R. E. Wynne said she apparently went outside during the night to get fuel and was stunned by a fall. Her son was not home at the time.

“Vincent R. Wells, Preston, Ont., was killed in an automobile collision on an icy hill on Ind. 3 south of Muncie Saturday. A fellow Canadian and four soldiers from Camp Atterbury were injured. The Canadians’ car and one in which the soldiers were driving to Detroit collided.

“Clinton L. McAmis, 50, Louisville, Ky., conductor on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, was crushed to death Saturday while freight cars at the quartermaster depot. Coroner Erwin M. Coots said McAmis apparently slipped under a freight car on the icy snow.” (Kokomo Tribune, IN. “Death Toll in State from Cold Weather is Placed at 27.” 2-5-1951, 7.)

Feb 5: “….On the state-wide scene, the cold, snow and ice were blamed for most of the 10 accidental deaths reported during the week end. The weekend deaths raised the fatality toll due to the storm to 30 persons. The week end deaths in Ohio included:

“….James H. Marshall, 41, of Berea, found frozen to death in his car in Middleburgh Heights (Cuyahoga county).

“Michael A. Gregor, 59, Lyndhurst (Cuyahoga county) who died while shoveling snow….

“Wilmer Mincks, 48, and Cecil Mincks, 44, brothers of near Crooked Tree (Noble county) found dead in their car of carbon monoxide. Apparently they decided to stay in their car until daylight when they found they could not drive up a hill. They kept the motor running.” (Mansfield News-Journal, OH. “7 Hurt in City Area; 10 Die in Ohio.” 2-5-1951, p. 1.)

Feb 6: “By The Associated Press. Rain swept eastward over Tennessee today as temperatures climbed above freezing following a mild overnight dip to 25 degrees in the eastern tip of the state. Most of the state – from the Cumberland Mountains west to Memphis – continued to dig out from one of the worst ice and snow storms in history.

“Meanwhile, the toll from the eight-inch ice and snow storm mounted to 11 with the death in Memphis yesterday of a man killed when a 40-foot wooden canopy collapsed under the weight of packed ice and snow. W. A. Caradine, 64, was buried under a three-foot pile of brick, snow and rubble….” (Kingsport Times, TN. “Rain Follows Cold Wave in Tennessee.” 2-6-1951, p. 1.)

Feb 7: “By United Press. A new cold wave speared down the Mississippi Valley to the Gulf of Mexico and fanned across the country from the Rockies to the Appalachians today…Residents of the northern plains shivered in temperatures far below zero, and the morning sub-zero line dipped into Nebraska, Iowa and Illinois.

“Michigan came in for its share of the onslaught. Freezing rains painted a hazardous ice-coating on many highways on the lower peninsula, while snow slowed traffic along Lake Michigan and Lake Huron and in the upper peninsula. The weather bureau predicted sub-zero temperatures for much of the state early tomorrow. Three inches of fresh snow was reported at Calumet, Mich. And Wausau, Wis.

“In Chicago, motorists awoke to find their parked automobiles frozen tight in a six-inch deep crust of hardened slush.

“Forecaster Howard Kenny of the U.S. Weather Bureau in Chicago said the cold was ‘severe but not as severe as last week’s deep freeze’ that claimed 350 lives and widespread property damage.” (Marshall Evening Chronicle, MI. “New Cold Wave Fans Nation Slowing Traffic.” 2-7-1951, p1.)

Feb 8: “By United Press. Temperatures plunged below zero in Indiana again today. Low marks of four below were reported at Goshen and Fort Wayne as the weather bureau predicted gradual relief from the cold wave that gripped the state most of last week [Jan 29-Feb 4]. Snow flurries were predicted for today, tonight and tomorrow with temperatures moderating to perhaps 22 above zero. The low mark tonight may be zero for upstate but only 12 to 18 above downstate. Winds subsided at the end of the coldest and most blustery day of the winter. Temperatures never got above 9 above zero in Indianapolis yesterday and winds up to 40 miles an hour swept the city.

“The death toll from two weeks of cold and icy weather in Indiana rose higher. A Camp Atterbury officer and his wife were killed in a collision on a patch of icy highway near Edinburg, and 19-year-old Morris Salt was burned to death at Orland (Steuben county) when his shed home caught fire from an overheated stove.” (Pharos-Tribune, Logansport, IN. “Mercury to Climb Slowly.” 2-8-1951, p. 12.)
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Associated Press. “Cold Blast Cause of Much Damage.” The Republican-Courier, Findlay, OH, 1-30-1951, p.3. Accessed 8-9-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/findlay-republican-courier-jan-30-1951-p-3/

Associated Press. “Cold Retains Grip On Texas.” Corsicana Daily Sun, TX. 1-30-1951, p. 1. Accessed 8-10-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/corsicana-daily-sun-jan-30-1951-p-1/

Associated Press. “Cold Wave in Midwest; 2 Above in Mt. Vernon.” Mt. Vernon Register-News, 1-29-1951, p. 1. Accessed 8-7-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/mt-vernon-register-news-jan-29-1951-p-1/

Associated Press. “Cold Weather Blamed for Deaths in State.” San Antonio Express, TX. 1-31-1951, p. 2. Accessed 8-10-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/san-antonio-express-jan-31-1951-p-2/

Associated Press. “Find Pontotoc Man’s Snow-Covered Body on Own Back Porch.” Hattiesburg American, MS. 2-7-1951, 13. Accessed 8-8-2023 at:
https://newspaperarchive.com/hattiesburg-american-feb-07-1951-p-13/

Associated Press. “Find Two Men Dead Inside of Station.” Ada Evening News, 2-2-1951, p.1. Accessed 8-9-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/ada-evening-news-feb-02-1951-p-1/

Associated Press. “Five Dead in Cold Wave Which Sweeps State; Child Falls Through Ice, Drowns. Northwest Arkansas Times, Fayetteville. 2-2-1951, p. 1. Accessed 8-6-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/northwest-arkansas-times-feb-02-1951-p-1/

Associated Press. “Four Persons Die Violently in Arkansas Monday [Jan 29]. Hope Star, 1-30-1951, p. 1. Accessed 8-6-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/hope-star-jan-30-1951-p-1/

Associated Press. “Freezes to Death.” Daily Herald, Biloxi and Gulfport, MS. 2-3-1951, p. 9. Accessed 8-8-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/biloxi-daily-herald-feb-03-1951-p-9/

Associated Press. “Frigid Wave Grips State; 19 Are Dead.” The Newark Advocate, OH. 2-2-1951, p. 1. Accessed 8-9-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/newark-advocate-feb-02-1951-p-1/

Associated Press. “Frozen Texans See Signs That Storm Breaking.” Valley Morning Star, Harlingen, TX, 2-2-1951, p.1. Accessed 8-10-2023 at:
https://newspaperarchive.com/valley-morning-star-feb-02-1951-p-1/

Associated Press, Helena. ”Havre Is Warmest City in Montana.” Havre Daily News, MT. 1-30-1951, p. 1. Accessed 8-9-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/havre-daily-news-jan-30-1951-p-1/

Associated Press. “Homefront Toll Exceeds Losses In Korean War.” Wilmington News Journal, OH. 2-5-1951, p. 1. Accessed 8-9-2023 at:
https://newspaperarchive.com/wilmington-news-journal-feb-05-1951-p-1/

Associated Press. “Icy Cold, Storms Take Heavy Toll.” Reno Evening Gazette, NV. 2-1-1951, p. 1. Accessed 8-9-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/reno-evening-gazette-feb-01-1951-p-1/

Associated Press. “No Let-up in this North Pole Blast.” Hutchinson News-Herald, KS. 1-31-1951, p1. Accessed 8-8-2023: https://newspaperarchive.com/hutchinson-news-herald-jan-31-1951-p-15/

Associated Press. “No Relief From Cold In Sight” (cont. from p.1.) The Newark Advocate, OH, 2-2-1951, p. 14. Accessed 8-9-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/newark-advocate-feb-02-1951-p-14/

Associated Press. “One Dead, Six Hurt From Sleet Storm.” Beckley Sunday Register, 1-29-1951, p. 1. Accessed 8-10-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/beckley-sunday-register-jan-29-1951-p-1/

Associated Press. “Seven Lives Lost in Accidents on Sunday.” The Ada Evening News. 2-5-1951, p. 1. Accessed 8-8-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/ada-evening-news-feb-05-1951-p-1/

Associated Press. “Snow Storm Lashes Ohio.” Terre Haute Tribune, IN. 2-1-1951, p. 2. Accessed 8-7-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/terre-haute-tribune-feb-01-1951-p-2/

Associated Press. “State Suffers Heavy Loss in Severe Storm.” The Camden News, AR. 2-3-1951, p. 1. Accessed 8-6-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/camden-news-feb-03-1951-p-1/

Associated Press. “Teacher, 75, Freezes in Cuba City Home.” Racine Journal Times, WI. 2-2-1951, p. 1. Accessed 8-10-2021 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/racine-journal-times-feb-02-1951-p-1/

Associated Press. “Texas Weather (continued from p.1).” Corsicana Daily Sun, 1-30-1951, p. 9. Accessed 8-10-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/corsicana-daily-sun-jan-30-1951-p-9/

Associated Press. “Winter Embraces Sunny Southland.” Wilson Daily Times, NC. 2-3-1951, p. 1. Accessed 8-9-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/wilson-daily-times-feb-03-1951-p-1/

Associated Press. “Winter Season’s Roughest Weather Envelopes Nation With Cold, Rain.” Wilson Daily Times, NC 1-31-1951, 1. Accessed 8-9-2023 at:
https://newspaperarchive.com/wilson-daily-times-jan-31-1951-p-1/

Associated Press. “Worst in Years.” Lock Haven Express, PA. 1-29-1951, p. 5. Accessed 8-9-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/lock-haven-express-jan-29-1951-p-5/

Associated Press. “Youth Is Killed On Icy Street.” Rocky Mount Evening Telegram, NC. 1-31-1951, p. 2B. Accessed 8-9-2023 at:
https://newspaperarchive.com/rocky-mount-evening-telegram-jan-31-1951-p-10/

Bellville Times, TX. “One Death, Many Injuries and Some Property Damage Follow Severe Ice Weather in Bellville and County.” 2-1-1951, p. 1. Accessed 8-10-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/bellville-times-feb-01-1951-p-1/

Biloxi Daily Herald, MS. “Freezes to Death.” 2-3-1951, p. 9. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=184436766&sterm=cold+winter

Blytheville Courier News, Ark. “Arkansas Counts 5 Dead in Cold Blast of Winter.” 2-2-1951, 1.
http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=90367680&sterm=winter+cold+exposure

Corpus Christi Times, TX. “Ice and Snow Coat May Ruin Florida’s Citrus.” 2-3-1951, 1. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=95338581&sterm

Daily Ardmoreite, Ardmore, OK. “Cold’s Grasp on Nation is Still Intact.” 1-31-1951, p. 1. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=207008248&sterm=winter

Daily Ardmoreite, Ardmore, OK. “State in Grasp of Winter Blizzard.” 2-1-1951, p. 1. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=207008253&sterm=winter+cold

Daily Ardmoreite, Ardmore, OK. “State is Blanketed Under Welcome Snow.” 1-31-1951, p. 1. At: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=207008248&sterm=winter+cold

Daily Oklahoman, Oklahoma City, OK. “Merchant Marine Is Killed in Crash.” 2-1-1951, p. 1. Accessed 8-9-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/oklahoma-city-daily-oklahoman-feb-01-1951-p-23/

Delta Democrat-Times, Greenville, MS. “Another Icy Blast Coming From Canada.” 1-31-1951, p.1. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=57135856&sterm=winter

Emporia Gazette, KS. “Numbing Cold Strikes Nation Crippling Blow. Snow and Ice Take Toll of Lives, Crops and Communications; Disaster in Texas.” 2-1-1951, 1. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=113156410&sterm

Gladewater Daily Mirrow, TX. “Area Warms Up After 4-Below Last Night.” 2-2-1951, p. 1. Accessed 8-10-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/gladewater-daily-mirror-feb-02-1951-p-1/

Hattiesburg American, MS. “Vicksburg is Coldest Spot in Mississippi.” 2-2-1951, p. 1. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=185122551&sterm

Huron Daily Plainsman, SD. “Elderly Ree Heights Woman Found Dead; Death Accidental.” 2-6-1951, p. 10. Accessed 8-10-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/huron-daily-plainsman-feb-06-1951-p-10/

INS (Int. News Service). “Week End to Bring Rise in Mercury.” The Tipton Daily Tribune, IN. 2-3-1951, p.1. Accessed 8-7-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/tipton-tribune-feb-03-1951-p-1/

Kerrville Times, TX. “Great Thaw Begins Today After Record Cold Wave.” 2-2-1951, p.1. Accessed 8-10-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/kerrville-daily-times-feb-02-1951-p-1/

Kingsport Times, TN. “Rain Follows Cold Wave in Tennessee.” 2-6-1951, p. 1. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=49855466&sterm=cold+winter

Kingsport Times News, TN. “Woman Frozen To Death in Ky., Identify Sought.” 2-4-1951, p. 1. Accessed 8-10-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/kingsport-times-news-feb-04-1951-p-1/

Kokomo Tribune, IN. “Death Toll in State from Cold Weather is Placed at 27.” 2-5-1951, 7. At: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=80485631&sterm=cold+exposure

Le Mars Semi-Weekly Sentinel, IA. “Herman Charlson…Killed in Crash. Car Skidded on Ice…” 2-6-1951, p1. Accessed 8-8-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/lemars-semi-weekly-sentinel-feb-06-1951-p-1/

Mansfield News-Journal, OH. “7 Hurt in City Area; 10 Die in Ohio.” 2-5-1951, p. 1. At: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=16217660&sterm=winter+cold+dead

Marshall Evening Chronicle, MI. “New Cold Wave Fans Nation Slowing Traffic.” 2-7-1951, p. 1. At: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=207221742&sterm

Marshall Evening Chronicle, MI. “Storm Lashes U.S.; Full Fury Misses Most of Michigan.” 2-1-1951, 2. At: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=207146925&sterm=cold

Middlesboro Daily News, KY. “Kentucky Weather Death Toll Stands at 14 Today.” 2-2-1951, p. 7. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=51696808&sterm

Miller, Albert, and Donnell H. Gould. “The Extensive Cold Air Outbreak of January 24-31, 1951, Monthly Weather Review, January 1951, pp. 20-26. Accessed 8-6-2023 at: https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/mwre/79/1/1520-0493_1951_079_0020_tecaoo_2_0_co_2.xml

Moberly Monitor-Index, MO. “Cold Wave Cuts Damaging Path Across South.” 2-3-1951, 4. At: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=76634913&sterm=cold+winter+dead

Morning Avalanche, Lubbock, TX. “Cold Tightens Grip.” 2-1-1951, p. 8. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=107746273&sterm=cold+winter+storm

Morning Avalanche, Lubbock, TX. “Nation Chilled..” 2-1-1951, pp. 1, 8. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=107746273&sterm=cold+winter+storm

National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office, Louisville, KY. Top 25 Weather Events of All-Time in Central Kentucky and Southern Indiana. 3-4-2010 update accessed at: http://www.crh.noaa.gov/lmk/?n=top_20_weather_events

National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office, Nashville, TN (Mark A. Rose, Meteorologist): “Nashville Ice Storm of 1951.” Accessed 8-6-2023 at: https://www.weather.gov/ohx/1951icestorm

Newport Daily News, RI. “Glazed Roads Cause Dozen Mishaps in County; Skid Kills Upstate Man.” 1-29-1951, p. 1. Accessed 8-9-2023 at:
https://newspaperarchive.com/newport-daily-news-jan-29-1951-p-1/

Pharos-Tribune, Logansport, IN. “Mercury to Climb Slowly.” 2-8-1951, p. 12. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=83800714&sterm

Republican-Courier, Findlay, OH. “Mercury Slides To 14 Below No Real Relief Sighted Today.” 2-3-1951, p. 16. Accessed 8-9-2023: https://newspaperarchive.com/findlay-republican-courier-feb-03-1951-p-16/

Ruston Daily Leader, LA. “North Louisiana Locked in Grip of Snow and Ice; Entire Nation is Hit.” 2-1-1951, p.1. At: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=139508880&sterm

Salt Lake City Telegram, UT. “Utah Mercury Hits 4 Degrees.” 1-31-1951, p. 3. Accessed 8-10-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/salt-lake-city-telegram-jan-31-1951-p-3/

Snyder Daily News, TX. “Worse Cold Predicted Bringing Damage To Homes and Livestock.” 2-1-1951, p. 1. Accessed 8-10-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/snyder-daily-news-feb-01-1951-p-1/

Southern Illinoisan, Carbondale. “Snowplow Driver Fatally Hurt Near Crab Orchard.” 1-31-1951, p. 1. Accessed 9-7-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/southern-illinoisan-jan-31-1951-p-1/

Terre Haute Star, IN. “Subzero Cold (continued from p. 1).”2-2-1951, p. 2. Accessed 8-7-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/terre-haute-star-feb-02-1951-p-2/

The News, Frederick, MD. “Wide Areas Still Held in Winter Grip.” 2-2-1951, p. 1. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=14414128&sterm=winter+cold+storm

Thomasville Times-Enterprise, GA. “Hard Cold Brings Out Tall Tales.” 1-30-1951, 1. At: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=189443122&sterm=cold+winter+storm

Thomasville Times-Enterprise, GA. “Snow Hampers Telephone System; Crops Damaged.” 2-3-1951, p. 1. At: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=189445430&sterm=winter

Thomasville Times-Enterprise, GA. “South Hopes for Relief from 6-Day Frigid Wave.” 2-3-1951, 1. At: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=189445430&sterm=winter

Traverse City Record-Eagle, MI. “Frostbitten Old Groundhog Sees Shadow.” 2-2-1951, 1. At: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=5692288&sterm=cold+exposure+death

United Press. “69 Persons Killed as Result of Cold Wave Which Plunged Mercury as Low as 50 Below.” Neosho Daily Democrat, MO. 1-29-1951, p. 2. Accessed 8-8-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/neosho-daily-democrat-jan-29-1951-p-2/

United Press. “Cold Extends to Southland.” Nevada State Journal, Reno. 2-3-1951, p. 1. Accessed 8-9-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/nevada-state-journal-feb-03-1951-p-1/

United Press. ”Cold Wave Brings Snow To Florida.” The Daily Independent, Kannapolis, NC, 2-4-1951, p. 1. Accessed 8-9-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/kannapolis-daily-independent-feb-04-1951-p-1/

United Press. “Death Toll of Cold Wave Reaches 308, With Millions of Dollars Damage to Farm Crops.” The Yuma Daily Sun, AZ. 2-3-1951, p.1. Accessed 8-6-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/yuma-sun-feb-03-1951-p-1/

United Press. “Dixie Freeze (continued from p.1).” Portland Telegram & Press Herald, 2-4-1951, p. 8. Accessed 8-8-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/portland-press-herald-feb-04-1951-p-8/

United Press. “Severe Cold Holds Nation in Icy Grip.” Nevada State Journal, Reno. 1-31-1951, p. 1. Accessed 8-9-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/nevada-state-journal-jan-31-1951-p-1/

United Press. “Sub-Zero Cold Moves Eastward.” Nevada State Journal, Reno. 1-30-1951, p. 1. Accessed 8-9-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/nevada-state-journal-jan-30-1951-p-1/

United Press. “Three Dead as Winter’s Worst Storm Sweeps Across N.E.” The Lowell Sun, MA. 2-1-1951, p. 19. Accessed 9-8-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/lowell-sun-feb-01-1951-p-35/

Valley Morning Star, Harlingen, TX. “Frozen Texans See Signs that Storm Breaking.” 2-2-1951, p. 1. http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=19364212&sterm=cold+winter+storm

Vidette-Messenger, Valparaiso, IN. “Mercury Dip Slows Down in This Area.” 2-3-1951, p.1. Accessed 8-7-2023 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/valparaiso-vidette-messenger-feb-03-1951-p-1/

Walla Walla Union-Bulletin, WA. “More than 20 Deaths Blamed on Winter’s Worst Cold Wave.” 1-30-1951, p. 1. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=19304740&sterm=