28–538

lornajarrettblanchard January 1, 2001

Compiled by Wayne Blanchard; last edit 3-3-2024 for upload to: http://www.usdeadlyevents.com/

–538 Hurt, Alyson (NPR), citing National Center for Health Statistics, in Huang, 8-26-2023.

(Cites CDC National Center for Health Statistics.)

–502 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, Census Region, T67 (heat and light).

–56 Northeast –184 Midwest –173 South –89 West

–494 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, Census Divisions, T67.

[*Our number – no total given. Divisions which do not show mean fewer than 10 deaths.]

— ? Division 1 New England

–48 Division 2 Middle Atlantic

–98 Division 3 East North Central

–86 Division 4 West North Central

–56 Division 5 South Atlantic

–21 Division 6 East South Central

–96 Division 7 West South Central

–55 Division 8 Mountain

–34 Division 9 Pacific

–488 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, HHS Region, T67 (heat and light).

[*Our number – no total given. Regions which do not show mean fewer than 10 deaths.]

— ? HHS Region #1 CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, VT [not shown if less than ten]

— 23 HHS Region #2 NJ, NY

— 49 HHS Region #3 DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, WV

— 53 HHS Region #4 AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN

–118 HHS Region #5 IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, WI

— 97 HHS Region #6 AR, LA, NM, OK, TX

— 59 HHS Region #7 IA, KS, MO, NE

— 11 HHS Region #8 CO, MT, ND, SD, UT

— 78 HHS Region #9 AZ, CA, HI, NV

— ? HHS Region #10 AK, IS, OR, WA [not shown if less than ten]

–487 Blanchard tally based on State and locality breakouts below.

–478 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, Census Region, X30 (excessive natural heat exp.)

–65 Northeast –162 Midwest –171 South –80 West

–442 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, Census Region, X30 and T67.

–51 Northeast –156 Midwest –158 South –77 West

–400 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

[*Our number – no total given. Numbers given for 17 States. Thus any deaths in 33 other States and DC are suppressed (do not show when fewer than 10 deaths.]

–300 CDC in Kansas City Health Dept. Kansas City Extreme Heat Mitigation and Communication.[1]

–300 CDC WONDER. ICD-10/X30, exposure to extreme heat, search, 8-30-2016.[2]

–166 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

— 39 Null, Jan. Heatstroke Deaths of Children in Vehicles. 10-29-2015 update.[3]

Summary of Heat-Related Deaths by State

Alabama 5

Arizona 74 Blanchard using AZ DHS for all counties but Maricopa, where Maricopa Co. is used.

Arkansas >5

California 29 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

Florida 30 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

Illinois 38 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

Indiana 10 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

Iowa 5

Kentucky 3

Louisiana 11 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

Maryland 14 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

Michigan 17 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

Minnesota 20 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

Mississippi 1

Missouri 41 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

Nebraska 1

Nevada 19 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

New Jersey 2

New York 16 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

No. Carolina 4

Ohio 10 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

Oklahoma 19 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

Pennsylvania 28 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

Tennessee 1

Texas 59 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

West Virginia 1

Wisconsin 24 Wisc. DEM. “Wisconsin Heat Awareness Day June 12, 2014.” 6-4-2014.

Total 487

*Blanchard note on sources: Ours, by necessity, is a compilation from several sources.

(1) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER database underlying and multiple cause of death searches for T67 and X30. These suffer, however, from the fact that the CDC does not show deaths if the loss of life is less than ten. These deaths, therefore are unknown to us unless found in another source.

(2) The National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Internet searches via the Storm Events Database can be queried. For “heat,” one has to do two searches – one for “excessive heat” and one for “heat.” Frequently the entries in one seem similar to ones in the other. The NCDC also publishes Storm Data, a monthly, electronically accessible.

(3) The National Weather Service, another NOAA entity, publishes tables on heat fatalities. Their figures differ from NCDC figures. None of the NOAA sources is comprehensive for two subsets – children in vehicles and workers, though one can find references to each. Both generally show fewer deaths than CDC Wonder in that primarily what is noted are “direct” deaths attributable to high natural heat (Underlying Cause of Death in CDC parlance). This is the case even for CDC Wonder searches for excessive heat as an underlying cause of death.

(4) For coverage of children dying in cars due to excessive heat exposure we rely on Jan Null and KidsAndCars.org).

(5) OSHA provides more comprehensive coverage of worker heat-related fatalities

(6) Newspaper archives, particularly when looking for end-of-heat-season statements by State Offices of Chief Medical Examiners. Frequently their numbers differ markedly (upward) from CDC, NCDC or NWS figures.

(7) State, County or local Public Heath or Vital Statistic entities (again higher numbers generally noted than can be found in CDC Wonder).

Note on ICDC Codes used in CDC Wonder Online Database above and below: We use the T67 and X30 codes described below. We use them independently in the “Census Region,” “HHS Region” and “State” locations in the search page. There are two “boxes” to search – ?Underlying Cause of Death” and “Multiple Causes of Death” – the higher numbers are to be found when using the Multiple Causes of Death option for “Census Region.”)

T67 Effects of heat and light

T67.0 (Heatstroke and sunstroke);

T67.1 (Heat syncope); heat syncope [fainting]; factors include dehydration and lack of acclimatization.

T67.2 (Heat cramp);

T67.3 (Heat exhaustion, anhydrotic); [Note: T67 codes are in the class of “multiple

T67.4 (Heat exhaustion due to salt depletion); cause of death,” meaning, usually, that heat

T67.5 (Heat exhaustion, unspecified); contributed to or combined with another

T67.6 (Heat fatigue, transient); cause of death – such as a heart condition.]

T67.7 (Heat oedema);

T67.8 (Other effects of heat and light);

T67.9 (Effect of heat and light, unspecified)

X30 Exposure to excessive natural heat; hyperthermia. [Underlying (or primary) cause of death.]

Note further that we show four CDC Wonder searches above, out of more than a dozen which could have been done. From the CDC Wonder homepage one can choose on the left side of the page from “Underlying Cause of Death,” “Multiple Cause of Death,” or “Compressed Cause of Death.” Within these three categories one can search for T67 (heat and light) and/or X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat), or both. These two codes in each category can be further broken out by “Census Region,” “Census Division,” “HHS Region,” “State,” or “County.” Thus, fifteen possible search possibilities result. Usually, the largest number of deaths out of all searches will be found for a Census Region and T67 search.

Breakout of Heat-Related Deaths by State

Alabama ( 5)

— 5 AL DPH. “Health precautions urged during periods of prolonged heat.” 6-21-2005.[4]

— 0 State. National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

Arizona (74)

–74 Blanchard tally using AZ DHS for all counties but Maricopa, where Maricopa Co. is used.

–63 AZ DHS. Deaths from Exposure to Excessive Natural Heat…[AZ] 1992-2009, p. 17.[5]

–29 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–22 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30, exposure to extreme heat search.

–10 Maricopa County

— 1 State. National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

Breakout of Arizona Fatalities by Locality (where noted):

–16 Maricopa County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat and light).

— 1 Phoenix, Maricopa Co.; Heat exposure; boy, 14, at youth boot camp, outdoor temp. 111°.[6]

Breakouts of Arizona Heat Mortality 2001[7]

By County By State or Country of Residence. By Month of Occurrence.

— 4 Cochise –17 Arizona –14 May

–21 Maricopa[8] — 1 Other U.S. State or Canada –17 June

–10 Maricopa [9] –45 Mexico/Central/South Amer. Country –16 July

— 3 Mohave — 7 Aug

–37 Pima — 8 Sep

— 2 Pinal — 1 Nov

— 1 Santa Cruz

— 6 Yuma

Arkansas (>5)

— >5 State. AR Department of Health. “ADH Warns of Heat Related Illness,” Aug 2011, p. 2.[10]

— 1 St. Francis County, Forrest City, July 13. Male, 55; on sidewalk in front of his home.[11]

California (29)

–29 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–23 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30, exposure to extreme heat search.

–21 California Dept. of Public Health. “Table 5. Heat-related deaths, 2000-2011 (Crude Rates).”

— 3 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

— 1 Apple and Yucca Valleys, May 23-25. Female, 78, after car became stuck in sand.[12]

— 1 Riverside County, June 22-30. Male hiker, 65, presumed dead; extreme heat in area.[13]

— 1 San Diego County, Palm Canyon, May 13 (found). Male, 25, outside; after record temps.[14]

— 1 San Jose, July. Boy, 5-months, left in vehicle by father (later convicted of manslaughter).[15]

Florida (20)

–20 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–17 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30, exposure to extreme heat search.

— 4 Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.

— 0 State. National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

Breakout of Florida Heat-Related Deaths by Locality (where noted):

–1 Fort Walton Beach, July 13 (July 11 heat stroke). Joseph S. Michalowski III, 27, Marine Corps run.[16]

–1 Gainesville, Aug 1 (July 26 collapse). U. of FL freshman Eraste Autin, 18; football practice.[17]

–1 Lake Placid, Aug 9. Heatstroke; male employee concrete worker.[18]

–1 Warner Robins, July 9. Male worker installing baffles in attic of duplex home.[19]

Illinois (38)

–38 Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.

–38 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–36 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

–19 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30, exposure to extreme heat search

— 1 Champaign County, Urbana, June. Heatstroke; worker.[20]

–32 Cook County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–14 Cook County. CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, County, X30, excessive heat.

— 1 Chicago, Cook County, June 17. Heat stress, Male, 79, in his home, hot day.[21]

— 1 Chicago, Cook County, July 4. Heatstroke; male, 41, in his home.[22]

— 1 Chicago, Cook County, July 18. Heat stress; female, 66, in a home; high temp. 85°.[23]

–10 Chicago, Cook Co. July 21-24. NCDC. Event Record Details, Excessive Heat, IL.[24]

–Male, 44, at home.[25] –Male, 58, in water.[26] –Male, 58, at home. –Female, 73, at home

–Female, 79, at home –Male, 56, at home. –Male, 43, at home. –Female, 76, at home

–Male, 75, at home. –Male, 71, at home.

— 6 Chicago, Cook County, July 29-31. Males, 54, 55, 63, 67; females, 76 and 85, in homes.[27]

— 1 Chicago, Oct 7. Heatstroke; marathon runner, Luke Roach, 22, at mile 26.[28]

— 1 Cook County, Wilmette, July 17. Heat stress, male, 62, permanent home; high temp 86°.[29]

— 1 Cook County, Aug 1. Male, 40, permanent home.[30]

–14 Cook County, Aug 6-9. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat, IL, Cook, Aug 6-8-2001.

Male, 53, at home. Female, 72, at home. Female, 45, at home. Male, 49, at home.

Male, 56, at home. Female, 84, at home. Female, 74, at home. Male, 75, at home.

Male, 70, at home. Female, 87, at home. Female, 78, at home. Male, 77, at home.

Male, 72, at home. 14^th victims gender, age, location not noted.

— 1 St. Clair County, Alorton, June 19. Heat exhaustion; male, 58, in his over 100° home.[31]

Indiana (10)

–10 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

— 1 Clinton, Vermillion Co., July 1. Travis Stowers, 17, during high school football practice.[32]

— 3 Indianapolis. WTHR 13, Indianapolis. “Indiana reports three heat-related deaths.” 7-25-2011.[33]

Iowa ( 5)

— 5 Radio Iowa. “Cold temps cause more deaths than heat in Iowa.” 7-25-2005.[34]

— 1 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

— 1 Polk County, Des Moines, Aug 5. Female, 88, home, windows closed, house temp. <100°.[35]

Kentucky ( 3)

— 3 Blanchard tally of breakouts below.

— 0 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

— 1 Bath Co., Sharpsburg, Aug 7. Employee stringing fence along industrial parkway.[36]

— 1 Fayette Co., Lexington, Aug 3. Employee “doing paving operations at a construction site.”[37]

— 1 Madison County, Aug 6. Male roofer, 33. AP. “Heatwave stifles most of U.S.” 8-9-2001.[38]

Louisiana (11)

–11 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

— 9 Louisiana DHH. Heat Stress: Hospital Admissions…and Deaths in Louisiana. 2012, p. 9.[39]

— 1 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

— 1 Caddo County, Shreveport, Aug 1. Excessive heat; female, 68, in home, AC not in use.[40]

Maryland (14)

–14 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

— 6 NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland.

— 5 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

Breakout of Maryland Heat-Related Fatalities by Locality:

–10 Baltimore. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat and light).

— 1 Baltimore, June 30. Male, 34. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat, Baltimore, June 30.

— 1 Baltimore, July 1. Heat exhaustion; male, 51; temperatures near 90°.[41]

— 3 Baltimore, Aug 9. Heat exhaustion; males, 50, 75; female, 75, un-air-conditioned homes.[42]

— 1 Cecil County, Elkton, Aug 9. Male, 65, at home. Storm Events Database, Heat, MD, Cecil.

Michigan (17)

–17 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

— 4 MI Dept. State Police, Mich. Hazard Mitigation Plan, p.153. (.Mid-June and early Aug.)

— 1 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

Breakout of Localities

— 4 Detroit, Northland Nursing Center, June. Elderly patients, one a female, 78, on feeding tube.[43]

— 1 Oakland, Oak Park, Aug 6-9. Severe heat exhaustion; male, 50, found in locked car.[44]

Minnesota (20)

–20 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–19 Minnesota Department of Health. Heat-related Deaths: Facts & Figures. 2015.[45]

–13 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30, exposure to extreme heat search

–12 Blanchard tally of locality breakouts below.

–11 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

— 5 Hennepin County, Minneapolis area, Aug 4-8. Females 43, 74, 88; males, 46, 72; homes.[46]

— 1 Mankato, MV Vikings training camp, Aug 1. Corey Stringer, collapsed during training.[47]

— 1 Minneapolis, July 10. Boy, 4-months; left in family’s minivan parked in sun about 8 hrs.[48]

— 5 St. Louis Co., Duluth, Aug 7-8. Males, 47, 51, 60, 73 and female, 60, homes with no AC.[49]

Mississippi ( 1) NWS, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

— 1 Hinds County, July 12. Heatstroke; male, 54; fell asleep in parked car; windows rolled up.[50]

Missouri (41)

–41 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–40 NWS CRH, Kansas City, MO. Summer Weather Safety. “[MO] Heat Related Deaths.”[51]

–30 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

–29 Blanchard tally of locality breakouts below.

–26 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30, exposure to extreme heat search.

— 1 Cape Girardeau, July 6 (found 9^th). Heatstroke; male, 74; home with no AC; windows nailed shut.[52]

— 1 Christian County, Aug 1-9. Female, 77, permanent home.[53]

— 1 Clay Co., July 6-8. Male, 47, at home. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat, MO, Clay.

— 1 Dade County, July 21. Male, 79, location noted as “other.”[54]

— 1 Jackson County, July 6-8. Heat-related causes; male, 68, permanent home; highs in 90’s.[55]

— 2 Jackson County, Kansas City, July 17-24. Males, 50 and 79 in permanent homes.[56]

— 1 Jasper County, Aug 1-9. Boy, 3, in vehicle.[57]

— 4 Kansas City metro area, Aug 1-5. Males, 61 & 77, female, 77, in homes; male 37, outside.[58]

— 1 Kansas City, Aug 9. Male, 64, outdoors. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat, MO, Worth

— 1 Pike County, July 7-10. Male, 53, outdoors. Temperatures in upper 90’s.[59]

— 1 Pike County, Bowling Green, July 21-24. Girl, 19-months, left in an automobile.[60]

— 1 St. Charles County, July 7-10. Female, 75, permanent home; temperatures in upper 90’s.[61]

— 4 St. Louis Co., University City nursing home, Apr 8-9. After AC broke; females, 68, 70, 85, 88.[62]

— 1 St. Louis County, July 7-10. Female, 58, permanent home.[63]

— 1 St. Louis City, June 18. Heat exhaustion; female, 88, AC and fans non utilized; 106° inside.[64]

— 2 St. Louis City, July 7-10. Female, 86, permanent home; male, 48, permanent home.[65]

— 1 St. Louis City, July 21-24. Male, 79, permanent home.[66]

— 1 St. Louis City, Aug 7-9. Female, 85, permanent home.[67]

— 3 St. Louis City, Aug 12. Boys, both 2, female, 1; got into car across street from home.[68]

Nebraska ( 1)

— 1 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

— 1 Dodge County, Beatrice, July 30. Heatstroke; male, 39, while on work-release construction site.[69]

Nevada (19)

–19 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–10 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30, exposure to extreme heat search

— 1 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

–18 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat and light).

–10 Clark County. CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, County, X30, excessive heat.

— 1 Clark County, North Las Vegas, May 22. Dallas Nelson, 9-mo., left in vehicle by mother.[70]

— 1 Clark Co., Las Vegas, June 29. Boy, 5-months, left in hot car over 5 hours, 140° in car.[71]

New Jersey ( 2) NWS, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

— 1 Burlington County, Aug 6-10. Female, 87, home with windows closed, no AC.[72]

— 1 Gloucester County, Swedesboro, Aug 6-10. Male, 33; home temperature over 100 degrees.[73]

New York (16)

–16 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–13 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30, exposure to extreme heat search

— 4 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

— 1 Brooklyn, Aug 8-10. Excessive heat; female, 82, location noted as “other” (hospital?)[74]

— 3 Manhattan, Aug 8-10. Excessive heat; male, 57, and females, 76, 82, in “other.” (hosp.?).[75]

— 1 NYC, Aug 16. Rafael Nunez, 2; left in car outside East NYC home, under care of older brother.[76]

No. Carolina ( 4)

–4 Blanchard tally from locality breakouts below.

–3 Mirabelli and Richardson. “Heat-Related Fatalities in North Carolina.” April 2005.[77]

–1 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

–1 Burke County, Morganton, Aug 8. Male, 19, playing basketball in gym without AC.[78]

–1 Camp LeJeune, Jacksonville, July 31. Sailor Thomas Moses Gonzalez, 20, in training exercise.[79]

–1 Charlotte, July 11. Heatstroke; Michael Heinen Jr., 6-mo.; left in car 9 hrs. by father at work.[80]

–1 Greensboro, Aug 7. Heat exhaustion; Detective David L. Taylor; testing equipment, cell phone tower.[81]

Ohio (10)

–10 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

— 1 Cincinnati, Aug 2. Ronald Buck, 42, while working in his yard.[82]

— 1 Cincinnati, Aug 2. Betty Bright, 69, in her home; air conditioner not in use; windows shut.[83]

Oklahoma (19)

–19 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–13 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30, exposure to extreme heat search

–13 Garwe (OK Dept Health). “Heat-Related Deaths, Oklahoma, 1990-2001,” 5-31-2002, p.1.[84]

— 9 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

— 1 Comanche County, Lawton, July 21. Male, 76, in a residence.[85]

— 1 Mayes Co., Pryor, Thunderbird Youth Academy, Sep 3. Heatstroke; Travis Ballard, 15.[86]

–19 Oklahoma County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat and light).

— 1 Oklahoma County, Edmond, July 15. Male, 62, in his hot home; AC not in use.[87]

— 1 Oklahoma County, Oklahoma City, July 14. Female, 82, at her home.[88]

— 1 Oklahoma County, Oklahoma City, July 17. Male, 29, in a parking lot.[89]

— 1 Oklahoma County, Oklahoma City, July 21. Female, 85, in her home.[90]

— 1 Oklahoma County, Oklahoma City, July 24. Male, 52, in his home.[91]

— 1 Oklahoma County, Oklahoma City, July 28. Male, 49, in his home.[92]

— 1 Pawnee County, July 17. Heatstroke; male, 43, location noted as “other.”[93]

— 1 Payne County, Stillwater, July 6. Male, 78, while loading equipment at a storage facility.[94]

Pennsylvania (28)

–28 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

–25 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

— 1 Chester County, Aug 6-10. Male, 76, at home. Storm Events Database, Heat, PA, Chester.

— 2 Montgomery County, Aug 6-10. Male, 56, at home. Female, 79, at home.[95]

–18 Philadelphia County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat and light).

— 2 Philadelphia, June 26-30. Female, 70, at home; male, 58, at home; temps in 90’s.[96]

— 1 Philadelphia, July 1. Female, 77, permanent home; temperatures in 90’s.[97]

— 1 Philadelphia, July 9-10. Male, 79, permanent home; temperatures in 90’s.[98]

— 2 Philadelphia, July 24-25. Males, 51 and 89, in permanent homes.[99]

–19 Philadelphia, Aug 6-10. NCDC, Storm Events Database, Heat, PA, Philadelphia, Aug 6-10.

Female, 78 at home. Male, 71, at home. Female, 66, at home. Female, 79, at home.

Male, 81, at home. Male, 49, at home. Female, 50, at home. Female, 88, at home.

Female, 81, at home. Male, 71, at home. Female, 82, at home. Male, 63, at home.

Male, 50, at home. Male, 61, at home. Female, 88, at home. Female, 81, at home.

Male, 51, at home. Female, 62, at home. Male, 75, at home.

Tennessee ( 1)

–0 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities

–1 Memphis, Aug 9. Heatstroke while loading packages in Federal Express semi-trailer truck.[100]

Texas (59)

–59 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

–26 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30, exposure to extreme heat search

–23 Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.

–20 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

Breakout of Texas heat-related fatalities by locality where noted:

— 1 Collin County, Plano, March 21. Ethan Fletcher, 5-months, left in car by mother all day.[101]

— 1 Dallas, July 11. Boy, 3, accidentally shut himself in family SUV ~20 min., 100° temp.[102]

–24 Harris County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 (heat and light).

–20 Harris County. NCDC. Storm Events Database.

–1 Harris County, June 11. Heat exposure; female, 82, permanent home.[103]

–1 Harris County, June 14. Heat exposure; female, 73, while doing yard work.[104]

–1 Harris County, June 27. Heat exposure; male, 49, outdoors.[105]

–1 Harris County, July 5. Heat exposure, Male jogger, 38.[106]

–1 Harris County, July 7. Heat exposure; male, 58, in his home.[107]

–1 Harris County, July 11. Heat exposure; male, 72, while working outside.[108]

–1 Harris County, July 12. Heat exposure; female, 78, outdoors.[109]

–1 Harris County, July 19. Heat exposure; male, 68, in his home.[110]

–1 Harris County, Aug 1. Heat exposure; male, 75, in his home.[111]

–1 Harris County, Aug 2. Heat exposure; female, 96, in her home.[112]

–1 Harris County, Aug 3. Heat exposure; male, 68, in his home.[113]

–1 Harris County, Aug 5. Heat exposure; female, 65, in her home.[114]

–1 Harris County, Aug 6. Heat exposure; female, 81, in her car.[115]

–1 Harris County, Aug 8. Heat exposure; female, 78, in vehicle in a parking lot.[116]

–1 Harris County, Aug 9. Heat exposure; male, 60, while playing golf.[117]

–1 Harris County, Aug 12. Heat exposure; female, 35, in her home.[118]

–1 Harris County, Aug 13. Heat exposure; male, 79, in his home.[119]

–1 Harris County, Aug 14. Heat exposure; female, 79, in her home.[120]

–1 Harris County, Aug 16. Heat exposure; male, 38, outside while exercising.[121]

–1 Harris County, Aug 22. Heat exposure; male, 45, outdoors.[122]

–13 Harris County, Houston, Summer. City of Houston. “Heat Related Illness,” 8-16-2002.

— 1 Late July. Heatstroke; Boy, 2, found in motor vehicle; had apparently gotten inside.[123]

West Virginia ( 1)

— 0 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

— 1 Rachel, May 3. Heat exhaustion; male sawmill worker. OSHA Inspection 300463965.

Wisconsin (24)

— 24 Wisc. DEM. “Wisconsin Heat Awareness Day June 12, 2014” (Press Release). 6-4-2014.

— 23 CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, State, T67 (heat and light).

— 12 Blanchard tally from locality breakouts below.

— 10 CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30, exposure to extreme heat search

— 10 National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

— 1 Chippewa County, Stanley, July 20 (died July 21). Male, 46, collapsed after fishing.[124]

— 1 Juneau County, July 31. Male, 75, at home; temperatures in mid to upper 90s.[125]

— 2 Kenosha County, Aug 6-9. Male, 56, at home; female, 8, outside.[126]

— 1 La Crosse County, WI, July 31. Male, 51, at home.[127]

— 1 Manitowoc County, Manitowoc, July 31. Female, 82, at home.[128]

— 4 Milwaukee Co., July 20-Aug 4. Heat-related, according to County Medical Examiner.[129]

— 2 Milwaukee County, July 21-22. Male, 34, and female, 52 in their homes.[130]

— 2 Milwaukee County, Aug 6-9. Male, 67, at home; Female, 75, at home.[131]

Narrative Information

Illinois

“An excessive heat watch was issued on Friday, July 20th and an excessive heat warning was issued on Saturday, July 21st. The high temperature at O’Hare Airport was 93 on both July 20th and 21st, 95 on July 22nd, 92 on July 23rd and 90 on July 24th. Daytime heat indices ranged between 100 and 107 degrees on July 20th through July 23rd. Midway Airport recorded the warmest temperature during this heat wave, 97 degrees during the afternoon of Sunday, July 22nd. On July 21st, a 58 year old man drowned after suffering a heat stroke along the Lake Michigan shore in Chicago.” (NCDC/NOAA. Event Record Details, Excessive Heat, Illinois, 21-24 July 2001.)

“The high temperature climbed to 92 degrees at O’Hare Airport on August 6th with a maximum heat index of 93 degrees. Heat indices around the Chicago metro area were in the middle 90s. On August 7th, the high temperature was 95 at O’Hare Airport with a heat index of 105 degrees, maximum heat indices around the metro area were in the 105 to 108 range. On August 8th, the high temperature was 93 at O’Hare airport with a heat index of 98 degrees, maximum heat indices around the metro area were in the 100 to 102 range. On August 9th, the high temperature was at O’Hare was 95 degrees with a heat index of 100 degrees, maximum heat indices were in the 100 to 104 range.” (NCDC. Event Record Details, Excessive Heat, Illinois, 06-09 Aug 2001.)

On Heat:

CDC. “Heat-Related Deaths – [U.S.], 1999-2003,” MMWR, V55, N29, 7-28-2006, 796-798:

“Heat-related illnesses (e.g., heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat syncope, or heatstroke) can occur when high ambient temperatures overcome the body’s natural ability to dissipate heat. Older adults, young children, and persons with chronic medical conditions are particularly susceptible to these illnesses and are at high risk for heat-related mortality. Previous analyses of the risk factors associated with heat-related deaths have been based on the underlying cause entered on the death certificate. The analysis revealed that including these deaths increased the number of heat-related deaths by 54% and suggested that the number of heat-related deaths is underestimated.

“CDC uses information from death certificates categorized by codes from the International Classification of Diseases to estimate national mortality trends. These data, collected and submitted by states, were used to determine the number of deaths in the United States during 1999–2003 that had exposure to excessive natural heat^§ recorded as the underlying cause (code X30 from ICD, tenth revision [ICD-10]), hyperthermia recorded as a contributing factor (ICD-10 code T67) (6), or both….

“Editorial Note: In this analysis, the inclusion of hyperthermia as a contributing cause of death increased by 54% the total number of heat-related deaths during 1999–2003 that would have been counted through inclusion of a heat-related underlying cause alone. Because heat-related illnesses can exacerbate existing medical conditions and death from heat exposure can be preceded by various symptoms, heat-related deaths can be difficult to identify when illness onset or death is not witnessed by a clinician. In addition, the criteria used to determine heat-related causes of death vary among states. This can lead to underreporting heat-related deaths or to reporting heat as a factor contributing to death rather than the underlying cause.

“Continued exposure to excessive heat can lead to hyperthermia or death. Of the heat-related illnesses, heat exhaustion and heatstroke are the most serious. Heat exhaustion is characterized by muscle cramps, fatigue, headache, nausea or vomiting, and dizziness or fainting. The skin is often cool and moist, indicating that the body’s mechanism for cooling itself (i.e., sweating) is still functioning. The pulse rate is typically fast and weak, and breathing is rapid and shallow. If untreated, heat exhaustion can progress to heatstroke. Heatstroke is a serious, life-threatening condition characterized by a high body temperature (>103^ºF [>39.4^ºC]); red, hot, and dry skin (no sweating); rapid, strong pulse; throbbing headache; dizziness; nausea; confusion; and unconsciousness. Symptoms can progress to encephalopathy, liver and kidney failure, coagulopathy, and multiple organ system dysfunction. Prompt treatment of heat-related illnesses with aggressive fluid replacement and cooling of core body temperature is critical to reducing morbidity and mortality.

“Many heat-related deaths, regardless of whether they are associated with chronic medical conditions, are preventable. During periods of extreme heat, heat-related illnesses can be prevented by avoiding strenuous outdoor activities, drinking adequate amounts of fluid, avoiding alcohol consumption, wearing lightweight clothing, and using air-conditioning. Groups at high risk include young children, persons aged >65 years, persons who do strenuous activities outdoors, and persons with chronic (particularly cardiovascular) medical conditions.”

EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) on Heat-Related Deaths (11-21-2023):

“When people are exposed to extreme heat, they can suffer from potentially deadly illnesses, such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Hot temperatures can also contribute to deaths from heart attacks, strokes, and other forms of cardiovascular disease. Heat is the leading weather-related killer in the United States, even though most heat-related deaths are preventable through outreach and intervention (see EPA’s Excessive Heat Events Guidebook at: www.epa.gov/heat-islands/excessive-heat-events-guidebook).

Unusually hot summer temperatures have become more common across the contiguous 48 states in recent decades…extreme heat events (heat waves) have become more frequent and intense… and these trends are expected to continue. As a result, the risk of heat-related deaths and illness is also expected to increase.^[132] The “urban heat island” effect accentuates the problem by causing even higher temperatures in densely developed urban areas. Reductions in cold-related deaths are projected to be smaller than increases in heat-related deaths in most regions. Death rates can also change, however, as people acclimate to higher temperatures and as communities strengthen their heat response plans and take other steps to continue to adapt.

“Certain population groups already face higher risks of heat-related death, and increases in summertime temperature variability will increase that risk. The population of adults aged 65 and older, which is expected to continue to grow, has a higher-than-average risk of heat-related death. Children are particularly vulnerable to heat-related illness and death, as their bodies are less able to adapt to heat than adults, and they must rely on others to help keep them safe. People with certain diseases, such as cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses, are especially vulnerable to excessive heat exposure, as are the economically disadvantaged. Data also suggest a higher risk among non-Hispanic Blacks.”

Trent, CA Dept. of Health Services on Heat-Related (HR) Illness: “HR illness is described according to three stages of increasing severity:

Heat cramps. Mild and easy to treat, this level involves fevers generally under 102 degrees Fahrenheit.
Heat exhaustion: Involves fevers over 102 degrees Fahrenheit, often with vomiting, diarrhea, and fatigue.
Heat stroke: A severe and life-threatening failure of body’s ability to cool (e.g., sweating ceases), with fevers over 104 degrees Fahrenheit. Heat stroke can result in organ and neurologic damage and lead quickly to death.” (p. 3)

“Exertional heat stroke tends to occur among younger (under 50 years old), healthier persons who develop heat stroke after strenuous activity and inadequate hydration. The result is dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Exposures may involve work or recreational activities outdoors.

“Classic heat stroke tends to occur among persons who are older (over 50 years old), frail, and with chronic diseases. They may take medications, have psychological or cognitive problems, and live alone. They are assumed to have a compromised thermoregulatory response due to their age, illnesses, and medications. They generally are not in an air conditioned space when discovered with heat stroke symptoms or deceased.” (p. 5)

(Trent, Roger B., Ph.D. (CA Dept. of Health Services). Review of July 2006 Heat Wave Related Fatalities in California. Sacramento, CA: Epidemiology and Prevention for Injury Control Branch, California Department of Health Services, May 2007.)

Associated Press (Anita Snow and Kendria Lafleur), Mishmash of how US heat deaths are counted complicates efforts to keep people safe as Earth warms.” 8-13-2023:

“….Even when it seems obvious that extreme heat was a factor, death certificates don’t always reflect the role it played. Experts say a mishmash of ways more than 3,000 counties calculate heat deaths means we don’t really know how many people die in the U.S. each year because of high temperatures in an ever warming world.

“That imprecision harms efforts to better protect people from extreme heat because officials who set policies and fund programs can’t get the financial and other support needed to make a difference….Currently, about the only consistency in counting heat deaths in the U.S. is that officials and climate specialists acknowledge fatalities are grossly undercounted…

“ ‘It’s frustrating that for 90 years public health officials in the United States have not had a good picture of heat-related mortality because we have such a bad data system,’ said Dr. David Jones, a Harvard Medical School professor who also teaches in the epidemiology department at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

“There is no uniformity among who does the counting across U.S. jurisdictions. Death investigations in some places might be carried out by a medical examiner, typically a physician trained in forensic pathology. In other locales, the coroner could be an elected sheriff, such as the one in Orange County, California. In some small counties in Texas, a justice of peace might determine cause of death. Utah and Massachusetts are among states that do not track heat-related deaths where exposure to extreme heat was a secondary factor.

“The CDC, which is often several years behind in reporting, draws information on heat deaths from death certificate information included in local, state, tribal and territorial databases. The CDC said in a statement that coroners and others who fill out death certificates ‘are encouraged to report all causes of death,’ but they may not always associate those contributing causes to an extreme heat exposure death and include the diagnostic codes for heat illnesses.

“Hess, the Arizona coroner [Pima County medical examiner], said determining environmental heat was a factor in someone’s death is difficult and can take weeks or even months of investigation including toxicological tests. ‘If someone was shot in the head, it’s pretty obvious what happened there,’ Hess said. ‘But when you find a body in a hot apartment 48 hours after they died, there is a lot of ambiguity.’ Hess noted that Pima County this year began including heat-related deaths in its tally of environmental heat fatalities….”

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National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, Apple and Yucca Valleys, May 23-25, 2001 Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5243337

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National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, San Diego County Deserts, May 7-11, 2001. Accessed 11-8-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5243335

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, June 17, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5255888

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, July 4, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5258228

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, July 17-18, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5258229

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, July 21-24, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5258230

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, July 29-31, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5258234

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, Aug 1, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5264191

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook, Aug 6-8-2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5262730

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, St. Clair County, June 19, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5259041

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Iowa, Polk County, Aug 5, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5260764

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Louisiana, Caddo Parish, Aug 1, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5263187

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database, Heat, Maryland, Cecil County, Aug 6-10-2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5266694

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore (C), June 27-30, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5254763

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore (C), Aug 6-10, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5263688

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Michigan, Oakland County, Aug 6-9, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5263717

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Minnesota, Anoka, Aug 1, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5264280

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Minnesota, Southern St. Louis/Carlton, Aug 7-8, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5269064

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Minnesota, Yellow Medicine, Aug 4-8, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5267398

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Hinds County, July 12, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5257342

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Cape Girardeau, July 7-9, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5257594

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Christian County, Aug 1-9, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5266634

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Clay County, July 7-10, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5258475

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Dade County, July 17-31, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5266536

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Jackson, July 6-8-2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5258486

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Jackson County, July 17-24, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5258872

National Climatic Data Center NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Jasper County, Aug 1-9. 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5266642

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Pike County, July 7-10, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5258576

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Pike County, July 21-24, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5258787

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Charles County, July 7-10, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5258579

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis City, June 18, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5257971

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis City, July 7-10, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5258650

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis City, Aug 7-9, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5263028

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis City, Aug 12, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5263034

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis County, April 8-9, 2001. Accessed 11-8-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5243226

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis County, July 7-10, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5258649

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis County, July 21-24, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5258781

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Worth, Aug 1-5, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5265406

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Worth, Aug 9, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5264812

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Nebraska, Dodge County, July 28-31, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5258829

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Nevada, C Clark, June 29, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5256288

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, New Jersey, Burlington, Aug 6-10, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5266705

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, New Jersey, Gloucester, Aug 6-10, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5266712

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, New York, Kings (Brooklyn), Aug 8-10, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5265061

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, New York, New York (Manhattan), Aug 8-10, 2010. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5265059

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, North Carolina, Burke County, Aug 8, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5266769

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Pawnee County, July 16-26, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5260595

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Payne County, July 4-31, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5275947

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database, Heat, Pennsylvania, Chester County, Aug 6-10, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5266703

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, PA, Montgomery County, Aug 6-10, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5265973

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, June 26-30, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5253863

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, July 1, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5260076

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, July 9-10, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5260077

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, July 24-25, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5260683

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database, Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Aug 6-10, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5265974

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, June 11, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5263577

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, June 14, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5263578

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, June 27, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5263579

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, July 5, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5263580

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, July 7, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5263581

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, July 11, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5263582

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, July 12, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5263583

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, July 19, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5262771

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 1, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5262772

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 2, 2001. Accessed 11-1-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5262774

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 3, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5263591

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 5, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5263584

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 6, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5263590

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 8, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5263585

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 9, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5263586

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 12, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5262775

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 13, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5263587

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 14, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5263588

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 16, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5263589

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 22, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5262773

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, Chippewa County, July 20, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5262199

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, Juneau County, July 31, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5256711

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, Kenosha County, Aug 6-9, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5266609

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, La Crosse, July 31, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5256712

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, Manitowoc, July 31, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5262508

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, Milwaukee County, July 21-22, 2001. Accessed 11-9-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5259447

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, Milwaukee County, Aug 6-9, 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5266603

National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities. Accessed 9-1-2011 at: http://www.weather.gov/om/hazstats/heat01.pdf

National Weather Service Central Region Headquarters, Kansas City, MO. Summer Weather Safety. “Missouri Heat Related Deaths.” 7-15-2014 modification. Accessed 9-25-2015 at: http://www.crh.noaa.gov/Image/lsx/wcm/Heat/SummerWeatherSafetySummary.pdf

New York Post (Philip Messing). “No Charges in Tot Heat Death,” 8-18-2001. Accessed 11-13-2015 at: http://nypost.com/2001/08/18/no-charges-in-tot-heat-death/

New York Times (Jo Thomas). “Swath of U.S. Sweats out Another Heat Wave.” 8-4-2001. Accessed 11-12-2015 at: http://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/04/national/04HEAT.html

Northwest Florida Daily News. “Obituaries…Joseph S. Michalowski III.” 7-15-2001, p. B2. Accessed 11-12-2015: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=181993036&sterm

Null, Jan (Dept. of Meteorology & Climate Science, San Jose State University). Heatstroke Deaths of Children in Vehicles. Golden Gate Weather Services, 10-29-2015 update. Accessed 11-11-2015 at: http://noheatstroke.org/

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 300463965 – Jim C. Hamer Co.” Accident Search Results 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=300463965

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 303388540 – Quality Insulation, Inc.” Accident Search Results 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=303388540

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 304292386 – ABC Construction Company.” Accident Search Results 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=304292386

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 304292444 – George B Stone Company LLC.” Accident Search Results 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=304292444

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 304497712 – Federal Express Corporation.” Accident Search Results 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=304497712

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 304513930 – Tincher Concrete Construction, Inc.” Accident Search Results 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=304513930

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 304604804 – Minnesota Vikings Football Club LLC.” Accident Search Results 2001. Accessed 11-10-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=304604804

Officer Down Memorial Page. “ODMP Remembers…Detective David L. Taylor.” Accessed 11-8-2015 at: https://www.odmp.org/officer/15743-detective-david-l-taylor

Radio Iowa. “Cold temps cause more deaths than heat in Iowa.” 7-25-2005. Accessed 9-24-2015 at: http://www.radioiowa.com/2005/07/25/cold-temps-cause-more-deaths-than-heat-in-iowa/

Reuters. “Heat Wave Broils U.S. From Dakotas to East Coast,” 8-8-2001. Accessed 11-11-2015 at: http://www.heatisonline.org/contentserver/objecthandlers/index.cfm?id=3764&method=full

Salt Lake Tribune. “Utah wilderness therapy deaths.” 10-11-2007. Accessed 11-13-2015 at: http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_7139316

Seattle Times (Janet I. Tu). “Seattle man dies at Chicago marathon.” 10-8-2001. Accessed 11-8-2015 at: http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20011008&slug=marathon08m

State of Michigan Attorney General. “Former Director of Nursing Sentenced in Death of 4 Nursing Home Residents.” 3-22-2007. Accessed 11-12-2015 at: http://mi.gov/ag/0,1607,7-164-34739_34811-165115–,00.html

State of Wisconsin Department of Military Affairs, Division of Emergency Management. “Wisconsin Heat Awareness Day June 12, 2014” (Press Release). 6-4-2014. Accessed 9-2-2015 at: http://readywisconsin.wi.gov/heat/docs/HeatAwarenessDay2014Release.pdf

Thunderbird.org. “About Us.” 2009. Accessed 11-13-2015 at: http://www.thunderbird.org/about.php

Trent, Roger B., Ph.D. (CA Dept. of Health Services). Review of July 2006 Heat Wave Related Fatalities in California. Sacramento, CA: Epidemiology and Prevention for Injury Control Branch, California Department of Health Services, May 2007. Accessed 8-31-2015 at: https://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/injviosaf/Documents/HeatPlanAssessment-EPIC.pdf

WTHR 13, Indianapolis. “Indiana reports three heat-related deaths.” 7-25-2011. Accessed 11-12-2015 at: http://www.wthr.com/story/15141495/coroner-two-indianapolis-women-died-from-heat-exposure

[1] Cites the CDC: “According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ‘From 1979-2003, excessive heat exposure caused 8,015 deaths in the United States. During this period, more people in this country died from extreme heat than from hurricanes, lightning, tornadoes, floods, and earthquakes combined. In 2001, 300 deaths were caused by excessive heat exposure.’”

[2] CDC-Wonder results relate only to cases where hyperthermia was coded X30 as primary (direct) cause of death by a medical examiner on a death certificate. “Heat-related” deaths are viewed as those where heat was an indirect or contributing cause of death, and are not included. Even with what we would view as a direct X30 heat death we know that sometimes such deaths are coded as something else – such as a dehydration in the case of a child left in a hot car, or heart-failure brought on by a heat stroke, and thus do not show up in a exposure to excessive heat query. Also, CDC WONDER suppresses (does not show) fatality numbers in a State where the loss of life is less than 10. Notes population of 284,968,955.

[3] Same total on website of KidsAndCars.org, in National Statistics Chart in Heat Stoke by year column.

[4] Credits the Health Department’s Center for Health Statistics.

[5] Notes at p. 1 that “Data on the number and characteristics of deaths from heat due to weather conditions were obtained from the mortality database containing information from the death certificates filed with the Arizona Department of Health Services.” Further notes, same page, “In this report, the deaths from exposure to heat due to weather conditions are classified by ICD-9 for 1992-1999 and by ICD-10 for 2000-2009. In addition to death certificates where exposure to excessive natural heat was indicated as the underlying cause of death, heatstroke or sunstroke may be reported on death certificates as contributing factors that had a bearing on the death, but were not its underlying cause. For example, heatstroke and sunstroke were mentioned in 2003-2009 on 103 Arizona death certificates where atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (I25.0), respiratory disease (J449), diabetes (E149), or drug overdose/alcohol intoxication (X41–X44) were reported as the underlying cause of death. Those heat-related deaths are beyond the scope of this report.”

[6] CDC. “Heat-Related Mortality – Arizona, 1993-2002, and United States, 1969-2002.” MMWR, 54/25, 8-1-2005. A news article notes that the “director of a boot camp for troubled youths was convicted of manslaughter yesterday in the death of a 14-year old camper [Anthony Haynes] who collapsed in the triple-digit desert heat.” (Free Lance-Star, Fredericksburg, VA. “Boot-camp director convicted in heat death.” 1-4-2005, p. A2.)

[7] Table 1, “Characteristics of deaths from exposure to excessive natural heat…Arizona…1992-2009,” pp. 15-16.

[8] Maricopa Co. Dept. of Public Health. Heat-Associated Deaths in Maricopa County, AZ…. Dec 2011.

[9] Highlighted in yellow to indicate that we do not use in tally – using, instead, the Maricopa Co. DPH figure.

[10] “There have been between five and twenty-three deaths attributed to heat in Arkansas in every year since 2001.”

[11] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Arkansas, St. Francis County, July 13, 2001.

[12] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, Apple and Yucca Valleys, May 23-25, 2001.

[13] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, P W Riverside, June 22-30, 2001.

[14] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, San Diego County Deserts, May 7-11, 2001.

[15] Mercury News (Mark Emmons and Robert Salonga), CA. “San Jose police: Infant dies after dad forgets he was in car and went to work.” 4-17-2014. Article in Jan Null, Noheatstroke.org, and refers to a previous San Jose death.

[16] Northwest Florida Daily News. “Obituaries…Joseph S. Michalowski III.” 7-15-2001, p. B2.

[17] Florida Today (David Jones and Hillard Grossman). “Incoming Florida player dies.” USA Today, 8-1-2001.

[18] OSHA. “Inspection: 304513930 – Tincher Concrete Construction, Inc.” Accident Search Results 2001.

[19] OSHA. “Inspection: 303388540 – Quality Insulation, Inc.” Accident Search Results 2001.

[20] New York Times (Jo Thomas). “Swath of U.S. Sweats out Another Heat Wave.” 8-4-2001.

[21] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, June 17, 2001.

[22] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, July 4, 2001.

[23] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, July 17-18, 2001.

[24] Also: NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, July 21-24, 2001.

[25] A new report notes that John McGee, 44, died of a heatstroke in Chicago on July 21. (AP, Chicago, “Heat warnings continue in Chicago.” Mt. Carmel Daily Republican-Register, IL, 7-23-2001, p. 10.)

[26] “…drowned after suffering a heat stroke along the Lake Michigan shore in Chicago.” An AP report writes that “William Redmond, 58, apparently fell in Lake Michigan Saturday, and his temperature was 103 after he was pulled from the water…Cook County Medical Examiner’s office said Sunday.” AP, Chicago, “Heat warnings continue in Chicago.” Mt. Carmel Daily Republican-Register, IL, 7-23-2001, p. 10.

[27] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, July 29-31, 2001.

[28] Eichner, E. Randy, M.D. “SSE [Sports Science Exchange] #86: Heat Stroke in Sports: Causes, Prevention and Treatment. Sports Science Exchange, Vol. 15, No. 3, 2002; Seattle Times (Janet I. Tu). “Seattle man dies at Chicago marathon.” 10-8-2001.

[29] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, July 17-18, 2001.

[30] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, Aug 1, 2001.

[31] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, St. Clair County, June 19, 2001.

[32] Courtroom & Classroom. “High School Football Player’s Heat Stroke Death.” Feb 2007, p. 1.

[33] Credits Marion County Health Department for data in the article.

[34] Cites Iowa Department of Public Health spokesman Kevin Teale for the figure of five heat-related deaths in 2001.

[35] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Iowa, Polk County, Aug 5, 2001.

[36] OSHA. “Inspection: 304292444 – George B Stone Company LLC.” Accident Search Results 2001.

[37] OSHA. “Inspection: 304292386 – ABC Construction Company.” Accident Search Results 2001.

[38] Age is from: Reuters. “Heat Wave Broils U.S. From Dakotas to East Coast,” 8-8-2001,” at weather.com.

[39] From Table: “Heat Stress: Deaths, Louisiana, 1999-2010.” Following pages break fatalities out by 9 LA Regions.

[40] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Louisiana, Caddo, Aug 1, 2001. Writes: “The house was excessively hot and two box fans were running, but an air conditioner was turned off and not used, because she could not afford the cost of electricity.”

[41] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore/ Baltimore (C), June 27-30, 2001.

[42] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore/ Baltimore (C), Aug 6-10, 2001.

[43] “The case presented by the Attorney General’s Health Care Fraud Division alleged that in June 2001, Defendants failed to ensure the residents’ safety in hazardous temperature levels, failed to adequately monitor and assess the condition of residents, failed to initiate evacuation procedures, and allowed internal body temperatures of some residents to escalate as high as 107°. The investigation revealed that the facility’s air conditioning system was not functioning, the facility’s windows did not open, and there was a lack of fans for residents to use when temperatures in Detroit reached 87° F on June 13, 89° F on June 14, and 90° F on June 15, 2001. On June 14, 2001, several of the nursing home’s seriously ill residents identified as being ‘at risk for dehydration’ began experiencing life-threatening problems as a result of the high temperatures. One resident who was found unconscious with no vital signs and a temperature of 107° F was prescribed Tylenol and transferred to the hospital. The medical examiner concluded that the death was caused by prolonged exposure to excessive heat….” (State of Michigan Attorney General. “Former Director of Nursing Sentenced in Death of 4 Nursing Home Residents.” 3-22-2007.)

[44] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Michigan, Oakland County, Aug 6-9, 2001.

[45] There is no date, but the tables in the document are for 2000 to 2014 (May-September). We thus assume 2015. Notes: “Deaths due explicitly to heat only, in Minnesota.”

[46] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Minnesota, Yellow Medicine, Aug 4-8, 2001.

[47] Had a body temperature of 108F upon arrival at a hospital; died morning of August 2, “due to complications from heatstroke.” (Murray, Bill. “Killer Heat,” Alabama WX Weather Blog, 8-1-2008.) Also: NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Minnesota, Anoka, Aug 1, 2001; and OSHA, “Minnesota Vikings Football Club LLC.”

[48] Gaston Gazette, Gastonia, NC. “Police: Child left in car, mother charged.” 7-13-2001, p. A1.

[49] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Minnesota, Southern St. Louis/Carlton, Aug 7-8, 2001.

[50] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Hinds County, July 12, 2001.

[51] Cites as source: Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS).

[52] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Cape Girardeau, July 7-9, 2001.

[53] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Christian County, Aug 1-9, 2001.

[54] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Dade County, July 17-31, 2001.

[55] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Jackson County, July 6-8-2001.

[56] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Jackson County, July 17-24, 2001.

[57] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Jasper County, Aug 1-9. 2001.

[58] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Worth, Aug 1-5, 2001. Notes: “Three males and one female died in the Kansas City Metropolitan area.”

[59] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Clay County, July 7-10, 2001.

[60] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Pike County, July 21-24, 2001. Location in Bowling Green from: Daily Herald, Chicago. Editorial, “When it’s hot outside, don’t leave kids in cars.” 8-7-2001, p. 6.

[61] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Charles County, July 7-10, 2001.

[62] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis County, April 8-9, 2001.

[63] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis County, July 7-10, 2001.

[64] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis City, June 18, 2001.

[65] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis City, July 7-10, 2001.

[66] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis County, July 21-24, 2001.

[67] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis City, Aug 7-9, 2001.

[68] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis City, Aug 12, 2001. Notes the children accidentally locked themselves in the car on day with high outdoor temp. of 89° and temp. in the car of at least 114°.

[69] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Nebraska, Dodge County, July 28-31, 2001.

[70] Las Vegas Sun (Ed Koch). “Deadly lapse of memory.” 10-4-2005.

[71] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Nevada, C Clark, June 29, 2001. A news report has the age of the victim, Nicolas Alexander Christensen, as 6 months, noted the boy died of heat stroke in the back seat of his mother’s car while she was at work, having forgotten to drop him off with a babysitter. (Las Vegas Sun (Ed Koch). “Deadly lapse of memory.” 10-4-2005.)

[72] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, New Jersey, Burlington, Aug 6-10, 2001.

[73] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, New Jersey, Gloucester, Aug 6-10, 2001.

[74] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, New York, Kings (Brooklyn), Aug 8-10, 2001.

[75] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, New York, New York (Manhattan), Aug 8-10, 2010.

[76] New York Post (Philip Messing). “No Charges in Tot Heat Death,” 8-18-2001.

[77] From Figure 1, “No. Heat-Related Deaths.”

[78] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, North Carolina, Burke County, Aug 8, 2001.

[79] AP, Camp LeJeune. “Navy sailor dies of heat-related injury.” Gaston Gazette, Gastonia, NC, 8-1-2001. Notes the heat stroke occurred July 19. Victim died at the Naval Medical Center in Portsmouth, VA.

[80] AP, Charlotte. “Advocates fear parents may use car seats incorrectly after death.” Gaston Gazette, 7-31-2001, 5B.

[81] Was “attempting to test surveillance equipment…in 100 degree temperatures.” Officer Down Memorial Page. “ODMP Remembers…Detective David L. Taylor.”

[82] Associated Press. “Two heat-related deaths reported.” Star Beacon, Ashtabula, OH. 8-5-2001, p. A6.

[83] Associated Press. “Two heat-related deaths reported.” Star Beacon, Ashtabula, OH. 8-5-2001, p. A6. Notes that this death and that of Mr. Buck were “the first heat-related deaths reported in the city this year.” Also notes “Both victims had temperatures of 106 degrees or higher….”

[84] From Figure 1. “Heat-Related Deaths by Year, Oklahoma, 1990-2001.” Deaths in Figure 1 are denoted by a horizontal bar, against backdrop of horizontal lines in increments of five. The precise number of deaths is not given, thus one has to make an educated guess in looking at the Figure and contrasting one bar against others. The year 1990 seems quite clearly to show eleven deaths and the bar for 2001, in the 10-15 deaths range, seems quite clearly to be three times the increment above 10 shown in the 1990 bar. Thus 13.

[85] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, July 4-31, 2001.

[86] Died after exercising in hot weather. (Salt Lake Tribune. “Utah wilderness therapy deaths.” 10-11-2007.) According to Academy’s website, it is a “Nationally recognized program offered through the National Guard and the Oklahoma Military Department” whole mission is “To intervene in the lives of Oklahoma’s High School Dropouts to affect a positive change in those youth…” (Thunderbird.org. “About Us.” 2009.)

[87] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, July 4-31, 2001; CDC. “Heat-Related Deaths – Four States, July-August 2001 and United States, 1979-1999.” “Case 2.” Notes police found the body and that death was attributed to hyperthermia.

[88] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, July 4-31, 2001.

[89] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, July 4-31, 2001; CDC. “Heat-Related Deaths – Four States, July-August 2001 and United States, 1979-1999.” “Case 1.” Notes the “medical examiner attributed the cause of death to heat-related illness.:

[90] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, July 4-31, 2001.

[91] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, July 4-31, 2001.

[92] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, July 4-31, 2001.

[93] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Pawnee County, July 16-26, 2001.

[94] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Payne County, July 4-31, 2001.

[95] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Montgomery County, Aug 6-10, 2001.

[96] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, June 26-30, 2001.

[97] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, July 1, 2001.

[98] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, July 9-10, 2001.

[99] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, July 24-25, 2001.

[100] OSHA. “Inspection: 304497712 – Federal Express Corporation.” Accident Search Results 2001.

[101] KTVT-TV, Dallas. “Baby Dies in Car After Mother Says She Forgot Him.” 3-26-2001, accessed at: Snopes.com. “The Unlovin’ Oven.”

[102] Gaston Gazette, Gastonia, NC. “Police: Child left in car, mother charged.” 7-13-2001, p. A1.

[103] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, June 11, 2001.

[104] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, June 14, 2001.

[105] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, June 27, 2001.

[106] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, July 5, 2001.

[107] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, July 7, 2001.

[108] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, July 11, 2001.

[109] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, July 12, 2001.

[110] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, July 19, 2001.

[111] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 1, 2001.

[112] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 2, 2001.

[113] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 3, 2001.

[114] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 5, 2001.

[115] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 6, 2001.

[116] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 8, 2001.

[117] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 9, 2001.

[118] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 12, 2001.

[119] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 13, 2001.

[120] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 14, 2001.

[121] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 16, 2001.

[122] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 22, 2001.

[123] Location not noted. CDC. “Heat-Related Deaths – Four States, July-August 2001 and United States, 1979-1999.”

[124] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, Chippewa County, July 20, 2001. Notes that victim collapsed shortly after getting his boat to shore on Lake Stanley, on day when heat index was in low 90s. His body temperature was measured at 108 degrees when he was taken to a hospital.

[125] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, Juneau County, July 31, 2001.

[126] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, Kenosha County, Aug 6-9, 2001.

[127] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, La Crosse, July 31, 2001.

[128] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, Manitowoc, July 31, 2001.

[129] New York Times (Jo Thomas). “Swath of U.S. Sweats out Another Heat Wave.” 8-4-2001.

[130] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, Milwaukee County, July 21-22, 2001.

[131] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, Milwaukee County, Aug 6-9, 2001.

[132] Cites IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change). 2014.