12 –304-358

lornajarrettblanchard August 1, 1856

–304-358 Blanchard tally based on State breakouts below.

— 285 Keating. A History of the Yellow Fever Epidemic… 1879, p. 101.

— 285 Sternberg. “Yellow Fever: History and Geographic Distribution.” 1908, p. 719.

— 285 US Marine-Hospital Service. Annual Report…Fiscal Year 1895. 1896, 438.

Florida ( 1) July

–1 Key West, July 27, Major Frazier. Daily Sentinel Indianapolis, IN 8-16-1856, p. 3, col. 5.

Louisiana ( 74)

–74 New Orleans Carrigan 1961, p. 118; Keating 1879, p. 101;

–74 “ New Orleans Public Library. Yellow Fever Deaths in [N.O.]…

–74 “ Sternberg 1908, 719; US M-HS 1896, 438.

New York ( 16) Aug-Sep

–16 New York, Brooklyn and Governors Isl. Blanchard tally of locality/date breakouts below.

— 1 “ “ New Utrecht, Sep 16. Daily State Gazette, Burlington, IA, 9-17-1856, 5.

— 1 “ “ Sep 19. Daily Ledger, New Albany, IN. 9-20-1856, p. 3, col. 2.

— 5 “ “ Sep 22-28. NYT, “Mortality in Brooklyn…Last Week, Sep 29, 1856.”

–1 “ “ Sep 26. Burlington Daily Hawk Eye, IA. 9-27-1856.

— 8 “ Governors Island (troops). Wheeling Daily Intelligencer, WV. 9-1-1856, p. 3.

— 1 “ Military Hosp., Sep 9. Alton Weekly Courier, IL. 9-19-1856, p. 4.

–1 Brooklyn, Fort Hamilton. Frederick Shultetas, NYT. “Fort Hamilton Relief Society’s Rpt.”

–4 New Utrecht, Long Isl. Griswold. “The Epidemic Yellow Fever of 1856, at Bay Ridge…”[1]

South Carolina (212-266) Aug-Sep

–266 Charleston New York Times, “The Yellow Fever,” December 3, 1871.

–212 “ Charleston Ct. on Health and Drainage. Report of… 1856, p27.

–211 “ Keating 1879, 101; Sternberg 1908, 719; US M-HS 1896, 438.

–24 “ Sep 19-25 Daily Ledger, New Albany, IN. 9-26-1856, p. 3, col. 2.

Narrative Information

New York — Brooklyn, Long Island, especially Griswold, Fort Hamilton, Bay Ridge

Griswold on Fort Hamilton and Bay Ridge Long Island: “Over the district known under the name of Bay Ridge, Yellow Hook and Fort Hamilton, in the town of New Utrecht, there are scattered a great number of stagnant ponds….During the month of July 1856…yellow fever began to be developed. The fleet of ships lying at Quarantine, directly opposite where the first cases occurred, drew public attention to them as the cause…The communication of the yellow-fever poison or malaria was unquestionably from bedding and refuse matter thrown from infected vessels, and allowed to float or be hauled upon our shore to lie and dry in the hot sun….

“Of thirty-six cases of fever, for which I prescribed between the 25^th of July and the 26^th of August, but four were fatal….” (pp. 216-217)

Sep 29, NYT: “Considerable excitement has prevailed in Brooklyn for several days past about the yellow fever, but without any other real cause than may be found in the fact that the boundaries of the infected district have been gradually enlarged, and now embrace almost the whole waterfront from Fort Hamilton to within a block of Fulton Ferry. Its appearance in Furman-street and the lower end of Joralemon-street, and in Willow place, a few days since, was the signal for a regular stampede, and probably not less than fifty families moved from the infected district yesterday. Most of the houses on the streets above named have been vacated, and the disease must die out very soon for want of material to feed upon…

“The newly-infected district is directly under the well-known ‘Brooklyn Heights,’ and adjoining them on the south….there have been several deaths there by yellow fever….

“The disease is, in fact, disappearing from Gowanus, Red Hook, Yellow Hook and Fort Hamilton; and cold weather is near enough to prevent its spreading much further the present season.” (New York Times. “Long Island. The Yellow Fever in Kings County.” 9-29-1855.)

South Carolina — Charleston

Charleston SC Committee on Health: “Up to the 27^th of June, there was still no sickness… On the 27^th, the bark Balear arrived, after a passage of seven days, from Havana, in ballast, with a crew of 17 men, one of whom was sick with fever. Three others of the crew were taken sick at the Quarantine ground, on board the vessel, two of whom were sent to the Lazaretto [hospital/pest house[2]], where they died, and one died before he could be removed. This vessel never came to the city but proceeded to sea from Quarantine.

“On the 8^th of July, the Active arrived from Havana, in ballast, after a passage of five days, with eleven men on board, all of whom were well. On the 10^th, one man was taken to the Lazaretto, and on the 14^th, another, both with fever, and both of whom died. The vessel never came to the City….

“On the 13^th, the bark Industria, arrived, in five days from Havana…and a crew of 20 men. On the 14^th, a passenger was sent from her to the Lazaretto, where he died on the 17^th; and on the 16^th, three men were sent, all of whom recovered. On the 23^rd, two others were sent down, both of whom died, one on the same day and one on the 26^th. This vessel went to sea without ever having come up to the City….

“On the 6^th August, Michael Denning was sent from the City to the Lazaretto, and he died on the 8^th. He resided on East Bay, near Pinkney street; was taken ill July 31^st, and sent to the Roper Hospital, where it was ascertained that he had been loading the bark Industria at Quarantine, the vessel from which so many sick had gone to the Lazaretto, and he was ordered by the Mayor to the Lazaretto, where he died August 7^th.

“On the 13^th August, the steamer George’s Creek, with an assorted cargo…arrived from Baltimore, having two men sick on board. The vessel was allowed to come up to the City, as the cases were reported to the Pilot as broken bone fever. But, upon an application being made for permits for the men to enter the Marine Hospital, the vessel was visited by the Mayor and Port Physician, who ordered her to the Quarantine ground, and the men to the Lazaretto. One of these men died of yellow fever…

“On the 14^th August, two men were sent to the Lazaretto from the Marine Hospital. These men were sent to the Hospital from the schooner George A. Tittle; one died on the 16^th August with yellow fever, and the other recovered. These men, at the time of their seizure, were in Ashley river where the vessel was loading lumber. She had come previously from a Northern Port, and had been at Central wharf, before she hauled round to Ashley river. As soon as it was discovered that cases of yellow fever were occurring on board, she was sent to the Quarantine by order of the Mayor.

“On the 17^th August, a man was taken to the Lazaretto from the brig Venus; he died on the 19^th….

“On the 26^th, a man was carried down to the Lazaretto from the ship Royal Victoria, where he died on the 29^th….[also] On the 26^th, a man was sent to the Lazaretto, from the cutter Wm. Aiken, where he died on the 4^th September….” (pp. 1-5.)

[Goes into descriptions of the cases of citizens who contracted yellow fever.” “The largest number were from Ashley river and the immediate neighborhood….the next largest number was on or near the wharves….As the disease continued it became more generally disseminated, but evidently taking root more deeply and spreading more extensively in the Eastern than in the Western districts of the City, while the central portions were comparatively exempt….” (p. 21.)

Aug 13 (Baltimore) report: “The Charleston Board of Health reports another death from yellow fever and the existence of three cases in the Hospital and three in the city at large.” (Janesville Free Press, WI. 8-13-1856, p. 8, col. 5.)

Aug 24: “Columbia, S.C., Aug. 24. Private dispatches received here to-day from Charleston, report a large increase in the number of yellow fever cases in that city.” (Daily Tribune, New Albany, IN. 8-27-1855, p. 3, col. 3.)

Sources

Alton Weekly Courier, IL. “New York, September 10.” 9-19-1855, p. 4, col. 1. Accessed 4-23-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/alton-weekly-courier-sep-19-1856-p-4/

Burlington Daily Hawk Eye, IA. [Yellow Fever, Brooklyn] 9-27-1856, p. 3, col. 4. Accessed 4-23-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/burlington-daily-hawk-eye-and-telegraph-sep-27-1856-p-3/

Carrigan, Jo Ann. The Saffron Scourge: A History of Yellow Fever in Louisiana, 1796-1905 (Doctoral Dissertation). Louisiana State University, LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses, 1961. Accessed 3-11-2018 at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1665&context=gradschool_disstheses

Charleston Committee on Health and Drainage. Report of the Committee on Health and Drainage, on the Origin and Diffusion of Yellow Fever in Charleston in the Autumn of 1856, to the City Council of Charleston. A. B. Miller, 1856, 38 pages. Accessed 4-22-2018 at: https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/ext/mhl/65020630R/PDF/65020630R.pdf

Daily Ledger, New Albany, IN. “New York, Sept. 19.” 9-20-1856, p. 3, col. 2. Accessed 4-23-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/new-albany-daily-ledger-sep-20-1856-p-3/

Daily Ledger, New Albany, IN. [Yellow Fever, Charleston SC] 9-26-1855, p. 3, col. 2. Accessed 4-23-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/new-albany-daily-ledger-sep-26-1856-p-3/

Daily Sentinel Indianapolis, IN. “From Charleston,” 8-16-1856, p. 3, col. 5. Accessed 4-23-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/indianapolis-daily-state-sentinel-aug-16-1856-p-3/

Daily State Gazette, Burlington, IA. “New York, Sept. 16.” 9-17-1856, p. 5, col. 3. Accessed 4-23-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/burlington-daily-iowa-state-gazette-sep-17-1856-p-5/

Daily Tribune, New Albany, IN. [Yellow Fever, Charleston] 8-27-1855, p. 3, col. 3. Accessed 4-22-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/new-albany-daily-tribune-aug-26-1856-p-3/

Griswold, C. D., MD. “The Epidemic Yellow Fever of 1856, at Bay Ridge and Fort Hamilton, L.I., With its Predisposing and Exciting Causes.” Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, Vol. 58, 1858, pp. 214-218. Google preview accessed 4-22-2018 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=xMQEAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Janesville Free Press, WI. [Yellow Fever, Charleston] 8-13-1856, p. 8, col. 5. Accessed 4-22-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/janesville-free-press-aug-13-1856-p-8/

Keating, J. M. A History of the Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1878 in Memphis, Tenn. Memphis, TN: Howard Association, 1879. Google preview accessed 3-16-2018 at: http://books.google.com/books?id=WEIJAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

New Orleans Public Library, Louisiana Division. Yellow Fever Deaths in New Orleans, 1817-1905. Accessed 3-7-2010 at: http://nutrias.org/facts/feverdeaths.htm

New York Times. “Fort Hamilton Relief Society’s Report.” 9-29-1856. Accessed 4-22-2018 at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1856/09/29/77060221.pdf

New York Times. “Long Island. The Yellow Fever in Kings County.” 9-29-1855. Accessed 4-22-2018 at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1856/09/29/77060221.pdf

New York Times. “Mortality in Brooklyn During the Last Week, September 29, 1856.” At: http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9D07E5DF1039E134BC4151DFBF66838D649FDE

New York Times. “The Yellow Fever – Total Number of Cases and Deaths in Charleston This Season” (from the Charleston News, November 28, 1871). December 3, 1871. Accessed at: http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9E06EFDA1639EF34BC4B53DFB467838A669FDE

Sternberg, George M. (US Public Health Service, US Marine Hospital Service). “Yellow Fever: History and Geographic Distribution.” Pages 715-722 in Stedman, Thomas L., M.D. (Ed.) Appendix to the Reference Handbook of the Medical Sciences. NY: William Wood & Co., 1908. Google preview accessed 3-18-2018 at: http://books.google.com/books?id=3ezqX415M5wC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false

United States Marine-Hospital Service, Treasury Department. Annual Report of the Supervising Surgeon-General of the Marine-Hospital Service of the United States for the Fiscal Year 1895 (Document No. 1811). Washington, DC: GPO, 1896. Google preview accessed 3-16-2018 at: http://books.google.com/books?id=aTnxAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false

Wheeling Daily Intelligencer, WV. “Yellow Fever.” 9-1-1856, p. 3, col. 4. Accessed 4-23-2018 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/wheeling-daily-intelligencer-sep-01-1856-p-3/

[1] Since New Utrecht is in Brooklyn, which is in the southwestern tip of Long Island, the Griswold and NYT-noted deaths are probably one and the same.

[2] A pest house was a place or hospital for people suffering from a disease thought to be infectious.