1860 — Typhoid Fever, 38 Census “Registration” States and District of Columbia –19,236

lornajarrettblanchard January 1, 1860

–19,236 US Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, p. 4.[1]

–19,236 US Census Office. Ninth Census – Volume II…Vital Statistics… 1872, p. xvii.

–19,169 US Census. Report…Mortality…Tenth Census (June 1, 1880)…Part II. 1886. xxxii[2]

— 836 Alabama. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 34.[3]

— 599 Arkansas. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 37.

— 114 California. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 40.

— 216 Connecticut. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 10.

— 56 Delaware. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 23.

— 0 Dakota Territory. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 41.

— 43 District of Columbia. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 25.

— 88 Florida. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 33.

— 887 Georgia. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 32.

–1,183 Illinois. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 20.

— 963 Indiana. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 19.

— 413 Iowa. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 21.

— 112 Kansas. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 22.

— 896 Kentucky. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 28.

— 558 Louisiana. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 46.

— 434 Maine. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 5.[4]

— 255 Maryland. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 24.

— 700 Massachusetts. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 8.

— 327 Michigan. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 12.

— 37 Minnesota. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 14.

— 808 Mississippi. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 35.[5]

–1,056 Missouri. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 30.

— 18 Nebraska. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 15.

— 239 New Hampshire. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 6.[6]

— 159 New Jersey. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 16.

— 192 New Mexico. Census. Mortality Statistics…1860. p. 42. Leading cause of NM deaths.

–1,021 New York. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 11.

–1,009 North Carolina. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 27.

–1,038 Ohio. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 18.

— 16 Oregon. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 39.

–1,344 Pennsylvania. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 17.[7]

— 66 Rhode Island. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 9.

— 665 South Carolina. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 31.

— 918 Tennessee. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 29.

— 702 Texas. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 38.[8]

— 8 Utah. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 43.

— 210 Vermont. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 7.

–1,036 Virginia. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 26.

— 0 Washington. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 41.

— 262 Wisconsin. Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. 1866, 13.

Sources

United States Bureau of the Census, Department of the Interior. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. In: Statistics of The United States (Including Mortality, Property, &c.,) in 1860; Compiled from…The Eighth Census, under the Direction of the Secretary of the Interior. Washington: GPO, 1866. Accessed at: http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html )

United States Census Office, Department of Interior. Ninth Census – Volume II. The Vital Statistics of the United States, Embracing The Tables of Deaths, Births, Sex, and Age. Washington: GPO, 1872. Google digitized at: http://books.google.com/books?id=GssqAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

United States Census Office, Department of the Interior. Preliminary Report on The Eighth Census, 1860 (Ex. Doc. No. 116, House of Representatives, 37^th Congress, 2^nd Session). Washington: GPO, 1862. Google digitized at: http://books.google.com/books?id=R08UAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

United States Census Office, Department of the Interior. Report on the Mortality and Vital Statistics of the United States as Returned at the Tenth Census (June 1, 1880)…Part II. Washington: GPO, 1886. Google digitized at: http://books.google.com/books?id=wfNYAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

[1] Was the fourth leading reported cause of death in the “Registration” area in 1860, behind “consumption” (tuberculosis), Pneumonia, and Scarlet Fever. One should note, though, that there were 4,550 “intermittent” fever deaths and 11,120 “remittent” fever deaths. In the Walter Reed Commission report on typhoid fever in U.S. military camps in 1898 he and his co-authors write that many in the medical profession misdiagnosed typhoid as intermittent or remittent fever, as well as other maladies. (US Bureau of the Census. Mortality Statistics. Year Ending June 1, 1860. In: Statistics of The United States (Including Mortality, Property, &c.,) in 1860… Washington: 1866.)

[2] Under heading of “Enteric or Typhoid Fever,” notes 48.8 deaths per 1,000 for 1860. Deaths in “registration” states in 1860 were 392,821 (US Census. Preliminary Report on the Eighth Census, 1860. 1862, p. 23)/

[3] Second leading cause of death for the year, behind pneumonia, at 1,377.

[4] Second leading cause of death for the year, behind consumption (tuberculosis).

[5] Second leading cause of death for the year, behind pneumonia, at 1,540.

[6] Third leading cause of death for the year, behind consumption (tuberculosis) (1,163), and old age (290).

[7] Third leading cause of death for the year, behind consumption (tuberculosis) and scarlatina (scarlet fever).

[8] Second known leading cause of death for the year, behind pneumonia, at 964.