1.5K, Chicago, Detroit, Boston –10,275-10,467

lornajarrettblanchard January 1, 1854

–10,275-10,467 B. Wayne Blanchard tabulation[1] based on State and locality totals below.[2]

Summary of State Breakouts Below

Connecticut ( 141 – 151) Especially Hartford

District of Columbia ( 3)

Georgia ( 50)

Illinois ( 1,465) Especially Chicago (1,424)

Indiana ( 12)

Kansas ( >10)

Kentucky ( 70)

Louisiana ( >227) Especially New Orleans (>204)

Maryland ( 102)

Massachusetts ( 650) Especially Boston (650)

Michigan ( ~1,013) Especially Detroit (~1,000)

Minnesota ( 2)

Missouri (1,774-1784) Especially St. Louis (1,534)

New Hampshire ( 3)

New Jersey ( 24)

New York ( 2,819) Especially New York City (2,509)

Ohio ( >272) Especially Toledo and Cincinnati

Pennsylvania (1,008-1,155) Esp. Pittsburgh/~750, Columbia/127, Philadelphia/~100

Rhode Island ( 2)

Tennessee: ( 155) Especially Nashville

Virginia ( 300 – 325) Especially Richmond, Blue Ridge Tunnel and Scottsville

West Virginia ( 120) Especially Wheeling

Wisconsin ( >49)

Maritime ( >4)

Breakout of 1854 Cholera Fatalities by State (and locality where we have sources):

Connecticut (141-151)

–80-90 Hartford, Aug-Sep. CT Med. Soc. Proceedings…63^rd An. Conv.…May, 1855, p. 35-36.[3]

— 61 New Haven, Jan-Sep. CT Med. Soc. Proceedings…63^rd An. Conv.…May, 1855, p. 81.

District of Columbia ( 3)

— 1 Washington, June 27. Janesville Gazette, WI. “Cholera in Washington.” 7-1-1854, 4.

— 2 Washington,[4] Sep Alton Weekly Courier, IL. [Cholera in D.C.] Sep 28, 1854, 3

Georgia ( 50)

— 50 Burke County. July 30 dateline. White River Standard, Bedford, IN. 8-10-1854, p. 1.

— 1 Savannah, July 20. NYT. “Death of a Catholic Bishop by Cholera at Savannah.” 9-22-1854.

Illinois (1,465) Especially Chicago (1,424)

–1,465 Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.

— 9 Bloomington & vic. Custer. “The Roll of…Dead…Asiatic Cholera…Illinois” 1929.[5]

–1,424 Chicago. Andreas, A. T. History of Chicago…Volume I… 1884, p. 157.

–1,424 “ Chicago Historical Society. “Epidemics.” Encyclopedia of Chicago

–1,424 “ Apr-Nov McClellan. “A History of the…Cholera…America.” 1875, 636.

–<900 “ Childs, Emery E. A History of the United States… 1886, p. 141.

— 112 “ June Daily Gazette, Janesville, WI. 7-13-1854, p. 1, col. 3.

— 1 Galena, Jun 30. Janesville Daily Gazette, Janesville, WI. “Outrage.” 7-1-1854, 1.

— 4 Long Point, Sep. Custer. “The Roll of…Dead…Asiatic Cholera…Illinois” 1929.

— 3 Moline mid Sep Sheboygan Lake Journal, WI. “Death of a Family.” 9-20-1854, 2.

— 13 Rutland area, LaSalle County, Aug 5-10. Especially Aaron Daniels family.[6]

— 8 Selma, Oct 1-9. Custer. “The Roll of…Dead…Asiatic Cholera…Illinois” 1929.

— 3 Stout’s Grove. Custer. “The Roll of…Dead…Asiatic Cholera…Illinois” 1929.

Indiana ( 12)

— 3 Bedford, Trimble Co., New Albany Daily Tribune, IN. 7-14-1854, p. 3, col. 1.[7]

— 1 Indianapolis, Jul 22. Bloomington News Letter, IN. “Cholera in Indianapolis.” 7-29-1854, 2

— 4 Lafayette, Jul 23. New Albany Daily Tribune, IN. 7-28-1854, p. 3, col. 1. [all emigrants]

— 1 Laporte, Laporte Co., late Jun. NY Daily Times. “Moral and Religious.” 7-1-1854, p3, col. 3

— 3 NW Mercer County. New Albany Daily Tribune, IN. 7-14-1854, p. 3, col. 1.[8]

Kansas ( >10)

— >3 Atchison, by Jun 4. Mormon Pioneer Overland Travel, 1847-1868. Cpt. Blair group.[9]

— 6-8 Westport, by Jun 30. Bloomington News-Letter, IN. “Cholera…” 7-8-1854, 2.

—>10 “ John Johnson Davies diary, in Merrill Mattes, Platte River Road Narratives.[10]

Kentucky ( 70)

— 12 Bowling Green, Jun 30-Jul 5. Mount Carmel Register, IL. 7-5-1854, p. 3, col. 2.

— 4 Hickman, by Jul 10. New Albany Daily Tribune, IN. 7-11-1854, p. 3, col. 1.

— 4 Louisville, Oct 28. New Albany Daily Tribune, IN. “Cholera in Louisville.” 10-30-1854, 3

— 10 Shelbyville, Jun 30-Jul 5. Mount Carmel Register, IL. 7-5-1854, p. 3, col. 2.

–<40 Shepherdsville, Courier Journal, Louisville. “Bullitt Memories: Cholera in the 1800s.” 6-20-2015.

Louisiana ( >227) Especially New Orleans (>204)

— 23 Landers Plantation. Daily Free Democrat, Milwaukee. “Telegraphic News.” 7-3-1854, 3.

–>200 New Orleans (1 week, May)[11] McClellan. “A History of the…Cholera…” 1875, p.636.

— 4 “ June 18-24. Kenosha Telegraph, WI. “News by Lightning.” 7-7-1854, p. 1.

Maryland ( 102)

— 40 Baltimore, July. Lyons, “Cholera Comes…Blue Ridge Tunnel.” Crozet Gazette. 9-7-2010.

— 8 “ Aug 1 rpt. White River Standard, Bedford, IN. 8-10-1854, p. 1.

— 20 “ Sep 12 rpt. New York Daily Times. “Mortality in Baltimore,” 9-12-1854, p. 8.

— 7 “ Sep 15. New York Daily Times. “The Cholera at Columbia…” 9-16-1854, 8.

— 8 Baltimore Alms House. Republican Compiler, Gettysburg. “Progress of…” 7-31-1854, 4.

— 1 “ “ “ Jul 31. NY Daily Times. “Cholera at Baltimore.” 8-1-1854, p. 1.

— 8 “ “ “ Aug 1. NYT. “Cholera in Baltimore and Virginia.” 8-3-1854.

— 2 “ “ “ Aug 2. NYT. “Cholera in Baltimore and Virginia.” 8-3-1854.

— 23 “ “ “ up to Aug 2. NYT. “Cholera in Baltimore and Virginia.” 8-3-1854.

— 12 Cumberland McClellan. “A History of the…Cholera…America.” 1875, 638.

— ? Williamsport McClellan. “A History of the…Cholera…America.” 1875, 638.

Massachusetts ( 650) Especially Boston

— 650 Boston, Summer Childs, Emery E. A History of the United States… 1886, p. 141.

–172 “ July 23-29. Nashville Union and American, TN. 8-4-1854, p. 2.[12]

— 12 “ Aug 27-Sep 2. New York Times. “Mortality in Boston.” 9-4-1854.

— 3 Chelsea, July 2-3. Weekly Wisconsin, Madison. “Telegraph Report.” 7-5-1854, p. 7.

Michigan (~1,013) Especially Detroit (~1,000)

— 13 Ann Arbor[13] McClellan. “A History of the…Cholera…America.” 1875, p. 636.

— ~1,000 Detroit[14] McClellan. “A History of the…Cholera…America.” 1875, p. 636.

Minnesota ( 2)

— 2 St. Paul, Jun 16. Janesville Gazette, WI. “Cholera at St. Paul.” 7-1-1854, p. 4.[15]

Missouri (1,774-1784) Especially St. Louis (1,534)

— ~200 Hermann, by Jul 14. Republican Compiler, Gettysburg PA. “Progress…7-31-1854, 4.[16]

–40-50 Independence, up to Jun 30. Bloomington News-Letter, IN. “Cholera…” 7-8-1854, 2.

–1,534 St. Louis, the year. Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47

–1,534 “ “ Peters. “General History of the Disease…up to 1885,” 1885, p. 31.

— 1 “ Jan Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47

— 2 “ Feb Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47

— 10 “ Mar Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47

— 91 “ Apr Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47

— 190 “ May Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47

— 479 “ Jun Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47

— 207 “ Jun 19-24. Adams Sentinel, Gettysburg, PA. “Great Mortality.” 7-10-1854, 4

— 533 “ Jul Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47

— 216 “ Jul 3-10. Alton Weekly Courier, IL. [Cholera, St. Louis] 7-13-1854, p. 2.

— 136 “ Aug Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47

— 55 “ Sep Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47

— 20 “ Oct Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47

— 4 “ Nov Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47

— 13 “ Dec Moore. “Notes Upon the History of Cholera in St. Louis.” 1855, 47

New Hampshire ( 3)

— 3 Manchester, by Jul 25. NY Daily Times. “Cholera in Manchester, N.H.” 7-26-1854, p. 1.

New Jersey ( 24)

— 7 Cape May, by Jul 24. New York Daily Times. “Cholera at Cape May.” 7-26-1854, p. 1.

— 1 Centerville, Jul 24. New York Times. “The Cholera, 7-25-1854, p. 8.

— 4 Jersey City, Jul 17-24. New York Times. “The Cholera, 7-24-1854, p. 8.[17]

— 2 “ Jul 24. New York Times. “The Cholera, 7-25-1854, p. 8.

— 8 “ Sep 16-17. NYT. “Ravages of the Cholera in Jersey City.” 9-20-1854.

— 1 Newark, ~Jul 31. New York Times. “New-York City. The Cholera.” 8-3-1854.

— 1 “ Sep 21. NYT. “New Jersey…Death of Michael McDermott.” 9-21-1854.

New York ( 2,819) Especially New York City (2,509)

— 1 Albany, Jul 25. New York Daily Times. “Cholera in Albany.” 7-27-1854, p. 1.

— 28 “ Aug 2-5. Reynolds, Cuyler. Albany Chronicles: A History…. 1906, p. 582.

— 1 Aurora, Jul 26. NYDT. “The Cholera–Ex-President Fillmore’s Daughter…” 7-27-1854, 1

— 5 Brooklyn Cholera Hospital, Jun 26-Jul 6. NYDT. “The Cholera Hospital.” 7-7-1854, p.5.

— 7 “ “ “ Jul 11. NYDT. “The Cholera in Brooklyn.” 7-15-1854, p. 3.

— 8 “ “ “ Jul 13. NYDT. “The Cholera in Brooklyn.” 7-15-1854, p. 3.

— 5 Brooklyn, July 2. New Albany Daily Tribune, IN. [Cholera] 7-10-1854, p. 2, col. 3.

— 3 “ July 5. New York Daily Times. “Cholera in Brooklyn.” 7-6-1854, p. 4, c.6.

— 1 “ July 6. New York Daily Times. 7-7-1854, p. 5, col. 2.

— 7 “ July 14. New York Daily Times. “The Cholera in Brooklyn.” 7-15-1854, 3.

— 5 “ July 17. New York Daily Times. “The Cholera.” 7-24-1854, p. 8.

— 24 “ July 17-23. New York Daily Times. “The Cholera.” 7-24-1854, p. 8.

— 4 “ July 18. New York Daily Times. “The Cholera.” 7-24-1854, p. 8.

— 1 “ July 19. New York Daily Times. “The Cholera.” 7-24-1854, p. 8.

— 5 “ July 10. New York Daily Times. “The Cholera.” 7-24-1854, p. 8.

— 9 “ July 24. New York Daily Times. “The Cholera.” 7-25-1854, p. 8.[18]

— 3 “ Aug 1. New York Times. “New-York City. The Cholera.” 8-2-1854.

— 4 “ Aug 2. New York Times. “New-York City. The Cholera.” 8-3-1854.

— 71 Buffalo, July 23-29. NYDT. “Deaths at Buffalo and Niagara Falls…” 8-1-1854, p. 1.[19]

— >5 “ July 26. NYDT. “The Cholera…Buffalo Poor House…” 7-27-1854, 1[20]

— 30 “ Aug 28-Sep 3. New York Times. “Mortality at Buffalo.” 9-5-1954.

— 38 “ ~Sep 4-10. New York Daily Times. “Deaths from Cholera…,” 9-12-1854, 8.

— 25 “ Sep 11-17. New York Times. “Cholera at Buffalo.” 9-19-1854.

— 22 “ Sep 18-23. New York Times. “Cholera in Buffalo.” 9-26-1854.

–13-15 Buffalo Poor House, Jul 25. NYT. “The Cholera…Buffalo Poor House…” 7-27-1854, 1.

— 2 Clifton, Staten Island, mid-Sep. NYT. “Staten Island. A Little Cholera.” 9-18-1854.

— 2 Dunkirk, Jul 19 & 21. Hornellsville Tribune, NY. “Cholera in Dunkirk.” 7-27-1854, 2.

— 4 Geddes (~Syracuse), Sep 4. New York Times. “Cholera at Geddes…” 9-6-1854.

–2,509 New York City. Hartshorne. Essentials of…Principles…of Medicine. 1881, 481.[21]

–2,509 “ NYC Dept. of Health. Summary of Vital Statistics 2009. 2010.[22]

–2,346 “ New York Times, “Cholera.” Aug 9, 1866.

— 78 “ Jun 25-Jul 1. NY Daily Times. “Public Health and the Weather.” 7-10-1854, 4.

— 3 “ July 6. NYDT. “Three Cases of Cholera, and Inquests.” 7-7-1854, p. 5, c.1.

— 98 “ July 2-8. NY Daily Times. “Public Health and the Weather.” 7-10-1854, 4.

— 285 “ By Jul 8. NY Daily Times. “Public Health and the Weather.” 7-10-1854, 4.

— 147 “ Jul 10-16. New York Daily Times. “The Cholera, 7-24-1854, p. 8.[23]

— 81 “ Franklin St. Hosp. Up to Jul 15. NY Daily Times. “The Cholera.” 7-24-1854, p8.[24]

— 3 “ Franklin St. Hosp., Jul 16. New York Daily Times. “The Cholera.” 7-24-1854, p. 8.

— 6 “ Franklin St. Hosp., Jul 17. New York Times. “The Cholera.” 7-24-1854, p. 8.

— 183 “ Jul 17-23. New York Daily Times. “The Cholera.” 7-24-1854, p. 8.[25]

— 10 “ Franklin St. Hosp., Jul 18. New York Daily Times. “The Cholera.” 7-24-1854, p. 8.

— 7 “ Franklin St. Hosp., Jul 19. New York Daily Times. “The Cholera.” 7-24-1854, p. 8.

— 4 “ Franklin St. Hosp., Jul 20. New York Daily Times. “The Cholera.” 7-24-1854, p. 8.

— 15 “ Franklin St. Hosp., Jul 21. New York Daily Times. “The Cholera.” 7-24-1854, p. 8.

— 6 “ Franklin St. Hosp., Jul 22. New York Daily Times. “The Cholera.” 7-24-1854, p. 8.

— 3 “ Franklin St. Hosp., Jul 23. New York Daily Times. “The Cholera.” 7-24-1854, p. 8.

— 4 “ Franklin St. Hosp., Jul 24. New York Daily Times. “The Cholera.” 7-24-1854, p. 8.

— 241 “ Jul 24-30. White River Standard, Bedford, IN. 8-10-1854, p. 1.

— 241 “ Jul 28-Aug 5. Weekly Wisconsin, Milwaukee. “Mortality of NYC,” 8-9-1854.

— 116 “ Aug 26-Sep 2. NYT. “New-York City. City Mortality.” 9-4-1854.[26]

— ~20 “ Blackwell Island Asylum. ~Jul 24-Aug 2. NYT. “[NYC]. The Cholera.” 8-3-1854.

— 15 “ “ “ Almshouse. Jul 31-Aug 2. NYT. “[NYC]. The Cholera.” 8-3-1854

— 164 “ Franklin St. Hospital, to Jul 29. NYT. “New-York City. The Cholera.” 8-3-1854.

— 8 “ “ “ “ Jul 30. NYT. “New-York City. The Cholera.” 8-3-1854.

— 3 “ “ “ “ Jul 31. White River Standard, Bedford, IN. 8-10-1854, p. 1.

— 6 “ “ “ “ Aug 1. NYT. “New-York City. The Cholera.” 8-3-1854.

— 6 “ “ “ “ Aug 2. NYT. “New-York City. The Cholera.” 8-3-1854.

— 6 “ “ “ “ Aug 3. NYT. “New-York City. The Cholera.” 8-3-1854.

— 4 “ Mott Street Hospital, to Jul 29. NYT. “New-York City. The Cholera.” 8-3-1854.

— 2 “ “ “ “ Jul 30. NYT. “New-York City. The Cholera.” 8-3-1854.

— 1 “ “ “ “ Jul 31. NYT. “New-York City. The Cholera.” 8-3-1854.

— 2 “ “ “ “ Aug 1. NYT. “New-York City. The Cholera.” 8-3-1854.

— 1 “ “ “ “ Aug 2. NYT. “New-York City. The Cholera.” 8-3-1854.

— 1 “ “ “ “ Aug 3. NYT. “New-York City. The Cholera.” 8-3-1854.

— 1 Lyons, Jul 8. Janesville Daily Gazette, WI.. 7-13-1854, p. 1, col. 3.

— ~50 Niagara Falls vic., by Jul 24. NYT. “Frightful Ravages of the Cholera…” 7-26-1854, 1.

— 10 “ Jul 24. NYT. “Frightful Ravages of the Cholera…Niagara Falls…” 7-26-1854, 1

— 4 “ Jul 25. NYT. “The Cholera–Ex-President Fillmore’s Daughter…” 7-27-1854, 1.

— 11 “ Jul 28-29. NYT. “Deaths at Buffalo and Niagara Falls by Cholera.” 8-1-1854.

— 3 Rochester, Jul 20. Republican Compiler, Gettysburg. “Progress…Cholera.” 7-31-1854.

— 2 Williamsburg, Jul 13. New York Daily Times. “Long Island.” 7-14-1854, p. 3.

— 2 “ Jul 24. New York Times. “The Cholera, 7-24-1854, p. 8.

— 6 “ Jul. 23-24. New York Times. “The Cholera, 7-25-1854, p. 8.[27]

— 1 “ Jul 26. NY Times. “New-York City. The Cholera.” 8-3-1854.

— 2 “ Aug 1. NY Times. “New-York City. The Cholera.” 8-2-1854.

— 1 “ Aug 2. NY Times. “New-York City. The Cholera.” 8-3-1854.

Ohio ( >272) Especially Toledo and Cincinnati

–100 Cincinnati, July. New York Times. “Mortality in Cincinnati…” 8-3-1854.

— >9 “ July 25. Jul 25. NY Daily Times. “Cholera at Cincinnati…” 7-27-1854, 1.[28]

— 1 Eaton, early July. White River Standard, Bedford, IN. “Death of Editors.” 8-10-1854, p. 1.

— 2 “ mid-July. New Albany Daily Tribune, IN. 7-31-1854, p. 2, col. 2.

— 1 Hartford, Aug 7. White River Standard, Bedford, IN. “Death of Editors.” 8-10-1854, p. 1.

— 2 Toledo, Jul 8-9. New Albany Daily Tribune, IN. “Cholera at Toledo, Ohio.” 7-14-1854, 3.

–130 “ up to Jul 9. New Albany Tribune, IN. “Cholera at Toledo, Ohio.” 7-14-1854, 3.[29]

–~36 “ Republican Compiler, Gettysburg, PA. “Progress of the Cholera.” 7-31-1854, 4[30]

Pennsylvania (1,008-1,155) Esp. Pittsburgh/~750, Columbia/127, Philadelphia/~100

–1,008-1,115 Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.

Breakout of Cholera fatality by localities:

— ~50 Alleghany[31] Weekly Wisconsin, Milwaukee. “The Cholera at Pittsburgh,” 10-4-1854, 9

–>127 Columbia, Lancaster Co. Osborne. “Cholera.” The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia. 2010.

–>100 ” Ohio Repository, Canton. “Cholera at Pittsburgh,” Sep 20, 1854, p. 2.

— >5 “ McClellan. “A History of the…Cholera…America.” 1875, 637.[32]

— 52 “ Sep 8-10. New York Times. “The Cholera at Columbia, Pa,” 9-12-1854, p. 8.

— 67 “ Sep 8-11, 4:00. New York Times. “The Cholera at Columbia, Pa,” 9-12-1854, 8.

— 7 “ Sep 13, by 1:00. NY Times. “The Cholera at Columbia, Pa.” 9-14-1854, 8.

— 84 “ by Sep 13, 1:00. NY Times. “The Cholera at Columbia, Pa.” 9-14-1854, 8.

— 83 “ Sep 8-14. New York Times. “Cholera at Columbia, Pa.” 9-15-1854, p. 8.

— 91 “ Sep 8-15. New York Times. “Cholera at Columbia…” 9-16-1854.

— 4 “ Sep 16-18. New York Times. “Cholera at Columbia, Pa,” 9-19-1854.

— 3 Lancaster[33] McClellan. “A History of the…Cholera…America.” 1875, 637.

— >30 Mauch Chunk, Aug. Kreamer. “1854 Cholera Hit Mauch Chunks…” Morning Call, 5-17-1993.

–88-149 Philadelphia June 19-Sep 2. High-end of range is Blanchard tally of date breakouts.

–88 “ June 17-Aug. McClellan. “A History of…Cholera…America.” 1875, 637.

— 6 “ (Moyamensing Prison), June 19-24. Oshkosh Courier, WI. “News…Week.” 7-5-1854, 3.

–12 “ June 25-July 1. Weekly Wisconsin, Madison. “Telegraph Report.” 7-5-1854, 7.

–14 “ June 25-July 1. Oshkosh Courier, WI. “Cholera.” 7-12-1854, p. 4.

–90 “ July 23-29. Nashville Union and American, TN. 8-4-1854, p. 2.[34]

–70 “ July 23-29. White River Standard, Bedford, IN. 8-10-1854, p. 1.

–38 “ Aug 20-26. New York Times. “Mortality of Philadelphia…” 9-4-1854.

–23 “ Aug 27-Sep 2. New York Times. “Mortality of Philadelphia…” 9-4-1854.

–710-760 Pittsburgh[35] Blanchard tally based on date breakouts below.

–781 2 weeks in Sep. La Crosse Independent Republican, WI. Oct 11, 1854, 2.[36]

— 4[37] “ July. McClellan. “A History of the…Cholera…America.” 1875, 637.

— 1-2 Sep 13.

–1 Sep 13. Weekly Wisconsin, Milwaukee. “The Cholera at Pittsburgh,” 10-4-1854, 9.

–2 Sep 13. Ohio Repository, Canton. “Cholera at Pittsburgh,” Sep 20, 1854, p. 2.

–39-52 Sep 14.

–39 Sep 14. Weekly Wisconsin, Milwaukee. “The Cholera at Pittsburgh,” 10-4-1854, 9.

–52 Sep 14. Ohio Repository, Canton. “Cholera at Pittsburgh,” 9-20-1854, p. 2.

— 500 Sep 15-21. Alton Weekly Courier, IL. [Cholera in Pittsburgh] Sep 28, 1854, 3. [38]

–49-54. Sep 15.

–49 NY Times. “The Cholera at Pittsburg–Great Mortality.” 9-18-1854.

–51 Weekly Wisconsin, Milwaukee. “The Cholera at Pittsburgh.” 10-4-1854, 9.

–54 Ohio Repository, Canton. “Cholera at Pittsburgh,” 9-20-1854, p. 2.

–27-31. Sep 16.

–27 Ohio Repository, Canton. “Cholera at Pittsburgh,” Sep 20, 1854, 2.

–31 Weekly Wisconsin, Milwaukee. “The Cholera…Pittsburgh,” 10-4-1854, 9.

— 431 Sep 17-23. Alton Daily Telegraph, OH. “The Cholera in Pittsburgh,” 10-2-1854, 2.

— 120 Sep 17-18. Ohio Repository, Canton. “Cholera at Pittsburgh,” 9-20-1854, p. 2

— 60 Sep 17. Weekly Wisconsin, Milwaukee. “The Cholera…Pittsburgh,” 10-4-1854, 9.

— 65 Sep 18. Weekly Wisconsin, Milwaukee. “The Cholera…Pittsburgh,” 10-4-1854, 9.

— 60 Sep 19. New York Times. “Cholera at Pittsburg.” 9-20-1854.[39]

— 61 Sep 19. Weekly Wisconsin, Milwaukee. “The Cholera…Pittsburgh,” 10-4-1854, 9.

— 49 Sep 20. Weekly Wisconsin, Milwaukee. “The Cholera…Pittsburgh,” 10-4-1854, 9.

— 74 Sep 21. New York Times. “The Cholera at Pittsburg.” 9-23-1854.

— 109 Sep 21. Weekly Wisconsin Milwaukee. “The Cholera at Pittsburgh,” 10-4-1854, 9.

–49-60 Sep 22.

–49 Weekly Wisconsin, Milwaukee. “The Cholera at Pittsburgh,” 10-4-1854, 9.

–60 New York Times. “The Cholera at Pittsburg.” 9-23-1854.

–23-45 Sep 23.

–23 Marysville Tribune, OH. “The Cholera in Pittsburgh,” 9-27-1854, p. 10.

–45 Sep 23. New York Times. “Cholera at Pittsburg.” 9-25-1854.

–36-53 Sep 24.

–36 Marysville Tribune, OH. “The Cholera in Pittsburgh,” 9-Sep-1854, p. 10.

–38 Sep 24. New York Times. “The Cholera at Pittsburg.” 9-27-1854.

–38 Washington Daily Globe, DC. “The Cholera at Pittsburg.” 9-27-1854, p. 2.

–53 Alton Daily Telegraph, OH. “The Cholera in Pittsburgh,” 2 Oct 1854, p. 2.

–17-27 Sep 25.

–17 Alton Daily Telegraph, OH. “The Cholera in Pittsburgh,” 2 Oct 1854, p. 2.

–27 Sep 25. New York Times. “The Cholera at Pittsburg.” 9-27-1854.

— 9 Sep 26, by noon. New York Times. “The Cholera at Pittsburg.” 9-27-1854.

— 12 Sep 27. NYT. “Fall of an Aqueduct–Canal Suspension–Cholera, &c.” 9-28-1854.

— 12 Sep 28. Washington Daily Globe, DC. “The Cholera at Pittsburg.” 9-30-1854, 3.

— 7 Sep 29. New York Times. “The Cholera at Pittsburg.” 9-30-1854.

— 345 Sep 24-30. Adams Sentinel, Gettysburg PA. “Health of Pittsburg.” 10-2-1854, 3.[40]

Rhode Island ( 2)

–1 Providence, July 15 (Chief Justice Levi Hale). Bloomington News Letter, IN. 7-29-1854, 4.

–1 “ July 22 (Mrs. Hale/Haile). Republican Compiler, Gettysburg. 7-31-1854, p. 4.

Tennessee: ( 155) Especially Nashville

–155 Blanchard tally of locality and date breakouts below (except those highlighted in yellow).

— 26 Fayetteville, by June 26. New Albany Daily Tribune, IN. 7-3-1854, p. 2, col. 4.[41]

— 46 “ & vicinity, by July 13. New Albany Daily Tribune, IN. 7-14-1854, p. 3, col. 1.[42]

— 21 Knoxville, Sep. Ohio Repository, Canton. “Cholera at Knoxville, Tenn.” 10-4-1854, 2.[43]

— ? Memphis[44]

— 88 Nashville. Report of Sexton of interments in the City Cemetery, May 1-July 11, 1854.[45]

–15 “ May 28. Daily Free Democrat, Milwaukee. “Cholera at Nashville.” 6-1-1854, 2.

— 7 “ June 21. Oshkosh Courier, WI. “News of the Week.” 7-5-1854, p. 2, col. 6.

–10 “ June 21-22. Alton Weekly Courier, IL. 7-13-1854, p. 2, col. 4.

–10 “ June 30. Mount Carmel Register, IL. [Cholera in KY] 7-5-1854, p. 3, col. 2.

— 5 “ July 9-10. New Albany Daily Tribune, IN. “Cholera at Toledo, Ohio.” 7-14-1854, 3.

Virginia (300-325) Especially Richmond, Blue Ridge Tunnel and Scottsville

— 8 Blue Ridge Tunnel, ~Afton Mt. NYT. “Cholera in Baltimore and Virginia.” 8-3-1854.

— 11 “ “ “ Lyons, “Cholera Comes…Blue Ridge Tunnel.” Crozet Gazette. 9-7-2010[46]

— 33 “ “ “ total. Lyons, “Cholera…Blue Ridge Tunnel.” Crozet Gazette. 9-7-2010.

— 42 Richmond. Lyons, “Cholera Comes…Blue Ridge Tunnel.” Crozet Gazette. 9-7-2010.[47]

–125 “ Jun 19-Jul 25. Lyons, “Cholera…Blue Ridge Tunnel.” Crozet Gazette. 9-7-2010.[48]

–200-225 “ by the end. Lyons, “Cholera…Blue Ridge Tunnel.” Crozet Gazette. 9-7-2010.

— 25 Scottsville, Jun 20-30. Lyons, “Cholera…Blue Ridge Tunnel.” Crozet Gazette. 9-7-2010.

West Virginia ( 120) Especially Wheeling

–111 Martinsburg. Aler. Aler’s History of Martinsburg and Berkeley County, West Virginia. P. 192.[49]

–22 “ (3 days). Alton Weekly Courier, IL. [Cholera in Martinsburg] Oct 5, 1854, 4.

— 9 Wheeling.

–5 “ July 20-22. Republican Compiler, Gettysburg. “Progress…Cholera.” 7-31-1854, 4.

–4 “ July 31. New York Times. “Cholera at Wheeling.” 8-3-1854.

Wisconsin ( >49)

—>49 Blanchard tally from breakouts below is 49. We do not think we know of every victim.

Breakout of 1854 Wisconsin cholera deaths by locality:

–21 Gratiot’s Grove, Lafayette Co. Butterfield. History of Lafayette County…, 1881, p. 574.

— 8 Kenosha County. Lyman. The City of Kenosha and Kenosha County, Wisconsin. P. 141.

–1 July 18. Mrs. Marshall.

–2 July 28. Mr. and Mrs. Manny.

–4 July 30. Additional deaths. (five of all deaths, July 18-30 were in one house).

–1 July 31. Miss Harriett Sholes.

–10 Madison, Dane Co. July 18-26. Janesville Daily Gazette, WI. “Cholera at Madison.” 8-1-1854, p7.

— 1 Milwaukee, Schooner Harrison, July 7. Oshkosh Courier, WI. “Cholera.” 7-12-1854, p. 4.

— 1 “ ~Sep 19. Sheboygan Lake Journal, WI. “Death of a Family,” 20 Sep 1854, 2.

— 8 Shullsburg, Lafayette Co., ~July 25-26. Janesville Daily Gazette, WI. 8-1-1854, p. 7, col. 2.

–1 July 26. Dr. A. P. Ladd. Butterfield. History of Lafayette County…, 1881, p. 574.[50]

Maritime ( >4)

— 1 Brig Fanny, ~Sep 13. New York Times. “The Cholera on Shipboard.” 9-14-1854.

— 3 Steamer Mississippi, Jul 23. New York Times, “Cholera on Lake Erie.” 7-26-1854, p. 1.[51]

Narrative Information

Woodworth: Cholera epidemic originated from “the packet-ships Tonawanda and Tuscarora, bound for Philadelphia; the first case appearing on the Tonawanda two weeks after leaving Liverpool, at which port there was no cholera when she sailed.” (Woodworth 1875, p. 21)

Georgia

Aug 10: “Baltimore, July 30. Great mortality from cholera is reported in Burke county, Ga. Out of 57 cases 50 proved fatal.” (White River Standard, Bedford, IN. 8-10-1854, p. 1.)

Illinois

Custer: Central Illinois:

“1854
Spotswood Wilkinson, in Bloomington, April 23, 1854, aged 59-2-22.
Perry Cross, in Bloomington, April 25, 1854.
William P. Watkins, in Bloomington, April 25, 1854.
Amos M. Jones, in Bloomington, May 1, 1854, aged 27 years.
Jacob H. Woodward, at Bloomington, Aug. 13, 1854, aged 32-0-9. (?)
Mrs. Mary A. George, (nee Hawkins) wf. of William C. George, at Stout’s Grove, 1854,

Aged 54.
John George, (1) son of William C. George, at Stout’s Grove, 1854 (a young man).
John George, (2) son of James S. George, at Stout’s Grove, 1854 (a child).
William H., son of Moses Hougham, (2) at Long Point, Sept. 2, 1854, aged 5-1-2.
Sarah J., daughter of Moses Hougham, (2) at Long Point, Sept. 3, 1854, aged 7-3-2.
Cary, son of Moses Hougham, (2) at Long Point, Sept. 4, 1854, aged 13-11-6.
John S. Hougham, son of Moses Hougham, (2) at Long Point, Sept. 8, 1854, aged 28-0-5.
Mrs. Elizabeth Jane Andrew, (nee McWhorter) wife of John B. Andrew, at Selma, (?)

Sept. 30, 1854, aged 37-6-3.
Mrs. Elenor A. Creamer, (nee McWhorter) wife of George A. Creamer, at Selma, Oct. 1,

1854, aged 31-8-8.
Hugh Albert, son of George A. Creamer, at Selma, about Oct. 1, 1854, aged 2-8-25.
Mary E., daughter of James S. McWhorter, at Selma, about Oct. 1, 1854, aged 2-1-23.
Stephen S. McWhorter, at Selma, Oct. 2, 1854, aged 25-6-20.
John W. McWhorter, at Selma, Oct. 2, 1854, aged 23-1-17.
Jacob Wright, at Selma, Oct. 3, 1854, aged 25-1-26.
William Wright, at Selma, Oct. 9, 1854, aged 22-9-1.
Four members of the Woodard Family, on the Stephen Houghton Farm, near

Bloomington, about 1854. (?).”

(Custer, Milo. “The Roll of the Dead: A List of Deaths From Asiatic Cholera in Central Illinois, 1834-1873.” 1929. In “McLean County, Illinois History and Genealogy,” Genealogy Trails, transcribed by Kim Torp.)

Chicago:

Andreas: “From June 1 to September 1, the cholera raged so malignantly as to seriously interfere with business. The deaths from the disease during the year were reported at 1,424. (Andreas 1884, 157)

Galena:

July 1: “We are informed by a gentleman who came through Galena yesterday to this place on his way to Detroit, that a man was permitted to lay on the side walk in Galena yesterday morning and die with the cholera, in the presence of two watchmen of the city and a number of citizens, and had not even the offer of assistance from any one. The man who was thus shamefully treated was a stranger, a respectably clad, genteel looking man, and had just arrived by stage from Warren, at which place he left a wife and children. Our informant said that some of the man’s fellow travelers informed a hotel keeper and the two watchmen mentioned, that he lay on the sidewalk sick with the cholera, and would die if he was not attended to, but ‘they did not take him in.’ Freeport Bulletin.” (Janesville Gazette, WI. “Outrage.” 7-1-1854, 1.)

Indiana

July 29: “The Indianapolis Sentinel of Wednesday [July 26], says: ‘We regret to announce the decease, on Saturday evening last [July 22], at his residence in this city of Henry P. Coburn, Esq., formerly Clerk of the Supreme Court of this State. His disease was supposed to be cholera. He returned on Saturday from a visit to Lake Superior, where the cholera is prevailing to some extent. He was buried on Sabbath afternoon at 4 o’clock. We have heard of one other death, and several cases of sickness, supposed to be cholera’.” (Bloomington News Letter, IN. “Cholera in Indianapolis.” 7-29-1854, p. 2, col. 4.)

Maritime

Sep 13: “Philadelphia, Wednesday, Sept. 13. The British brig Fanny, from this port for Ragged Island, N.S., is at Newcastle, Del. Capt. Swain is dead, and all hands are sick with cholera.” (New York Times. “The Cholera on Shipboard.” 9-14-1854.)

Maryland

Sep 15: “Baltimore, Friday, Sept. 15. A dispatch received here from W. Fiske, the Secretary of the Relief Committee at Columbia, says there were seven deaths by cholera since 6 o’clock yesterday evening, making ninety-one deaths in all. There were four more new cases reported to-day.” (New York Times. “Cholera at Columbia…” 9-16-1854.)

Aug 1: “Baltimore, Aug. 1. There has been eight deaths of cholera and several cases in a state of collapse are reported. The disease is very rapid. The deaths in the above cases occurring it two to three hours after the patients were attacked.” (White River Standard, Bedford, IN. 8-10-1854, 1)

Missouri

July 8: “The officers of the steamer Sam Cloon, in last evening from the Missouri, report the cholera much worse at Independence than we stated a few days since. They learned that twenty persons were buried in one day, and the total number of deaths up to Friday last [June 30] was not short of forty or fifty; the town had been partially deserted, but at the date of their leaving the disease was thought to have nearly disappeared—the people left, and of course the epidemic ceased. Among the deaths reported was that of Mr. Hughes, a merchant, and his clerk, formerly of St. Joseph. The Sam Cloon had but six deaths on her upward trip—all among the deckers, and chiefly Mormon emigrants. Some sickness was reported at Kansas, Westport and other towns in that vicinity. Six or eight deaths had occurred at Westport. St. Louis News, 27th.” (Bloomington News-Letter, IN. “Cholera at Independence.” 7-8-1854, p. 2, col. 4.)

New York

Albany

Aug 5, 1854: “Health board reports 86 cases of cholera, 28 of them fatalities, during the past three days…

Aug 10, 1854: “Former Albany Hospital on Lydius street (Madison Ave.) opened as a cholera hospital…” Reynolds. Albany Chronicles. 1906, p. 582.)

New York City:

[This New York Times article provides data by week from the New York Register of Records, for cholera deaths from May 1854 to August 4, 1866. Unfortunately, the web archive copy cuts off the death totals from July 1859 to August 4, 1866. New York Times, “Cholera,” Aug 9, 1866.]

July 31: “New York, July 31 [Monday]. The total deaths in this city during the week were 1,140, including 241 by cholera.” (White River Standard, Bedford, IN. 8-10-1854, p. 1.)

Niagara Falls vicinity:

July 24: “Buffalo, Monday, July 24. Reports having reached here on Saturday [July 22] of the sudden outbreak of cholera at Niagara Falls, Drs. Hamilton and Hunt repaired to the spot, and found a…[unclear word] among the Irish laborers, on the Canal and the…grounds at the Suspension Bridge. Panic aided the deadly disease, and a number of dying…[unclear] had fled from the place. The two gate-keepers at the bridge had died, and the gate was deserted…The disease is spreading from local causes – the oppressive heat, and a damp earth under the heights.

“Yesterday the disease had somewhat abated. The number of deaths up to last night reached about 50. Work is now entirely suspended, and nearly all who are not sick have fled. There is no sickness in the immediate vicinity of the Falls.

“Second Dispatch. Buffalo, Monday, July 24 – P.M. There have been several more deaths to-day in the neighborhood of the Suspension Bridge, and all in the vicinity are leaving as fast as possible….This afternoon a horrible stench was discovered proceeding from a shanty near the Bridge, and it was found to be from the bodies of two men who had died there alone. They were in a terrible state of decomposition, and a reward of $50 was offered to any person who would get the bodies out and inter them – but no one could be found to venture. The place was then set fire to, and the bodies and all the contents were consumed.

“It is supposed there were about 10 deaths to-day.” (New York Times. “Frightful Ravages of the Cholera near Niagara Falls, &c.” 7-26-1854, p. 1.)

Ohio

Aug 2: “Cincinnati, Wednesday, Aug 2. The total number of deaths in this city during the month of July was 516, of which 100 were from cholera, and 240 were children.” (New York Times. “Mortality in Cincinnati…” 8-3-1854.)

July 31: “The cholera has made its appearance at Eaton Ohio in a malignant form. On Thursday last a lady from Chicago stopped there sick of the cholera, and soon after died. A wagoner, staying at the same house, was next attacked, and died on Saturday. B. F. Protzman, who formerly lived near Dayton, a boarder in the same house, died next. The house was then closed, but the disease afterwards made its appearance in other parts of the town, and several persons are reported as dangerously sick.” (New Albany Daily Tribune, IN. 7-31-1854, p. 2, col. 2.)

Pennsylvania

Columbia:

Sep 11: “Columbia, Pa., Monday, Sept. 11. The cholera is still raging here, the deaths since Friday last [Sep 8] numbering fifty-two.

“Second Dispatch. Columbia, Pa., Monday, 10 o’clock P.M. Passengers from Columbia represent the ravages of the disease as awful. Up to 4 o’clock this afternoon 67 deaths had taken place, and 17 new cases are reported to-day. Just as the cars were leaving, 17 patients were brought in from the Santee Furnace….

“The Philadelphia physicians discovered that the reservoir water was the cause of the disease, as those who drank spring-water were exempt from it. It is supposed they will be able to check the spread of the disease. The train this evening took four car loads of citizens with their families down to York and its vicinity.

“Philadelphia, Monday, Sept. 11. Dr. Bodden Spencer and Dr. Thomas C. Bunting have gone to Columbia from this city to afford aid to the sick from cholera.

“The disease commenced there on Thursday, when two emigrants were taken from the cars sick and died in a short time.

“Among the victims are Dr. R. E. Cochrane, a Whig member of the Legislature, Edward A. Howard, proprietor of the Green Tree Hotel, Francis Bradley, Notary Public, and a number of ladies.” (New York Times. “The Cholera at Columbia, Pa,” 9-12-1854, p. 8.)

Sep 13: “Columbia, Pa., Wednesday, Sept. 13. The deaths this morning, up to 1 o’clock, numbered seven, and there were thirteen new cases. The total deaths to this time are 84, and 40 cases are still under treatment. Trains between Lancaster and Harrisburg and Columbia have ceased running. Not over 1,200 out of the 6,000 inhabitants have left the town. The water in the river has risen about a foot. The panic in this section of the country is immense.” (New York Times. “The Cholera at Columbia, Pa.” 9-14-1854.)

Sep 14: “Philadelphia, Thursday, Sept. 14. A private letter from Columbia says that there is great suffering at that place among the poor on account of the prevalence of the Cholera. No work was to be had, business being suspended. Many children were fatherless.” (New York Times. “The Cholera at Columbia, Pa.” 9-15-1854.)

Sep 14: “Columbia, Thursday, Sept. 14. There have been eighty-three deaths by Cholera since last Friday evening to noon to-day, and six deaths additional since dark last evening to noon to-day. There were four new cases this morning, and there are a number of cases of diarrhoea prevailing.” (New York Times. “Cholera at Columbia, Pa.” 9-15-1854.)

Philadelphia:

July 31: “New York, July 31 [Monday]….The total number of deaths at Philadelphia was 573,[52] including 70 from cholera, and 105 from cholera infantum, and 39 from dysentery.” (White River Standard, Bedford, IN. 8-10-1854, p. 1.)

Pittsburgh:

Sep 15: “Pittsburg, Pa., Friday, Sept. 15. The Cholera has broken out with great virulence in different parts of the city and vicinity. It is impossible to give the number of case, but 55 deaths have been reported within the past thirty-six hours. Some well-known citizens have been carried off by the disease, after only three or four hours’ illness.

“Second Dispatch. Evening Report. – There were 49 deaths by the prevailing disease to-day. The Supreme Court has adjourned in consequence of the epidemic. The weather is milder than for some days past.” (New York Times. “The Cholera at Pittsburg–Great Mortality.” 9-18-1854.)

Sep 16: “From the Gazette, Sept. 16. This mysterious and destructive disease has suddenly visited us. Since its first advent into this country, this city and region have been remarkably except from its ravages. It has at no time, except probably in 1832, assumed a general epidemic form. It has broken out suddenly in localities and neighborhoods, and as suddenly subside. The present visitation is of a general character, the disease being found in every part of the city and environs. Although the visitation is sudden and severe, yet we have reason to expect it will be of short continuance.

“The lateness of the season, the coolness of the atmosphere and the general salubrity of the climate lead us to hope the epidemic, if epidemic it can be called here, will soon be over. It is highly probable that the sudden change of the weather from extreme heat and dryness, to coolness and dampness has had something to do in causing the visitation. This suggests the propriety of warm clothing, a careful diet, and above all, a cheerful, hopeful disposition. Many die from panic, from dwelling on real or imaginary horrors. ‘Trust in God and keep your powder dry,’ was an apothegm pregnant with meaning, and powerful in its effects. Trust in God and be temperate in all things is a rule of action which may save many lives. The cheerful, faithful discharge of duties, whether of attention to business, or in works of benevolence to the afflicted, with a confiding trust in God, connected with a prudent yet nourishing diet, are the best preventives when epidemic prevail – better than all the nostrums and amulents [sic] ever invented by the cupidity or ignorance of man.

“Our local columns will keep our readers truthfully informed of the progress of the disease, as far as we can ascertain the facts. We hope the Board of Health will publish daily bulletins while the visitation lasts, in order to prevent exaggerated accounts from producing undue alarm. The virulence of the disease has already subsided, new cases being found more manageable.

“The deaths yesterday were very numerous, but they were mostly persons who had been attacked the day before. The cases which occurred yesterday were of a milder type, and more subject to medical control. We are not without hope, therefore, that the worst is over. The weather last night became quite cool.” (New York Times. “The Cholera in Pittsburg.” 9-19-1854.)

Sep 18: “Pittsburg, Monday, Sept. 18. There were fifty-three deaths by Cholera to-day, up to this evening. The deaths for the past five days have been two hundred and fifty-three. The interments in the Cemeteries up to Saturday evening were one hundred and seventy-one, of which one hundred and twenty-nine were of Cholera. Great alarm is felt and many persons are leaving the city.” (New York Times. “Cholera at Pittsburg, Pa.” 9-19-1854.)

Sep 22: “Pittsburg, Friday, Sept. 22. The Dispatch extra of this afternoon reports 74 deaths from cholera during yesterday, and to-day, up to noon, 22 deaths. The total number of deaths from the disease since its first appearance, 8 days since, reaches 500.

“Pittsburg, Friday, Sept. 22. There were 60 deaths from cholera to-day.” (New York Times. “The Cholera at Pittsburg.” 9-23-1854.)

Sep 22: “Pittsburg, Friday, Sept 22. I write in the midst of a panic, such as Pittsburg never experienced. These are times that try men’s souls, and such as having once been passed through a man prays never again to see. The cholera has been raging here now for over a week. This is the ninth day, and between four and five hundred of our fellow citizens have been swept away as if they had been shadows. Just imagine to yourself an army of five hundred men, women, and children drawn up before you, and then realize the fact that they, the high and the low, the gifted and the ignorant, the good and the bad, have been swept into eternity in the short space of nine or ten days, and all with but a few hours warning. It is awful. God grant your Forest City may never be thus terribly visited.

“Never before have I fully realized the horrors of a city visited by the pestilence. We read of such things, you know, but seldom do they occur in our temperate regions. To give you an idea. I took a walk—a short one—around several squares on Thursday evening. It had been observed as a fast day and a day of prayer, and never was an occasion of the kind more universally observed. The places of business and pleasure were all closed, even the liquor establishments barred their doors, and not even a German lager beer saloon was open. Public services were held in all the churches, morning, afternoon, and evening; and I may safely say never before did so many people attend the worship of God in these cities. The exercises were of that solemn nature called by the occasion, and the people seemed to feel that God indeed had a controversy with them, and that it behooved them to call on Him for mercy and pardon….” (Weekly Wisconsin (Milwaukee). “The Cholera at Pittsburgh,” Oct 4, 1854, p. 9.)

Sep 26: “Pittsburg, Tuesday, Sept. 26. The Cholera has greatly abated in this city since Saturday last, and the panic has entirely subsided. On Sunday [Sep 24] the deaths from the disease reached 38, on Monday 27 – and to-day up to noon – only 9.” (NYT. “The Cholera at Pittsburg.” 9-27-1854.)

Wisconsin

July 18: “A report from the board of health, dated July 26^th, states that since the 18^th of July there had been twenty cases and ten deaths.” (Janesville Daily Gazette, WI. “Cholera at Madison.” 8-1-1854, p. 7, col. 2.)

Aug 1: “The Galena Jeffersonian notices the death of Dr. Ladd by cholera, and adds – ‘We hear that eight other cases of this disease happened at Shullsburgh, Tuesday night and Wednesday morning, seven of which proved fatal; and we also learn that two other children of Charles Lamar, near Shullsburgh are dying’.” (Janesville Daily Gazette, WI. 8-1-1854, p. 7, col. 2.)

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New York Times. “Death of a Catholic Bishop by Cholera at Savannah.” 9-22-1854. Accessed at: http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9E04E5DF1238EE3BBC4A51DFBF66838F649FDE

New York Times. “Fall of an Aqueduct–Canal Suspension–Cholera, &c.” 9-28-1854. Accessed: http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9805E0DF1238EE3BBC4051DFBF66838F649FDE

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New York Times. “Mortality in Boston [Cholera].” 9-4-1854. Accessed 10-1-2012 at: http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9F0CE0D71538EE3BBC4C53DFBF66838F649FDE

New York Times. “Mortality in Cincinnati [Cholera]…” 8-3-1854. Accessed 10-1-2012 at: http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9806E4D91631E63BBC4B53DFBE66838F649FDE

New York Times. “Mortality of Philadelphia…” 9-4-1854. Accessed 10-1-2012 at: http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9E0CE0D71538EE3BBC4C53DFBF66838F649FDE

New York Times. “New Jersey…Death of Michael McDermott.” 9-21-1854. Accessed 10-1-1854: http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9F03E6DF1238EE3BBC4951DFBF66838F649FDE

New York Times. “New-York City. City Mortality.” 9-4-1854. Accessed 10-1-2012 at: http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9400E0D71538EE3BBC4C53DFBF66838F649FDE

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New York Times. “Ravages of the Cholera in Jersey City,” 9-20-1854. Accessed 10-1-2012 at: http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9B0CE7DF1238EE3BBC4851DFBF66838F649FDE

New York Times. “Staten Island. A Little Cholera.” 9-18-1854. Accessed 10-1-2012 at: http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9806EFD61538EE3BBC4052DFBF66838F649FDE

New York Times. “The Cholera at Columbia, Pa.” 9-14-1854. Accessed 10-1-2012 at: http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9B06E2D61538EE3BBC4C52DFBF66838F649FDE

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New York Times. “The Cholera on Shipboard.” 9-14-1854. Accessed 10-1-2012 at: http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9E06E2D61538EE3BBC4C52DFBF66838F649FDE

Ohio Repository, Canton, OH. “Cholera at Knoxville, Tenn.” 10-4-1854, 2. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=4017252

Ohio Repository, Canton, OH. “Cholera at Pittsburgh,” 9-20-1854, p. 2. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=4016456

Oshkosh Courier, WI. “Cholera.” 7-12-1854, p. 4. Accessed 9-29-2012 at: http://newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=35323470

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http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=35019042&sterm=cholera

Washington Daily Globe, DC. “The Cholera at Pittsburg.” 9-27-1854, p. 2, col. 6. Accessed 9-30-2012 at: http://newspaperarchive.com/FullPagePdfViewer.aspx?img=3449168

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[1] Compiled in Sep-Oct 2012 and revised Nov 2019 for inclusion in website: http://www.usdeadlyevents.com

[2] We believe this to be a conservative number in that (1) we have not exhaustively covered the reports and newspapers accessible to us, (2) not all cholera deaths were reported to the newspapers accessible to us, particularly during the beginning and concluding stages of an outbreak, (3) reports of the time frequently underestimated infant and child mortality by reporting deaths as cholera infantum or “summer complaint,” (4) cholera deaths within wagon trains going west went for the most part statistically unreported, and (5) maritime fatalities on riverine transportation and the Great Lakes was poorly reported.

[3] “During the months of August and September last, the Asiatic Cholera prevailed to an extent by no means great, but beyond our expectations. Although cases occurred all over the city, still the principal localities were Albany street as far west as Chestnut street, the region in the vicinity of the Great Bridge in Commerce street, Morgan and Commerce street, Mill street, a narrow locality near Imlay’s mills, and Market street, near the City Hall Market. It is not a little remarkable that these localities were occupied by a portion of our foreign population, mostly Irish, and that among all of the deaths which occurred, amounting perhaps to eighty or ninety, or, as some think, even more, but two or three only were natives of this country.”

[4] Based on statement: “Another death by cholera has occurred here.” (Alton Weekly Courier (IL). Sep 28, 1854.)

[5] Custer, Milo. “The Roll of the Dead: A List of Deaths From Asiatic Cholera in Central Illinois, 1834-1873.” 1929. In “McLean County, Illinois History and Genealogy,” Genealogy Trails, transcribed by Kim Torp

[6] Adams Sentinel, Gettysburg, PA’ “Awful Ravages of Cholera.” 9-4-1854, p. 2. Writes: “The family of Mr. Aaron Daniels, living a few miles northeast of Rutland, Ill., has been visited by the cholera to a lamentable degree. On Saturday, the 5^th ult., a daughter about 18 years of age died, and on Monday six more of the family were taken with the disease, five of whom died during Monday night.–On Tuesday, another daughter was taken and died on Wednesday. On Wednesday evening, Mr. Daniels was taken sick and died on Thursday. The remainder of the family, five in number, were attacked, but they have nearly recovered. Besides the above deaths there was a young man who worked for Mr. Daniels. He died on Thursday. John Head, a son of Mr. T. B. Head, living near Mr. Daniels, died on Monday evening, and Mrs. Fleming on Wednesday. A school teacher, who was teaching a school in the neighborhood, and Mr. T. B.f Head, have also died.”

[7] Our number based on statement: “…Cholera has broken out in Bedford…a number of deaths have occurred.”

[8] Our number based on: “Several fatal cases of cholera have occurred in the northwestern part of Mercer county, in this State.”

[9] Captain Seth M. Blair of the LDS Church. From the Church of Latter Day Saints Church History website: “From St. Louis to Atchison, Blair traveled by steamboat, arriving June 4… Because cholera had recently killed people at Atchison, the Texans ‘speedily’ prepared to cross the plains.”

[10] The entry from this Mormon convert from Liverpool, England, on his way west, as summarized by Mattes: “Many deaths from cholera on steamboats ascending the Missouri River and at Westport. Left Westport July 1 in a train of 50 wagons. We translate “many deaths” into ten or more.

[11] “It is well known that ships arrived at New Orleans, having lost passengers from cholera on the voyage, during the last months of 1853 and early 1854, but the disease did not assume an epidemic from until the latter part of May, when, during the first week of the epidemic, over two hundred cholera deaths occurred. Cholera remained in New Orleans until all records were lost in the epidemic of yellow fever of that year.” (McClellan 1875, 636)

[12] “Baltimore, July 30.–There were 172 deaths in Boston last week from cholera, and there remained 125 cases in the State Prison.”

[13] “About the last of June, four emigrants were put off an emigrant train at Ann Arbor, Mich., sick with cholera; three of the four died. Two men, one from New York, the other from Chicago, and a young lady from Chicago died of the disease at this town; five deaths occurred among residents of the town.” (McClellan 1875, 636)

[14] “May 19, 1854, cholera occurred at Detroit among newly-arrived emigrants, the majority of whom had recently arrived from Holland. The total deaths amounted to about one thousand.” (McClellan 1875, 636)

[15] “The Minnesotian of June 17^th says: The Galena arrived yesterday morning at half past three o’clock. Some thirty minutes after she landed, four cases of spasmodic cholera broke out among the cabin passengers. Two have died at the time we write…”

[16] “Progress of the Cholera. – The Missouri Statesman of the 14^th says there have been 210 deaths, principally of cholera, in the town of Hermann, and neighborhood.”

[17] Reportedly, but not confirmed at the time of printing.

[18] “Brooklyn—The Board of Health yesterday reported 19 new cases of cholera and 9 deaths.”

[19] These do not include deaths at the Buffalo Poor House.

[20] Our number based on statement re. Buffalo Poor House: “…a large number of deaths have occurred today.”

[21] Cites: Dr. A. Clark, Lecture on Cholera.

[22] Chart entitled “The Conquest of Pestilence in New York City…As Shown by the Death Rate as Recorded in the Official Records of the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene,” cover page of: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Summary of Vital Statistics 2009 The City of New York. December 2010.

[23] Interments of people reported to have died of cholera during the week.

[24] These and the other cholera deaths reported by NYT this date are those reported by the Franklin-Street hospital.

[25] “Of the entire number of interments during the week, 183 were reported to have resulted from the Cholera.”

[26] Cholera was by far the leading cause of death for the week. Besides cholera, the deaths from “cholera infantum” was 87, “cholera morbus, 15, convulsions infantile, 73; consumption, 43; diarrhoea, 69; dysentery, 43; inflammation of the brain, 23; inflammation of the bowels, 11.

[27] “Williamsburg–Nine cases of cholera were reported to the Board of Health yesterday, as having occurred on Sunday [July 23], six of which terminated fatally. Yesterday, two fatal cases were reported as having occurred at No. 71 South Third street.”

[28] Six were at the St. Peters Orphan Asylum. The article notes that “There has also been a slight increase in the number of deaths in the city to-day.” We will assume that there must have been at least three.

[29] Quotes a Toledo Blade article which notes that this was out of a population of 12,000, and was largely emigrants.

[30] Thirty-six is our attempt to put a number to the statement: “At Toledo, the disease is on the increase…with 12 or 15 deaths daily. We have taken the low estimate of 12 and multiplied by 3 days as a stand-in for “daily.”

[31] “To the above total [516, Pittsburgh] must be added about 50 deaths in Alleghany and other adjoining towns…” (Weekly Wisconsin (Milwaukee). “The Cholera at Pittsburgh,…It must be borne in mind that this is the number reported. That many deaths have occurred which have not been heard of, there is no doubt…” 4 Oct 1854, 9.)

[32] This number is manufactured from the following statement: “Dr. Atlee, of Lancaster, Pa., records that a car load of emigrants came from Philadelphia to Columbia Pa. Two or three of these emigrants, who were ill of cholera, were put out on the platform at the railroad-station; some gentlemen, seeing them at the point of death, carried them to a shed and waited upon them; in forty-eight hours the emigrants and these gentlemen were dead, and the disease spread in the town.” (McClellan 1875, 637)

[33] A manufactured number based upon the statement: “Cholera was carried into Lancaster by an emigrant, and several deaths occurred.” (McClellan 1875, 637)

[34] “Baltimore, July 30…In Philadelphia, there were 500 deaths [during the past week], including 90 from cholera.”

[35] Population approximately 50,000. (Weekly Wisconsin (Milwaukee). “The Cholera at Pittsburgh,” 10-4-1854, 9.)

[36] Highlighted in yellow to denote we do not use in that we do not know which two weeks. Presumably one was the week of Sep 15.

[37] A manufactured number based upon the statement: “At Pittsburgh, early in July, a lady, who had just returned from a western journey, took cholera and died. Several members of the same family took the disease, and some died. From this time until September, occasional cases occurred among persons who had contracted the disease down the river. September 12, after a violent rain-storm, cholera became epidemic. Those who most suffered were Irish emigrants who had recently arrived in the country.” (McClellan 1875, 637)

[38] “Pittsburgh, Sept. 22….Total number of deaths for eight days, since the commencement of the epidemic, 500 – today, 60 deaths from cholera.

[39] “Pittsburg, Tuesday, Sept. 19. To-day, up to this evening, there were sixty deaths from Cholera…”

[40] Highlighted in yellow to denote we do not use in tally — does not comport with daily reports for the same period.

[41] “Fayetteville, Tenn., June 26. Deaths by cholera in the corporation, 10; immediate vicinity, 8; two miles off, 2; citizens of town after leaving town, 6 – total 26. There has not been less than 175 of the citizens of Fayetteville in the limits of the corporation during the prevalence of cholera.”

[42] “The cholera has entirely abated from Fayetteville… There have been 34 deaths in town and 12 in the country.”

[43] Stand-in estimate until better figure located. Based on statement “…the cholera is raging in that place [Knoxville], and a letter says six or eight deaths occur daily.” Have taken average of “six or eight” and multiplied by 3 days.

[44] “On the 3d of June the disease was reported on a plantation near Memphis. On the 20^th of June, Nashville was infected.” (McClellan 1875, 636.) Another account: “Cholera appeared again in North America in 1853-54…The disease was spread along the Mississippi River from both foci [New Orleans and St. Louis] but probably the descending wave from St. Louis reached Memphis first. Cases were found at the Memphis landing as early as the middle of April but sporadic cases among the towns-people did not start until the 18^th of May.{Editorial. Memphis Medical Recorder, 3:35-26, 1854.] The disease never assumed serious proportions in Memphis, however, during this epidemic.” (Bruesch, Dr. The Disasters and Epidemics of a River Town: Memphis, Tennessee, 1819-1879. p. 297.)

[45] Table is in Bowling. Cholera, as it Appeared in Nashville, in 1849, 1850, 1854 and 1866. 1866, p. 5. Notes 16 cholera interments in May, 61 in June and 11 July 1-11.

[46] Irish workers and family members named in a July 31 letter from Claudius Crozet, the project chief engineer, to the editor of the Jeffersonian Republican, Charlottesville, VA. The deaths were in the space of “about a week.”

[47] Cites Staunton Spectator report of July 26, based on a Richmond Dispatch article.

[48] Cites Staunton Spectator report of July 31, based on a Richmond Enquirer article: “‘From a statement made in the Richmond Enquirer of Tuesday last,’ the Spectator announced on July 31, ‘there had been up to that time, 125 deaths from Cholera from the 19^th of June, the day the first case occurred’.”

[49] “In September, 1854, the Asiatic cholera–that terrible pestilence ‘which walketh in darkness, and wasteth in noonday’–struck the affrighted population of Martinsburg…Hundreds fled from the place with precipitation…The carnage was that of a battle field. One hundred and eleven of our citizens fell victims to its fury.”

[50] Does not note death toll. Writes: “In 1854, the cholera ran wild through some portions of the county, and many in the flush of youth and health took on the pale seal of the master of mortality, and were laid to rest in the village churchyard. The first victim to the disease in Shullsburg was Dr. A. P. Ladd, who died July 26 of that year, and, while the death rate of this town was not so heavy as at other points, those who were here and witnessed its visitation bear testimony that it was bad enough.”

[51] “Buffalo, Monday, July 24. The steamer Mississippi, on her downward trip from Sandusky yesterday, had three fatal case of Cholera on board. They were all firemen…”

[52] Presumably this is for the week July 23-29, in that the preceding sentence deals with cholera deaths in New York City during that week.

[53] The New York Times and the New York Daily Times are one and the same. The reason they are listed differently is that on Newspaperarchive.com the actual page comes up and one can see the name as the New York Daily Times. In the New York Times archives, only the article comes up, and it is listed as the New York Times.