Compiled by B. Wayne Blanchard, Dec 2012; modified Jan 2020, for website: Deadliest American Disasters and Large-Loss-Of-Life Events. https://www.usdeadlyevents.com/

–35,379 US Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 8, 1902, p. 228.[1]

Summary of State Breakouts

Alabama 1,713 Oregon 106

Arizona 41 Pennsylvania 2,779

Arkansas 1,172 Rhode Island 102

California 512 South Carolina 970

Colorado 222 South Dakota 73

Connecticut 249 Tennessee 1,709

Delaware 90 Texas 2,013

District of Columbia 225 Utah 73

Florida 290 Vermont 107

Georgia 1,685 Virginia 914

Idaho 37 Washington 171

Illinois 926 West Virginia 671

Indiana 1,496 Wisconsin 865

Iowa 549 Wyoming 16

Kansas 688

Kentucky 1,669

Louisiana 1,077

Maine 200

Maryland 510

Massachusetts 625

Michigan 289

Minnesota 386

Mississippi 1,370

Missouri 1,790

Montana 42

Nevada 12

New Hampshire 69

New Jersey 398

New Mexico 102

New York 1,776

North Carolina 1,250

North Dakota 65

Ohio 1,795

Oklahoma 201

Breakout of Census Year 1899-1900 Typhoid Fever Deaths by State and Sample Localities

AL 1,713 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 120.

31 Mobile, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 79.

AZ 41 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 120.

AR 1,172 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 120.

CA 512 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 121.

51 Los Angeles, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, 78.

22 Oakland, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 79.

135 San Fran., census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 78.

CO 222 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 121.

57 Denver, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 78.

31 Pueblo, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 79.

CT 249 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 126.

11 Bridgeport, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p.79.

11 Bristol, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 80.

45 Hartford, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 79.

33 New Haven, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, 78.

21 Waterbury, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p.79.

DE 90 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 127.

50 Wilmington, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, 79.

DC 225 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 132.

FL 290 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 132.

19 Jacksonville, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, 79.

GA 1,685 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 132.

1,766 Wilson. Drugs and Pharmacy in the Life of Georgia, 1733-1959. 1959, p. 242.^[2]

98 Atlanta, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 79.

107 Savannah, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 79.

ID 37 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 133.

IL 926 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 133.

10 Aurora, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 80.

14 Belleville, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 80.

470 Chicago, census year. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p.78.

337 Chicago, 1900 calendar year. Jordan. “Typhoid Fever…in Chicago.” p. 3.

17 Danville, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 80.

10 Jacksonville, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, 80.

IN 1,496 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 138.

45 Evansville, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p.79.

77 Indianapolis, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, 78.

IA 549 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 139.

23 Davenport, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p.79.

15 Keokuk, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 80.

18 Marshalltown, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, 80

13 Muscatine, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p.80.

18 Ottumwa, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 80.

13 Sioux City, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p.79.

KS 688 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 144.

11 Hutchinson, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, 80.

17 Wichita, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 80.

KY 1,669 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 144.

150 Louisville, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 78.

31 Paducah, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 80.

LA 1,077 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 145.

191 New Orleans, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, 78.

30 Shreveport, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p80.

ME 200 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 145.

18 Bangor, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 80.

13 Biddeford, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 80.

21 Portland, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 79.

MD 510 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 150.

177 Baltimore, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p.78.

189 Baltimore, 1900 calendar yr. Rohrer. “MD’s An. Typhoid Problem.” MMJ, 59.[3]

MA 625 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 150.

153 Boston, census year. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 78.

143 Boston, 1900 calendar year. Jordan. “Typhoid Fever…in Chicago.” p. 5.^[4]

19 Cambridge, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p79.

23 Fall River, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 78.

13 Holyoke, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 79.

18 Lowell, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 79.

13 Lynn, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 79.

16 New Bedford, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, 79

17 Somerville, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p79.

18 Springfield, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p79.

21 Worcester, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p.78.

MI 289 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 163.

54 Detroit, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 78.

34 Grand Rapids, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, 79.

15 Menominee, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, 80.

MN 386 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 168.

23 Duluth, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 79.

83 Minneapolis, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, 78.

36 St. Paul, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 79.

MS 1,370 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 169.

27 Natchez, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 80.

MO 1,790 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 169.

125 Kansas City, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, 78.

37 St. Joseph, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 78.

199 St. Louis, census year. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p78.

MT 42 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 174.

NE 260 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 174.

41 Omaha, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 78.

24 Omaha, 1900 calendar yr. Lumsden. “Report…Typhoid Fever at Omaha…” p.16.

NV 12 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 175.

NH 69 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 175.

NJ 398 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 180.

356 State, calendar year. NJ Board of Health. 31^st Annual Report of… 1908, p. 10.[5]

22 Camden, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 79.

19 Hoboken, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 79.

46 Jersey City, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p78.

31 Patterson, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 78.

25 Trenton, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 79.

NM 102 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 181.

NY 1,776 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 186.

1,948 State, calendar year. NY Dept. of Health. Annual Report of…1917, p. 540.^[6]

41 Albany, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 78.

88 Buffalo, census year. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 78.

53 Cohoes, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 80.

594 NYC, census year. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p.78.

372 NYC, 1900 calendar year. Jordan. “Typhoid Fever…in Chicago.” p. 3.^[7]

718 NYC, 1900 calendar year. NY Dept. of Health. Annual Report of…1917, p. 544.^[8]

38 Rochester, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 79.

25 Syracuse, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 78.

53 Troy, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 79.

NC 1,250 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 193.

10 Wilmington, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, 80.

ND 65 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 198.

OH 1,795 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 198.

106 Cincinnati, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p.78.

184 Cleveland, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 78.

68 Columbus, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p.78.

45 Dayton, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 79.

12 Ironton, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 80.

53 Toledo, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 78.

51 Youngstown, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, 79.

OK 201 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 204.

OR 106 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 204.

22 Portland, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 79.

PA 2,779 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 204.

134 Allegheny, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p.78.

18 Erie, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 79.

20 Harrisburg, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p.79.

35 Johnstown, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p.79.

15 McKeesport, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, 79.

42 New Castle, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, 79.

489 Philadelphia, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, 78.
449 Philadelphia, 1900 calendar yr. City of Philadelphia. An. Rpt. (V. III), 1907, p103.^[9]

474 Pittsburgh, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p.78.

35 Reading, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 79.

41 Scranton, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p.78.

14 Wilkes Barre, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, 79

RI 102 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 211.

12 Newport, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 80.

52 Providence, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p78.

SC 970 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 211.

70 Charleston, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p.79.

SD 73 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 216.

TN 1,709 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 216.

TX 2,013 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 217.

44 San Antonio, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, 79.

UT 73 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 217.

16 Salt Lake City, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, 79.

VT 107 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 217.

VA 914 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 222.

11 Alexandria, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p80.

17 Lynchburg, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p80.

27 Norfolk, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 79.

18 Petersburg, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p.80.

66 Richmond, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 78

WA 171 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 222.

31 Seattle, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 78.

19 Spokane, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 79.

WV 671 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 223.

26 Wheeling, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 79.

WI 865 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 223.

19 Marinette, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p. 80.

52 Milwaukee, census yr. Census data cited by Fulton. “Typhoid Fever,” JAMA, p78.

WY 16 Census. Census Reports Vol. IV…Vital Statistics of Deaths. Table 7, 1902, p. 226.

Narrative Information

Census on data from 10 “registration” states (CT, IN, MD, MA, MI, NJ, NJ, NY, RI, VT), DC, and 37 “registration” cities with 100,000 population or more for five years, 1900-1904: “…the death rates from typhoid fever in the United States were higher than in any of the European countries except Italy, and were very much higher than in most of those for which the figures are given. It indicates that there is room for a great improvement in the application of well-known measures for the prevention of this disease.” For example in 1900 England and Wales had a death rate of 17.3 per 100,000 population, Scotland showed 17.3, Ireland 17.0 and German 11.0. The U.S. death rate within registration areas was 35.9. (U.S. Bureau of the Census. Special Reports. Mortality Statistics 1900 to 1904. 1906, p. xxi.)

“The greatest mortality from this disease occurred in the cities in the nonregistration states, in which the average annual rate was 46.8 per 100,000. Excluding the District of Columbia, which is urban, the highest average rates in the registration states occurred in Indiana and Maine, and the lowest in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and New Jersey.

“Comparing the rural and urban districts of the registration states it will be seen that the mortality from typhoid fever was greater in the rural districts than in the cities in each year except 1904, in which it was very slightly greater in the cities….

“By far the greatest mortality from this disease in the large cities occurred in Pittsburg, Pa., the rate being more than 120 in each year, and ranging from 144.3 in 1900 to 123.8 in 1901, with an average annual rate of 137. The next highest rates occurred in the adjoining city of Allegheny [annexed by Pittsburg in 1907], being over 100 for each of the three years 1902- to 1904, and averaging 103.4 for the five-year period.

“Other of the principal cities in which the average annual death rate from typhoid fever was excessively high are Cincinnati, Ohio (55.8); Cleveland, Ohio (58.7); Columbus, Ohio (65.8); Louisville, Ky. (58.5); and Washington, D.C. (62.8). The average annual mortality from this disease was much below the average in Fall River, Mass. (19.8); Jersey City, N.J. (18.6); Milwaukee, Wis. (17.1); New York, N.Y. (19.2); Omaha, Nebr. (19.1); Rochester, N.Y. (14.9); St. Joseph, Mo. (13.9); St. Paul Minn. (14.8); Syracuse, N.Y. (18.7); and Worcester, Mass. (16). …

“…the minor cities in which the death rate from typhoid fever exceeded 100 in one or more years:” [for 1900 shows Berlin NH at 123.8; Bristol town, CT at 134.8; Charleston, SC at 132.6; Cohoes, NY at 117.1; Columbia IN at 123.0; Duluth MN at 109.5; Escanaba MI at 125.7; Findlay OH at 113.6; Fresno CA at 240.6; Johnstown PA at 130.8; Leadville CO at 104.4; Lynchburg VA at 121.8, Massillon OH at 100.5, Muscatine IA at 120.8, Newcastle PA at 138.6; Niagara Falls, NY 107.9; Paducah, KY 138.8; Richmond VA 104.6, Superior WI 115.8; Troy NY 131.9, Wilmington, NC 100.1.]

(U.S. Bureau of the Census. Special Reports. Mortality Statistics 1900 to 1904. 1906, p. xxii.)

Sources

City of Philadelphia. First Annual Message of John E. Reyburn, Mayor of the City of Philadelphia with the Annual Reports of the Departments of Public Health and Charities, Supplies, Public Education, Law, City Controller, City Treasurer, Commissioners of the Sinking Funds, Receiver of Taxes, and Board of Revision of Taxes for the Year Ending December 31, 1907 (Vol. III). Philadelphia: Dunlap Printing Co., 1908. Google digitized. Assessed 12-5-2012: http://books.google.com/books?id=0ihNAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Fulton, John S., M.D. “Typhoid Fever.” Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. XLII, No. 2, pp. 73-80, 1-9-1904, Chicago. Accessed 1-4-2020 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=i7VJAAAAYAAJ&q=typhoid#v=snippet&q=typhoid&f=true

Jordan, Edwin Oakes. “Typhoid Fever and Water Supply in Chicago.” The Journal of the American Medical Association, 12-20-1902. Accessed 12-24-2019 at: http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/10723.html

Lumsden, L. L. “Report on an Outbreak of Typhoid Fever at Omaha, Nebr. – (1909-1910).” Hygienic Laboratory Bulletin No. 72, November 1910. U.S. Treasury Department, Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the United States. Washington: GPO, 1910. Accessed 12-24-2019 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=ECdDAAAAYAAJ&ppis=_c&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

New Jersey Board of Health. Thirty-First Annual Report of the Board of Health of the State of New Jersey, 1907, and Annual Report of the Bureau of Vital Statistics. Trenton: John L. Murphy Publishing Co., 1908. Google digitized at: http://books.google.com/books?id=XDAcX3uIVssC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

New York State Department of Health. Thirty-Eighth Annual Report of the State Department of Health of New York For the Year Ending December 31, 1917 (Vol. 1). Albany: J. B. Lyon Co., 1918. Google preview accessed 6-3-2018 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=XE49AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Rohrer, C. C. G., M.D. “MD’s Annual Typhoid Problem.” Maryland Medical Journal, Vol. LV, No. 3, March 1912. Accessed 12-24-2019 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=VY9FAAAAYAAJ&ppis=_c&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

United States Bureau of the Census. Special Reports. Mortality Statistics 1900 to 1904. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1906, 990 pages. Accessed 1-11-2017 at: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsushistorical/mortstatsh_1900-1904.pdf

United States Census Office, Department of the Interior. Census Reports Volume IV, Twelfth Census of the United States, Taken in the Year 1900. Vital Statistics Part II, Statistics of Deaths. Washington: U.S. Census Office, 1902. At: http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html

Wilson, Robert Cumming. Drugs and Pharmacy in the Life of Georgia, 1733-1959. 1959. Paperback edition published by University of Georgia Press (Athens), 2010. Partially Google digitized at: http://books.google.com/books?id=bNqilBFdfJ4C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

[1] State death statistics are from Table 7. “Deaths in the United States, each State, State group and Registration city, during the Census year ending May 31, 1900, from each reported cause.” The Census year began on June 1, 1899, and ended May 31, 1900, thus the Census year and data are not reflective of the calendar year 1899 nor 1900.

[2] Writes this is of reported cases and that “unreported or undiagnosed cases probably a multiple of this number.”

[3] Cites: Dr. James Bosley, Health Commissioner of the city of Baltimore.

[4] Cites City of Boston Department of Health annual reports.

[5] “Table 6. – Showing Number of Deaths in New Jersey from Certain Classified Diseases for Twenty-Eight Years, 1879-1906.”

[6] From: Table 19 — Movement of mortality from certain important causes of death in New York State, showing the annual number of deaths and death rates per 100,000 population: 1885-1917.

[7] Cites New York City Department of Health annual reports.

[8] From Table 21 — Comparative movement of mortality from the chief communicable diseases in New York city and rest of State, showing the annual number of deaths and death rates p4er 100,000 population: 1898-1917. [We speculate the larger number includes all boroughs, especially Brooklyn, whereas we speculate the lower does not.

[9] Table entitled “Typhoid Fever Deaths from 1862 to 1907, inclusive, by Wards.

1899-1900, Jun-May, Typhoid, esp. PA/2.8K, TX/2K, AL/GA/KY/MO/NY/OH/TN~1.7K –35,379