9,192

lornajarrettblanchard January 1, 1897

Compiled by B. Wayne Blanchard, Dec 2012; modified June 2018 and Dec 2019, for website: Deadliest American Disasters and Large-Loss-Of-Life Events. https://www.usdeadlyevents.com/

–9,192 Blanchard tally based on State and local breakouts below.

Summary of State Breakouts Below

Alabama ( 16) Mobile (16)

California ( 99) San Francisco (47), Los Angeles (25)

Colorado ( 55) Denver (48)

Connecticut ( 326)

Delaware ( 14) Wilmington (14)

District of Columbia ( 121)

Florida ( 16)

Georgia ( 2)

Illinois ( 442) Chicago (437)

Indiana ( 655)

Iowa ( 37)

Kentucky ( 66) Louisville ( 66)

Louisiana ( 131) New Orleans (127)

Maine ( 11) Portland ( 11)

Maryland ( 411) Baltimore (189)

Massachusetts ( 1,185) Boston (173)

Michigan ( 774)

Minnesota ( 201) Minneapolis (148), Duluth (33)

Missouri ( 157) St. Louis (125)

Nebraska ( 25) Omaha ( 25)

Nevada ( 1) Virginia City

New Hampshire ( 137)

New Jersey ( 478)

New York (1,351-1,585) (1,468 average of two numbers – used in tally)

North Carolina ( 52)

Ohio ( 1,213) Cleveland ( 73)

Oregon ( 17) Portland ( 17)

Pennsylvania ( 803) Philadelphia (401), Pittsburgh (184), Allegheny (79)

Rhode Island ( 17) Providence ( 16)

South Carolina ( 35) Charleston ( 35)

Tennessee ( 95) Nashville/41, Memphis/32, Chattanooga, Knoxville

Texas ( 2) Galveston

Utah ( 25) Salt Lake City ( 25)

Vermont ( 6)

Virginia ( 31) Lynchburg/8, Norfolk/10, Petersburg/6, Richmond/7

Washington ( 13) Seattle ( 11), Spokane ( 2)

West Virginia ( 15) Wheeling ( 15)

Wisconsin ( 40) Milwaukee ( 31)

Breakout of 1897 Typhoid Fever Deaths by State and Locality (where noted):

Alabama ( 16) Mobile

–1 Mobile Jan 10-17 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/4, 1-22-1897, p. 74.

–1 “ Jan 30-Feb 6 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/7, 2-12-1897, p. 154.

–1 “ May 16-22 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/22, 5-28-1897, p. 524.

–1 “ May 30-Jun 5 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/25, 6-18-1897, p. 594.

–1 “ June 20-26 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/27, 7-2-1897, p. 645.

–2 “ June 27-July 3 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/28, 7-9-1897, p. 669.

–1 “ July 18-24 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/31, 7-30-1897, p. 785.

–1 “ July 25-31 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/32, 8-6-1897, p. 818.

–1 “ Aug 1-7 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/33, 8-18-1897, p. 842.

–1 “ Aug 15-21 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/35, 8-27-1897, p. 899.

–1 “ Aug 29-Sep 4 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/38, 9-17-1897, p. 988.

–2 “ Sep 5-11 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/38, 9-17-1897, p. 988.

–1 “ Sep 12-18 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/40, 10-1-1897, p.1050.

–1 “ Oct 10-16 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/44, 10-29-1897, p1172

California ( 99) San Francisco (47), Los Angeles (25)

— 2 Los Angeles Jan USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/8, 2-19-1897, p. 179.

— 1 “ Feb USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/12, 3-19-1897, p. 274.

— 1 “ March USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/17, 4-23-1897, p. 402.

— 1 “ April USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/21, 5-21-1897, p. 498.

— 2 “ May USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/27, 7-2-1897, p. 643.

— 4 “ June USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/30, 7-23-1897, p. 745.

— 3 “ Aug USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/39, 9-24-1897, p.1018.

— 2 “ Sep USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/43, 10-22-1897, p1138

— 2 “ Oct USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/47, 11-19-1897, p1262

— 3 “ Nov USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/51, 12-17-1897, p1376

— 4 “ Dec USMHS. Public Health Reports, 13/3, 1-21-1898, p. 51.

— 1 Oakland Feb USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/13, 3-26-1897, p. 302.

— 1 “ May USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/25, 6-18-1897, p. 592.

— 2 “ Sep USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/43, 10-22-1897, p1138

— 1 “ Oct USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/47, 11-19-1897, p1262

— 1 “ Dec USMHS. Public Health Reports, 13/4, 1-28-1898, p. 72.

— 1 Sacramento Jan USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/8, 2-19-1897, p. 179.

— 1 “ June USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/30, 7-23-1897, p. 745.

— 1 “ Sep USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/43, 10-22-1897, p1138

— 1 “ Dec USMHS. Public Health Reports, 13/3, 1-21-1898, p. 51.

–13 San Francisco Jan USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/10, 3-5-1897, p. 227.

— 1 “ Feb 7-13 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/9, 2-19-1897, p. 206.

— 1 “ Feb 14-20 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/10, 3-5-1897, p. 229.

— 3 “ Mar 1-13 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/17, 4-23-1897, p. 402.

— 1 “ Mar 14-20 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/14, 4-2-1897, p. 327.

— 3 “ Mar 8-Apr 3 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/16, 4-16-1897, p. 379.

— 1 “ April 11-17 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/19, 5-7-1897, p. 443.

— 1 San Francisco April 18-30 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/21, 5-21-1897, p. 498.

— 3 “ May USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/25, 6-18-1897, p. 594.

— 4 “ June USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/30, 7-23-1897, p. 745.

— 3 “ July USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/35, 8-27-1897, p. 898.

— 4 “ Aug USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/39, 9-24-1897, p.1018.

— 4 “ Sep USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/44, 10-29-1897, p1171

— 5 “ Oct USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/48, 11-26-1897, p1290

— 1 Santa Barbara Jan 10-16 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/5, 1-29-1897, p. 112.

— 1 “ Feb 7-13 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/9, 2-19-1897, p. 206.

— 1 “ Feb 14-20 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/10, 3-5-1897, p. 229.

— 1 “ June 13-19 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/27, 7-2-1897, p. 646.

— 2 “ Oct 9-16 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/44, 10-29-1897, p1173

— 1 “ Dec 12-18 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/53, 12-31-1897, p1428

— 6 Locales not noted. Feb USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/13, 3-26-1897, p. 302.

— 4 Locales not noted. March USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/18, 4-30-1897, p. 422.

Colorado ( 55) Denver (48)

— 2 Colorado Springs. Sep USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/43, 10-22-1897, p1138

–48 Denver Year CO Med. Jour., “Dr. Hughes…,” 4/11., Nov 1898, 428.

— 2 Pueblo May 23-29 USMHS. Public Health Reports,12/24, 6-11-1897, p. 570.

— 1 “ July 18-24 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/32, 8-6-1897, p. 818.

— 1 “ Sep 19-25 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/41, 10-8-1897, p.1085.

— 1 “ Sep 26-Oct 2 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/41, 10-8-1897, p.1085.

Connecticut ( 326)

–326 Year. Wilcox. “Typhoid Fever…” Med. Review, 5/5, 5-25-1899, 376.^[1]

Delaware ( 14) Wilmington

–1 Wilmington April 18-24 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/19, 5-7-1897, p. 444.

–1 “ May 23-29 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/23, 6-4-1897, p. 550.

–1 “ June 6-12 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/25, 6-18-1897, p. 594.

–1 “ July 3-10 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/29, 7-16-1897, p. 699.

–1 “ Aug 15-21 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/35, 8-27-1897, p. 900.

–3 “ Sep 19-25 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/40, 10-1-1897, p.1050.

–1 “ Oct 9-16 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/44, 10-29-1897, p1173

–1 “ Oct 31-Nov 6 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/48, 11-26-1897, p1292

–3 “ Nov 21-27 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/51, 12-17-1897, p1377

–1 “ Dec 5-11 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/51, 12-17-1897, p1376

District of Columbia ( 121)

— 121 Year. DC Department of Health. Report of the Health Officer. 1907, p. 219.^[2]

Florida ( 16)

–5 45 counties report Jan USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/20, 5-14-1897, p. 472.

–1 Jacksonville May 2-8 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/20, 5-14-1897, p. 474.

–1 “ May 16-22 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/23, 6-4-1897, p. 550.

–1 “ Oct 9-16 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/44, 10-29-1897, p1172

–1 “ Oct 31, Nov 6 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/46, 11-12-1897, p1229

–1 “ Dec 12-18 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/53, 12-31-1897, p1428

–1 Pensacola March USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/16, 4-16-1897, p. 376.

–1 “ July 4-10 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/30, 7-23-1897, p. 747.

–1 “ Aug 15-21 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/35, 8-27-1897, p. 900.

–1 Tampa Feb USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/13, 3-26-1897, p. 302.

–1 “ Sep USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/43, 10-22-1897, p1138

–1 West Tampa Oct 3-9 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/43, 10-22-1897, p1140

Georgia ( 2)

–2 Columbus July USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/33, 8-18-1897, p. 840.

Illinois ( 442) Chicago (437)

–437 Chicago Year Jordan. “Typhoid Fever…Chicago.” JAMA, 12-20-1902, p3.[3]

— 2 Springfield Oct 19-25 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/45, 11-5-1897, p.1200.

— 2 “ Oct 26-Nov 1 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/46, 11-12-1897, p1229

— 1 “ Dec 26-Jan 1 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 13/1, 1-7-1898, p. 8.

Indiana ( 655)

— 655 State, year. Osler. The Problem of Typhoid Fever in the United States. 1899, p. 9.^[4]

Iowa ( 37)

–1 Boone July USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/38, 9-17-1897, p. 985.

–1 Cedar Rapids May USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/26, 6-25-1897, p. 615.

–1 “ Oct USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/50, 12-10-1897, p1340

–1 Clinton Jan USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/9, 2-19-1897, p. 204.

–1 “ May USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/26, 6-25-1897, p. 615.

–1 Davenport May USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/26, 6-25-1897, p. 615.

–1 “ Aug USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/40, 10-1-1897, p.1049.

–1 Des Moines July USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/41, 10-8-1897, p.1082.

–4 “ Sep USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/45, 11-5-1897, p1198.

–6 “ Nov USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/53, 12-31-1897, p1427

–2 Dubuque May USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/26, 6-25-1897, p. 615.

–1 “ July USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/41, 10-8-1897, p.1082.

–2 “ Sep USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/50, 12-10-1897, p1341

–5 “ Nov USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/53, 12-31-1897, p1427

–2 Keokuk Sep USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/50, 12-10-1897, p1341

–1 Ottumwa Jan USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/9, 2-19-1897, p. 204.

–1 “ Sep USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/50, 12-10-1897, p1341

–1 “ Oct USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/50, 12-10-1897, p1341

–4 Rock Rapids Sep USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/45, 11-5-1897, p1198.

–1 Sioux City Jan USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/9, 2-19-1897, p. 204.

Kentucky ( 66) Louisville

— 7 Louisville Jan USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/7, 2-12-1897, p. 153.

— 5 “ March USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/16, 4-16-1897, p. 376.

— 7 “ April USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/20, 5-14-1897, p. 472.

— 4 “ July USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/33, 8-18-1897, p. 840.

–15 “ Sep USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/43, 10-22-1897, p1138

–13 “ Oct USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/47, 11-19-1897, p1262

–15 “ Nov USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/50, 12-10-1897, p1341

Louisiana ( 131) New Orleans (127)

–3 New Orleans Jan 3-9 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/4, 1-22-1897, p. 74.

–4 “ Jan 17-23 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/6, 2-5-1897, p. 133.

–2 “ Jan 24-30 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/7, 2-12-1897, p. 154.

–1 “ Feb 7-13 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/9, 2-19-1897, p. 206.

–1 “ Feb 20-27 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/11, 3-12-1897, p. 249.

–2 “ Mar 14-20 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/14, 4-2-1897, p. 326.

–2 “ Mar 28-Apr 3 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/16, 4-16-1897, p. 378.

–3 “ Apr 4-10 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/17, 4-23-1897, p. 404.

–1 “ April 18-24 USMHS. Public Health Report , 12/18, 4-30-1897, p. 424.

–2 “ Apr 25-May 1 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/20, 5-14-1897, p. 474.

–2 “ May 2-8 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/21, 5-21-1897, p. 500.

–1 “ May 16-22 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/23, 6-4-1897, p. 550.

–3 “ May 23-29 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/24, 6-11-1897, p. 570.

–3 “ May 30-Jun 5 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/25, 6-18-1897, p. 594.

–4 “ June 6-12 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/26, 6-25-1897, p. 619.

–6 “ June 20-26 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/28, 7-9-1897, p. 670.

–5 “ June 27-July 3 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/29, 7-16-1897, p. 698.

–5 “ July 4-10 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/30, 7-23-1897, p. 747.

–3 “ July 11-17 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/31, 7-30-1897, p. 785.

–7 “ July 18-24 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/31, 7-30-1897, p. 785.

–5 “ July 25-31 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/33, 8-18-1897, p. 842.

–3 “ Aug 15-21 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/35, 8-27-1897, p. 899.

–5 “ Aug 22-28 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/37, 9-10-1897, p. 956.

–2 “ Aug 29-Sep 4 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/38, 9-17-1897, p. 989.

–2 “ Sep 5-11 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/39, 9-24-1897, p.1020.

–4 “ Sep 12-18 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/41, 10-8-1897, p.1084.

–1 “ Sep 19-25 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/41, 10-8-1897, p.1084.

–3 “ Sep 26-Oct 2 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/42, 10-15-1897, p1108

–3 “ Oct 9-16 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/44, 10-29-1897, p1172

–6 New Orleans Oct 24-30 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/46, 11-12-1897, p1229

–3 “ Oct 31-Nov 6 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/47, 11-19-1897, p1266

–7 “ Nov 7-13 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/48, 11-26-1897, p1291

–6 “ Nov 21-27 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/50, 12-10-1897, p1345

–3 “ Nov 28-Dec 4 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/51, 12-17-1897, p1376

–4 “ Dec 5-11 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/51, 12-17-1897, p1376

–4 “ Dec 12-18 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/53, 12-31-1897, p1428

–2 “ Dec 19-25 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 13/1, 1-7-1898, p. 8.

–4 “ Dec 26-Jan 1 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 13/2, 1-14-1898, p. 32.

–1 Shreveport March USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/16, 4-16-1897, p. 376.

–2 “ June USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/30, 7-23-1897, p. 745.

–1 “ July USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/33, 8-18-1897, p. 840.

Maine ( 11) Portland

–1 Portland Jan 3-9 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/3, 1-15-1897, p. 53.

–1 “ Feb 21-Mar 20 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/14, 4-2-1897, p. 324.

–1 “ Mar 21-Apr 14 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/20, 5-14-1897, p. 472.

–1 “ Apr 15-May 15 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/22, 5-28-1897, p.518.

–2 “ May 16-Jun 12 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/27, 7-2-1897, p. 643.

–2 “ June 13-July 3 USMHS. Public Health Reports,12/30, 7-23-1897, p. 745.

–3 “ Sep 5-11 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/38, 9-17-1897, p. 989.

Maryland ( 411) Baltimore (189)

–411 Statewide Year Rohrer. “MD’s Annual Typhoid Problem.” Mar 1912, p.60.

–189 Baltimore –222 MD Counties

Massachusetts (1,185) Boston (173)

–1,185 Year. Wilcox. “Typhoid Fever in [NY]…1898.” Med. Review…, 5/5, 5-25-1899, 376.^[5]

— 173 Boston Year Jordan. “Typhoid Fever…Chicago.” JAMA, 12-20-1902, 5.^[6]

Michigan ( 774)

— 774 State, year. Osler. The Problem of Typhoid Fever in the United States. 1899, p. 10.^[7]

Minnesota ( 201) Minneapolis (148), Duluth (33)

— 33 Duluth Year Reed, et al. Report…Origin and Spread of Typhoid… 1898, p. 300.

–148 Minneapolis Year Reed, et al. Report…Origin and Spread of Typhoid… 1898, 300.^[8]

— 2 St. Paul March USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/17, 4-23-1897, p. 402.

— 2 “ April USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/21, 5-21-1897, p. 499.

— 1 “ May USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/26, 6-25-1897, p. 616.

— 1 “ June USMHS. Public Health Reports,12/30, 7-23-1897, p. 746.

— 3 St. Paul Sep USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/43, 10-22-1897, p1139

— 3 “ Oct USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/48, 11-26-1897, p1290

— 6 “ Nov USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/52, 12-24-1897, p1402

— 1 Winona March 7-13 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/13, 3-26-1897, p. 305.

— 1 “ April 11-17 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/18, 4-30-1897, p. 425.

Missouri ( 157) St. Louis (125)

— 1 Kansas City March USMHS. Public Health Reports, Vol. 12.

— 5 “ April USMHS. Public Health Reports, Vol. 12.

— 1 “ May USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/27, 7-2-1897, p. 643.

— 6 “ June USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/31, 7-30-1897, p. 784.

— 1 “ July USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/35, 8-27-1897, p. 898.

— 2 “ Aug USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/40, 10-1-1897, p.1049.

— 6 “ Sep USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/44, 10-29-1897, p1171

— 8 “ Oct USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/49, 12-3-1897, p.1320.

— 2 “ Nov USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/52, 12-24-1897, p1402

–125 St. Louis Year Robb. “MO v. IL…the Sanitary District of Chicago.” 497.^[9]

–124 St. Louis Year Reed. …Origin and Spread of Typhoid… 1898, p. 300.

Nebraska ( 25) Omaha

–25 Omaha Year Lumsden. “Report on an Outbreak of Typhoid…” 1910, 16.

Nevada ( 1)

–1 Virginia City Oct 24-30 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/47, 11-19-1897, p1266

New Hampshire ( 137)

–137 Statewide Year NH State Board of Health. “Typhoid Fever.” 1904, p. xvii.[10]

New Jersey ( 478)

–478 Statewide NJ Board of Health. 29^th Annual Report of…. 1905, p. 35.

— 2 Montclair Apr 16 NYT. “More Deaths at Montclair, N.J.” 4-18-1894, p. 1.[11]

New York (1,351-1,585) (1,468 average of two numbers)

–1,585 State, year. Osler. The Problem of Typhoid Fever in the United States. 1899, p. 9.^[12]

–1,351 State, year. New York Dept. of Health. 38^th Annual Report…1917, V. 1, p. 540.^[13]

— 84 Albany, year. Reed, et al. Report…Origin and Spread of Typhoid… 1898, p. 300.

— 63 Buffalo, year. Reed, et al. Report…Origin and Spread of Typhoid… 1898, p. 300.

— 299 NYC, year. Reed, et al. Report…Origin and Spread of Typhoid… 1898, p. 300.

North Carolina ( 52)

— 2 Statewide Jan USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/12, 3-19-1897, p. 274.

— 2 “ Feb USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/15, 4-9-1897, p. 349.

— 1 24 towns report. March USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/20, 5-14-1897, p. 473.

— 3 24 towns report. April USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/26, 6-25-1897, p. 617.

— 4 22 towns report. May USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/28, 7-9-1897, p. 669.

–16 24 towns report. July USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/38, 9-17-1897, p. 987.

— 3 19 towns report. Aug USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/43, 10-22-1897, p1139

–16 23 towns report. Sep USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/47, 11-19-1897, p1263

— 5 22 towns report. Nov USMHS. Public Health Reports, 13/2, 1-14-1898, p. 30.

Ohio (1,214) Cleveland (73)

–1,213 Statewide Year OH Sec. of State. Annual Report… Nov 15, 1897, 714-15.

— 73 Cleveland Year Reed. …Origin and Spread of Typhoid… 1898, p. 300.

Oregon ( 17)

–4 Portland Jan USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/10, 3-5-1897, p. 227.

–1 “ Feb USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/12, 3-19-1897, p. 274.

–2 “ March USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/17, 4-23-1897, p. 403.

–2 “ April USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/23, 6-4-1897, p. 549.

–1 “ May USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/29, 7-16-1897, p. 696.

–5 “ June USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/33, 8-18-1897, p. 840.

–2 “ Oct USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/48, 11-26-1897, p1290

Pennsylvania ( 803) Philadelphia (401), Pittsburgh (184), Allegheny (79)

— 79 Allegheny. Year Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio River… 1906, 77.

— 11 Beaver Falls. Year Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio River… 1906, 84.

— 1 Braddock June 27-July 3 USMHS. Public Health Reports,12/31, 7-30-1897, p. 785.

— 1 “ Aug 15-21 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/37, 9-10-1897, p. 956.

— 1 “ Dec 26-Jan 1 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 13/3, 1-21-1898, p. 53.

— 1 Butler Feb 7-13 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/10, 3-5-1897, p. 227.

— 1 “ May 28-Jun 5 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/25, 6-18-1897, p. 593.

— 1 “ Nov 7-13 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/52, 12-24-1897, p1403

— 3 Carlisle Jan 24-30 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/6, 2-5-1897, p. 133.

— 2 Dubois. Year Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio River… 1906, 21.

— 9 East Liverpool. Year Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio River… 1906, 86.

— 2 Eldred. Year Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio River... 1906, 6.

— 13 Erie. Year Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio River… 1906, 109.

— 1 Fairchance. Year Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio River… 1906, 41.

— 21 Johnstown. Year Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio River… 1906, 26.

— 8 McKeesport. Year Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio River… 1906, 51.

— 1 Meadville. Year Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio River… 1906, 14.

— 13 Newcastle, PA Year Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio River… 1906, 83.

— 1 Norristown Jan 24-30 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/6, 2-5-1897, p. 133.

— 1 “ June 13-19 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/26, 6-25-1897, p. 619.

— 1 “ June 20-26 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/27, 7-2-1897, p. 645.

— 1 “ July 25-31 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/32, 8-6-1897, p. 818.

— 2 “ Oct 2-9 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/42, 10-15-1897, p1108

— 8 Oil City. Year Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio River… 1906, 11.

–401 Philadelphia. Year City of Philadelphia. 1st Annual Report, V. III, 1907, 103.^[14]

–401 “ Year Reed. Origin and Spread of Typhoid… 1898, p. 300.

–184 Pittsburgh. Year Reed. …Origin and Spread of Typhoid… 1898, p. 300.

— 1 Plymouth May USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/26, 6-25-1897, p. 617.

— 2 “ Sep USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/43, 10-22-1897, p1139

— 1 “ Oct USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/46, 11-12-1897, p1228

— 1 Pottstown Jan 10-16 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/5, 1-29-1897, p. 111.

— 1 “ June 13-19 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/27, 7-2-1897, p. 646.

— 1 Pottsville Sep 3-9 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/38, 9-17-1897, p. 989.

— 2 “ Nov 5-18 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/48, 11-26-1897, p1290

— 1 Reading Jan 5-11 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/3, 1-15-1897, p. 53.

— 2 “ Jan 24-Feb 1 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/6, 2-5-1897, p. 133.

— 1 “ Feb 14-22 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/9, 2-19-1897, p. 206.

— 2 “ Apr 10-26 USMHS. Public Health Reports,12/18, 4-30-1897, p. 425.

— 1 “ Aug 24-30 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/36, 9-3-1897, p. 931.

— 1 “ Nov 16-22 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/48, 11-26-1897, p1292

— 1 “ Dec 14-20 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/52, 12-24-1897, p1403

— 1 “ Dec 25-31 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 13/1, 1-7-1898, p. 8.

— 1 Scranton Jan 24-30 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/6, 2-5-1897, p. 133.

— 1 “ May 16-22 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/22, 5-28-1897, p. 524.

— 2 “ Aug USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/38, 9-17-1897, p. 987.

— 1 “ Oct 24-30 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/45, 11-5-1897, p.1200.

— 1 Titusville. Year Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio River… 1906, 11.

— 4 West Newton. Year Lewis. Quality of Water…Upper Ohio River… 1906, 50.

— 1 Williamsport March USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/20, 5-14-1897, p. 473.

— 4 “ June USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/29, 7-16-1897, p. 696.

— 1 “ Oct USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/47, 11-19-1897, p1262

— 1 “ Nov USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/51, 12-17-1897, p1374

— 1 “ Dec USMHS. Public Health Reports, 13/2, 1-14-1898, p. 31.

Rhode Island ( 17) Providence (16)

— 1 Bristol Sep 26-Oct 2 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/42, 10-15-1897, p1108

–16 Providence Year Providence Registrar’s Office. Report, 1898, p. 39.

South Carolina ( 35) Charleston

–1 Charleston Jan 17-23 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/7, 2-12-1897, p. 154.

–2 “ Feb 14-20 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/11, 3-12-1897, p. 249.

–1 Charleston Feb 28-Mar 6 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/12, 3-19-1897, p. 276.

–1 “ March 7-13 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/13, 3-26-1897, p. 304.

–1 “ Mar 28-Apr 3 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/16, 4-16-1897, p. 378.

–1 “ Apr 4-10 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/18, 4-30-1897, p. 424.

–1 “ Apr 11-17 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/18, 4-30-1897, p. 424.

–1 “ June 13-19 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/27, 7-2-1897, p. 645.

–1 “ June 20-26 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/29, 7-16-1897, p. 698.

–2 “ June 27-July 3 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/29, 7-16-1897, p. 698.

–2 “ July 18-24 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/32, 8-6-1897, p. 817.

–2 “ Aug 8-14 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/35, 8-27-1897, p. 899.

–1 “ Aug 15-21 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/37, 9-10-1897, p. 956.

–1 “ Aug 22-28 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/38, 9-17-1897, p. 988.

–1 “ Aug 29-Sep 4 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/39, 9-24-1897, p.1019.

–1 “ Sep 5-11 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/39, 9-24-1897, p.1019.

–3 “ Sep 12-18 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/40, 10-1-1897, p.1050.

–2 “ Sep 26-Oct 2 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/42, 10-15-1897, p1108

–1 “ Oct 10-16 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/44, 10-29-1897, p1172

–1 “ Oct 31-Nov 6 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/47, 11-19-1897, p1266

–1 “ Nov 14-20 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/49, 12-3-1897, p.1321.

–1 “ Nov 21-27 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/50, 12-10-1897, p1345

–2 “ Dec 5-11 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/52, 12-24-1897, p1403

–1 “ Dec 12-18 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/53, 12-31-1897, p1428

–1 “ Dec 19-25 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 13/2, 1-14-1898, p. 32.

–2 “ Dec 26-Jan 1 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 13/3, 1-21-1898, p. 53.

Tennessee ( 95) Nashville (41), Memphis (32), Chattanooga, Knoxville

— 1 Chattanooga Feb USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/11, 3-12-1897, p. 249.

— 2 “ March USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/16, 4-16-1897, p. 376.

— 2 “ April USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/20, 5-14-1897, p. 473.

— 1 “ June USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/29, 7-16-1897, p. 696.

— 1 “ July USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/33, 8-18-1897, p. 841.

— 1 “ Aug USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/38, 9-17-1897, p. 986.

— 2 “ Dec USMHS. Public Health Reports, 13/2, 1-14-1898, p. 30.

— 2 Knoxville Jan USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/8, 2-19-1897, p. 180.

— 1 “ Sep USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/42, 10-15-1897, p1107

— 2 Memphis Jan 3-9 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/3, 1-15-1897, p. 52.

— 1 “ Feb 21-27 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/10, 3-5-1897, p. 227.

— 1 “ April USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/20, 5-14-1897, p. 473.

— 3 “ May USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/26, 6-25-1897, p. 617.

— 4 “ June USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/29, 7-16-1897, p. 697.

— 5 “ July USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/33, 8-18-1897, p. 841.

— 6 “ Sep USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/43, 10-22-1897, p1139

— 3 “ Oct USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/46, 11-12-1897, p1228

— 2 “ Oct 31-Nov 6 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/46, 11-12-1897, p1229

— 1 “ Nov 7-13 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/47, 11-19-1897, p1266

— 4 “ Dec USMHS. Public Health Reports, 13/3, 1-21-1898, p. 51.

— 1 Nashville Feb USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/12, 3-19-1897, p. 275.

— 1 “ April 18-24 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/19, 5-7-1897, p. 443.

— 1 “ May 30-Jun 5 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/25, 6-18-1897, p. 594.

— 1 “ June 20-26 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/27, 7-2-1897, p. 645.

— 1 “ July 4-10 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/29, 7-16-1897, p. 698.

— 3 “ July 25-31 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/32, 8-6-1897, p. 817.

— 9 “ Aug USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/38, 9-17-1897, p. 986.

–11 “ Sep USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/42, 10-15-1897, p1107

— 3 “ Oct 17-23 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/44, 10-29-1897, p1172

— 1 “ Oct 24-30 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/45, 11-5-1897, p.1200.

— 8 “ Nov USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/51, 12-17-1897, p1375

— 3 “ Dec USMHS. Public Health Reports, 13/3, 1-21-1898, p. 51.

— 5 23 towns report. May USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/26, 6-25-1897, p.617.[15]

Texas ( 2)

–1 Galveston Feb 27-Mar 5 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/16, 4-16-1897, p. 378.

–1 “ April 3-9 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/23, 6-4-1897, p. 550.

Utah ( 25) Salt Lake City

–4 Salt Lake City Jan USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/10, 3-5-1897, p. 227.

–1 “ Feb 28-Mar 6 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/13, 3-26-1897, p. 305.

–1 “ April 18-24 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/19, 5-7-1897, p. 443.

–1 “ July 4-10 USMHS. Public Health Reports,12/30, 7-23-1897, p. 748.

–1 “ July 25-31 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/33, 8-18-1897, p. 842.

–1 “ Aug 15-21 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/36, 9-3-1897, p. 931.

–1 “ Aug 22-29 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/37, 9-10-1897, p. 956.

–1 “ Sep 12-18 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/40, 10-1-1897, p.1050.

–1 “ Sep 19-25 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/41, 10-8-1897, p.1085.

–2 “ Oct 9-16 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/44, 10-29-1897, p1173

–6 “ Oct 24-30 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/46, 11-12-1897, p1229

–5 “ Nov USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/51, 12-17-1897, p1375

Vermont ( 6)

–1 Bennington June 20-26 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/27, 7-2-1897, p. 645.

–1 “ Nov 7-13 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/47, 11-19-1897, p1266

–2 “ Nov 21-27 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/49, 12-3-1897, p.1321.

–1 “ Dec 19-25 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/53, 12-31-1897, p1428

–1 Burlington July USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/37, 9-10-1897, p. 955.

Virginia ( 31) Lynchburg/8, Norfolk/10, Petersburg/6, Richmond/7

–1 Lynchburg May 2-8 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/20, 5-14-1897, p. 474.

–1 “ June 27-July 3 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/28, 7-9-1897, p. 669.

–1 “ Sep 5-11 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/38, 9-17-1897, p. 988.

–1 “ Sep 19-25 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/40, 10-1-1897, p.1050.

–1 “ Oct 24-30 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/45, 11-5-1897, p.1200.

–1 Lynchburg Nov 28-Dec 4 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/50, 12-10-1897, p1345

–2 “ Dec USMHS. Public Health Reports, 13/1, 1-7-1898, p. 7.

–1 Norfolk June USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/31, 7-30-1897, p. 784.

–2 “ Aug USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/39, 9-24-1897, p.1019.

–5 “ Oct USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/48, 11-26-1897, p1290

–2 “ Nov USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/53, 12-31-1897, p1427

–2 Petersburg July USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/33, 8-18-1897, p. 841.

–2 “ Aug USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/37, 9-10-1897, p. 955.

–1 “ Sep 20-26 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/40, 10-1-1897, p.1050.

–1 “ Nov USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/51, 12-17-1897, p1375

–7 Richmond Year Reed. …Origin and Spread of Typhoid… 1898, p. 300.

Washington ( 13)

–2 Seattle Jan 3-9 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/4, 1-22-1897, p. 74.

–1 “ Jan 31-Feb 6 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/8, 2-19-1897, p. 182.

–2 “ June USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/30, 7-23-1897, p. 746.

–4 “ Sep USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/43, 10-22-1897, p1139

–1 “ Nov USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/52, 12-24-1897, p1402

–1 “ Dec USMHS. Public Health Reports, 13/3, 1-21-1898, p. 51.

–1 Spokane June 27-July 3 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/29, 7-16-1897, p. 698.

–1 “ July 4-10 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/30, 7-23-1897, p. 748.

West Virginia ( 15) Wheeling

–2 Wheeling Jan USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/16, 4-16-1897, p. 377.

–3 “ March USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/16, 4-16-1897, p. 377.

–5 “ April USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/29, 7-16-1897, p. 697.

–2 “ May USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/29, 7-16-1897, p. 697.

–1 “ June USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/29, 7-16-1897, p. 697.

–2 “ July-Sep USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/42, 10-15-1897, p1108

Wisconsin ( 40) Milwaukee (31)

— 1 Green Bay Oct 17-23 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/45, 11-5-1897, p.1200.

— 1 “ Nov 14-20 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/49, 12-3-1897, p.1321.

— 1 Marinette Jan 24-30 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/6, 2-5-1897, p. 133.

–31 Milwaukee Year Milwaukee Commissioner of Health. Report. 1898, p. 47.

— 1 Superior July 11-17 USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/31, 7-30-1897, p. 786.

— 2 “ Aug USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/39, 9-24-1897, p.1019.

— 1 “ Sep USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/41, 10-8-1897, p.1083.

— 1 “ Oct USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/46, 11-12-1897, p1228

— 1 “ Nov USMHS. Public Health Reports, 12/50, 12-10-1897, p1341

Narrative Information

Osler on NY: “It is interesting to note, as bearing out what I said in connection with the wide extent of the disease in the country and smaller towns, that these districts of the State, with a percentage of city population under 50 per cent., have a relatively greater death rate. The Maritime district, for example, with 90 per cent. Of city population, has a death rate of only 16+ per 100,000 of population, while the Hudson Valley, with only 40 per cent. Of city population, has 37+, and the Mohawk Valley and Southern Tier, with 31f and 30 per cent. Respectively of city population, figure with 34 and 37+ deaths per 100,000 of population.” (p. 10.) (Osler, William, M.D. The Problem of Typhoid Fever in the United States. Baltimore: John Murphy Co., 1899, p. 9-10.

Sources

City of Philadelphia. First Annual Message of John E. Reyburn, Mayor of the City of Philadelphia with the Annual Reports of the Departments of Public Health and Charities, Supplies, Public Education, Law, City Controller, City Treasurer, Commissioners of the Sinking Funds, Receiver of Taxes, and Board of Revision of Taxes for the Year Ending December 31, 1907 (Vol. III). Philadelphia: Dunlap Printing Co., 1908. Google digitized. Assessed 12-5-2012: http://books.google.com/books?id=0ihNAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Colorado Medical Journal, “Dr. Hughes Feels Hurt,” Vol. IV, No. 11., Nov 1898, 424-430.

District of Columbia Health Officer, Health Department. Report of the Health Officer (Vol. III of Annual Report of the Commissioners of the District of Columbia, Year Ended June 30, 1907). Washington: GPO, 1907. Google digitized at: http://books.google.com/books?id=SjlNAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Jordan, Edwin Oakes. “Typhoid Fever and Water Supply in Chicago.” The Journal of the American Medical Association, 12-20-1902. Accessed 12-24-2019 at: http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/10723.html

Lewis, Samuel James (USGS). Quality of Water in the Upper Ohio River Basis and at Erie, PA (Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 161). Washington: GPO, 1906. Google digitized at: http://books.google.com/books?id=b_UoAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Lumsden. L. L. “Report on an Outbreak of Typhoid Fever at Omaha, Nebr. – (1909-1910).” Hygienic Laboratory Bulletin No. 72, November 1910. U.S. Treasury Department, Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the United States. Washington: GPO, 1910. Accessed 12-24-2019 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=ECdDAAAAYAAJ&ppis=_c&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Milwaukee Commissioner of Health. Report of the Commissioner of Health of Milwaukee (Twenty-First Annual Report of the Department.). April 1898. In: Consolidated Report of the Municipal Officers of the City of Milwaukee, Wis. Comprising the Department of Comptroller, Public Works, Health, Fire, Police, Parks, City Service, for the Year Ending December 31^st, 1897. Milwaukee: Ed. Keogh, Printer, 1898. Google preview accessed 12-24-2019 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=s4CRD0ptySgC&ppis=_c&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

New Hampshire State Board of Health. Eighteenth Report (Fifth Biennial) of the State Board of Health of the State of New Hampshire for the two years ending November 1, 1904. “Typhoid Fever.” Concord, NH: 1904. Google preview accessed 12-27-2019 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=-XkUAQAAMAAJ&ppis=_e&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=1897&f=true

New Jersey Board of Health. 29^th Annual Report of the Board of Health of the State of New Jersey and Annual Report of the Bureau of Vital Statistics. Trenton: 1905. Accessed 12-25-2019 at: https://www.google.com/books/edition/Documents_of_the_Legislature_of_the_Stat/K4NDAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1

New York State Department of Health. Thirty-Eighth Annual Report of the State Department of Health of New York For the Year Ending December 31, 1917 (Vol. 1). Albany: J. B. Lyon Co., 1918. Google preview accessed 6-3-2018 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=XE49AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

New York Times. “More Deaths at Montclair, N.J.” 4-18-1894, p. 1. Accessed 12-25-2019 at: https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1894/04/18/104109093.html?pageNumber=1

Ohio Secretary of State. Annual Report of the Secretary of State to the Governor of the State of Ohio, for the Year Ending November 15, 197. Norwalk, OH: Laning Printing Co. Press, 1898. Google preview accessed 12-24-2019 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=XM5CAQAAMAAJ&ppis=_c&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Osler, William, M.D. (Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University). The Problem of Typhoid Fever in the United States (An Address delivered before the Medical Society of the State of New York, February 1^st, 1899). Baltimore: John Murphy Co., 1899, p. 9. Google digitized: http://books.google.com/books?id=bQsTAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false )

Providence (RI) Registrar’s Office. Report to the Honorable City Council, 2-3-1898. In: City of Providence. Forty-Third Annual Report upon the Births, Marriages and Deaths in the City of Providence for the Year 1897. Providence: Providence Press, 1898. Accessed 12-24-2019 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=HNIzAQAAMAAJ&ppis=_c&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Reed, Walter, Victor C. Vaughan, and Edward O. Shakespeare. Report on the Origin and Spread of Typhoid Fever in U.S. Military Camps During The Spanish War of 1898 (Vol. 1). Washington: GPO, 1904. Google digitized at: http://books.google.com/books?id=XHfhAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Robb, Cairo A. R. (ed.). “Missouri v. Illinois and the Sanitary District of Chicago.” Case in: International Environmental Law Reports, Volume 1, Early Decisions. “Missouri v. Illinois and the Sanitary District of Chicago.” Cambridge, UK: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 1999. Partially Google digitized at: http://books.google.com/books?id=lPfl8R6LPkQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Rohrer, C. C. G., M.D. “MD’s Annual Typhoid Problem.” Maryland Medical Journal, Vol. LV, No. 3, March 1912. Accessed 12-24-2019 at: https://books.google.com/books?id=VY9FAAAAYAAJ&ppis=_c&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

Willcox, W. F. (Cornell Univ.). “Typhoid Fever in New York State in 1898.” Medical Review of Reviews, Vol. 5, No. 5, 5-25-1899, pp. 376-377. Google digitized at: http://books.google.com/books?id=ayKgAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false

United States Marine-Hospital Service. Public Health Reports. Vol XII, No’s. 1-53, 1897. Accessed 12-24-2019 at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/428/#waosr

[1] Our extrapolation based on note that the average yearly typhoid death rate during 1880-1889 was 38 per 100,000 in CT. 1890 pop. was 746,258 and 1900 pop. was 908,355, leading to prorated 1897 pop of 859,721 times death rate.

[2] District of Columbia Health Officer, Health Department. Report of the Health Officer (Vol. III of Annual Report of the Commissioners of the District of Columbia, Year Ended June 30, 1907). Washington: GPO, 1907.

[3] Notes the population was 1,491,100 from which 21,809 died from all causes. The Typhoid deaths were 2% and the death rate per 10,000 pop., was 2.93.

[4] Cites “Report of the Board of Health of the State of Indiana” to the effect “that of the ninety-two counties typhoid fever prevailed in all but ten, and from some of these there were no reports. A total of 655 persons died in the Counties of the State from typhoid fever for the year ending September 1897.

[5] Our extrapolation based on note that the average MA yearly typhoid death rate for 1880-1889 was 45 per 100,000. 1890 pop. was 2,238,947 and 1900 pop. was 2,805,346, leading to prorated 1897 pop of 2,238,947 times death rate.

[6] Cites City of Boston Department of Health annual reports.

[7] Cites Dr. Baker, apparently of the State Board of Health.

[8] Reed, Walter, Victor C. Vaughan, and Edward O. Shakespeare. Report on the Origin and Spread of Typhoid Fever in U.S. Military Camps During The Spanish War of 1898 (Vol. 1). Washington: GPO, 1904.

[9] Robb (ed.). “Missouri v. Illinois and the Sanitary District of Chicago.” Case in: International Environmental Law Reports, Volume 1, Early Decisions. “Missouri v. Illinois and the Sanitary District of Chicago.” 1999.

[10] Blanchard extrapolation based on “Diagram showing deaths in New Hampshire from typhoid fever, per 10,000 population, for 20 years, ending December 31, 1903,” wherein the death rate for 1897 was 3.64 per 10,000 pop., and the 1890 census showing a population of 376,530.

[11] Notes: “Dr. H. W. Foster this morning said that there were sixty-two cases of typhoid in town, while Dr. Brown, the Town Physician, declares that the total number so far has been but fifty-three. At a meeting off the town Health Board last night Dr. Brown made a report on the generalities of the epidemic, but reported neither the names nor number of victims of the fever. Clerk Morris of the board asked permission to make a statement as to the number of deaths that had been reported from typhoid, but Chairman Wilson replied that it was not necessary.”

[12] Cites 1897 State of New York Annual Report, apparently from the Board of Health.

[13] From: Table 19 — Movement of mortality from certain important causes of death in New York State, showing the annual number of deaths and death rates per 100,000 population: 1885-1917.

[14] Table entitled “Typhoid Fever Deaths from 1862 to 1907, inclusive, by Wards

[15] Reported eight deaths, but the USMHS noted three specifically in Memphis, which we subtracted.