lornajarrettblanchard

–727  CDC Wonder. Compressed Mortality File 1999-2016. ICD-10 code[1] J09-11[2] influenza).

Arizona                       13        0.241

California                  25        0.072

Colorado                     19        0.423   (Yellow highlight denotes higher than average death rate.)

Connecticut                10        0.289

Florida                        10        0.060

Illinois                        35        0.279

Indiana                                    15        0.244

Iowa                            25        0.852

Kentucky                    13        0.318

Maryland                    14        0.257

Michigan                    26        0.260

Minnesota                   56        1.116

Missouri                     31        0.546

Nebraska                     12        0.694

New York                   56        0.293

North Carolina            15        0.180

Ohio                           25        0.219

Oregon                                   10        0.285

Pennsylvania               23        0.187

South Dakota             17        2.237

Tennessee                  17        0.293

Texas                          36        0.166

Vermont                      12        1.950

Virginia                       19        0.261

Washington               25        0.413

Wisconsin                  43        0.790

Blanchard note: States and DC not shown indicate that the “total” function was “disabled” because there were fewer than 10 deaths. Puerto Rico is not included in CDC Wonder.

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Compressed Mortality File 1999-2016 on CDC Wonder Online Database, released June 2017. ICD-10 codes J09-J11.8, Influenza, 2003. Accessed 10-25-2018 at: https://wonder.cdc.gov

[1] ICD-10 is the 10^th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, a medical classification list by the World Health Organization.

[2] J09 (Influenza due to identified avian influenza virus), J10.0 (Influenza with pneumonia, influenza virus identified, J10.1 (Influenza with other respiratory manifestations, influenza virus identified), J10.8 (Influenza with other manifestations, influenza virus identified), J11.0 (Influenza with pneumonia, virus not identified), J11.1 (Influenza with other respiratory manifestations, virus not identified, J11.8.

–12  CDC Wonder. Compressed Mortality File 1999-2016 (released June 2017). Malaria.

Narrative Information

Malaria: “Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by a parasite. People with malaria often experience fever, chills, and flu-like illness. Left untreated, they may develop severe complications and die. In 2016 an estimated 216 million cases of malaria occurred worldwide and 445,000 people died, mostly children in the African Region. About 1,700 cases of malaria are diagnosed in the United States each year. The vast majority of cases in the United States are in travelers and immigrants returning from countries where malaria transmission occurs, many from sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.” (CDC. Malaria. 6-26-2018 update.)

Malaria: “Malaria is a life-threatening disease. It’s typically transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Infected mosquitoes carry the Plasmodium parasite. When this mosquito bites you, the parasite is released into your bloodstream. Once the parasites are inside your body, they travel to the liver, where they mature. After several days, the mature parasites enter the bloodstream and begin to infect red blood cells. Within 48 to 72 hours, the parasites inside the red blood cells multiply, causing the infected cells to burst open….The parasites continue to infect red blood cells, resulting in symptoms that occur in cycles that last two to three days at a time. Malaria is typically found in tropical and subtropical climates where the parasites can live….

“The symptoms of malaria typically develop within 10 days to four weeks following the infection. In some cases, symptoms may not develop for several months. Some malarial parasites can enter the body but will be dormant for long periods of time. Common symptoms of malaria include:

Shaking chills; can range from moderate to severe                Abdominal pain

High fever                                                                               Anemia

Profuse sweating                                                                     Diarrhea

Headache                                                                                Muscle pain

Nausea                                                                                    Convulsions

Vomiting                                             Coma                          Bloody stools.

(Healthline. “Malaria.”)

Sources

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Compressed Mortality File 1999-2016. CDC Wonder Online Database, released June 2017. ICD-10 Codes B50-54, Malaria (2002). Accessed 10-30-2018 at: https://wonder.cdc.gov

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Malaria. 6-26-2018 update. Accessed 10-7-2018 at: https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/malaria/index.html

Healthline. “Malaria.” Accessed 6-18-2018 at: https://www.healthline.com/health/malaria#complications

–12  CDC Wonder. Compressed Mortality File 1999-2016, released June 2017. Adenovirus.

Breakout by Age Group, Deaths, and Death Rate Per 100,000

<1               3          0.076   Yellow = higher than average rate.

1-4               3          0.019

5-9               2          0.010

10-14               1          0.005

35-44               3          0.007

Total             12          0.004  287,625,193 population

Narrative Information

CDC: “Adenoviruses are common viruses that cause a range of illness. They can cause cold-like symptoms, sore throat, bronchitis, pneumonia, diarrhea, and pink eye (conjunctivitis). You can get an adenovirus infection at any age. People with weakened immune systems or existing respiratory or cardiac disease are more likely than others to get very sick from an adenovirus infection…” (CDC. Adenoviruses. 4-26-2018 update.)

Sources

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases. Adenoviruses. 4-26-2018 update. Accessed 10-24-2018 at: https://www.cdc.gov/adenovirus/index.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Compressed Mortality File 1999-2016 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released June 2017. ICD 10 Code B34.0, Adenovirus infection (2002). Accessed 10-30-2018 at: https://wonder.cdc.gov

Reference

Kajon, Adriana E., et al. “Molecular Epidemiology and Brief History of Emerging Adenovirus 14 — Associated Respiratory Disease in the United States.” The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 202, Issue 1, 7-1-2010. Accessed 10-24-2018 at: https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/202/1/93/890091

–53  CDC Wonder. Compressed Mortality, 1999-2016 Results, Meningococcal Meningitis.[1]

Death rate per 100,000 population = 0.018

Narrative Information

Meningococcal Meningitis (ICD Code A39.0)[2]: “Meningococcal disease can refer to any illness caused by the type of bacteria called Neisseria meningitidis, also known as meningococcus… These illnesses are often severe and can be deadly. They include infections of the lining of the brain and spinal cord (meningitis) and bloodstream infections (bacteremia or septicemia). These bacteria spread through the exchange of respiratory and throat secretions like spit (e.g., by living in close quarters, kissing). Doctors treat meningococcal disease with antibiotics, but quick medical attention is extremely important. Keeping up to date with recommended vaccines is the best defense against meningococcal disease.” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Meningococcal Disease. 4-9-2018 update.)

Sources

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Compressed Mortality File 1999-2016 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released June 2017. ICD 10 Code A39.0, Meningococcal Meningitis, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2018 at: https://wonder.cdc.gov/

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Meningococcal Disease. 4-9-2018 update. Accessed 10-3-2018 at: https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/index.html

[1] Death rate 0.01.

[2] ICD-10 is the 10^th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, a medical classification list by the World Health Organization.

Narrative Information

— 265  Aircraft Crashes Record Office (Geneva, Switzerland). New York.

— 265  AirSafe.com. Investigation of 587.

— 265  Associated Press. “Some of the Deadliest Plane Crashes on Takeoff.” 8-20-2008.

— 265  History.com. This Day in History, Disaster, November 12, 2001.

— 265  NTSB. AAR. In-Flight Separation of Vertical Stabilizer, American Air…587… 2004.

— 265  Oosthuizen. “The Other New York Crashes: Their Use in a CDIO Program.”  2007, p. 8.

AirSafe.com: “On 12 November 2001, at approximately 9:17 a.m. local time, American Airlines flight 587, an Airbus A300-600, crashed into the Belle Harbor area of Queens, New York, several minutes after taking off from JFK International Airport. The plane was on a scheduled flight to Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. All nine crew members and 251 passengers on the aircraft were killed, including five infants. Five people on the ground were also killed.” (AirSafe.com, Investigation of the Crash of American Airlines Flight 587, 2007 update)

NTSB: “Executive Summary

“On November 12, 2001, about 0916:15 eastern standard time, American Airlines flight 587, an Airbus Industrie A300-605R, N14053, crashed into a residential area of Belle Harbor, New York, shortly after takeoff from John F. Kennedy International Airport, Jamaica, New York. Flight 587 was a regularly scheduled passenger flight to Las Americas International Airport, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, with 2 flight crewmembers, 7 flight attendants, and 251 passengers aboard the airplane. The airplane’s vertical stabilizer and rudder separated in flight and were found in Jamaica Bay, about 1 mile north of the main wreckage site. The airplane’s engines subsequently separated in flight and were found several blocks north and east of the main wreckage site. All 260 people aboard the airplane and 5 people on the ground were killed, and the airplane was destroyed by impact forces and a postcrash fire. Flight 587 was operating under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 121 on an instrument flight rules flight plan. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident.

“The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the in-flight separation of the vertical stabilizer as a result of the loads beyond ultimate design that were created by the first officer’s unnecessary and excessive rudder pedal inputs. Contributing to these rudder pedal inputs were characteristics of the Airbus A300-600 rudder system design and elements of the American Airlines Advanced Aircraft Maneuvering Program.” (NTSB. AAR. In-Flight Separation of Vertical Stabilizer, American Airlines Flight 587, Airbus…Belle Harbor, New York, November 12, 2001. Dec 2, 2004, March 23, 2006 modification, p. xi.)

Sources

Aircraft Crashes Record Office (Geneva, Switzerland). New York. Accessed 3-9-2009 at:  http://www.baaa-acro.com/Pays/Etats-Unis/New%20York.htm

AirSafe.com. Investigation of the Crash of American Airlines Flight 587. 11-12-2007 update.  Accessed at: http://www.airsafe.com/events/aa587.htm

Associated Press. “Some of the Deadliest Plane Crashes on Takeoff.”  8-20-2008. Accessed at:  http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2008-08-20-1787172586_x.htm

History.com. This Day in History, Disaster, November 12, 2001. “Plane Crashes in Rockaway, New York.” Accessed 11/25/2008 at: http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&displayDate=11/12&categoryId=disaster

National Transportation Safety  Board. Aircraft Accident Report. In-Flight Separation of Vertical Stabilizer, American Airlines Flight 587, Airbus Industrie A300-605R, N14053, Belle Harbor, New York, November 12, 2001 (NTSB No. AAR-04/04). Washington, DC: NTSB, 12-2- 2004; mod. 3-23-2006, 212 pages. At: http://www.ntsb.gov/publictn/2004/AAR0404.pdf

Oosthuizen, Patrick H. “The Other New York Crashes: Their Use in a CDIO Program.”  Proceedings of the 3^rd International CDIO Conference, MIT, Cambridge, MA. June 11-14, 2007, 14 pages. Accessed at: http://www.cdio.org/meetings/jun07mit/papers/t4a4oosthuizen.pdf

–10  Lombardo, David. “Final Report: Wing ice cited in Caravan crash.” AINonline, 1-28-2008.

–10  Aircraft Crashes Record Office (Geneva, Switzerland). Alaska, USA, 2000-2009.

–10  NTSB. “Investigative Update: Crash of PenAir Flight 350, Dillingham, Alaska.” 12-20-2001.

Narrative Information

Alaska Journal of Commerce: “….The plane was bound for King Salmon when it crashed shortly after takeoff. Witnesses saw the plane take off and then suddenly nose dive about half a mile from the runway. The weather was clear and windless the morning of the accident.

“….PenAir officials are doubling up pilots on the airline’s fleet of four Cessna 208s, said president Orin Seybert. “We are doing this voluntarily, for ourselves and for our customers,’’ Seybert said. Adding a pilot reduces the airplane’s payload by about 200 pounds, but adds experience in the cockpit, Seybert said. “It costs us a little money but adds a much greater level of safety,’’ Seybert said.

“Of those killed in the crash, four were board members of the Bristol Bay Native Association. Two others were employees of the Native corporation.

“Bryan Carricaburu, chief pilot and director of flight operations, said Seybert, who lived many years in Dillingham, was related to several of the crash victims….” (Alaska Journal of Commerce (James MacPherson). “PenAir crash cause still mystery.” 1-6-2002.)

Lombardo: “CESSNA 208, DILLINGHAM, ALASKA, OCT. 10, 2001–At about 9:26 a.m. Alaska daylight time, Peninsula Airways (dba Pen-Air) Flight 350, Cessna Caravan N9530F, crashed shortly after takeoff from Dillingham Airport (DLG). The pilot and nine passengers were killed and the airplane was destroyed. One passenger was airlifted to a hospital in Anchorage but died the next day. The impact site was located about 0.7 nm northeast of the departure end of Runway 01 at DLG. There was no post-crash fire. Flight 350 was destined for King Salmon, Alaska (AKN), on a scheduled Part 135 flight. VMC prevailed at the time of the accident.

“The Safety Board determined the probable cause of the accident to be an in-flight loss of control resulting from upper-surface ice contamination, which the PIC failed to detect during his preflight inspection of the airplane. Contributing to the accident was the lack of a preflight inspection requirement for Caravan pilots to examine at close range the upper surface of the wing for ice contamination when ground icing conditions exist.

“N9530F had been parked outside the night before the accident and was subjected to rain, snow and temperatures that dropped below 32 degrees F. Other pilots whose airplanes were also parked outside overnight stated that between a quarter and a half inch of snow and frost covered a layer of ice on their airplanes that morning. Subsequently, ramp personnel de-iced the accident airplane before the flight with a heated mixture of glycol and water. The PenAir ramp supervisor who conducted the de-icing stated that he believed the upper surface of the wing was clear of ice but that he did not physically touch the wing to check for the presence of ice.

“Investigators were unable to determine whether the accident pilot checked the wing and tail surfaces for contamination after de-icing, but the Caravan’s high-wing configuration would have hindered the pilot’s ability to see residual clear ice. Company records indicate that the certified commercial pilot completed his initial Caravan flight training two months before the accident and had accumulated a total of 74 hours in the turboprop single.

“A witness observed that the airplane’s flight appeared to be normal until it suddenly pitched up, rolled 90 degrees to the left and yawed to the left. The airplane then descended nose down until it disappeared from view. Data from the engine monitoring system revealed that the maximum altitude obtained during the accident flight was about 651 feet msl; Dillingham Airport is 86 feet msl. The airplane crashed in a level attitude.

“Investigators found no evidence of pre-impact failures in the structure, flight control systems or instruments. Examination of the engine and propeller revealed no pre-impact failures and confirmed that the engine was running when the airplane hit the ground.” (Lombardo, David A. “Final Report: Wing ice cited in Caravan crash.” AINonline, 1-28-2008.)

NTSB: “On October 10, 2001, Peninsula Airways (PenAir) flight 350, a Cessna 208 “Caravan”, N9530F, on a scheduled flight from Dillingham, Alaska to King Salmon, Alaska, crashed shortly after takeoff from Dillingham Airport. The pilot and all nine passengers were fatally injured, and the airplane was destroyed on impact. There was no fire. NTSB investigators are working in the following areas: airworthiness, airplane performance, flight operations, weather, survival factors, and human performance. Preliminary toxicology tests performed on the pilot revealed no evidence of drugs or alcohol.

“An examination and teardown of the engine and propeller hub were completed and no preexisting failures were found. Preliminary information has revealed that the engine was running at the time of impact and the propeller was within its operating range. The engine monitor was recovered. The monitor records the maximum engine parameters and any engine faults while the engine is running. This system is normally used for maintenance purposes. Safety Board staff is still analyzing data from the engine monitor of the accident flight. The Board is continuing to examine the airplane’s flight instruments and engine gauges including the airspeed indicators, inter-turbine temperature, stall heat switch, RPM indicator, annunciator panel and torque meter.

“The tapes of the pilot’s radio transmissions with air traffic control prior to takeoff on the morning of the accident, and from several previous flights, are also being examined. Preliminary examination has found no evidence of unusual sounds or actions by the pilot prior to takeoff on the accident flight. The Board will release more factual information as it becomes available.” (NTSB. “Investigative Update: Crash of PenAir Flight 350, Dillingham, Alaska” (Press Release). 12-20-2001.)

Sources

Aircraft Crashes Record Office (Geneva, Switzerland). Alaska, USA, 2000-2009. Accessed 11-4-2015 at: http://www.baaa-acro.com/Pays/Etats-Unis/Alaska-2000-2009.htm

Alaska Journal of Commerce (James MacPherson). “PenAir crash cause still mystery.” 1-6-2002. Accessed 11-4-2015 at: http://www.alaskajournal.com/community/2002-01-07/penair-crash-cause-still-mystery

Lombardo, David A. “Final Report: Wing ice cited in Caravan crash.” AINonline, 1-28-2008. Accessed 11-4-2015 at: http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/aviation-international-news/2008-01-28/final-report-wing-ice-cited-caravan-crash

National Transportation Safety Board. “Investigative Update: Crash of PenAir Flight 350, Dillingham, Alaska” (Press Release). Washington, DC: NTSB, 12-20-2001. Accessed 11-4-2015 at: http://www.ntsb.gov/news/press-releases/Pages/INVESTIGATION_UPDATE_Crash_of_PenAir_Flight_350_Dillingham_Alaska.aspx

–5  Pharos-Tribune, Logansport, IN. “Cause of deadly explosion undetermined.” 11-15-2001, 3.

–5  U.S. CSB. Investigation Report: Combustible Dust Hazard Study. Appendix A[1], p. 85.

Narrative Information

Oct 4: “Rochester — Four people are dead and another is critically injured following a Wednesday morning [Oct 3] explosion that destroyed a small company 3 miles north of here on Old U.S. 31….a former service station that had been converted into a chimney fire extinguisher factory, Pyro Design and Development. The walls of the southern portion of the one-story concrete block building were destroyed….The explosion was reported at 10:23 a.m…..

“Cloud [nearby neighbor] said after he left his home and reached the crest of the bank near Old U.S. 31, he heard a second explosion that was not as loud as the first, but the flames were ‘tremendous.’….  Firefighters were at the scene for 1½ hours before bringing the fire under control….” (Pharos-Tribune, Logansport, IN. “4 killed in explosion.” 10-4-2001, p. 1.

Oct 5: “Rochester — The names of four employees in their 20s who died in their workplace north of Rochester Wednesday have been released. Indiana State Police in Peru said Thursday that the victims are identified as Jason D. Estep, 26, William D. S. Wise, 24, and Lisa M. Tillman, 23, all of Rochester, and Christa L. Smith, 26, Claypool. Dental records from autopsies conducted in South Bend were used to identify them…A fifth employee, Lanny R. Tillman Jr., was listed in critical condition at the St. Joseph Hospital Burn Center in Fort Wayne Thursday after undergoing surgery. Tillman, whose age was not available, suffered burns over approximately 50 percent of his body….” (Pharos-Tribune, Logansport, IN. “Factory explosion victims identified.” 10-5-2001, p. 1.)

Oct 7: “Rochester — Indiana State Police are awaiting word from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms on a report made in the wake of an explosion and fire that killed four people Wednesday. But Det. Tony Frawley of the Peru Post says there is no definite lead on a cause. From what information can be gathered from initial interviews, everything that should have been done to store chemicals at Pyro Design and Development was done properly on site. ‘We many never know the cause of this,’ he said. ‘Sometimes, that happens.’

“Police had focused on finding out more about the business from Lori Tillman, an employee who took a day off work to go on a field trip with a child. So far, no new leads have emerged. Frawley said Lanny Tillman, 19, the only employee in the south end of the one-story building to escape alive, may provide some information that will help police. Tillman, who suffered burns over approximately 50 percent of his body, remains in critical condition at the St. Joseph Hospital Burn Center in Fort Wayne….Frawley said the explosion has been devastating to Lori Tillman because Lanny is her brother, and one of the victims, Jason D. Estep, 26, is the father of her children. Her sister, Lisa Tillman, 23, also was killed….” (Pharos-Tribune, Logansport, IN. “Burn victim could hold vital clues. Explosion cause may never be known.” 10-7-2001, p. 1.)

Oct 11: “Rochester (AP) — The mother of two victims of a deadly factory explosion says employees were not warned about the hazards of their jobs and once shared a single pair of safety goggles. The president of Pyro Design and Development denied the accusation.

“Nancy Tillman buried her 23-year-old daughter, Lisa, this week. Her son, Lanny Tillman Jr. 19, remains in a coma, recovering from severe burns….Tillman told The Rochester Sentinel that company President Lynette Castellano did not properly inform employees about the danger associated with their jobs. ‘I want everyone to know these kids did not know. I did not know,’ said Tillman, a former employee at the factory. ‘It was a lot of negligence and a lot of not telling.’

“Employees were not provided with or required to wear fire-retardant overalls. Everyone shared a single pair of safety goggles until two of the employees bought their own goggles, Tillman said. Castellano denied the accusations through her attorney, John H. Brooke. Employees were aware of safety precautions and had access to goggles, aprons and coveralls in the production area, Brooke said. ‘Getting the employees to use those safety items and to use the safety equipment was always a challenge,’ he said….

“Pyro Design and Development made devices about the size of a road flare that could be used to put out chimney fires. The product, sold under the brand name Chimfex, works by filling the chimney with a mixture of gases, smothering the flames.” (Pharos-Tribune, Logansport, IN. “Mother of explosion victims says safety procedures ignored.” 10-11-2011, p. 3.)

Nov 15: “Rochester (AP) — The cause of an October blast that killed five employees at a fire extinguisher plant may never be known, the Indiana Fire Marshal’s office said. The explosion and resulting fire at Pyro Design and Development caused too much damage for investigators to even determine where the fire state, the fire marshal spokesman Alden Taylor said Wednesday [Nov 14]….

[Notes names and ages of four immediate fatalities.] “…Lanny R. Tillman, Jr., 19, of Rochester, escaped badly burned, but died later at a Fort Wayne hospital.” (Pharos-Tribune, Logansport, IN. “Cause of deadly explosion undetermined.” 11-15-2001, p. 3.)

June 6, 2002: “Rochester (AP) — The state has fined the owners of a fire extinguisher factory… $48,000 for alleged safety violations. In a report released Wednesday [June 5] the Indiana Occupational Safety and Health Administration alleged that Pyro Design & Development Co. failed to give workers adequate training and improperly stored flammable materials. The report also alleged that the building did not have enough exits to allow employees to make a quick escape in case of emergency and that unsafe wiring methods were used in the production area. Portable fire extinguishers were provided, but IOSHA said that workers were not adequately trained in their use.

“Pyro is contesting the penalties and findings, said IOSHA spokeswoman Diane Mack. A hearing will likely be scheduled for July or August, she said.

Sources

Pharos-Tribune, Logansport, IN. “4 killed in explosion.” 10-4-2001, p. 1. Accessed 8-7-2017 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/logansport-pharos-tribune-oct-04-2001-p-1/?tag

Pharos-Tribune (Dave Kitchell), Logansport, IN. “Burn victim could hold vital clues. Explosion cause may never be known.” 10-7-2001, p. 1. Accessed 8-7-2017 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/logansport-pharos-tribune-oct-07-2001-p-1/?tag

Pharos-Tribune, Logansport, IN. “Cause of deadly explosion undetermined.” 11-15-2001, p. 3. Accessed 8-7-2017: https://newspaperarchive.com/logansport-pharos-tribune-nov-15-2001-p-3/?tag

Pharos-Tribune, Logansport, IN. “Factory explosion victims identified.” 10-5-2001, p. 1. Accessed 8-7-2017: https://newspaperarchive.com/logansport-pharos-tribune-oct-05-2001-p-1/?tag

Pharos-Tribune, Logansport, IN. “Mother of explosion victims says safety procedures ignored.” 10-11-2011, p. 3. Accessed 8-7-2017 at: https://newspaperarchive.com/logansport-pharos-tribune-oct-11-2001-p-3/?tag

U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB). Investigation Report: Combustible Dust Hazard Study (Report No. 2006-H-1). Washington, DC: CSB, November 2006, 108 pages.

[1] “Combustible Dust Fire and Explosion Incident Data.”

— 10  CNN. “DC Area Sniper Fast Facts.” 9-18-2015 update.

— 10  Crime Museum. “The DC Sniper Beltway Attacks.” National Museum of Crime & Punishment.

CNN: “….Ten people were killed and three injured in sniper-style shootings. John Allen Muhammad and Lee Boyd Malvo were arrested, tried and convicted for the shootings. Muhammad receives a death sentence and is executed on November 10, 2009. Malvo receives life in prison without parole.

“Timeline – D.C. Area Shooting Spree:

“October 2, 2002 – A shot is fired through a window at a Michael’s crafts store in Aspen Hill, Maryland, but no one is hit. Not linked by ballistic evidence.

“October 2, 2002 – The first killing takes place when 55-year-old James D. Martin, a program analyst for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, is shot in the parking lot of Shoppers Food Warehouse in Wheaton, Maryland. Not linked by ballistic evidence.

“October 3, 2002 – Police are called to a crime scene and find James L. Buchanan, a 39-year-old landscaper who has been fatally shot while mowing a lawn at a commercial establishment near Rockville, Maryland.

“October 3, 2002 – 54-year-old Premkumar Walekar, a part-time cab driver, is killed while pumping gas into his taxi at a station in the Aspen Hill area of Montgomery County, Maryland.

“October 3, 2002 – Sarah Ramos, 34, of Silver Spring, Maryland, is killed at a post office near Leisure World Shopping center. A witness reports seeing a white van or truck speed from the post office parking lot immediately after the shooting.

“October 3, 2002 – Lori Ann Lewis-Rivera, 25, of Silver Spring is shot dead at a Shell gas station in Kensington where she was vacuuming her van.

“October 3, 2002 – In the only killing in Washington and the first one to occur at night, Pascal Charlot, 72, is shot in the chest as he walks along Georgia Avenue. He is taken to a hospital, where he dies less than an hour later.

“October 4, 2002 – In a Michael’s parking lot in Fredericksburg, Virginia, Caroline Seawell, 43, is shot as she puts her bags inside her Toyota minivan. She is released from a Fairfax hospital on Monday, October 14.

“October 7, 2002 – Iran Brown, 13, is shot and critically wounded outside Benjamin Tasker Middle School in Maryland’s Prince George’s County.

October 9, 2002 – A tarot card is found near the scene of the shooting at the school. CNN sources say it is the “Death Card” with the message “Call me God” for police.

“October 9, 2002 – Dean Harold Meyers, 53, of Gaithersburg, Maryland, is killed while pumping gas at a station in Manassas, Virginia. A white minivan seen in the area was first thought to have some connection with the shooting but was cleared by police.

“October 11, 2002 – Kenneth Bridges, 53, a Philadelphia businessman, is killed at an Exxon station just off I-95 near Fredericksburg, Virginia. Police enforce a huge roadblock, trying to find a white van-like vehicle (similar to a Chevy Astro) with a ladder rack on top.

“October 14, 2002 – Linda Franklin, 47, of Arlington, Virginia, is killed by a single gunshot in a Home Depot parking lot in Falls Church, Virginia.

“October 19, 2002 – Jeffrey Hopper, 37, is shot in a parking lot at a Ponderosa Steakhouse near I-95 in Ashland, Virginia, 83 miles south of Washington. Doctors remove the bullet from the victim during surgery on October 21 and connect him to the others by ballistics.

“October 21, 2002 – Police surround a white van at a pay phone at an Exxon gas station in Richmond, Virginia. They arrest one man in the vehicle and a second man “in the vicinity” but later say that they can not be connected to the sniper shootings.

“October 22, 2002 – Bus driver Conrad Johnson, 35, of Oxon Hill, Maryland, is shot as he stands on the top step inside his commuter bus in Aspen Hill, Maryland. He later dies at a hospital in Bethesda. Investigators confirm on October 23 that his death is connected to the sniper.

“October 24, 2002 – John Allen Muhammad and Lee Boyd Malvo are arrested. They are later tried and convicted…” (CNN. “DC Area Sniper Fast Facts.” 9-18-2015 update.)

Sources

CNN. “DC Area Sniper Fast Facts.” 9-18-2015 update. Accessed 10-29-2015 at: http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/04/us/dc-area-sniper-fast-facts/

Crime Museum. “The DC Sniper Beltway Attacks.” Washington, DC: National Museum of Crime & Punishment. Accessed 10-29-2015 at: http://www.crimemuseum.org/crime-library/the-washington-dc-sniper

— 13  Dubaniewicz.  “From Scotia to Brookwood, fatal US underground coal mine…,” 2009.

— 13  Mine Safety and Health Administration. Historical Data on Mine Disasters in the U.S.

— 13  MSHA. Report of Investigation. Fatal Underground Coal Mine Explosions, Sep 23, 2011.

— 13  NPR. “10 Years Later, Remembering One of the Nation’s Worst Mine Disasters.” 9-23-2011.

— 13  United Mine Workers of America. “Jim Walters Resources #5 Mine Disaster.”

Narrative Information

Dubaniewicz: “Thirteen miners were killed during the 2001 Jim Walter Resources No. 5 mine, Brookwood, AL, double explosion disaster (MSHA, 2002;[1] UMWA, 2003). The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) investigation concluded that both Brookwood explosions were probably ignited in intake air entries, and both were probably ignited by electrical equipment.” (Dubaniewicz 2009, 52)

NPR: “…the Jim Walter mine disaster…was the nation’s worst mine disaster in nearly two decades and it involved a methane gas explosion, a familiar danger underground. One miner was trapped by the initial explosion and he and 12 rescuers were killed by another blast.

“Patrick Rupinski of the Tuscaloosa News retells the tragic story in this piece today. Rupinski notes that the initial citations and fines levied by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) against Jim Walter Resources were slashed severely by a federal judge. A $435,000 fine was eventually reduced to $5,000 and six of eight major violations directly related to the disaster were dismissed….

“Veteran coal industry reporter Ken Ward recalls on his Charleston Gazette Coal Tattoo blog today his remembrance last year of the Jim Walter disaster:

It’s worth remembering that the Bush administration’s response to Brookwood was to proceed to dismantle the regulatory safety net intended to protect our nation’s coal miners. Since then, we’ve seen not only Sago, Aracoma and Darby, but also Crandall Canyon and now, Upper Big Branch. Since that day in September 2001, 292 coal miners in the United States have died…

“….Ward also quotes the late Senator Robert Byrd (D-WV), who characterized the litany of coal mine disasters this way:

First, the disaster. Then the weeping. Then the outrage. And we are all too familiar with what comes next. After a few weeks, when the cameras are gone, when the ink on the editorials has dried, everything returns to business as usual. The health and the safety of America’s coal miners, the men and women upon whom the Nation depends so much, is once again forgotten until the next disaster…

(National Public Radio. “10 Years Later, Remembering One of the Nation’s Worst Mine Disasters.” 9-23-2011.)

UMWA: “On September 23rd, two explosions rocked the Jim Walter No. 5 underground mine in Brookwood, Alabama. Thirteen coal miners were killed in the explosions, twelve of whom had rushed into the mine to save their trapped co-workers. This is the single largest coal mining disaster in the United States since 1984. The fallen heroes:

Gaston Adams Jr., 56
Ray Ashworth, 53
Nelson Banks, 52
Dave Blevins, 52
Clarence Boyd, 38
Wendell Johnson, 52
John Knox, 44
Dennis Mobley, 56
Charles Nail, 59
Joe Riggs, 51
Charles Smith, 44
Joe Sorah, 46
Terry Stewart, 44. (UMWA. “Jim Walters Resources #5 Mine Disaster.”)

Sources

Dubaniewicz, Thomas H. Jr..  “From Scotia to Brookwood, fatal US underground coal mine explosions ignited in intake air courses.” Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Vol. 22, no. 1, Jan 2009, pp. 52-58. At: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/pubs/pubreference/outputid3057.htm

Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA). Historical Data on Mine Disasters in the United States. Arlington, VA: MSHA, U.S. Department of Labor. Accessed October 5, 2008 at:  http://www.msha.gov/MSHAINFO/FactSheets/MSHAFCT8.HTM

Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA). Report of Investigation. Fatal Underground Coal Mine Explosions, September 23, 2001, No. 5 Mine, Jim Walter Resources, Inc., Brookwood, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama (ID No. 01-01322). Arlington, VA: MSHA, U.S. Department of Labor, 12-11-2002, 80 pages. Accessed 11-4-2015 at: http://www.msha.gov/fatals/2001/jwr5/ftl01c2032light.pdf

National Public Radio. “10 Years Later, Remembering One of the Nation’s Worst Mine Disasters.” 9-23-2011. Accessed 11-4-2015 at: http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2011/09/23/140747577/10-years-later-remembering-one-of-the-nations-worst-mine-disasters

United Mine Workers of America, AFL-CIO, CLC. “Jim Walters Resources #5 Mine Disaster.” Accessed 11-4-2015: http://www.umwa.org/?q=content/jim-walters-resources-5-mine-disaster

United Mine Workers of America. Jim Walters Resources #5 Mine Disaster, September 23, 2001; A United Mine Workers of America Report. Triangle, VA: 2-20-2010 modification, 139 pages. Accessed 11-4-2015: http://www.umwa.org/files/documents/UMWA_JWR_Report.pdf

[1] Report of investigation, fatal underground coal mine explosions, September 23, 2001,  No. 5 Mine, Jim Walter Resources, Inc. Alabama. CAI-2001-20 through 32. U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration.

–5 Expert Behavioral Analysis Panel (EBAP). Amerithrax Case: Report of the [EBAP]. 2011.
–5 FBI. “Amerithrax or Anthrax Investigation.” Famous Cases & Criminals. Accessed 11-4-2015.
–5 Miller Judith. “Bioterrorism’s Deadly Math.” City Journal, Autumn 2008, V16, N 4.
–5 Sun Sentinel, FL. “Chronology of 2001 anthrax events.” 12-24-2012.

Oct 5, Robert L. Stevens, 63, Boca Raton, FL.
Oct 21, Thomas Morris Jr., 55, District of Columbia postal worker.
Oct 22, Joseph Curseen, 47, District of Columbia postal worker.
Oct 31, Kathy Nyuyen, 61, medical supply room worker, Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hosp.
Nov 21, Ottilie Lundgren, 94, Oxford CT.

Narrative Information

FBI: “Soon after the terrorist attacks of 9/11, letters laced with anthrax began appearing in the U.S. mail. Five Americans were killed and 17 were sickened in what became the worst biological attacks in U.S. history. The ensuing investigation by the FBI and its partners—code-named ‘Amerithrax’ — has been one of the largest and most complex in the history of law enforcement.

“In August 2008, Department of Justice and FBI officials announced a breakthrough in the case and released documents and information showing that charges were about to be brought against Dr. Bruce Ivins, who took his own life before those charges could be filed. On February 19, 2010, the Justice Department, the FBI, and the U.S. Postal Inspection Service formally concluded the investigation into the 2001 anthrax attacks and issued an Investigative Summary.

“The Amerithrax Task Force — which consisted of roughly 25 to 30 full-time investigators from the FBI, the U.S. Postal Inspection Service, and other law enforcement agencies, as well as federal prosecutors from the District of Columbia and the Justice Department’s Counterterrorism Section—expended hundreds of thousands of investigator work hours on this case. Their efforts involved more than 10,000 witness interviews on six different continents, the execution of 80 searches, and the recovery of more than 6,000 items of potential evidence during the course of the investigation. The case involved the issuance of more than 5,750 grand jury subpoenas and the collection of 5,730 environmental samples from 60 site locations. In addition, new scientific methods were developed that ultimately led to the break in the case — methods that could have a far-reaching impact on future investigations.” (FBI. “Amerithrax or Anthrax Investigation.” Famous Cases & Criminals.)

Sun Sentinel: “Sept. 18: Envelopes containing letters and granular substances are sent to NBC News in New York and the New York Post. Both are mailed from Trenton, N.J….

“Oct 5….At JFK’s intensive care unit, Stevens is pronounced dead, becoming the first anthrax fatality in the United States since 1976.

Sources

Expert Behavioral Analysis Panel. Amerithrax Case: Report of the Expert Behavioral Analysis Panel. 2011. Vienna, VA: Research Strategies Network. 7-3-2014 modification. Accessed 11-4-2015 at: https://researchstrategiesnetwork.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/ebap-report-redacted.pdf

Federal Bureau of Investigation. “Amerithrax or Anthrax Investigation.” Famous Cases & Criminals. Washington, DC: FBI, U.S. Department of Justice. Accessed 11-4-2015 at: https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/history/famous-cases/anthrax-amerithrax

Miller, Judith. “Bioterrorism’s Deadly Math.” City Journal, Autumn 2008, Vol. 16, No. 4. Accessed at: http://www.city-journal.org/2008/18_4_bioterrorism.html

Palm Beach Post, FL. “Lantana anthrax widow settles $50 million lawsuit against federal government.” 10-28-2011. Accessed 11-4-2015 at: http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/news/lantana-anthrax-widow-settles-50-million-lawsuit-a/nLzF6/

Sun Sentinel, FL. “Chronology of 2001 anthrax events.” 12-24-2012. Accessed 11-4-2015 at: http://www.sun-sentinel.com/local/palm-beach/sfl-1013anthraxchronology-story.html