lornajarrettblanchard

About lornajarrettblanchard

Posts by :

2000 — Adenovirus infection, ICD-10 code B34.0, death rate 0.004 per 100,000 — 11

–11 CDC Wonder. Compressed Mortality File 1999-2016, released June 2017. Adenovirus.

 

Breakout by Age Group, Deaths, and Death Rate Per 100,000

 

1-4               5          0.033   Yellow = higher than average rate.

5-9               2          0.010

10-14               2          0.010

45-54               1          0.003

65-74               1          0.005

 

Total             11          0.004  281,421,906 population

 

Narrative Information

 

CDC: “Adenoviruses are common viruses that cause a range of illness. They can cause cold-like symptoms, sore throat, bronchitis, pneumonia, diarrhea, and pink eye (conjunctivitis). You can get an adenovirus infection at any age. People with weakened immune systems or existing respiratory or cardiac disease are more likely than others to get very sick from an adenovirus infection…” (CDC. Adenoviruses. 4-26-2018 update.)

 

Sources

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases. Adenoviruses. 4-26-2018 update. Accessed 10-24-2018 at: https://www.cdc.gov/adenovirus/index.html

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Compressed Mortality File 1999-2016 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released June 2017. ICD 10 Code B34.0, Adenovirus infection (2000). Accessed 11-1-2018 at: https://wonder.cdc.gov

 

Reference

 

Kajon, Adriana E., et al. “Molecular Epidemiology and Brief History of Emerging Adenovirus 14 — Associated Respiratory Disease in the United States.” The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 202, Issue 1, 7-1-2010. Accessed 10-24-2018 at: https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/202/1/93/890091

 

 

2000 — Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, ICD-10 code A48.3, especially CA (11) — 74

–74  CDC. Compressed Mortality, 1999-2016. CDC Wonder Online Database, June 2017.

–11  California (death rate 0.032 per 100,000; US STTS death rate 0.026)

 

Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS) (Streptococcus pyogenes): “Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is a severe illness associated with invasive or noninvasive group A streptococcal (Streptococcus pyogenes) infection. STSS may occur with infection at any site but most often occurs in association with infection of a cutaneous lesion [skin injury]. Signs of toxicity and a rapidly progressive clinical course are characteristic, and the case fatality rate may exceed 50%.” (CDC. Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS) (Streptococcus pyogenes) 2020 Case Definition.)

 

Stevens on STSS: “Since the 1980s there has been a marked increase in the recognition and reporting of highly invasive group A streptococcal infections with or without necrotizing fasciitis[1] associated with shock and organ failure. Such dramatic cases have been defined as streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome. Strains of group A streptococci isolated from patients with invasive disease have been predominantly M types 1 and 3 that produce pyrogenic[2] exotoxin A or B or both….

 

“…many old pathogens have become major clinical problems because of increased virulence or antibiotic resistance (e.g., penicillin-resistant pneumococcus, multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium). Arguably, group A Streptococcus (GAS) is the quintessence of an old organism that has become more virulent….

 

“Recently, severe invasive GAS [Group A Streptococcal] infections associated with shock and organ failure have been reported with increasing frequency, predominantly from North America and Europe…These infections have been termed streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome (TSS…)

 

“Persons of all ages are affected; most do not have predisposing underlying diseases. This is in sharp contrast to previous reports of GAS bacteremia, in which patients were either under 10 or over 60 years of age, and most had underlying conditions such as cancer, renal failure, leukemia, or severe burns or were receiving corticosteroids or other immunosuppressing drugs. The complications of current GAS infections are severe; bacteremia associated with aggressive soft tissue infection, shock, adult respiratory distress syndrome and renal failure are common; 30% to 70% of patients die in spite of aggressive modern treatments…

 

“The portal of entry of streptococci cannot be proven in at least half the cases and can only be presumed in many others. Patients with symptomatic pharyngitis rarely develop streptococcal TSS, though such cases have been reported, especially in the last year. Procedures such as suctionlipectomy, hysterectomy, vaginal delivery, bunionectomy [bunion surgery] and bone pinning[3] have provided a portal of entry in many cases (author’s unpublished observations). Most commonly, infection begins at a site of minor local trauma, which frequently does not result in a break in the skin. Numerous cases have developed within 24 to 72 hours of minor nonpenetrating trauma, resulting in hematoma, deep bruise to the calf, or even muscle strain. Virus infections, such as varicella [chickenpox] and influenza, have provided a portal in other cases. In some cases the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents may have either masked the early symptoms or predisposed the patient to more severe streptococcal infection and shock. For the most part, these infections have occurred sporadically and have not been associated with clusters of cases or minor epidemics, though outbreaks of severe GAS-infections have occurred in closed environments such as nursing homes.

 

“Pain the most common initial symptom of streptococcal TSS is abrupt in onset and severe, and usually precedes tenderness or physical findings. The pain usually involves an extremity but may also mimic peritonitis,[4] pelvic inflammatory disease, pneumonia, acute myocardial infarction, or pericarditis.[5] Twenty percent of patients have an influenza-like syndrome characterized by fever, chills, myalgia [muscle pain], nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Fever is the most common early sign, although hypothermia may be present in patients with shock. Confusion is present in 55% of patients, and in some, coma or combativeness is manifest. Eighty percent of patients have clinical signs of soft tissue infection, such as localized swelling and erythema,[6] which in 70% of patients progressed to necrotizing fasciitis or myositis[7] and required surgical debridement,[8] fasciotomy[9] or amputation. An ominous sign is the progression of soft tissue swelling to the formation of vesicles, then bullae,[10] which appear violaceous[11] or bluish….” (Stevens. “Streptococcal Toxic-Shock Syndrome: Spectrum of Disease, Pathogenesis, and New Concepts in Treatment.” Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 1, No. 3, July 1995.)

 

Sources

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Compressed Mortality File 1999-2016. CDC Wonder Online Database, released June 2017. ICD-10 code A48.3, Toxic shock syndrome (2000). Accessed 11-2-2018 at: https://wonder.cdc.gov

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS) (Streptococcus pyogenes) 2020 Case Definition. Accessed 11-1-2018 at: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/conditions/streptococcal-toxic-shock-syndrome/case-definition/2010/

 

Stevens, Dennis L. “Streptococcal Toxic-Shock Syndrome: Spectrum of Disease, Pathogenesis, and New Concepts in Treatment.” Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 1, No. 3, July 1995. Accessed 11-1-2018 at: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/1/3/95-0301_article

[1] Rare bacterial infection that spreads quickly in the body and can cause death. (CDC)

[2] Producing or produced by fever.

[3] Medical procedure wherein metal screws, pins, rods or plates are used to hold a bone or bones in place.

[4] Inflammation of the peritoneum — a silk-like membrane that lines the abdominal wall and covers the organs within the abdomen. (Mayo Clinic. “Peritonitis.”

[5] Inflammation of the tissue surrounding the heart.

[6] Superficial reddening of the skin, usually in patches, as a result in injury or irritation causing dilation of the blood capillaries.

[7] Inflammation of the muscles one uses to move the body.

[8] Removal of damaged tissue or foreign objects from a wound.

[9] Surgical procedure where the fascia (thin sheath of fibrous tissue enclosing a muscle or organ.

[10] Bubble-like cavity filled with air or fluid.

[11] Of a violet color.

2000 – Exposure to excessive natural cold/hypothermia (ICD-10 X31 code); esp. PA/48– 742

–742 CDC Wonder. (Average hypothermia death rate was 0.26 per 100,000 population.)

Death rate for hypothermia per 100,000 population, where noted.

Alabama 15
Alaska 11
Arizona 18
Arkansas 10
California 17
Colorado 15
Florida 17
Georgia 24 0.29
Illinois 34 0.27
Indiana 23 0.38
Iowa 12
Kentucky 17
Massachusetts 25 0.39
Michigan 28 0.28
Minnesota 18
Mississippi 14
Missouri 24 0.43
Montana 12
Nebraska 10
New Jersey 20 0.24
New Mexico 24 1.32
New York 33 0.17
North Carolina 30 0.37
Ohio 24 0.21
Oklahoma 15
Pennsylvania 48 0.39
South Carolina 23 0.57
Tennessee 16
Texas 26 0.12
Virginia 17 0.30
Wisconsin 22 0.41

Source

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Underlying Cause of Death 1999-2019 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2020. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2019, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/ucd-icd10.html on Aug 25, 2021 7:16:45 PM

2000 – Excessive Natural Heat, esp. TX/135, AZ/66, CA/49, LA/23, MO/22, PA/17     —   494

Compiled by Wayne Blanchard; last edit 3-5-2024 for upload to: http://www.usdeadlyevents.com/

 –494  Hurt, Alyson (NPR), citing National Center for Health Statistics, in Huang, 8-26-2023.

            (Cites CDC National Center for Health Statistics.)

–462  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, Census Regions, T67 (heat and light).

–30  Northeast            –53  Midwest             –272  South    –107  West

–457  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, Census Divisions, T67 (heat and light).

[*Our number – no total given. Divisions which do not show mean fewer than 10 deaths.]

—    ?  Division 1  New England                     —  50  Division 6  East South Central

—  25  Division 2  Middle Atlantic                 –183  Division 7  West South Central

—  27  Division 3  East North Central             —  54  Division 8  Mountain

—  26  Division 4  West North Central           —  53  Division 9  Pacific

—  39  Division 5  South Atlantic

–445  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, Census Regions, X30 (excessive natural heat).

            –29  Northeast            –57  Midwest             –263  South    —  96  West

–443  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, HHS Regions, T67

[*Our number – no total given. Regions which do not show mean fewer than 10 deaths.]

—    ?  HHS Region #1   CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, VT [not shown if less than ten]

—    ?  HHS Region #2   NJ, NY                                 [not shown if less than ten]

—  27  HHS Region #3   DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, WV

            —  79  HHS Region #4   AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN

            —  30  HHS Region #5   IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, WI

            –183  HHS Region #6   AR, LA, NM, OK, TX

            —  22  HHS Region #7   IA, KS, MO, NE

            —    ?  HHS Region #8   CO, MT, ND, SD, UT         [not shown if less than ten]

            —  92  HHS Region #9   AZ, CA, HI, NV

—    ?  HHS Region #10 AK, IS, OR, WA                 [not shown if less than ten]

–413  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, Census Regions, X30 and T67 both.

            –24  Northeast            –44  Midwest             –251  South    —  94  West

–409  Blanchard tally based on State and locality breakouts below.

–355  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, X30.

[*Our number – no total given. Numbers given for 12 States. Thus any deaths in 38 other States and DC are suppressed (do not show when fewer than 10 deaths.]

–350  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

[*Our number – no total given. Numbers given for 12 States. Thus any deaths in 38 other States and DC are suppressed (do not show when fewer than 10 deaths.]

–301  CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (excessive heat)

            [Our number – no total given.]

–216  CDC Wonder. Compressed File. State, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat.)

            [*Our number – no total given. Numbers given for 10 States.]

–158  NWS, NOAA.  2000 Heat Related Fatalities.  Accessed 9-1-2011.

–140  Lott/Ross.  Tracking…U.S. Billion Dollar Weather Disasters, 1980-2005.” 10-27-2005.

—  35  Young Children in Vehicles. Jan Null. Chart, “U.S. Child Vehicular Heatstroke Deaths.”

 

Summary of 2000 Heat-Related Fatalities by State

 

Alabama          11        CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

Arizona           66        Blanchard. Use AZ DHS all counties but Maricopa; Maricopa DPH used.

Arkansas         11        CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

California        49        CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

Florida               2

Georgia             1

Illinois             12        CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

Indiana                          1

Kansas               2

Louisiana         23        CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

Michigan           1

Mississippi       18        CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

Missouri          22

New Jersey        1

North Carolina  2

Ohio                  1

Oklahoma        15

Oregon                          1

Pennsylvania   18        CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

South Carolina  1

Tennessee        12        CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

Texas             137        CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

Virginia             1

Wisconsin          1

        Total     409

 

*Blanchard note on sources: Ours, by necessity, is a compilation from several sources.

 

(1) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER database underlying and multiple cause of death searches for T67 and X30. These suffer, however, from the fact that the CDC does not show deaths if the loss of life is less than ten. These deaths, therefore are unknown to us unless found in another source.

 

(2) The National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Internet searches via the Storm Events Database can be queried. For “heat,” one has to do two searches – one for “excessive heat” and one for “heat.” Frequently the entries in one seem similar to ones in the other. The NCDC also publishes Storm Data, a monthly, electronically accessible.

 

(3) The National Weather Service, another NOAA entity, publishes tables on heat fatalities. Their figures differ from NCDC figures. None of the NOAA sources is comprehensive for two subsets – children in vehicles and workers, though one can find references to each. Both generally show fewer deaths than CDC Wonder in that primarily what is noted are “direct” deaths attributable to high natural heat (Underlying Cause of Death in CDC parlance). This is the case even for CDC Wonder searches for excessive heat as an underlying cause of death.

 

(4) For coverage of children dying in cars due to excessive heat exposure we rely on Jan Null and KidsAndCars.org).

 

(5) OSHA provides more comprehensive coverage of worker heat-related fatalities

 

(6) Newspaper archives, particularly when looking for end-of-heat-season statements by State Offices of Chief Medical Examiners. Frequently their numbers differ markedly (upward) from CDC, NCDC or NWS figures.

 

(7) State, County or local Public Heath or Vital Statistic entities (again higher numbers generally noted than can be found in CDC Wonder). 

 

Note on ICDC Codes used in CDC Wonder Online Database above and below: We use the T67 and X30 codes described below. We use them independently in the “Census Region,” “HHS Region” and “State” locations in the search page. There are two “boxes” to search – ?Underlying Cause of Death” and “Multiple Causes of Death” – the higher numbers are to be found when using the Multiple Causes of Death option for “Census Region.”)

 

T67    Effects of heat and light

T67.0 (Heatstroke and sunstroke);

T67.1 (Heat syncope); heat syncope [fainting]; factors include dehydration and lack of acclimatization.

T67.2 (Heat cramp);

T67.3 (Heat exhaustion, anhydrotic);                        [Note: T67 codes are in the class of “multiple

T67.4 (Heat exhaustion due to salt depletion);           cause of death,” meaning, usually, that heat

T67.5 (Heat exhaustion, unspecified);                        contributed to or combined with another

T67.6 (Heat fatigue, transient);                                  cause of death – such as a heart condition.]

T67.7 (Heat oedema);

T67.8 (Other effects of heat and light);

T67.9 (Effect of heat and light, unspecified)

 

X30 Exposure to excessive natural heat; hyperthermia. [Underlying (or primary) cause of death.]

 

Note further that we show nine CDC Wonder searches above, out of many which could have been done. From the CDC Wonder homepage one can choose on the left side of the page from “Underlying Cause of Death,” “Multiple Cause of Death,” or “Compressed Mortality.” Within these three categories one can search for T67 (heat and light) and/or X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat), or both. These two codes in each category can be further broken out by “Census Region,” “Census Division,” “HHS Region,” “State,” and “County.” Thus one can “run” 15 searches for T67 and another 15 for X30, and another 15 for X30 and T67 combined. Generally, the largest loss of life will be identified using Multiple Cause of Death, Census Region and T67.

 

Breakout of Fatalities by State and Localities (where available)

 

Alaska             (  1)  NWS, NOAA.  2000 Heat Related Fatalities.  Accessed 9-1-2011.

— 1  Akiachak village. Boy, 6, drowns in Kuskokwim River, 80 degree temperature day.[1]

 

Alabama         (11) 

–11  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

—  8  AL DPH. “Health precautions urged during periods of prolonged heat.” 11-7-2006 mod.[2]

—  4  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2000 Heat Related Fatalities. Accessed 9-1-2011.

            –1  Baldwin County, Fairhope, June 25. Boy, 20-months, got into family car at home.[3]

            –1  Marshall Co., Asbury, June 24. Girl, 10-months, left in vehicle by family at home.[4]

            –1  Mobile area, July 14. Female, 69, at home; temps around 100° F, high humidity.[5]

           

Arizona          (66) 

–66  Blanchard tally using AZ DHS for all counties but Maricopa, where County DPH is used.

–56  AZ DHS. Deaths from Exposure to Excessive Natural Heat…in Arizona 1992-2009. P. 17.

–28  CDC Wonder, Compressed Mortality, State, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

—  1  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2000 Heat Related Fatalities. Accessed 9-1-2011.

AZ DHS Breakout of Excessive Heat deaths by State or Country of Residence.[6]

            –21  Arizona

            –35  Mexico or other Central or South American Country

AZ DHS Breakout of Excessive Heat deaths by Race/Ethnicity.[7]

            –15  White non-Hispanic

            –37  Hispanic or Latino

            —  1  Black or African American

            —  2  American Indian or Alaska Native

            —  1  Unknown

AZ DHS Breakout of Excessive Heat deaths by County of Occurrence.[8]

            —  3  Cochise

            —  1  Coconino

            –21  Maricopa. Maricopa Co. DPH. Heat Caused and Heat Related Death… 2009, p. 2.[9]

–19  Maricopa County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67.

–13  Maricopa. CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, County /X30 (excessive heat)

–11  Maricopa County.[10]

            —  5  Mohave

            –26  Pima

            —  1  Pinal

            —  2  Santa Cruz

            —  7  Yuma

AZ DHS Breakout of Excessive Heat deaths by Month of Occurrence.[11]

            —  1  March

            —  0  April

            —  1  May

–17  June

–18  July

–10  August

—  5  September

—  4  October

—  0  November

—  1  December

 

Arkansas        (11)

–11  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

—  1  Pulaski County, Little Rock, July 8. Female, 72, home with fan but no AC.[12]

 

California       (49) 

— 49  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

— 43  Cal. Dept. of Public Health. “Table 5. Heat-related deaths, 2000-2011 (Crude Rates).”

— 38  CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).

— 12  National Weather Service. 2000 Heat Related Fatalities. Accessed 9-1-2011.

— 11  June 13-24. NCDC, NOAA. Query Results, California, Excessive Heat, 1950-2008.

            –3  June 14. Alameda/Contra Costa, June 14.[13]

Male, 70, outside; female, 73, vehicle/towed trailer; male 79, vehicle/towed trailer

–6  June 14. San Mateo County. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat, CA, San Mateo.

            Males, 78, 90; females 40, 47, 88, 97, all in homes.

–1  June 24. Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, San Diego Co. Male, 19, traveling on foot.[14]

–8  June 14-16. Ukiah Daily Journal, CA. “Cooler temperatures expected…” 6-16-2000, A12.[15]

               –1  Daly City, June 15. Male discovered dead in his backyard garden.[16]

               –1  Hayward, June 15. Mrs. Maydel Mattos, 70, after waiting for help in stalled car.[17]

               –1  Pleasanton, Alameda Co. June 14. Cam Bo Tu, 73, after taking early afternoon walk.[18]

   –2  San Francisco, Sun Bridge Care and Rehabilitation home, June 14. Elderly.[19]

   –1  San Francisco, June 15 (found). Female, 40, found dead in her home.[20]

   –2  San Mateo, June 15 (found). Elderly residents of an apartment building.[21]

—   1  Fresno Co., Clovis, Loring Citrus Farm, Aug 4. Heat stress, male, pruning trees, >100°.[22]

— 11  Los Angeles County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67.

—   1  LA County, July. Hyperthermia; male 46, found on pavement; 109° F.[23]

—   1  LA County, Aug. Hyperthermia; female, 65, found unresponsive in her backyard.[24]

—   1  Sacramento, June 13-15. Male 15, outdoors.[25]

—   1  San Diego County Mountains, May 20-23; Male hiker, 42.[26]

 

Florida            (  2)

— 2  Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.

— 0  National Weather Service. 2000 Heat Related Fatalities. Accessed 9-1-2011.

— 1  Cocoa Beach, July 20. Heatstroke; Robert Eugene Newmire, 42.[27]

— 1  La Belle, May 12. Heatstroke; male migrant farm worker wearing long-sleeved shirt, hot day.[28]

 

Georgia          (  1)

— 0  National Weather Service. 2000 Heat Related Fatalities. Accessed 9-1-2011.

— 1  Lawrenceville, Aug 17. Heat stress; male concrete finisher; air temp. between 97 and 99°.[29]

 

Illinois             (11)

–11  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

–11  CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).

—  0  National Weather Service. 2000 Heat Related Fatalities. Accessed 9-1-2011.

—  3  Chicago. CDC. Fig. 1. Annual totals of heat-related deaths…by age group–Chicago, 1996-2001.

—  1  Chicago, March. Heatstroke; girl, 5-months; left by parents in back seat of car at work.[30]

—  1  Cook County, Harvey, Aug 29. Heatstroke; Tyrell Jones, 10-mo., in back of daycare van.[31]

 

Indiana           (  1)  NWS, NOAA.  2000 Heat Related Fatalities.  Accessed 9-1-2011.

— 1  Marion, June 14. Heatstroke; female, 52, in her apartment; landlord had turned off AC.[32]

 

Kansas            (  2)  NWS, NOAA.  2000 Heat Related Fatalities.  Accessed 9-1-2011.

— 2  Morris County, Council Grove, July 13. Male, 85, wife, 82, in their home.[33]

 

Louisiana       (23) 

— 23  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

— 23  Louisiana DHH. Heat Stress: Hospital Admissions…and Deaths in Louisiana. 2012, p. 9.[34]

— 21  CDC Wonder, Underlying Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).

— 12  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2000 Heat Related Fatalities. 

–5  Caddo Parish, July 14-22. Males, 43, 67, 77, 78; female, 62; all in homes.[35]

–1  Caddo Parish, Aug 19. Female, 67, permanent home. NCDC Storm Events Database.

–2  Lincoln Parish, July 18. Females, 75 and 83, in their homes.[36]

            –1  Orleans Parish, New Orleans, July 16 (found). Male, 97, home, excessive heat.[37]

            –1  Orleans Parish, New Orleans, July 16 (found). Male, 98, home, excessive heat.[38]

            –1  Ouachita Parish, Monroe, Aug 20. Heatstroke; male, in home with AC out of order.[39]

 

Michigan        (  1)

— 0  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2000 Heat Related Fatalities. 

— 1  Saline, Saline High Sch., Aug 16 (collapsed Aug 9). Heatstroke, male, 15, football practice.[40]

 

Minnesota      (  2)

— 2  Minnesota Department of Health. Heat-related Deaths: Facts & Figures. 2015.[41]

— 0  State. National Weather Service, NOAA. 2000 Heat Related Fatalities. 

 

Mississippi      (18) 

–18  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

–16  National Weather Service, NOAA.  2000 Heat Related Fatalities.  Accessed 9-1-2011.

–15  CDC Wonder, Underlying Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).

–14  Blanchard tally of locality breakouts below:

Breakout of Mississippi Heat-Related Fatalities by Locality (where noted):

— 1  Adams County, July 14. Male, 93; location noted as “other.”[42]

— 1  Copiah County, July 13. Male, 35; heatstroke at work on a construction project.[43]

— 1  Copiah Co., Aug 29. Male, 35, quadriplegic; wheelchair became stuck in sand outside home.[44]

— 1  De Soto County, July 13. Female, 83, location noted as “other.”[45]

— 1  Hinds County, July 13. Male, 56, location noted as “other.”[46]

— 1  Itawamba County, Ozark, Aug 22. Excessive heat, female, 81, in her home.[47]

— 1  Jackson County, July 8. Heat exhaustion; male, 68; in pickup in parking lot, windows up.[48]

— 1  Jackson Co., July 18. Heat exhaustion; male, 58, in truck in home driveway, windows up.[49]

— 1  Lafayette, June 13. Male, 61; location noted as “other.”[50]

— 1  Leflore, June 19. Male, 49; location noted as “other.”[51]

— 1  Madison, June 26. Male, 76, location noted as “other.”[52]

— 1  Panola Co., Crowder, Aug 20. Female, 89, permanent home. NCDC Storm Events Database.

— 1  Sunflower County, July 17. Female, 59; location noted as “other.”[53]

— 1  Washington County, Aug 25. Female, 86, permanent home. NCDC Storm Events Database.

 

Missouri         (22) 

–~22  MO DHSS. Data & Statistical Reports. Chart: Hyperthermia Mortality, Missouri 1980-2013.[54]

—  22  NWS CRH, Kansas City, MO. Summer Weather Safety. “[MO] Heat Related Deaths.”[55]

—  17  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2000 Heat Related Fatalities. 

—  11  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

—  10  CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).

Breakout of Missouri Heat-Related Deaths by Locality:

—  1  Chariton County, Triplett, July 14-16. Male, 63, mobile home; 3 days of 90° humid heat.[56]

—  1  Jackson County, Raytown, July 14-16. Female, 97, at home; 3 days of 90° humid heat.[57]

—  2  Jackson County, Kansas City, Aug 7-12. Males, 69, 88, permanent homes.[58]

—  2  Jackson County, Kansas City, Sep 1-3. Males, 34 and 55 in “vehicle/towed trailer.”[59]

—  1  Jackson County, Lees Summit, Aug 7-12. Female, 93, permanent home.[60]

—  1  Jackson County, Kansas City, Aug 22-31. Male, 68, permanent home.[61]

—  1  Lawrence County, Aug 27-31. Male, 78, “found dead in his car.” Death blamed on heat.[62]

—  1  Livingston County, Chillicothe, Sep 1-9. Male, 52, permanent home.[63]

—  1  Platte County, Riverside, July 14-16. Male, 37, at home; 3 days of 90° humid heat.[64]

—  1  St. Louis, July 2-14. Male, 68, at home. NCDC. Storm Events Database, Heat, MO, St. Louis.

—  3  St. Louis City, July 2-14. Males, 57, 68, and 80, in their homes.[65]

—  1  St. Louis County, Aug 28-31. Male, 68, permanent home. NCDC Storm Events Database.

—  1  St. Louis County, Sep 1-3. Male, 66, permanent home. NCDC Storm Events Database.

 

New Jersey     (  1)

— 0  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2000 Heat Related Fatalities. 

— 1  Newton, May 31. Mother leaves son, 13-mo. in car, windows up, while smoking marijuana.[66]

 

North Carolina (2)

— 2  Mirabelli and Richardson. “Heat-Related Fatalities in North Carolina.” AJPH, Apr 2005.[67]

— 0  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2000 Heat Related Fatalities. 

— 1  Chadbourn, Aug 24. Heatstroke; male migrant worker, harvesting tobacco. OSHA.

 

Ohio                (  1)

–0  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2000 Heat Related Fatalities. 

–1  Chardon Twp., June 13. Heatstroke complications, Christopher Love, 2½, climbed into car.[68]

 

Oklahoma      (15) 

–15  Garwe (OK Dept Health). “Heat-Related Deaths, Oklahoma, 1990-2001,” 5-31-2002, p.1.[69]

–14  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

–12  CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat) search.

–10  Oklahoma County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67.

—  3  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2000 Heat Related Fatalities. Accessed 9-1-2011.

            –1  Norman, Aug 29. Heat Exhaustion; female, 80, in her apartment.[70]

            –1  Oklahoma City, Aug 28. Heat exhaustion; female, 74, at home, air system set to heat.[71]

            –1  Oklahoma City, Sep 2. Male, 85, in home where heat rather than AC was turned on.[72]

 

Oregon           (  1)

— 0  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2000 Heat Related Fatalities. Accessed 9-1-2011.

— 1  Warm Springs Tribal HQ, July 13. Heatstroke; boy, 4, left in car by foster mother at work.[73]

 

Pennsylvania  (17) 

–17  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

–17  NWS, NOAA. 2000 Heat Related Fatalities.  Accessed 9-1-2011.

—  1  Chester Co., Nottingham Twp., May 6-9. Female, 53, at home; left work early due to heat.[74]

—  1  Chester County, May 6-9. Male, 71, permanent home.[75]

–12  Philadelphia County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67.

—  5  Philadelphia, May 6-9. Females, 43, 75, 77, 87; male, 45, all in their homes.[76]

—  1  Philadelphia, June 12. Male, 76, in his home; a fan was on but windows were shut.[77]

—  2  Philadelphia, June 25-26. Male, 74, and female, 87, in their homes.[78]

—  2  Philadelphia, Aug 2. Males 64 & 74, permanent homes; one in nursing home with no AC.[79]

—  5  Philadelphia, Aug 7-10. Males, 72, 77, 78, 85, female, 73; all in permanent homes.[80]

 

So. Carolina   (  1)  NWS, NOAA.  2000 Heat Related Fatalities.  Accessed 9-1-2011.

— 1  Greenville, July 10. Male 55, home with no AC; body temp. 108° two hours after death.[81]

 

Tennessee       (12)

–12  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

–10  CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat) search.

—  1  Cookeville, Tenn. Tech, Aug 27. Heatstroke; Preston Birdsong, 18, 1st day of football practice.[82]

 

Texas              (135) 

–135  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

—  77  Blanchard tally based on locality breakout below.

—  71  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2000 Heat Related Fatalities. Accessed 9-1-2011.

—  61  CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).

Breakout of Texas Heat-Related Fatalities by Locality (where noted):

—  1  Bexar County, May 27. Male, 61, outside, after having cut the lawn.[83]

—  1  Brazos County, Bryan, June 29. Gwendolyn Thomas, 4-months; forgotten in vehicle.[84]

—  1  Cherokee County, July 4. Male, 24. “Found partially under a mobile home.”[85]

–20  Dallas County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67.

—  8  Dallas County, July 1-31. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat, TX, Dallas, July 1-31.

            Male, 87, outdoors.     Female, 74, at home.   Male, 68, at home.      Male, 35, ball field.

            Male, 69, at home.      Female, 86, at home.   Female, 60, outdoors. Male, 46, vehicular.

—  3  Dallas County, Aug 1-31. Males, 79, 84, 90, homes. NCDC Storm Events Database.

—  4  Dallas County, Sep 1-23. Females, 66, 77, 77, and 83, in permanent homes.[86]

—  1  Denton County, Corinth, July 22. Heatstroke; male, 18, helping bricklayers at a house.[87]

—  1  Dimmit County, May 11. Male, 33, outside; non-U.S. resident.[88]

—  1  Dimmit County, May 18. Male, 39, outside; non-U.S. resident.[89]

—  1  Dimmit County, Aug 29. Male, 23, outside; non-U.S. resident.[90]

—  1  Ellis County, Sep 1-23; Excessive heat; male, 46, outdoors. NCDC Storm Events Database.

—  1  Fort Bend County, Rosenberg, June 19. Heatstroke / asphyxia; male cleanup worker, 16.[91]

—  2  Galveston County, July 6-23. Female, 43, outside; female, 70, permanent home.[92]

–1  Bacliff, July 23. Mary Cassedy, 70; home with AC turned off, and temp. over 100.[93]

–1  Galveston, July 24. Heatstroke, homeless female, Linda Salcedo, 43.[94]

—  1  Guadalupe County, Sequin, May 29. Female, D’Lauren Goodwin, 2, got into family car.[95]

–38  Harris County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67.

–37  Harris County, July 6-Sep 10. Blanchard tally of NCDC and OSHA heat-related fatalities.

–36  Harris County. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Search for Harris Co., Texas. Heat, 2000.[96]

–17  Harris County, July 6-23. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat, TX, Harris Co.

            Male, 48, at home.      Male, 50, outside.       Male, 58, home.  Male, 66, home.     

            Female, 62, at home.   Male 65, at home.       Male, 69, home.  Male, 69, home.

            Female, 70, at home.   Female, 72, at home.   Male, 73, home.  Male, 77, home.     

            Female, 73, at home.   Female, 73, at home.   Male, 82, home.  Male, 85, home.

            Female, 82, at home.

—  1  July 29. Heat exposure; male, 83, in his home. NCDC Storm Events Database.

—  1  July 31. Heat exposure; male, 66, in his home. NCDC Storm Events Database.

—  1  Aug 3. Heat exposure; male, 59, in his home. NCDC Storm Events Database.

—  2  Aug 7. Heat exposure; one a female, 78; no info. on the 2nd fatality.[97]

—  1  Aug 9. Heat exposure; male, 57, in his home. NCDC Storm Events Database.

—  1  Aug 10. Male, 61, outdoors. NCDC Storm Events Database. Heat, TX, Harris.

—  2  Aug 11. Heat exposure; males, 70 and 75, outdoors. NCDC Storm Events Database.

—  1  Aug 12. Male, 46, “collapsed outside while doing yard work.”[98]

—  3  Aug 29-31. Males, 42 and 86; Female, 81, all in permanent homes.[99]

—  5  Sep 1-6. Female, 58, 79, in homes; males 61, 69, in homes; male, 50, outdoors.[100]

—  1  Houston, Sep 8. Heatstroke; male worker shoveling dirt during tunneling work.[101]

—  1  Sep 10. Heat exposure; female, 88, in her home. NCDC Storm Events Database.

–26  Harris County, Houston, Summer. City of Houston. “Heat Related Illness,” 8-16-2002.[102]

—  1  Maverick County, May 18. Male 22, outside; non-U.S. resident.[103]

—  1  Maverick County, May 31. Male, 21, outside; non-U.S. resident.[104]

—  1  Maverick County, July 7 (found). Female, 47, outdoors; non-U.S. resident.[105]

—  1  Robertson County, Franklin, Aug 29. Heatstroke; male migrant worker catching chickens.[106]

—  2  Tarrant County, Aug 1-31. Male, 81, outdoors; female, 73, at home.[107]

—  1  Travis County, Austin, July 3. Heatstroke; male boundary surveyor, residential const. site.[108]

—  1  Travis County, July 4 (found). Hyperthermia and dehydration. Male, 33, outdoors.[109]

—  1  Travis County, July 5. Heatstroke; Male, 26 working outside at construction site; 108° F.[110]

—  1  Travis County, July 18. Heatstroke; female, 81, permanent home.[111]

—  1  Travis County, July 23. Heatstroke; boy, 2, with cerebral palsy, left on floor of sunroom.[112]

—  1  Travis County, July 23. Heatstroke; female, 72, in home with un-used air conditioner.[113]

—  1  Williamson Co., July 25. Male, 85, found at home in front of open refrigerator; no AC.[114]

 

Virginia          (  1)

–1  Richmond, Sep 5. Anthony Craig Lobrano, 17, during high school football practice.[115]

 

Wisconsin       (  1)

–0  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2000 Heat Related Fatalities. Accessed 9-1-2011.

–1  State of WI DEM. “Wisconsin Heat Awareness Day June 12, 2014” (Press Release). 6-4-2014.

 

On Heat:

 

CDC. “Heat-Related Deaths – [U.S.], 1999-2003,” MMWR, V55, N29, 7-28-2006, 796-798:

“Heat-related illnesses (e.g., heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat syncope, or heatstroke) can occur when high ambient temperatures overcome the body’s natural ability to dissipate heat. Older adults, young children, and persons with chronic medical conditions are particularly susceptible to these illnesses and are at high risk for heat-related mortality. Previous analyses of the risk factors associated with heat-related deaths have been based on the underlying cause entered on the death certificate. The analysis revealed that including these deaths increased the number of heat-related deaths by 54% and suggested that the number of heat-related deaths is underestimated.

 

“CDC uses information from death certificates categorized by codes from the International Classification of Diseases to estimate national mortality trends. These data, collected and submitted by states, were used to determine the number of deaths in the United States during 1999–2003 that had exposure to excessive natural heat§ recorded as the underlying cause (code X30 from ICD, tenth revision [ICD-10]), hyperthermia recorded as a contributing factor (ICD-10 code T67) (6), or both….

 

“Editorial Note: In this analysis, the inclusion of hyperthermia as a contributing cause of death increased by 54% the total number of heat-related deaths during 1999–2003 that would have been counted through inclusion of a heat-related underlying cause alone. Because heat-related illnesses can exacerbate existing medical conditions and death from heat exposure can be preceded by various symptoms, heat-related deaths can be difficult to identify when illness onset or death is not witnessed by a clinician. In addition, the criteria used to determine heat-related causes of death vary among states. This can lead to underreporting heat-related deaths or to reporting heat as a factor contributing to death rather than the underlying cause.

 

“Continued exposure to excessive heat can lead to hyperthermia or death. Of the heat-related illnesses, heat exhaustion and heatstroke are the most serious. Heat exhaustion is characterized by muscle cramps, fatigue, headache, nausea or vomiting, and dizziness or fainting. The skin is often cool and moist, indicating that the body’s mechanism for cooling itself (i.e., sweating) is still functioning. The pulse rate is typically fast and weak, and breathing is rapid and shallow. If untreated, heat exhaustion can progress to heatstroke. Heatstroke is a serious, life-threatening condition characterized by a high body temperature (>103ºF [>39.4ºC]); red, hot, and dry skin (no sweating); rapid, strong pulse; throbbing headache; dizziness; nausea; confusion; and unconsciousness. Symptoms can progress to encephalopathy, liver and kidney failure, coagulopathy, and multiple organ system dysfunction. Prompt treatment of heat-related illnesses with aggressive fluid replacement and cooling of core body temperature is critical to reducing morbidity and mortality.

 

“Many heat-related deaths, regardless of whether they are associated with chronic medical conditions, are preventable. During periods of extreme heat, heat-related illnesses can be prevented by avoiding strenuous outdoor activities, drinking adequate amounts of fluid, avoiding alcohol consumption, wearing lightweight clothing, and using air-conditioning. Groups at high risk include young children, persons aged >65 years, persons who do strenuous activities outdoors, and persons with chronic (particularly cardiovascular) medical conditions.”

 

EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) on Heat-Related Deaths (11-21-2023):

 

“When people are exposed to extreme heat, they can suffer from potentially deadly illnesses, such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Hot temperatures can also contribute to deaths from heart attacks, strokes, and other forms of cardiovascular disease. Heat is the leading weather-related killer in the United States, even though most heat-related deaths are preventable through outreach and intervention (see EPA’s Excessive Heat Events Guidebook at: www.epa.gov/heat-islands/excessive-heat-events-guidebook).

 

Unusually hot summer temperatures have become more common across the contiguous 48 states in recent decades…extreme heat events (heat waves) have become more frequent and intense… and these trends are expected to continue. As a result, the risk of heat-related deaths and illness is also expected to increase.[116] The “urban heat island” effect accentuates the problem by causing even higher temperatures in densely developed urban areas. Reductions in cold-related deaths are projected to be smaller than increases in heat-related deaths in most regions. Death rates can also change, however, as people acclimate to higher temperatures and as communities strengthen their heat response plans and take other steps to continue to adapt.

 

“Certain population groups already face higher risks of heat-related death, and increases in summertime temperature variability will increase that risk. The population of adults aged 65 and older, which is expected to continue to grow, has a higher-than-average risk of heat-related death. Children are particularly vulnerable to heat-related illness and death, as their bodies are less able to adapt to heat than adults, and they must rely on others to help keep them safe. People with certain diseases, such as cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses, are especially vulnerable to excessive heat exposure, as are the economically disadvantaged. Data also suggest a higher risk among non-Hispanic Blacks.”

 

Trent, CA Dept. of Health Services on Heat-Related (HR) Illness: “HR illness is described according to three stages of increasing severity:

 

  1. Heat cramps. Mild and easy to treat, this level involves fevers generally under 102 degrees Fahrenheit.
  2. Heat exhaustion: Involves fevers over 102 degrees Fahrenheit, often with vomiting, diarrhea, and fatigue.
  3. Heat stroke: A severe and life-threatening failure of body’s ability to cool (e.g., sweating ceases), with fevers over 104 degrees Fahrenheit. Heat stroke can result in organ and neurologic damage and lead quickly to death.” (p. 3)

 

“Exertional heat stroke tends to occur among younger (under 50 years old), healthier persons who develop heat stroke after strenuous activity and inadequate hydration. The result is dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Exposures may involve work or recreational activities outdoors.

 

“Classic heat stroke tends to occur among persons who are older (over 50 years old), frail, and with chronic diseases. They may take medications, have psychological or cognitive problems, and live alone. They are assumed to have a compromised thermoregulatory response due to their age, illnesses, and medications. They generally are not in an air conditioned space when discovered with heat stroke symptoms or deceased.” (p. 5)

 

(Trent, Roger B., Ph.D. (CA Dept. of Health Services). Review of July 2006 Heat Wave Related Fatalities in California. Sacramento, CA: Epidemiology and Prevention for Injury Control Branch, California Department of Health Services, May 2007.)

 

Associated Press (Anita Snow and Kendria Lafleur), Mishmash of how US heat deaths are counted complicates efforts to keep people safe as Earth warms.” 8-13-2023:

“….Even when it seems obvious that extreme heat was a factor, death certificates don’t always reflect the role it played. Experts say a mishmash of ways more than 3,000 counties calculate heat deaths means we don’t really know how many people die in the U.S. each year because of high temperatures in an ever warming world.

 

“That imprecision harms efforts to better protect people from extreme heat because officials who set policies and fund programs can’t get the financial and other support needed to make a difference….Currently, about the only consistency in counting heat deaths in the U.S. is that  officials and climate specialists acknowledge fatalities are grossly undercounted…

 

“ ‘It’s frustrating that for 90 years public health officials in the United States have not had a good picture of heat-related mortality because we have such a bad data system,’ said Dr. David Jones, a Harvard Medical School professor who also teaches in the epidemiology department at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

 

“There is no uniformity among who does the counting across U.S. jurisdictions. Death investigations in some places might be carried out by a medical examiner, typically a physician trained in forensic pathology. In other locales, the coroner could be an elected sheriff, such as the one in Orange County, California. In some small counties in Texas, a justice of peace might determine cause of death. Utah and Massachusetts are among states that do not track heat-related deaths where exposure to extreme heat was a secondary factor.

 

“The CDC, which is often several years behind in reporting, draws information on heat deaths from death certificate information included in local, state, tribal and territorial databases. The CDC said in a statement that coroners and others who fill out death certificates ‘are encouraged to report all causes of death,’ but they may not always associate those contributing causes to an extreme heat exposure death and include the diagnostic codes for heat illnesses.

 

“Hess, the Arizona coroner [Pima County medical examiner], said determining environmental heat was a factor in someone’s death is difficult and can take weeks or even months of investigation including toxicological tests. ‘If someone was shot in the head, it’s pretty obvious what happened there,’ Hess said. ‘But when you find a body in a hot apartment 48 hours after they died, there is a lot of ambiguity.’ Hess noted that Pima County this year began including heat-related deaths in its tally of environmental heat fatalities….”

 

Sources

 

Alabama Department of Public Health. “Health precautions urged during periods of prolonged heat.” 11-7-2006 modification. Accessed 11-8-2015 at: http://www.adph.org/news/assets/050621.pdf

 

Arizona Department of Health Services (Christopher K. Mrela and Clare Torres). Deaths from Exposure to Excessive Natural Heat Occurring in Arizona 1992-2009. AZ DHS, March 2010, 5-12-2014 modification. Accessed 9-1-2015: http://www.azdhs.gov/plan/report/im/heat/heat09.pdf

 

Ashtabula Star Beacon (Glen Miller), OH. “One Geauga twin dead from heat stroke, other exits hospital.” 6-15-2000, p. A3. Accessed 11-19-2015 at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=265341377&sterm=heat+stroke

 

Associated Press, Harvey. “Center closes after baby dies in van.” Daily Republican-Register, Mt. Carmel, IL, 8-31-2000. Accessed 11-19-2015: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=188045522&sterm

 

Associated Press, Richmond, Va. “High school player dies at practice.” Walla Walla Union-Bulletin, WA, 9-6-2000, p. 14. Accessed 11-19-2015 at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=225394836&sterm=heat+stroke

 

Associated Press, Ann Arbor. “Player dies after stroke in Michigan.” Frederick Post, MD, 8-18-2000, B4. Accessed 11-19-2015: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=14859221&sterm

 

Associated Press (Anita Snow and Kendria Lafleur). “Mishmash of how US heat deaths are counted complicates efforts to keep people safe as Earth warms.” 8-13-2023. Accessed 2-14-2024 at: https://apnews.com/article/counting-extreme-heat-deaths-7125ad9a5289625bd9ca312945996399

 

California Department of Public Health. California Environmental Health Tracking Program (website). “Climate Change Data: Heat-Related Deaths Summary Tables.” State of California, 2013. Accessed 11-1-2015 at: http://www.ehib.org/page.jsp?page_key=926#HRD_table5

 

Cedar Rapids Gazette, IA. Obituaries, “Robert Eugene Newmire.” 7-24-2000, 4B. Accessed 11-19-2015: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=262798027&sterm=heat+stroke

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Mortality: Compressed Mortality File 1999-2016 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released June 2017. Data are from the Compressed Mortality File 1999-2016 Series 20 No. 2U, 2016, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/cmf-icd10.html on Mar 5, 2024 4:15:16 PM (Compressed File, States, X30)

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Mortality 1999-2020 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2021. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2020, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html 3-5-2024 (Multiple Cause of Death, Census Division, T67)

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Mortality 1999-2020 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2021. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2020, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html 3-5-2024  (Multiple Cause of Death, Census Region, T67)

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Mortality 1999-2020 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2021. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2020, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html 3-5-2024 (Multiple Cause of Death, Census Region, X30)

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Mortality 1999-2020 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2021. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2020, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html 3-5-2024 (Multiple Cause of Death, Census Region, X30 and T67)

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Mortality 1999-2020 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2021. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2020, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html on Mar 5, 2024  (Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67)

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Mortality 1999-2020 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2021. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2020, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html 3-5-2024 (Multiple Cause of Death, HHS Regions, T67)

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Mortality 1999-2020 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2021. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2020, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html on Mar 5, 2024 (Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67)

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Compressed

Mortality File 1999-2014 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released December 2015 (ICD-10/X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat) search. Data are from the Compressed Mortality File 1999-2014 Series 20 No. 2T, 2015, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/cmf-icd10.html 8-30-2016 (Underlying Cause of Death, States, X30)

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Heat-Related Deaths – Chicago, Illinois, 1996-2001, and United States, 1979-1999.” MMWR [Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report] Vol. 52, No. 26, 7-4-2003, pp. 610-613. Accessed 11-15-2015 at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5226a2.htm

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Heat-Related Deaths – Los Angeles County, California, 1999-2000, and United States, 1979-1998.” MMWR [Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report] Vol. 50, 2001, pp. 623-626. Accessed 11-12-2015 at:

http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1844574

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Heat-Related Deaths – United States, 1999-2003.” MMWR (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report), Vol. 55, No. 29, 7-28-2006, pp. 796-798. Accessed 10-24-2015 at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5529a2.htm

 

City of Houston. “Heat Related Illness,” Epidemiology Corner, 8-16-2002. Accessed 11-1-2015 at: https://www.houstontx.gov/health/Epidemiology/e-heat-illness.html

 

EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). Climate Change Indicators: Heat-Related Deaths (webpage). 11-1-2023. Accessed 2-7-2024 at:

https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-related-deaths#ref6

 

ESPN (Chad Konecky). “Virginia lineman dies.” 7-16-2000. Accessed 11-19-2015 at: http://a.espncdn.com/highschool/a/000907lineman.html

 

Galveston Daily News (Morghan Martell), TX. “County records second heat-related death of summer.” 8-25-2000, A8. Accessed 11-19-2015: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=110095895&sterm

 

Garwe, Tabitha, M.P.H., Epidemiologist, Injury Prevention Service, OK DPH. ). “Heat-Related Deaths, Oklahoma, 1990-2001.” Oklahoma City, OK: Oklahoma State Department of Health, 5-31-2002. Accessed 11-8-2015 at: http://www.ok.gov/health2/documents/Heat_Deaths_1990-2001.pdf

 

Huang, Pien, Alyson Hurt, and Carmel Wroth. “This CDC data shows where rates of heat-related illness are highest.” GPB (PBS/NPR), Atlanta. 7-26-2023. Accessed 2-19-2023 at: https://www.gpb.org/news/shots-health-news/2023/07/26/cdc-data-shows-where-rates-of-heat-related-illness-are-highest

 

Leader-Call, Laurel, MS. “State News in Brief…Crystal Springs.” 8-31-2000, p. 3A. Accessed 11-19-2015: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=227545419&sterm=heat

 

Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals, Environmental Public Health Tracking Program (via Centers for Disease Control Cooperative Agreement). Heat Stress: Hospital Admissions, Emergency Department Visits and Deaths in Louisiana. May 23, 2012. Accessed 11-12-2015 at: https://lepht.dhh.la.gov/Quick%20Reports%20Library/Climate%20Change%20Vulnerability/Climate%20Change_Heat%20Stress%20Hospitalizations%20ER%20Visits%20and%20Deaths.pdf

 

Maricopa County Department of Public Health, Division of Disease Control, Office of Epidemiology and Data Services. Heat Caused and Heat Related Death Occurrences in Maricopa County, 2008 Final Report. Maricopa CO. DPH, 5-25-2009, 14 pages. Accessed 11-15-2015 at: https://www.maricopa.gov/publichealth/services/EPI/pdf/heat/2008annualreport.pdf

 

Minnesota Department of Health. Heat-related Deaths: Facts & Figures, 2000-2013 (webpage). Accessed 9-2-2015 at: https://apps.health.state.mn.us/mndata/heat_deaths#year

 

Minnesota Department of Health. Heat-related Deaths: Facts & Figures. 2015. Accessed 11-7-2015 at: https://apps.health.state.mn.us/mndata/heat_deaths

 

Mirabelli, Maria C. and David B. Richardson. “Heat-Related Fatalities in North Carolina.” American Journal of Public Health, vol. 95, no. 4, April 2005, pp. 635-637. Accessed 9-2-2015 at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1449233/

 

Missouri Department of Health & Senior Services. Data & Statistical Reports. Chart: “Hyperthermia Mortality, Missouri 1980-2013.” DHSS/ Accessed 11-19-2015 at: http://health.mo.gov/living/healthcondiseases/hyperthermia/data.php

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Query Results, California, Excessive Heat, 1950-2008.

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Alabama, Lower Mobile, July 14-21, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5155486

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Alabama, Marshall County, June 24, 2000. Accessed 11-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5148770

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Alabama, Upper Baldwin County, June 25, 2000. Accessed 11-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5151761

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Arizona, Pulaski County, July 8, 2000. Accessed 11-17-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5153697

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, Alameda / Contra Costa, June 14, 2000. Accessed 11-17-2015. http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5152902

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, C San Diego County, June 24, 2000. Accessed 11-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5151287

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, Central Sacramento Valley, June 13-15, 2000. Accessed 11-16-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5150179

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, San Diego County Mountains, May 20-23, 2000. Accessed 11-15-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5143338

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, San Mateo County, June 14, 2000. Accessed 11-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5152904

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Indiana, Marion, June 14, 2000. Accessed 11-17-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5149063

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Kansas, Morris County, July 13, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5165136

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Louisiana, Caddo Parish, July 14-22, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5152845

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Louisiana, Caddo Parish, Aug 19, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5155978

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Louisiana, Lincoln Parish, July 18, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5152841

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Louisiana, Orleans Parish, July 16, 2000, 15:32. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5155896

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Louisiana, Orleans Parish, July 16, 2000, 15:49. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5155895

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Louisiana, Ouachita Parish, Aug 20, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5155031

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Adams County, July 14, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5164237

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Copiah County, July 13, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5164235

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Copiah County, Aug 29, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5172560

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, De Soto County, July 13, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5163809

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Hinds County, July 13, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5164236

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Itawamba, Aug 22, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5171684

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Jackson County, July 8, 2000. Accessed 11-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5173756

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Jackson County, July 18, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5173757

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Lafayette, June 13, 2000. Accessed 11-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5163808

                                                                                      

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Leflore, June 19, 2000. Accessed 11-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5164234

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Madison County, June 26, 2000. Accessed 11-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5164233

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Panola County, Aug 20, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5157042

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Sunflower County, July 17, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5164239

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Washington County, Aug 25, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5173229

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Chariton County, July 14-16, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5162516

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Jackson County, July 14-16, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5162515

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Jackson County, Aug 7-12, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5171422

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Jackson County, Aug 22-31, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5171746

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Jackson County, Sep 1-3, 2000. Accessed 11-19-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5158824

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Lawrence County, Aug 27-31, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5171949

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Livingston County, Sep 1-3, 2000. Accessed 11-19-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5158502

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Platte County, July 14-16, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5162514

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis City, July 2-14, 2000. Accessed 11-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5163967

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis Co., July 2-14, 2000. Accessed 11-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5163966

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis Co., Aug 28-31, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5156592

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis Co., Sep 1-3, 2000. Accessed 11-19-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5156598

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Cleveland County, Aug 29, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5173889

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Aug 28, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5173795

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Sep 2, 2000. Accessed 11-19-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5157364

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Chester County, May 6-9, 2000. Accessed 11-15-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5144692

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, May 6-9, 2000. Accessed 11-15-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5144693

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, PA, Philadelphia, June 10-11, 2000. Accessed 11-15-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5153763

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, PA, Philadelphia, June 25-26, 2000. Accessed 11-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5154115

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, PA, Philadelphia, Aug 2, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5173913

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Aug 7-10, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5172639

 

National Climatic Data Center NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, South Carolina, Southern Greenville, July 10, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5176683

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Bexar County, May 27, 2000. Accessed 11-15-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5170428

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Cherokee County, July 4, 2000. Accessed 11-17-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5152843

 

National Climatic Data Center, NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Dallas, July 1-31, 2000. Accessed 11-17-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5163770

 

National Climatic Data Center, NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Dallas, Aug 1-31, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5170450

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Dallas County, Sep 1-23, 2000. Accessed 11-19-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5158270

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Dimmit County, May 11, 2000. Accessed 11-15-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5170429

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Dimmit County, May 18, 2000. Accessed 11-15-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5170430

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Dimmit County, Aug 29, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5170798

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Ellis County, Sep 1-23, 2000. Accessed 11-19-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5158274

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Galveston County, July 6-23-2000. Accessed 11-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5176247

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County. “Search Results for Harris County, Texas. Heat, 2000”. Accessed 11-19-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=%28Z%29+Heat&beginDate_mm=01&beginDate_dd=01&beginDate_yyyy=2000&endDate_mm=12&endDate_dd=31&endDate_yyyy=2000&county=HARRIS%3A201&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&sort=DT&submitbutton=Search&statefips=48%2CTEXAS

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, July 6-23, 2000. Accessed 11-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5176322

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, July 29, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5163947

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, July 31, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5163948

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 3, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5171150

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 7, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5171151

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 9, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5171152

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 10, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=515673

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 11, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5171153

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 12, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5171154

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 29-31, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5171455

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Sep 1-6, 2000. Accessed 11-19-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5174317

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Sep 10, 2000. Accessed 11-19-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5158936

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Maverick County, May 18, 2000. Accessed 11-15-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5170496

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Maverick County, May 31, 2000. Accessed 11-15-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5170497

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Maverick County, July 7, 2000. Accessed 11-17-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5170498

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Tarrant County, Aug 1-31, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5169678

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Travis County, July 4, 2000. Accessed 11-17-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5170426

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Travis County, July 5, 2000. Accessed 11-17-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5164917

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Travis County, July 18, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5170427

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Travis County, July 23, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5164919

 

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Williamson County, July 25, 2000. Accessed 11-18-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5170797

 

National Weather Service, NOAA. 2000 Heat Related Fatalities. Accessed 9-1-2011 at:  http://www.weather.gov/om/hazstats/heat00.pdf

 

National Weather Service Central Region Headquarters, Kansas City, MO. Summer Weather Safety. “Missouri Heat Related Deaths.” 7-15-2014 modification. Accessed 9-25-2015 at: http://www.crh.noaa.gov/Image/lsx/wcm/Heat/SummerWeatherSafetySummary.pdf

 

Null, Jan (Dept. of Meteorology and Climate Science, San Jose State University). Chart: “U.S. Child Vehicular Heatstroke Deaths (1998-2015). Heatstroke Deaths of Children in Vehicles (website). Golden Gate Weather Services, 2015. Accessed 11-19-2015 at: http://noheatstroke.org/

 

Occupational Safety and Health Administration. “Inspection: 123273690 – Golden Construction.” Accident Search Results for “Heat” 2000. Accessed 11-19-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=123273690

 

Occupational Safety and Health Administration. “Inspection: 123630444 – Pro’s Landscape Management.” Accident Search Results for “Heat” 2000. Accessed 11-19-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=123630444

 

Occupational Safety and Health Administration. “Inspection: 125732776 – Loring Citrus Farm.” Accident Search Results for “Heat” 2000. Accessed 11-19-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=125732776

 

Occupational Safety and Health Administration. “Inspection: 302396809 – Morgan Electric Company.” Accident Search Results for “Heat” 2000. Accessed 11-19-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=302396809

 

Occupational Safety and Health Administration. “Inspection: 302661947 – Urbano Alanis.” Accident Search Results for “Heat” 2000. Accessed 11-19-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=302661947

 

Occupational Safety and Health Administration. “Inspection: 303182711 – Santiago Reyes DBA Reyes Harvesting.” Accident Search Results for “Heat” 2000. Accessed 11-19-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=303182711

 

Occupational Safety and Health Administration. “Inspection: 303381248 – Harcrest Homes, LLC.” Accident Search Results for “Heat” 2000. Accessed 11-19-2015: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=303381248

 

Occupational Safety and Health Administration. “Inspection: 303414759 – Terra Firma Land Surveying and Planning, Inc.” Accident Search Results for “Heat” 2000. Accessed 11-19-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=303414759

 

Occupational Safety and Health Administration. “Inspection: 303416663 – Rilee Supply.: Accident Search Results for “Heat” 2000. Accessed 11-19-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=303416663

 

Occupational Safety and Health Administration. “Inspection: 303827455 – Elton McPherson.” Accident Search Results for “Heat” 2000. Accessed 11-19-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=303827455

 

State of Wisconsin Department of Military Affairs, Division of Emergency Management. “Wisconsin Heat Awareness Day June 12, 2014” (Press Release). 6-4-2014. Accessed 9-2-2015 at: http://readywisconsin.wi.gov/heat/docs/HeatAwarenessDay2014Release.pdf

 

TheEagle.com (Jordan Overturf), Bryan TX. “Family using tragedy to raise awareness about child heatstroke deaths.” 7-5-2015. Accessed 11-19-2015 at: http://www.theeagle.com/news/local/family-using-tragedy-to-raise-awareness-about-child-heatstroke-deaths/article_de53415d-9d0a-5eef-b83c-5045d3034948.html

 

The Progress, Clearfield, PA. “Mother pleads guilty to reckless manslaughter.” 6-30-2001, p. 3. Accessed 11-12-2015: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=151385798&sterm

 

Trent, Roger B., Ph.D. (CA Dept. of Health Services). Review of July 2006 Heat Wave Related Fatalities in California. Sacramento, CA: Epidemiology and Prevention for Injury Control Branch, California Department of Health Services, May 2007. Accessed 8-31-2015 at: https://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/injviosaf/Documents/HeatPlanAssessment-EPIC.pdf

 

TTU [Tennessee Tech University] News. “Campus Mourns the Death of Student-Athlete Preston Birdsong.” 8-30-2000. Accessed 11-19-2015 at: https://www.tntech.edu/news/archive/campus-mourns-the-death-of-student-athlete-preston-birdsong

 

Ukiah Daily Journal, Ukiah CA. “Cooler temperatures expected for the weekend” 6-16/17-2000, A1, A12. Accessed 6-2-2015 at: http://newspaperarchive.com/us/california/ukiah/ukiah-daily-journal/2000/06-16/

 

Walla Walla Union-Bulletin, WA. “Woman sentenced in foster son’s death.” 8-1-2001, p. 11. Accessed 11-14-2015 at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=225276864&sterm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[1] We highlight in yellow to indicate that even though this death is noted as heat death by NOAA sub-entities the Nat.  Climatic Data Center and the National Weather Service, we do not include in our tally in that the boy was playing in the river with friends when he disappeared, an apparent drowning victim, whose body was later recovered.

[2] Credits the Health Department’s Center for Health Statistics.

[3] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Alabama, Upper Baldwin County, June 25, 2000. Notes the child died of heat exposure after being unable to get out of the car; outdoor temps in mid-to-upper 80s.

[4] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Alabama, Marshall County, June 24, 2000.

[5] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Alabama, Lower Mobile, July 14-21, 2000.

[6] Table 1: Characteristics of deaths from exposure to excessive natural heat…in Arizona by year, 1992-2009,” p. 15.

[7] Table 1: Characteristics of deaths from exposure to excessive natural heat…in Arizona by year, 1992-2009,” p. 15.

[8] Table 1: Characteristics of deaths from exposure to excessive natural heat…Arizona by year, 1992-2009,” p. 16.

[9] Graph 1. Maricopa County Heat Related and Heat Caused Deaths for Years 2000-2008. A breakout of “heat-caused” and “heat-related” is not given, though one is provided for the year 2008 of the 48 heat deaths – 31 “heat-caused,” and 17 “heat-related.”

[10] Highlighted in yellow to denote we are not using in tally, using, instead, Maricopa County DPH figures, which include heat-related as well as direct heat-caused deaths. Note on page 3 that Heat-related deaths are those “Cases that mention heat exposure in Part II of the death certificate causes of death, but not in any of the Part I variables.”

[11] Table 1: Characteristics of deaths from exposure to excessive natural heat…in Arizona…1992-2009,” p. 16.

[12] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Arizona, Pulaski County, July 8, 2000.

[13] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, Alameda/Contra Costa, June 14, 2000.

[14] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, C San Diego County, June 24, 2000.

[15] “At least eight Northern California deaths have been blamed on the record-breaking heat wave this week…”

[16] Ukiah Daily Journal, CA. “Cooler temperatures expected…” 6-16-2000, A12.

[17] Ukiah Daily Journal, CA. “Cooler temperatures expected…” 6-16-2000, A12.

[18] Ukiah Daily Journal, CA. “Cooler temperatures expected…” 6-16-2000, A12.

[19] “….two elderly people in a San Francisco nursing home that isn’t air conditioned [died]. Four other residents of the Sun Bridge Care and Rehabilitation home were hospitalized for heat-related ailments Wednesday [June 14], when the temperature climbed into the low 100s….” (Ukiah Daily Journal, CA. “Cooler temperatures expected…” 6-16-2000, A12.)

[20] Ukiah Daily Journal, CA. “Cooler temperatures expected…” 6-16-2000, A12.

[21] Ukiah Daily Journal, CA. “Cooler temperatures expected…” 6-16-2000, A12

[22] OSHA. “Inspection: 125732776 – Loring Citrus Farm.” Accident Search Results for “Heat” 2000.

[23] CDC. “Heat-Related Deaths – Los Angeles County, California, 1999-2000, and United States, 1979-1998.” Notes the victim died two days later and that “Death was attributed to hyperthermia.”

[24] Her body temperature when measured at a hospital was 108° F. CDC. “Heat-Related Deaths – Los Angeles County, California, 1999-2000, and United States, 1979-1998.”

[25] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, Central Sacramento Valley, June 13-15, 2000.

[26] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, San Diego County Mountains, May 20-23, 2000.

[27] Cedar Rapids Gazette, IA. Obituaries, “Robert Eugene Newmire.” 7-24-2000, 4B. (Victim was Iowa native.)

[28] OSHA. “Inspection: 303182711 – Santiago Reyes DBA Reyes Harvesting.” Accident Search Results 2000.

[29] OSHA. “Inspection: 303381248 – Harcrest Homes, LLC.” Accident Search Results for “Heat” 2000.

[30] CDC. “Heat-Related Deaths – Chicago, Illinois, 1996-2001, and U.S., 1979-1999.” MMWR , 52/26, 7-4-2003.

[31] AP, Harvey. “Center closes after baby dies in van.” Daily Republican-Register, Mt. Carmel, IL, 8-31-2000.

[32] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Indiana, Marion, June 14, 2000. Notes that the room temperature when the victim was found was 109.8 degrees F.

[33] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Kansas, Morris County, July 13, 2000.

[34] From Table: “Heat Stress: Deaths, Louisiana, 1999-2010.” Following pages break fatalities out by 9 LA Regions.

[35] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Louisiana, Caddo Parish, July 14-22, 2000.

[36] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Louisiana, Lincoln Parish, July 18, 2000.

[37] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Louisiana, Orleans Parish, July 16, 2000, 15:32.

[38] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Louisiana, Orleans Parish, July 16, 2000, 15:49.

[39] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Louisiana, Ouachita Parish, Aug 20, 2000.

[40] AP, Ann Arbor. “Player dies after stroke in Michigan.” Frederick Post, MD, 8-18-2000, B4. Victim identified as Jeremy Tarlea. Notes that it was the third day of conditioning camp and that the victim had noted not feeling well.

[41] There is no date, but the tables in the document are for 2000 to 2014 (May-September). We thus assume 2015.

[42] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Adams County, July 14, 2000.

[43] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Copiah County, July 13, 2000; OSHA. “Inspection: 302396809 – Morgan Electric Company.” Accident Search Results for “Heat” 2000. Also: Leader-Call, Laurel, MS. “State News in Brief…Crystal Springs.” 8-31-2000, p. 3A, which identifies the victim as Eddie Myers, and notes that the outdoor temps reached 100 degrees F that day.

[44] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Copiah County, Aug 29, 2000.

[45] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, De Soto County, July 13, 2000.

[46] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Hinds County, July 13, 2000.

[47] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Itawamba, Aug 22, 2000.

[48] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Jackson County, July 8, 2000.

[49] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Jackson County, July 18, 2000.

[50] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Lafayette, June 13, 2000.

[51] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Leflore, June 19, 2000.

[52] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Madison County, June 26, 2000.

[53] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Mississippi, Sunflower County, July 17, 2000.

[54] We use ~ sign to denote approximately, in that we are reading from a chart which would seem to indicate 22 deaths from an eyeball examination – increments are in 10.

[55] Cites as source: Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS).

[56] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Chariton County, July 14-16, 2000.

[57] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Jackson County, July 14-16, 2000.

[58] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Jackson County, Aug 7-12, 2000.

[59] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Jackson County, Sep 1-3, 2000.

[60] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Jackson County, Aug 7-12, 2000.

[61] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Jackson County, Aug 22-31, 2000.

[62] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Lawrence County, Aug 27-31, 2000.

[63] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Livingston County, Sep 1-3, 2000.

[64] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Platte County, July 14-16, 2000.

[65] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis (C), July 2-14, 2000.

[66] The Progress, Clearfield, PA. “Mother pleads guilty to reckless manslaughter.” 6-30-2001, p. 3. Victim’s name identified as Jack Hayes.

[67] Figure 1.

[68] Ashtabula Star Beacon, OH. “One Geauga twin dead from heat stroke, other exits hospital.” 6-15-2000, p. A3.

[69] From Figure 1. “Heat-Related Deaths by Year, Oklahoma, 1990-2001.” Deaths in Figure 1 are denoted by a horizontal bar, against backdrop of horizontal lines in increments of five.

[70] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Cleveland County, Aug 29, 2000.

[71] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Aug 28, 2000. Apparently mistakenly set system to heat instead of cool. Died on the 12th day in a row with temperatures at or above 100 degrees F.

[72] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Sep 2, 2000.

[73] Walla Walla Union-Bulletin, WA. “Woman sentenced in foster son’s death.” 8-1-2001, p. 11. According to the article, the foster mother “told tribal police and the FBI that she left Andres [Estaban Saragos] in the car with the windows cracked because she was angry with him for refusing to swim with his classmates at the Kah-Nee Ta Resort. In court papers submitted by her attorney…[Tamera A.] Coffee stated that she knew at the time that her foster son could be hurt or killed, but that she had decided to take her chances.” Also notes “Temperatures in the sun-baked reservation town topped 90 degrees that day.”

[74] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Chester County, May 6-9, 2000.

[75] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Chester County, May 6-9, 2000.

[76] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, May 6-9, 2000.

[77] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, June 10-11, 2000.

[78] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, June 25-26, 2000.

[79] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Aug 2, 2000.

[80] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Aug 7-10, 2000.

[81] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, South Carolina, Southern Greenville, July 10, 2000.

[82] TTU [Tenn. Tech Univ.] News. “Campus Mourns the Death of Student-Athlete Preston Birdsong.” 8-30-2000.

[83] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Bexar County, May 27, 2000.

[84] TheEagle.com (Jordan Overturf), Bryan TX. “Family using tragedy to raise awareness about child heatstroke deaths.” 7-5-2015.

[85] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Cherokee County, July 4, 2000.

[86] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Dallas County, Sep 1-23, 2000.

[87] OSHA. “Inspection: 302661947 – Urbano Alanis.” Accident Search Results for “Heat” 2000.

[88] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Dimmit County, May 11, 2000.

[89] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Dimmit County, May 18, 2000.

[90] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Dimmit County, Aug 29, 2000.

[91] OSHA. “Inspection: 123630444 – Pro’s Landscape Management.” Accident Search Results for “Heat” 2000.

[92] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Galveston County, July 6-23-2000.

[93] Galveston Daily News (M. Martell), TX. “County records second heat-related death of summer.” 8-25-2000, A8.

[94] Galveston Daily News (Morghan Martell), TX. “County records second heat-related death of summer.” 8-25-2000, A8. Notes the victim was found in  the alley on 10th Street between Broadway and Avenue K on July 24.

[95] TheEagle.com, Bryan TX. “Family using tragedy to raise awareness about child heatstroke deaths.” 7-5-2015.

[96] Highlighted to note we do not use as fatality total, in that it seems not to include OSHA-noted death on Sep 8.

[97] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 7, 2000.

[98] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 12, 2000.

[99] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Aug 29-31, 2000.

[100] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Harris County, Sep 1-6, 2000.

[101] OSHA. “Inspection: 123273690 – Golden Construction.” Accident Search Results for “Heat” 2000.

[102] Highlighted in yellow to indicate we do not use figure of 26 deaths in our tally, using, instead NCDC and OSHA.

[103] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Maverick County, May 18, 2000.

[104] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Maverick County, May 31, 2000.

[105] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Maverick County, July 7, 2000.

[106] OSHA. “Inspection: 303416663 – Rilee Supply.: Accident Search Results for “Heat” 2000.

[107] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Tarrant County, Aug 1-31, 2000.

[108] OSHA. “Inspection: 303414759 – Terra Firma Land Surveying…Planning, Inc.” Accident Search Results 2000.

[109] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Travis County, July 4, 2000.

[110] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Travis County, July 5, 2000.

[111] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Travis County, July 18, 2000.

[112] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Travis County, July 23, 2000. Notes the mother had fallen asleep and that the boy and a temperature of 108 degrees when he reached the hospital.

[113] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Travis County, July 23, 2000.

[114] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Williamson County, July 25, 2000.

[115] AP, Richmond, Va. “High school player dies at practice.” Walla Walla Union-Bulletin, WA, 9-6-2000, p. 14; ESPN (Chad Konecky). “Virginia lineman dies.” 7-16-2000. (Notes death due to complication from heatstroke.)

[116] Cites IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change). 2014.

1999 — Dec 4, Illegal worker van hits 18-wheeler on I-40 near Albuquerque, NM — 13

—  13  Daily Sitka Sentinel, AK. “Smuggling Probed After Aliens Killed in Crash.” 12-7-1999, 3.

—  13  Lubbock Avalanche-Journal, TX. “Investigators identify eight crash victims.” 12-12-1999.

—  13  National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.  FARS 1975-2010 Fatality Analysis.

—  13  Santa Fe New Mexican. “Van slams into semi on I-40; 13 killed.” 12-5-1999, p. A1-A2.

 

Narrative Information

 

Dec 5, Santa Fe New Mexican: “Thirteen people died early Saturday when a van suspected of carrying undocumented farm workers slammed into the back of an 18-wheeler on Interstate 40 in the southernmost tip of Santa Fe County.

 

“The eastbound van was carrying 17 people when it hit the truck, which was stopped on the interstate because of another accident east of Edgewood, Santa Fe County Sheriff Ray Sisneros said.  Eleven people died at the scene, Sisneros said.  One died en route to University Hospital in Albuquerque, while another died at the hospital, Sisneros said.  Two people are in critical condition at Presbyterian Hospital in Albuquerque and two are at University Hospital in satisfactory condition, the sheriff said.

 

“The driver of the 18-wheeler was not injured in the crash.

 

“The 1985 Chevrolet conversion van with Kentucky plates had no passenger seats and the passengers were simply on the floor, said tow truck operator Michael Tavenner, who helped pull the bodies out.  “It was gruesome,” Tavenner said.  “They were just packed in there.  When we opened the van, they just fell out.”

 

“Sisneros said the van itself was the biggest indication that it was an operation that transported illegal immigrants.  “All the seats had been gutted so it could carry more people than it was designed to,” he said.  “The driver and the right passenger were the only two seats in there.  Because this is apparently an illegal-alien operation, identification of the victims may take days,” Sisneros said. “The ones who have identification are liable to have false identification.”  He said the two victims in satisfactory condition were able to give their names, but officials still must verify those identities.  “I would be shocked if I had the (IDs) by Monday afternoon,” he said. “It’s going to take time.”‘

 

“The U.S. Border Patrol was called in to assist with identification, said Border Patrol spokesman Doug Hosier.  “We know that the 13 people who were killed were adult males.  We believe they were Mexican nationals from Chiapas and Oaxaca,” Hosier said.  “There was documentation to suggest that in the vehicle.”  Border Patrol agent Garth Rogers said he spoke to one of the survivors and was told the van was headed to Kentucky at the time.  The driver, who is allegedly the immigrant-smuggler, had a list of names and amounts he was being paid for transporting the agricultural workers, Rogers said.  The workers were picked up at Douglas, Ariz., he said, and the driver had a Florida driver’s license.

 

“All but one of the dead were adults, and one was a 16-year-old boy, Rogers said.  Two of the survivors also are 16-year-old boys, he said.  The Border Patrol is working with the Santa Fe County Sheriff’s Department and the Mexican Consulate in Albuquerque, he said.  The Mexican Consulate did not return a telephone message left at its Albuquerque office.

 

“The cause of the accident was still under investigation, but Sisneros said officials think the driver fell asleep, causing the van to collide with the 18-wheeler….

 

“Sisneros said there was no indication that the van driver applied his brakes, and he said there was no evidence of alcohol use.  Medical investigators will perform toxicology tests on the driver to determine whether alcohol was in his system.  Sisneros said investigators have not yet determined how fast the van was moving.

 

“Only about a half-mile of 1-40 cuts through Santa Fe County, Sisneros said.  The other wreck, which caused the 18-wheeler to stop, was in another county, he said. State police are investigating that accident.” (Santa Fe New Mexican. “Van slams into semi on I-40; 13 killed.” 12-5-1999, A1-A2.)

 

Dec 7, AP: “Albuquerque, N.M. (AP) — The .U.S. Border Patrol is piecing together the events leading up to the fatal crash of a van smuggling illegal Mexican immigrants to determine how large and sophisticated the smuggling operation is — and how to combat it.  “We have a huge interest in finding out how this occurred in an effort to try and curb some of this,” Garth Rogers, patrol agent in charge of Albuquerque Border Patrol office, said Monday. “This clearly looks like a major case of alien smuggling.”

 

“Thirteen of the 17 people aboard “the van, including the driver, died in Saturday’s crash on Interstate 40 east of Albuquerque.  Police said the van slid on the icy highway and plowed into a tractor-trailer that had stopped because of an earlier accident.  The van’s undocumented workers were from the southern Mexican states of Oaxaca and Chiapas.

 

“Authorities were interviewing the four survivors Monday at University Hospital.  But Santa Fe County Undersheriff Bcnjie Montano said they likely would not reveal much about the smuggling outfit.  “We interviewed the survivors and they didn’t know where they were going,” he said. “They only knew they were going to work.”

 

“The hospital identified three of the patients as Antonio Romero Hernandez, Raquel Sanchez and Domingo Sanchez.  The name of the fourth, a female, had not been confirmed.  All four were listed in satisfactory condition.  Rogers said one survivor is 15, another 16 and two are in their 20s. The patients declined to talk to reporters….

 

“Rogers said the immigrants came through Douglas, Ariz., a thoroughfare known as a gateway into the country for many Mexican smugglers.

 

“One of the survivors told deputies that they were headed to Kentucky.  But Rogers noted that most immigrants smuggled from Oaxaca and Chiapas are transported to orchards in Florida, Georgia or North Carolina.  The van’s driver had a Florida driver’s license.  Tobacco farmers in Kentucky also doubted that the workers were headed to their state.  They say the tobacco season is over.

 

“Rogers said the U.S. Department of Labor also has sent an investigator to determine if any U.S. employers were involved in bringing the workers into the country.  “If an employer was responsible, they could be held culpable” for the crash, Rogers said.  But he said there was no evidence an employer was conducting the smuggling.

 

“The smugglers have little concern for their passengers, Rogers said.  Sometimes they assist workers in finding employment, but the smugglers expect to get paid when the workers find jobs, he said.  “Their main concern is to move as many as possible to where they want to go,” he said.”

(Daily Sitka Sentinel, AK. “Smuggling Probed After Aliens Killed in Crash.” 12-7-1999, 3.)

 

Dec 12, AP: “Albuquerque (AP) Medical investigators have released the names of eight of 13 illegal immigrants killed when the van they were in crashed east of Albuquerque.  The eastbound van plowed into the rear of a tractor-trailer rig that had stopped with its emergency lights flashing on icy Interstate 40 Dec. 4.  The crash, which federal investigators said was likely caused by fatigue and inexperience on the part of the van driver, also injured four other people in the van.

 

“The driver of the van was Chavez, 20, of Live Oak, Fla., authorities said.  He had six-tenths of a mile of visibility before the crash some 30 miles east of Albuquerque, said Larry Yohe, an investigator with the National Transportation Safety Board.  “Unless we get more information on his background, we may never have an exact cause,” Yohe said….” (Lubbock Avalanche-Journal, TX. “Investigators identify eight crash victims.” 12-12-1999.)

 

Sources

 

Daily Sitka Sentinel, AK. “Smuggling Probed After Aliens Killed in Crash.” 12-7-1999, 3. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/daily-sitka-sentinel/1999-12-07/page-3/

 

Lubbock Avalanche-Journal, TX. “Investigators identify eight crash victims.” 12-12-1999. Accessed at: http://lubbockonline.com/stories/121299/reg_121299002.shtml

 

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Partial Data Dump of Crashes Involving 10 or More Fatalities, by Year, Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) 1975-2009 Final and 2010 ARF. Washington, DC: NHTSA, pdf file provided to Wayne Blanchard, 1-26-2012.

 

Santa Fe New Mexican, NM. “Van slams into semi on I-40; 13 killed.” 12-5-1999, p. 1. Accessed at: http://www.newspaperarchive.com/santa-fe-new-mexican/1999-12-05/

 

 

 

 

 

 

1999 — Nov 18, Texas A&M University Bonfire stack collapse, College Station, TX– 12

— 12  History.com.  This Day in History, Disaster, November 16, 1999

— 12  United States Fire Administration. Bonfire Collapse Texas A&M University… 1999.

 

Narrative Information

 

USFA: “In keeping with a ninety-year old tradition, fifty-eight people were working to construct the fourth tier of the 1999 bonfire stack on the campus of the Texas A&M University during the early morning hours of November 18, 1999. The bonfire is ignited every year on the eve of football game between Texas A&M and its arch rival the University of Texas at Austin. The fort-foot stack, consisting of approximately 5,000 logs, collapsed killing eleven people and sending twenty-eight to area hospi­tals. One of the injured would later die, bringing the total number killed in the incident to twelve.

 

“There were emergency medical personnel from the University’s Emergency Medical Service at the scene when the collapse occurred. EMS personnel immediately began to triage the injured bonfire workers and to assist with the rescue effort.  The first call to 9-1-1 was received by the City of College Station’s Emergency Communications Center at 02:43 hours….An engine company and an ALS ambulance from the College Station Fire Department were dispatched and arrived on the scene within four and one half minutes.

 

“The first firefighters to arrive at the incident were confronted with a scene eerily reminiscent of the children’s game of pick-up-sticks. Command was established and additional resources were ordered immediately upon realization of the magnitude of the event. The rescue and recovery effort lasted almost twenty-four hours and involved over 3,200 individuals from over fifty different agencies.

 

“The magnitude and unique nature of the incident quickly attracted National attention. At the height of the incident, approximately fifty satellite television trucks were broadcasting from the scene, including a number of Regional television stations that broadcast live from the scene throughout the event….

 

“Shortly after the incident, the President of the University appointed an independent commission of inquiry to determine the cause of the collapse. The commission was assisted in their inquiry by a number of experts as well as staff from the University. On May 2, 2000, the Commission released their much-anticipated findings. Their inquiry concluded that the 1999 bonfire collapsed due to a number of both physical and organizational factors. According to the Report’s Summary of Findings, the structural collapse of the bonfire stack was driven by a containment failure in the first stack of logs….

 

Organizational factors resulted in an environment in which a complex and dangerous structure was allowed to be built without adequate physical or engineering controls. Organizational failure included the absence of an appropriate written design or design process; a cultural bias, which impedes risk identification; and the lack of a proactive risk management approach.”  (USFA-TR-133, 1999, Bonfire Collapse)

 

Sources

 

History.com. This Day in History, Disaster, November 16, 1999. “Construction Begins on Deadly Bonfire.” Accessed 11/25/2008 at:  http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&displayDate=11/16&categoryId=disaster

 

United States Fire Administration. Bonfire Collapse Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas (USFA-TR-133). Emmitsburg, MD: USFA, DHS, November 1999, 62 pages. Accessed at:  http://www.usfa.dhs.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/tr-133.pdf

 

Additional Reading

 

Burka, Paul. “The Aggie Bonfire Tragedy.” Texas Monthly, April 2000. Accessed 11-23-2015 at: http://www.texasmonthly.com/the-culture/the-aggie-bonfire-tragedy/

 

Remembering Bonfire (A Recognized Student Organization at Texas A&M University). “List of Fallen Aggies.” Accessed 11-23-2015 at: http://bonfire.tamu.edu/memorialFallen

 

 

 

 

1999 — Nov 2, Workplace Shootings of Xerox co-workers, Honolulu, HI — 7

–7  Barayuga. “Xerox Shootings. Grand jury indicts Uyesugi for fist-degree murder.” 11-9-1999.

–7  Barayuga. “Xerox Shootings. Survivors emerge as key witnesses.” Star Bulletin, 5-16-2000.

–7  Blanco, Juan Ignacio. Murderpedia. “Bryan Koji Uyesugi.” 9-14-2014 modification.

–7  Bricking, Tanya. Honolulu Advertiser. “Uyesugi appeal likely to fail.” 7-1-2001.

–7  Duwe, Grant.  Mass Murder in the United States: A History. McFarland, 2007, p. 116.

–7  Waite, David. “2 murder convictions upheld.” Honolulu Advertiser, 12-27-2002.

–7  Wisconsin State Journal, Madison. “Seven Killed in Hawaii Shooting.” 11-3-1999, p. 1.

 

Narrative Information

 

Nov 3: Honolulu — In the latest outburst of workplace violence, a Xerox copier repairman shot and killed seven coworkers in his office building Tuesday morning, authorities said.  He surrendered after a five-hour armed standoff with police.  Police believe Byran Uyesugi, a 15-year Xerox employee, shot seven fellow copier technicians at about 8 a.m. (noon CST) before fleeing in a company van with a gun.  He eventually stopped several miles away in a leafy, residential neighborhood.  Police cordoned off the neighborhood and began negotiating with him about two hours later.

 

“About five hours after the shooting began, Uyesugi emerged from the van, walked to the back of the vehicle with his hands raised and then fell down on the ground.  His brother had helped in the negotiations.  SWAT teams raced toward him with automatic weapons drawn.  No shots were heard and no injuries were reported.  “It appears as though it was a disgruntled employee who snapped,” Mayor Jeremy Harris said.  Police, though, would not comment on a motive.  Uyesugi, 40, was being booked for investigation of first-degree murder, which carries a mandatory penalty of life without parole.

 

“The gunfire erupted in an industrial section of Honolulu, far from the Waikiki tourist district. Five victims were found dead in a conference room and two other bodies were found nearby. All had been shot with a 9mm handgun, authorities said.  Police found 20 9mm shell casings at the scene. At Uyesugi’s home, they found 11 handguns, 5 rifles and two shotguns.

 

“The victims – male Xerox employees – were shot on the second floor of the two-story building, authorities said.  They ranged in age from 33 to 58….”  (Wisconsin State Journal, Madison (Bruce Dunford, Associated Press). “Seven Killed in Hawaii Shooting.” 11-3-1999, p. 1.)

 

Nov 3: “Honolulu….By late morning in Makiki Heights, a residential neighborhood near the shooting scene, negotiators were talking with the suspect through a bull horn.  He was seen pacing back and forth outside the van.

 

“Police cordoned off a half-mile area around his van, which was near the Hawaii Nature Center.  About 60 fourth-graders and 12 chaperones were on a nature hike when police told them to get to higher ground.  A school bus with two rifle-toting police officers then took the students to safety.  A separate group of first-graders on a field trip also were evacuated in the afternoon.”  (Frederick Post, MD. “Man accused of killing 7 co-workers at Xerox.” 11-3-1999, p. 1.)

 

Nov 5: “Washington – Associated Press — Workplace shootings in Honolulu and Seattle this week prompted Vice President Al Gore and congressional Democrats to renew pressure on Republicans, accusing them of stalling gun legislation.  Republicans say enforcement is the solution, not more laws.

 

“Gore descended the Senate stairs for the cameras Thursday and promised to give gun control a prominent role during his bid for the White House.  “This is going to be a national issue all over the United States of America,” Gore said.  “The leadership of the majority, the Republican Party, in the Congress today is frustrating the will of the American people by refusing to take up legislation that the American people support,” he added. “How many tragedies does it take before the members of the Republican leadership bottling up this legislation get the message?”

 

“Republicans, who have been unable to reach compromise between gun restrictions passed by the House and Senate, have accused the vice president of being part of an administration that has presided over an increase in mass shootings.  “This administration, as a policy, is putting gun-toting felons on the streets in record numbers,” National Rifle Association President Charleton Heston told the House Government Reform Committee’s panel on criminal justice, drug policy and human resources.  Hollywood’s resident pro-gun activist said the White House lacks “the time or the spine” to enforce current laws. “Why does the president ask for more federal gun laws if he’s not going to enforce the ones we have?” Heston asked.

 

“The legislation in question has been stalled since early summer, but the dispute flares up with each new mass shooting.  After the Columbine High School killing spree that left 14 students and a teacher dead, the House and Senate passed competing versions of a juvenile justice bill that contains new gun restrictions.  The Senate passed a series of provisions to require background checks at gun shows.  But a similar set of proposals died in a crossfire in the House when Republicans complained the measures were too strong and some Democrats griped they were too weak.

 

“Efforts at a compromise have moved fitfully since. House Judiciary Committee Chairman Henry Hyde of Illinois has sought middle ground by proposing a two-step system of background checks that would clear most gun show sales within 24 hours. It also would ban the import of some large capacity ammunition clips and require the sale of safety-devices with handguns. Anyone convicted of a gun-related felony as a child would be banned for life from handgun ownership.

 

“Hyde’s proposal has gone nowhere in Congress’ rush to adjourn for the year.  Democrats say the plan doesn’t go far enough to bar gun sales without background checks. Republicans say Democrats are blocking compromise efforts to preserve a campaign weapon.  “Please do not let a desire to exploit a political issue undermine this unique opportunity to protect America’s children,” Hyde wrote in a letter Thursday to Minority Leader Dick Gephardt.” (Syracuse Herald-Journal, NY. “Democrats cite shootings, press for gun legislation.” 11-5-1999, A12.)

 

Nov 9:  “An Oahu grand jury today returned a first-degree murder indictment against alleged gunman Byran Uyesugi, 40, for the deaths of seven co-workers in Hawaii’s worst multiple slaying case.  The grand jury convened this morning almost one week to the hour after the murders of Melvin Lee, Ron Kawamae, Ron Kataoka, Peter Mark, Ford Kanehira, John Sakamoto and Jason Balatico in the Xerox building on Nimitz Highway….” (Barayuga. “Xerox Shootings. Grand jury indicts Uyesugi for fist-degree murder.” Star-Bulletin, HI, 11-9-1999.)

 

Aug 8, 2000: “Sentenced to life in prison without parole…” (Blanco. Murderpedia. 9-14-2014.)

 

July 1, 2001: “Legal observers in the case of Hawai’i’s most notorious mass murder say Byran Uyesugi doesn’t have a chance of overturning his conviction in the Xerox killings….Uyesugi, 41, a former copy-machine repairman, was sentenced 10 months ago to life in prison without parole, Hawai’i’s harshest sentence, for killing seven co-workers in a 1999 shooting rampage.  A jury rejected the defense argument that he was criminally insane at the time of the crimes and that he was haunted by a spirit that poked at his head and filled his mind with ideas about having FBI agents after him….” (Bricking. Honolulu Advertiser. “Uyesugi appeal likely to fail.” 7-1-2001.)

 

Dec 27, 2002:  “The Hawai’i Supreme Court upheld the murder convictions of two of Hawai’i’s most notorious killers — Byran Uyesugi, who gunned down seven of his Xerox coworkers in a Nimitz Highway warehouse in 1999, and Frank Pauline Jr., who took part in the 1991 slaying of 23-year old Dana Ireland in the Big Island’s Puna district…. The multiple murders by Uyesugi, a disgruntled copy machine repairman who had a history of anger control problems, shocked Hawai’i and made many employers reevaluate their policies on problem employees.”  (Waite, David. “2 murder convictions upheld.” Honolulu Advertiser, 12-27-2002.)

 

Sources

 

Barayuga, Debra. “Xerox Shootings. Grand jury indicts Uyesugi for fist-degree murder.” Star-Bulletin, HI, 11-9-1999. Accessed 3-3-2013 at: http://archives.starbulletin.com/1999/11/09/news/story1.html

 

Barayuga, Debra, and Suzanne Tswei. “Xerox Shootings. Survivors emerge as key witnesses.” Star-Bulletin, HI, 5-16-2000. Accessed 11-23-2015: http://archives.starbulletin.com/2000/05/16/news/story1.html

 

Blanco, Juan Ignacio. Murderpedia. “Bryan Koji Uyesugi.” 9-14-2014 modification. Accessed 11-23-2015 at: http://murderpedia.org/male.U/u/uyesugi-byran.htm

 

Bricking, Tanya. Honolulu Advertiser. “Uyesugi appeal likely to fail.” 7-1-2001. Accessed 3-3-2013 at: http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2001/Jul/01/ln/ln04a.html

 

Duwe, Grant. Mass Murder in the United States: A History. McFarland, 2007.

 

Waite, David. “2 murder convictions upheld.” Honolulu Advertiser, 12-27-2002. Accessed 3-3-2013 at: http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2002/Dec/27/ln/ln05a.html

 

Wisconsin State Journal, Madison. “Seven Killed in Hawaii Shooting.” 11-3-1999, p. 1. At: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=164482235&sterm=xerox+honolulu

 

1999 — Oct 31, Egypt Air 990 Crash, Mass Murder, off Nantucket Island, MA — 217

—  217  Aircraft Crashes Record Office (Geneva, Switzerland).  New York.

—  217  Aviation Safety Network. Accident Description.  Egypt Air Flight 990, 31 Oct 1999.

—  217  ECAA. Report of Investigation of Accident:  EgyptAir Flight 990, October 31, 1999.

—  217  Langewiesche.  “The Crash of EgyptAir 990.” The Atlantic, November 2001.

—  217  NTSB. AAB. EgyptAir Flight 990 Boeing…60 Miles South of Nantucket, MA 31Oct1999

—  217  NTSB. EgyptAir Flight 990 Boeing 767-366ER, SU-GAP. Adopted 3-13-2002.

—  217  Wikipedia.  “EgyptAir Flight 990.”

 

Narrative Information

 

ASN: “On October 31, 1999, about 0152 eastern standard time (EST), EgyptAir flight 990, a Boeing 767-366ER (767), SU-GAP, crashed into the Atlantic Ocean about 60 miles south of Nantucket, Massachusetts.  EgyptAir flight 990 was being operated under the provisions of Egyptian Civil Aviation Regulations (ECAR) Part 121 and U.S. 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 129 as a scheduled, international flight from John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK), New York, New York, to Cairo International Airport, Cairo, Egypt. The flight departed JFK about 0120, with 4 flight crewmembers, 10 flight attendants, and 203 passengers on board. All 217 people on board were killed, and the airplane was destroyed.”

 

“EgyptAir Flight 990 departed Los Angeles International Airport, destined for Cairo, with a scheduled intermediate stop at New York-JFK.  The aircraft landed at JFK about 23:48 EDT and arrived at the gate about 00:10 EDT. Two designated flight crews (each crew consisting of a captain and first officer) boarded the aircraft at JFK. The aircraft taxied to runway 22R and was cleared for takeoff at 01:19…. At 01:35, New York ARTCC instructed EgyptAir flight 990 to climb to FL330 and proceed directly to DOVEY intersection.

”About 01:40 the relief first officer suggested that he relieve the command first officer at the controls. The command first officer agreed and left the flightdeck. The airplane leveled at FL 330 four minutes later. At 01:48, the command captain decided to go to the toilet and left the flightdeck. At 01:48:30, about 11 seconds after the captain left the cockpit, the CVR recorded an unintelligible comment. Ten seconds later, the relief first officer stated quietly, “I rely on God.” There were no sounds or events recorded by the flight recorders that would indicate that an airplane anomaly or other unusual circumstance preceded the relief first officer’s statement. At 01:49:18, the CVR recorded the sound of an electric seat motor and 27 seconds later the autopilot was disconnected. At 01:49:48, the relief first officer again stated quietly, “I rely on God.”

 

“At 01:49:53, the throttle levers were moved from their cruise power setting to idle, and, one second later, the FDR recorded an abrupt nose-down elevator movement and a very slight movement of the inboard ailerons. Subsequently, the airplane began to rapidly pitch nose down and descend. Between 0149:57 and 0150:05, the relief first officer quietly repeated, “I rely on God,” seven additional times. During this time, as a result of the nose-down elevator movement, the airplane’s load factor decreased from about 1 to about 0.2 G (almost weightlessness). Then the elevators started moving further in the nose-down direction. Immediately thereafter the captain entered the flightdeck and asked loudly, “What’s happening? What’s happening?”. As he airplane’s load factor reached negative G loads (about -0.2 G) the relief first officer stated for the tenth time, “I rely on God.” At 01:50:08, as the airplane exceeded its maximum operating airspeed (0.86 Mach), a master warning alarm began to sound and the relief first officer stated quietly for the eleventh and final time, “I rely on God,” and the captain repeated his question, “What’s happening?” At 0150:15, as the airplane was descending through about 27,300 feet the airplane’s rate of descent began to decrease. About 6 seconds later the left and right elevator surfaces began to move in opposite directions. The engine start lever switches for both engines then moved from the run to the cutoff position. At 01:50:24 the throttle levers started to move from their idle position to full throttle, and the speed-brake handle moved to its fully deployed position. The captain again asked “What is this? What is this? Did you shut the engine(s)?” At 01:50:26, the captain stated, “Get away in the engines … shut the engines”. The relief first officer replied “It’s shut”.

”Between 01:50:31 and 01:50:37, the captain repeatedly stated, “Pull with me.” However, the elevator surfaces remained in a split condition (with the left surface commanding nose up and the right surface commanding nose down) until the FDR and CVR stopped recording. at 0150:36.64 and 0150:38.47, respectively. The height estimates based on primary radar data from the joint use FAA/U.S. Air Force (USAF) radar sites indicated that the airplane’s descent stopped about 01:50:38 and that the airplane subsequently climbed to about 25,000 feet ms and changed heading from 80º to 140º before it started a second descent, which continued until the airplane impacted the ocean.

”PROBABLE CAUSE: “The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of the EgyptAir flight 990 accident is the airplane’s departure from normal cruise flight and subsequent impact with the Atlantic Ocean as a result of the relief first officer’s flight control inputs. The reason for the relief first officer’s actions was not determined.” (ASN. Accident Description.  Egypt Air Flight 990, 31 Oct 1999.)

 

Egyptian Civil Aviation Authority: “The Egyptian Delegation and the ECAA has had difficulty analyzing all of the issues of this accident because certain tests and information that would assist in analyzing this accident are not available, and the NTSB has refused to conduct any further investigation. In spite of this refusal, however, it is possible to arrive at certain conclusions:

 

  1. The Relief First Officer (RFO) did not deliberately dive the airplane into the ocean. Nowhere in the 1665 pages of the NTSB’s docket or in the 18 months of investigative effort is there any evidence to support the so-called “deliberate act theory.” In fact, the record contains specific

evidence refuting such a theory, including an expert evaluation by Dr. Adel Fouad, a highly experienced psychiatrist.

 

  1. There is evidence pointing to a mechanical defect in the elevator control system of the accident. The best evidence of this is the shearing of certain rivets in two of the right elevator bellcranks and the shearing of an internal pin in a power control actuator (PCA) that was attached to the right elevator. Although this evidence, combined with certain data from the Flight Data Recorder (FDR), points to a mechanical cause for the accident, reaching a definitive conclusion at this point is not possible because of the complexity of the elevator system, the lack of reliable data from Boeing, and the limitations of the simulation and ground tests conducted after the accident. Additional evidence of relevant Boeing 767 elevator malfunctions in incidents involving Aero Mexico (February 2000), Gulf Air and American Airlines (March, 2001). There were also two incidents on a United Airlines airplane in 1994 and 1996.

 

  1. Investigators cannot rule out the possibility that the RFO may have taken emergency action to avoid a collision with an unknown object. Although plausible, this theory cannot be tested because the United States has refused to release certain radar calibration and test data that are necessary to evaluate various unidentified radar returns in the vicinity of Flight 990.” (Egyptian Civil Aviation Authority. Report of Investigation of Accident: Egypt Air Flight 990, Oct 31, 1999.)

 

Langewiesche: “Two years afterward the U.S. and Egyptian governments are still quarreling over the cause—a clash that grows out of cultural division, not factual uncertainty. A look at the flight data from a pilot’s perspective, with the help of simulations of the accident, points to what the Egyptians must already know: the crash was caused not by any mechanical failure but by a pilot’s intentional act.” (Langewiesche. “The Crash of EgyptAir 990.” The Atlantic, November 2001.)

 

NTSB: “Executive Summary

 

“On October 31, 1999, about 0152 eastern standard time (EST), EgyptAir flight 990, a Boeing 767-366ER (767), SU-GAP, crashed into the Atlantic Ocean about 60 miles south of Nantucket, Massachusetts. EgyptAir flight 990 was being operated under the provisions of Egyptian Civil Aviation Regulations (ECAR) Part 121 and U.S. 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 129 as a scheduled, international flight from John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK), New York, New York, to Cairo International Airport, Cairo, Egypt. The flight departed JFK about 0120, with 4 flight crewmembers, 10 flight attendants, and 203 passengers on board. All 217 people on board were killed, and the airplane was destroyed. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the flight, which operated on an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan.

 

“Probable Cause: The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of the EgyptAir flight 990 accident is the airplane’s departure from normal cruise flight and subsequent impact with the Atlantic Ocean as a result of the relief first officer’s flight control inputs. The reason for the relief first officer’s actions was not determined.” (NTSB. EgyptAir Flight 990 Boeing 767-366ER, SU-GAP (Accident Brief).)

 

Wikipedia: “Of the passengers, four were non-revenue EgyptAir crew members. Of the passengers, 32 boarded in Los Angeles, while the rest boarded in New York.[1] Many of the passengers consisted of elderly Americans who intended to visit Egypt as tourists.” (Wikipedia. “EgyptAir Flight 990.”)

 


Victims of the EgyptAir Crash Residing in the U.S.[2]

 

Arizona           6

David R. Ameeraly, 33, Scottsdale

Stella Maurine (Chadwick) Ross, 72, Scottsdale

George Small, 74, grave memorial in Tucson

Gerald L. Smith, 82, Surprise

Mrs. Betty Smith, Surprise

Mrs. Barbara Lee (Wright) Smith, 68, Surprise

California        32

Sami Abdurbu, West Los Angeles

Charles Balassi, 62, Vallejo

Ms. Novelle Balassi, 62, Vallejo

Ms. Paula S, Barnes, 38, Los Altos

Mrs. Judith Bowman, 57, Huntington Beach

Mrs. Judith A. Ebner, 59, Auburn

Robert Ernest Ebner, 66, Auburn

Dorothy Marie Jones Foth, 67, Dana Point

Ullrich Albert ‘Rich’ Foth, 69, Dana Point

Mrs. Barbara A. Freeman, 65, Alpine

Jarold Clarence Freeman, 68, Alpine

Mrs. Beverly Grant, 82, Santa Ana

Ms. Sheila Ruth Jaffee, 63, Huntington Beach

Ms. Imilda Christine Kolander, 66, San Ramon

Jacqueline Jean (Hansen) Kurasch, 72, Los Angeles

Effat Ahmed Mansour, 64, Irvine

Mrs. Virginia Mansour, 59, Irvine

Arthur Jay Peever, 66, Dana Point

Barbara M. Peever, 68, Dana Point

Mary E. (Keynard) Rice, 77, La Mesa

Robert Cyriax Rice, 85, La Mesa

Abdullah Saleh, West Los Angeles

Nasim Saleh, 4, West Lost Angeles

Kurt Schwenk, 39, Palo Alto (also noted as San Jose in Find A Grave)

Toby M. Seidman, 71, Irvine (also noted as San Luis Obispo in Find A Grave)

Arthur Lawrence Smith, 80, Coarsegold

Betty Luella Smith, 71, Coarsegold

Gavin R. Stearns, 40, Los Altos

Mrs. Betty D. Van-Buskirk, 69, San Diego

David W. Van-Buskirk, 69, San Diego

Carol White, Concord[3]

Frederick M. Wong, 85, Redwood City, San Mateo County

Lilla C (Wu) Wong, 80, Redwood City

Colorado         8

Mrs. Tamsin G. ‘Tammy’ Barnes, 65, Idledale

William M. Barnes, 63, Idledale

Elinor Janice Fairlamb Duckworth, Denver.[4]

Thomas Gaines McCulloch, 72, Durango

Ann Leigh Minturn, 71, Red Feather Lakes

Leroy James Sides, 77, Denver (buried at)

Michael Allen Sides, 40, Denver (buried at)

John William Voelker, 70, Durango

Connecticut     5

Arthur Eugene ‘Gene’ Billings, 70, Norfolk

Mrs. Barbara Billings, 71, Norfolk

Martin Greenberg, 74, Ridgefield

Natalie Greenberg, 69, Ridgefield

Ms. Henrietta (Mills) Mead, 61, Norfolk

Florida             6

Richard P. Burson, 77, Venice Isles

Ms. Lenor Burson, 79, Venice Isles

William A. “Willie’ Jackson Sr., 61, Scotch Plains and Orlando, FL

Dr. Henry Paul Jacobi, 71, Palm Harbour

Ms. Patricia Jacobi, 71, Palm Harbour

Mrs. Mitzi F. Schwenk, 48, Scotch Plains and Orlando, FL

Illinois             1

Eugenia (Misikaitis) Rhodes, 80, Chicago

Kansas             1

Lois E. Neufeld, 69, Hanston

Maine              1

Ms. Virginia Helen Chaplin, 72, Georgetown

Maryland         9

Donald Edwin Heck, 67, Chestertown

Mrs. Jeanne Heck, 63, Chestertown

Haitham Kheiry, 24

John William Schelpert III, 71, Chestertown

Joann (Appleyard) Schelpert, 71, Chestertown

Arthur F. “Art” Simermeyer, 72, Randallstown

Marie Simermeyer, 60, Randallstown

Caryl S. Welsh, 62, Clarksville, Howard County

Gerald Dale Welsh, 63, Clarksville, Howard County

Michigan         4

Larry Kowalsky, 74, West Bloomfield

Ms. Edith Kowalsky, 68, West Bloomfield

Norman Sydney Shapiro, 70, Bloomfield Township

Ms. Joan S. (Bonner) Shapiro, 64, Bloomfield Township

Mississippi       3

Capt. Edmund Anderson Miller, 72, West Point

Hannah Bell (McIlrath) Miller, 71, West Point

Mrs. Alice Ida (Havner) Walker, 80, Picayune

New Jersey      6

Ms. Gloria R. Bercielli, 70, Jamesburg, Monroe Township

William A. “Willie’ Jackson Sr., 61, Scotch Plains and Orlando, FL

Doris Rosen

Irving Rosen, 72, North Brunswick

Mrs. Mitzi F. Schwenk, 48, Scotch Plains and Orlando, FL

Ms. Anne M. Soernssen, 75, Jamesburg, Monroe Township, Middlesex County

New York       2

Robert T. Fitzpatrick, 68, Southold

Mrs. Sharon M. Fitzpatrick, 67, Southold

Erica T. Schwenk, 70, Hilton/Parma, Monroe County

Ohio                7

Adel M. Elkousy, 67, Chillicothe

Wafaa H. Elkousy, 61, Chillicothe

Rafik Fayez Iskander, 40, Lakewood

Ann M. McCormick, 72, Cleveland

Dr. Stephen Edward Reinhart, 38, Lakewood

Thomas Victor “Tom” Stone, 62, Columbus

Willadeen “Deannie” (Harrison) Dean Stone, Columbus

Oregon                        4

Mrs. Dorene Alyce Beck, 60, Sweet Home

Raymond Dale Beck, 60, Sweet Home

Mrs. Elaine (Bertman) Walker, 64, Oregon City

Neal L. Walker, 76, Oregon City

Pennsylvania

Gerald W. Dunbar, 76, Wayne, Delaware County[5]

Texas               2

Sayed Abdalla, 43, Richardson

Mrs. Mary Lou Sterner, 66, Olmito

Vermont          1

Richard Spohn Brokaw, 76, Strafford

Virginia           1

Stanley A. Grams, 74, Norfolk City

Washington     2

Dorothy Allen, 54, Port Allen

Ms. Jean Allen, 28, Port Orchard

 

Sources

 

Aircraft Crashes Record Office (Geneva, Switzerland). New York. Accessed 3-9-2009 at:  http://www.baaa-acro.com/Pays/Etats-Unis/New%20York.htm

 

Aviation Safety Network. Accident Description. Egypt Air Flight 990, 31 Oct 1999. Accessed 3/9/2009 at: http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19991031-0

 

BBC News. “World: Americas. Who was on board Flight 990.” 11-2-1999. Accessed 11-23-2015 at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/502503.stm

 

Egyptian Civil Aviation Authority.  Report of Investigation of Accident:  EgyptAir Flight 990, October 31, 1999. 3-20-2002, 223 pages. At: http://www.ntsb.gov/events/ea990/docket/ecaa_report.pdf

 

Find A Grave. “1999 – EgyptAir Flight 990 Crash.” Accessed 11-23-2015 at: http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=vcsr&GSsr=41&GSvcid=318461

 

Find A Grave. “Elinor Janice ‘Jan’ Fairlamb Duckworth.” Record added 10-9-2008. Accessed 11-23-2015 at: http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSsr=41&GSvcid=318461&GRid=30449696&

 

Find A Grave. “Gerald W Dunbar.” Record added 8-26-2012. Accessed 11-23-2015 at: http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GSsr=41&GSvcid=318461&GRid=95968410&

 

Langewiesche, William.  “The Crash of EgyptAir 990.” The Atlantic, November 2001. Accessed at:  http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200111/langewiesche

 

National Transportation Safety Board. Aircraft Accident Brief. EgyptAir Flight 990 Boeing 767-366ER, SU-GAP, 60 Miles South of Nantucket, Massachusetts, October 31, 1999. Washington, DC: NTSB, March 13, 2002, 160 pages. At: http://www.ntsb.gov/publictn/2002/AAB0201.pdf

Accessed 11-23-2015 at: http://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAB0201.pdf

 

National Transportation Safety Board. EgyptAir Flight 990 Boeing 767-366ER, SU-GAP (Accident Brief). Washington, DC: NTSB, adopted 3-13-2002. Accessed 11-23-2015 at: http://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Pages/AAB0201.aspx

 

SFGate (Marcus Gilmer). “EgyptAir 1999 crash,” 4-9-2015. Accessed 11-23-2015 at: http://www.sfgate.com/news/slideshow/EgyptAir-1999-crash-107119/photo-7786060.php

 

The Guardian, UK. “EgyptAir Passenger List.” 11-2-1999. Accessed 11-23-2015 at: http://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/nov/02/egyptaircrash.usa4

 

Wikipedia. “EgyptAir Flight 990.” Accessed 3-9-2009: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EgyptAir_Flight_990

 

 

Additional Reading

 

St. Petersburg Times, FL. “Passenger List for EgyptAir Flight 990.” 11-2-1999.

At: http://www.sptimes.com/News/110299/Worldandnation/Passenger_list_for_Eg.shtml

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[1] Cited is St. Petersburg Times (FL). “Passenger List for EgyptAir Flight 990,” November 2, 1999.

[2] Compiled primarily from BBC News, The Guardian (UK) and Find A Grave sources in “Sources” section.

[3] SFGate (Marcus Gilmer). “EgyptAir 1999 crash,” 4-9-2015.

[4] Find A Grave. “Elinor Janice ‘Jan’ Fairlamb Duckworth.” Record added 10-9-2008.

[5] Find A Grave. “Gerald W Dunbar.” Record added 8-26-2012.

1999 — Oct 15-16, Hurricane Irene, Cape Sable FL northeast through so. FL to Atlantic — 8

–8  National Weather Service, Miami-South Florida Weather Forecast Office. 1999 Irene.

–5  Electrocutions

–3  Vehicle-related drownings

–8  Williams and Duedall. Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms 1871-2001. 2002, p. 99.

 

Narrative Information

 

NWS: “After lingering as a broad area of low pressure in the western Caribbean Sea for four days, a tropical depression formed just after midnight EDT on October 13 and became tropical storm Irene in the northwest Caribbean later that morning. Irene moved north across western Cuba on October 14 and strengthened to hurricane intensity early on October 15 in the Straits of Florida. It then made its first landfall in south Florida in the lower Florida Keys around 9 am EDT October 15. After crossing Florida Bay, the center made landfall on the peninsula near Cape Sable around 4 pm EDT October 15 as a Category One intensity hurricane. It moved northeast across central Miami-Dade and Broward counties before exiting into the Atlantic just after midnight on October 16 near Jupiter in northeast Palm Beach County….

 

“There were no direct deaths from Irene, but eight persons died in the aftermath. Five were electrocuted by downed power lines, including three persons from one family. Three persons drowned in vehicle-related accidents….”

 

Sources

 

National Weather Service, Miami-South Florida Weather Forecast Office. 1999 Irene. Accessed 7-5-2018 at: https://www.weather.gov/mfl/1999_irene

 

Williams, John M. and Iver W. Duedall. Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms 1871-2001 (Expanded Edition).  Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2002.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

«‹ 61 62 63 64›»