21st Century

Compiled by Wayne Blanchard; last edit 3-3-2024 for upload to: http://www.usdeadlyevents.com/

–626  Hurt, Alyson (NPR), citing National Center for Health Statistics, in Huang, 8-26-2023.

            (Cites CDC National Center for Health Statistics.)

–605  Blanchard tally based on State and locality breakouts below.

–569  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, Census Regions, X30 (excessive natural heat).

            –107  Northeast          –122  Midwest           –213  South    –127  West

–556  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, Census Regions, T67 (heat and light) code.

            –109  Northeast          –134  Midwest           –179  South    –134  West 

–540  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, HHS Regions, T67 (heat and light) code.

[*Our number – no total given. Regions which do not show mean fewer than 10 deaths.]

—  21  HHS Region #1   CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, VT [not shown if less than ten]

—  32  HHS Region #2   NJ, NY                               

—  89  HHS Region #3   DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, WV

            —  73  HHS Region #4   AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN

            —  99  HHS Region #5   IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, WI

            —  76  HHS Region #6   AR, LA, NM, OK, TX

            —  34  HHS Region #7   IA, KS, MO, NE

            —    ?  HHS Region #8   CO, MT, ND, SD, UT         [not shown if less than ten]

            –116  HHS Region #9   AZ, CA, HI, NV

—    ?  HHS Region #10 AK, IS, OR, WA                 [not shown if less than ten]

–500  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, Census Regions, T67 and X30 both.

            –105  Northeast          –120  Midwest           –156  South    –119  West

–451  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67 (heat and light) code.

[*Our number – no total given. Numbers given for 17 States. Thus any deaths in 33 other States and DC are suppressed (do not show when fewer than 10 deaths.]

–350  CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, States, X30 (excessive natural heat).

–167  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2002 Heat Related Fatalities. Accessed 9-1-2011.

—  31  Null, Jan. U.S. “Child Vehicular Heatstroke Deaths” [Chart showing 1998-2015].[1]

—  17  OSHA. Heat-related deaths of workers. Accident Search Results, Heat, 2002.

*Blanchard note on sources: Ours, by necessity, is a compilation from several sources.

(1) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER database underlying and multiple cause of death searches for T67 and X30. These suffer, however, from the fact that the CDC does not show deaths if the loss of life is less than ten. These deaths, therefore are unknown to us unless found in another source.

(2) The National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Internet searches via the Storm Events Database can be queried. For “heat,” one has to do two searches – one for “excessive heat” and one for “heat.” Frequently the entries in one seem similar to ones in the other. The NCDC also publishes Storm Data, a monthly, electronically accessible.

(3) The National Weather Service, another NOAA entity, publishes tables on heat fatalities. Their figures differ from NCDC figures. None of the NOAA sources is comprehensive for two subsets – children in vehicles and workers, though one can find references to each. Both generally show fewer deaths than CDC Wonder in that primarily what is noted are “direct” deaths attributable to high natural heat (Underlying Cause of Death in CDC parlance). This is the case even for CDC Wonder searches for excessive heat as an underlying cause of death.

(4) For coverage of children dying in cars due to excessive heat exposure we rely on Jan Null and KidsAndCars.org).

(5) OSHA provides more comprehensive coverage of worker heat-related fatalities

(6) Newspaper archives, particularly when looking for end-of-heat-season statements by State Offices of Chief Medical Examiners. Frequently their numbers differ markedly (upward) from CDC, NCDC or NWS figures.

(7) State, County or local Public Heath or Vital Statistic entities (again higher numbers generally noted than can be found in CDC Wonder). 

Note on ICDC Codes used in CDC Wonder Online Database above and below: We use the T67 and X30 codes described below. We use them independently in the “Census Region,” “HHS Region” and “State” locations in the search page. There are two “boxes” to search – ?Underlying Cause of Death” and “Multiple Causes of Death” – the higher numbers are to be found when using the Multiple Causes of Death option for “Census Region.”)

T67    Effects of heat and light

T67.0 (Heatstroke and sunstroke);

T67.1 (Heat syncope); heat syncope [fainting]; factors include dehydration and lack of acclimatization.

T67.2 (Heat cramp);

T67.3 (Heat exhaustion, anhydrotic);                        [Note: T67 codes are in the class of “multiple

T67.4 (Heat exhaustion due to salt depletion);           cause of death,” meaning, usually, that heat

T67.5 (Heat exhaustion, unspecified);                        contributed to or combined with another

T67.6 (Heat fatigue, transient);                                  cause of death – such as a heart condition.]

T67.7 (Heat oedema);

T67.8 (Other effects of heat and light);

T67.9 (Effect of heat and light, unspecified)

X30 Exposure to excessive natural heat; hyperthermia. [Underlying (or primary) cause of death.]

Note further that we show four CDC Wonder searches above, out of more than a dozen which could have been done. From the CDC Wonder homepage one can choose on the left side of the page from “Underlying Cause of Death,” “Multiple Cause of Death,” or “Compressed Cause of Death.” Within these three categories one can search for T67 (heat and light) and/or X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat), or both. These two codes in each category can be further broken out by “Census Region,” “Census Division,” “HHS Region,” “State,” or “County.” Thus, fifteen possible search possibilities result. Usually, the largest number of deaths out of all searches will be found for a Census Region and T67 search.

Summary of Heat-Related Fatalities by State

Alabama              6

Arizona           130      Blanchard tally from AZ DHS County breakouts and Maricopa County.

Arkansas           >5

California          44      CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

Connecticut         1

Florida               17      CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

Georgia             10      CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

Illinois               54      CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

Louisiana             6

Maryland           50

Michigan           12      CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

Minnesota           0

Missouri            28      CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

Nevada              30      CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

New Jersey        19      CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

New York         13      CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

North Carolina  12      CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

Ohio                  19      CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

Pennsylvania     56      CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

Rhode Island     10      CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

Tennessee          10      CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

Texas                 62      CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

Utah                    1

Virginia               2

Wisconsin            8

            Total   605

Breakout of Heat-Related Fatalities by State and Locality

Alabama         (   6)

— 6  AL DPH. “Health precautions urged during periods of prolonged heat.” 11-7-2006 mod.[2]

Arizona          (130)

–130  Blanchard tally based on County breakouts below.[3]

–119  AZ Dept. Health Services. Deaths from…Excessive Natural Heat…Arizona 1992-2009.[4]

—  42  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

—  31  CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat)

—    0  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2002 Heat Related Fatalities.

State or Country of Residence of Heat Fatalities. AZ Dept. Health Services. Table 1, 2014, p. 15.

—  34  Arizona residents.

—    5  Other U.S. States or Canada.

—  80  Mexico or other Central or South American country.

Gender of heat-related fatalities

—  84  Male

—  35  Female

Counties where heat-related deaths occurred. (AZ Dept. Health Services. Table 1, 2014, p. 16.)

—    1  Apache County

—    2  Cochise County

—  38  Maricopa County. Maricopa Co. Dept. of Public Health. Heat-Associated Deaths…[5]

–27  Maricopa County. (AZ Dept. Health Services. Table 1, 2014, p. 16.)[6]

            —  1  Tempe, July 30. Hyperthermia; worker, melting and pouring molten aluminum.[7]

–18  Maricopa County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67.

            –16  Maricopa County. CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, County, X30.[8]

—    2  Mohave County

—  75  Pima County

–14  Pima County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67.

–12  Pima County. CDC Wonder, Underlying Cause of Death, County, X30.[9]

—    3  Pinal County

—    1  Santa Cruz County

—    8  Yuma County

Month of death. (AZ Dept. Health Services. Table 1, 2014, p. 16.)

—    2  Feb

—    5  April

—    6  May

—  37  June

—  30  July

—  22  Aug

—  17  Sep

Arkansas        (>5) 

— >5  Arkansas Department of Health. “ADH Warns of Heat Related Illness,” Aug 2011, p. 2.[10]

—   2  Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.

—   1  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities. 

—   1  Jefferson County, Pine Bluff, July 30. Female, 83; temp. in her home measured at 101°.[11]

—   1  Springdale, Sep 4. Male trash collection worker.[12]

California       (44) 

–44  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

–36  California Department of Public Health. Cal. Environmental Health Tracking Program.[13]

–30  CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

–20  Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.

—  6  National Weather Service. NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities. 

Breakout of California Heat-Related Deaths by Locality:

—  1  Fresno County, Fresno, May 31. Hyperthermia; male construction worker; in direct sun.[14]

–11  Los Angeles County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67.

—  1  Madera Co., Chowchilla, July 12. Male worker picking tomatoes; temp. over 100° F.[15]

—  1  Orange County, Modjeska Canyon, Sep 1. Male hiker, 38; temperature reached 109° F.[16]

—  1  Riverside Co., Coachella Valley, July 15. Female, 77, in her condominium.[17]

—  1  Riverside Co., Thermal, Mendoza Palm Tree Nursery, July 19. Male farm laborer, hot day.[18]

—  1  San Bernardino Co., July 23. Heatstroke; girl, 3, left inside a van, outdoor temps ~102°.[19]

—  1  San Diego County, near I-8 off ramp to Jacumba, approximately July 16. Male, 21, outside.[20]

—  2  San Joaquin Valley, July 9-15. Males, 60 and 65, both outdoors.[21]

Connecticut    (  1)  NWS, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities. 

— 1  Greenwich, July 2-4. Male, 92, in apartment without air conditioning.[22]

Florida            (17)

–17  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

–14  CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

—  3  Blanchard tally of OSHA noted heat-related worker fatalities.

—  0  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities. 

—  1  Boca Raton, July 22. Heat stroke and fall from residential roof; male roofing worker.[23]

—  1  Ponce Inlet, May 4. Male pipefitter clearing debris from around townhouse building.[24]

—  1  Starke, June 3. Hyperthermia; male chicken collection worker.[25]

Georgia          (10)      CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

Illinois             (54) 

–54  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

–40  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities. 

–22  CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

–45  Cook County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67.

–40  Cook County. NOAA, NCDC, Storm Events Database.[26]

–17  Cook County. CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, County, X30.

Cook County Breakouts:

—  1  Cook County, June 1. Heatstroke; male, 2, permanent home.[27]

—  7  Cook County, June 21-25. Males, 31, 32, 40, 47, 52, 73; female, 65; all at their homes.[28]

–12  Cook County, Chicago, July 1-4. NCDC.  Event Record…Excessive Heat, IL, Chicago.

            Male, 90, permanent home.    Male, 59, permanent home.    Female, 53, permanent home.

            Male, 69, permanent home.    Female, 46, outdoors.             Female, 82, permanent home.

            Male, 50, permanent home.    Male, 73, permanent home.    Female, 58, permanent home.

            Female, 71, permanent home.            Male, 59, other.           Female, 60, permanent home.

—   4  Cook County, July 7-8. Female, 85, home; males 45, 55, homes; male 28, outdoors.[29]

— 11  Cook County, July 15-22. NCDC. Event Record Details, Excessive Heat, Illinois.

            Female, 39, permanent home.   Male, 57, permanent home.  Male, 37, permanent home.

            Female, 66, permanent home.   Male, 58, permanent home.  Male, 49, permanent home.

Female, 71, permanent home.   Male, 60, permanent home.  Male, 55, permanent home.

Female, 78, permanent home.   Female, 40, permanent home.

—   2  Cook County, July 26-27. Males, 50 and 62, permanent homes.[30]

—   1  Cook County, Aug 3-4. Male, 53, at home; high temps near 90 and lows in lower 70s.[31]

—   2  Cook County, Chicago, Aug 10-12. Males 2 and 72, permanent homes; high temps in 90s.[32]

Louisiana       (  6) 

— 6  Louisiana DHH. Heat Stress: Hospital Admissions…and Deaths in Louisiana. 2012, p. 9.[33]

— 2  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities. 

— 1  Bossier City, July 8. Heat stroke, Male construction worker doing cleanup work.[34] Also NCDC.

— 1  De Sota County, Logansport, Aug 1. Male (Jean David), 76, found dead in his apartment.[35]

Maryland       (50) 

–50  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities. 

–26  CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

— 16  Baltimore. CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, County, X30.[36]

–13  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

–34  Baltimore City and County. Blanchard tally from breakouts below.

Breakout of Maryland Heat-Related Deaths by Locality:

— 2  Baltimore City, June 27 (discovered). Males, 52 and 82, in homes.[37]

— 1  Baltimore City, June 30 (discovered). Female, 67, in her home.[38]

— 1  Baltimore City, July 3. Heatstroke, male, 85, permanent home.[39]

— 3  Baltimore City, July 4. Males, 65 and 72, and female, 90, “succumbed to heat.”[40]

— 5  Baltimore City, July 5. Males 52, 56, 86; females, 53 and 56; in their homes.[41]

— 2  Baltimore City, July 6. Male, 80, and female, 82, in permanent homes.[42]

— 1  Baltimore City, July 7. Male, unknown age, found dead in his home.[43]

— 1  Baltimore City, July 8. Male, 88, found dead in his home.[44]

— 2  Baltimore City, July 9. Female, 83, and male, 53, “died from exposure to heat.”[45]

— 1  Baltimore City, July 20 (found). Male, 60, found dead in a junkyard.[46]

— 1  Baltimore City, July 30. Male, 71, in his home.[47]

— 1  Baltimore City, July 31 (found). Female, 81, in her home.[48]

— 2  Baltimore City, Aug 5 (found). Males 56 and 74 “found dead in their home.”[49]

— 1  Baltimore City, Aug 6. Male, 88, “found dead in his home.”[50]

— 1  Baltimore City, Aug 7. Male, 36, “being held in jail…found dead in his cell from heat…causes.”[51]

— 1  Baltimore City, Aug 17. Males, 51 and 62 found dead from heat in their homes.[52]

— 1  Baltimore City, Aug 20. Male, 38, location listed as “Other.”[53]

— 1  Baltimore City, Aug 22. Male, 72, in his home.[54]

— 1  Baltimore City, Aug 27. Male, 74, found dead in his home.[55]

— 1  Baltimore County, June 27. Excessive heat exposure; male, 37.[56]

— 1  Baltimore County, July 4. Male, 78, in his home.[57]

— 1  Baltimore County, July 10. Male, 48, “found dead at a construction site.”[58]

— 1  Baltimore County, July 22. Male, 47.[59]

— 1  Baltimore County, Aug 1-5. Female, 30, “found dead in hr home.”[60]

— 1  Carroll County, Westminister, June 29. Male, 69, overcome while walking.[61]

— 1  Dorchester County, July 20. Male, 47, at home “where the temperature was 100 degrees.”[62]

— 1  Frederick, July 3. Hyperthermia; recruit male firefighter undergoing physical training.[63]

— 1  Harford, Aberdeen, July 5 (found). Female, 69, home without air conditioning.[64]

— 1  Montgomery Co., Aspen Hill, June 25. Female, 33, with multiple sclerosis, at home, no AC.[65]

— 1  Montgomery County, July 4. Male, 55, location noted as “Other”.[66]

— 1  Montgomery County, July 8. Male, 74, in permanent home.[67]

— 1  Montgomery County, July 25. Male, 47, location noted as “Other.”[68]

— 1  Prince Georges County, July 30 (found). Heatstroke; male, 31, at his residence.[69]

— 1  Prince Georges County, Aug 5. Female, 51, in her home.[70]

— 1  Prince Georges County, Aug 7. Male, 46, “from a combination of drug use and the heat.”[71]

— 1  Prince Georges County, Aug 19. Female, 66, location noted as “Other.”[72]

— 1  Prince Georges County, Aug 22. Male, 43, found dead in his home.[73]

— 1  Talbot County, July 1-4. Excessive heat; male, 80, other.[74]

— 1  Talbot County, Eastern Shore, July 28-30. Male, 48, “Succumbed from the heat.”[75]

Michigan        (12) 

–12  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

—  2  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities. 

—  1  Location not noted, May 30. Heatstroke, male, 30, at the end of landscaping work day.[76]

—  2  Oakland County, Southfield, June 28. Male 3 and sister, 10-months, left in car, 90s temps.[77]

Minnesota      (  0)

— 0  Minnesota Department of Health. Heat-related Deaths: Facts & Figures. 2015.[78]

Missouri         (28) 

–28  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

–27  NWS CRH, Kansas City, MO. Summer Weather Safety. “[MO] Heat Related Deaths.”[79]

–18  CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

–17  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities. 

            –1  Boone Co., Aug 1-6. Heat exhaustion; male, 59, in yard while doing yard work, hot day.[80]

            –5  Jackson Co., July 6-9. Females 52, 85, homes; males 52, 52, outside; male 55, home.[81]

–2  St. Louis, May 31. Females, 45 and 49, in homes without AC, windows closed.[82]

–1  St. Louis, June 25. Female, 79, at home with air conditioner and fan, but not used.[83]

–1  St. Louis, July 17. Male, 45, at home, “heat related causes” according to coroner.[84]

–1  St. Louis, Aug 26. Male, 82, at home (citing State Health Department).[85]

–1  St. Louis County, June 29. Female, 73; coroner lists heat as contributing cause.[86]

–1  St. Louis Co., Robertson, June 29. Female, 73, home, no AC or fans; dog also dead.[87]

–1  St. Louis County, Velda Village, July 1. Hyperthermia; female, 73, AC did not work.[88]

–1  St. Louis Co., Maryland Heights. July 2. Male, 85, no AC/fans home, windows shut.[89]

–1  Vernon County, Nevada, July 25. Heatstroke; male, 15, riding his bike in afternoon.[90]

–1  Washington County, July 8-9. Female, 69, permanent home.[91]

Nevada           (30)

–30  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

–28  Clark County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67.

—  1  May; Heatstroke and dehydration; female, 15, during wilderness therapy program.[92]

New Jersey     (19) 

–19  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

–18  NJ DHSS. “DHSS Cautions New Jerseyans to Protect…From Summer Heat.” 6-8-2005.

–13  CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

—  2  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities. 

—  1  Burlington County, Florence, Aug 1-5. Female, 77, permanent home.[93]

—  1  Burlington Co., Mansfield Township, Aug 17. Male, 77, found dead; 104° bedroom temp.[94]

—  1  Jackson, April 22. Heat stress; masonry/stone setting and other stone work employee.[95]

New York       (13)

–13  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

–10  CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

North Carolina (12)

–12  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

—  0  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities. 

—  1  Holly Ridge, June 28. Heat stroke; first day worker, un-acclimated male, 32, laying pipes.[96]

—  1  Wallace, July 31. Apparent heat stroke. Male farm laborer cutting tobacco.[97]

Ohio                (19)

–19  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

–12  CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

—  0  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities. 

—  1  Aurora, June 26. Heatstroke; male amusement park worker doing outdoors cleanup work.[98]

—  1  Cambridge, June 30-July 4. Construction worker (citing “authorities.”)[99]

Pennsylvania  (56) 

–56  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

–43  Blanchard tally based on locality breakouts below.

–42  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities.

–17  CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

–40  Philadelphia. Philly.com. “Region’s Heat-Related Death Toll Reaches 25….” 7-28-2011.

–37  Philadelphia County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67.

–34  Philadelphia. NCDC. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

Breakout of Pennsylvania Heat-Related Deaths by Locality:

—  1  Berks Co., Fleetwood, June 15. Heat-related illness; male employee, mushroom house.[100]

—  1  Bucks Co., Langhorne, June 24-27. Heatstroke; female, 9, with cerebral palsy/asthma.[101]

—  3  Chester County, Aug 1-5. Female, 61; males, 64 and 91; all at their homes.[102]

—  1  Montgomery County, July 28-30. Male contractor, 54; at house he was working on.[103]

—  1  Montgomery County, Lansdale, July 28-30. Female, 79; home with no AC or fans.[104]

—  2  Montgomery County, Aug 1-5. Males, 30 and 78, permanent homes.[105]

—  1  Montgomery County, East Norriton, Aug 1-5. Female, 91, found dead outside her home.[106]

—  3  Philadelphia, June 24-27. Females, 75, 76 and 86 in homes with no AC; windows closed.[107]

—  8  Philadelphia, July 1-4. Males, 40, 45, 75, 78, 80, 81, 82, at homes; male, 44, outside.[108]

—  7  Philadelphia, July 1-4. Females, 64, 71, 75, 77, 80, 86, permanent homes.[109]

—  1  Philadelphia, July 8-9. Male, 78, permanent  home; temps. in 90s to near 100.[110]

—  2  Philadelphia, July 15-19. Hyperthermia; males, 57 and 73, in permanent homes.[111]

—  1  Philadelphia, July 28-30. Female, 87, permanent home.[112]

—  3  Philadelphia, Aug 1-5. Female, 74, outdoors; female, 49, at home; male, 47, at home.[113]

—  8  Philadelphia, Aug 11-20. Female, 1, vehicle; males, 53, 61, 62, 77; females 49, 72, 95, homes.[114]

Rhode Island (10)      CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

Tennessee       (10)      CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

Texas              (62) 

–62  CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, States, T67.

–39  CDC Wonder. Underlying Cause of Death, State, X30 (exposure to excessive natural heat).

—  1  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities. 

–10  El Paso County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67.

–14  Harris County. CDC Wonder. Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67.

—  4  Houston. City of Houston. “Heat Related Illness,” 8-16-2002.[115]

                        –1  Aug 25. Andrea Williams, 6-months; forgotten in vehicle.[116]

                        –1  Oct 15. Boy, Lagerland Trevor Weron, 6-months; forgotten in vehicle.[117]

—  1  Smith County, July 11. Heatstroke, male, 35, while working on his vehicle outdoors.[118]

Utah                (  1)

–1  Millard Co. ~Marjum Canyon, July 13. Heatstroke, Ian August, 14; Skyline Journey group hike.[119]

Virginia          (  2)

— 0  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities. 

— 1  Port Royal, July 3. Heat stroke; farm laborer picking squash; died July 5 at hospital.[120]

— 1  Suffolk, July 31. Male construction worker installing second-story sub-floor, 90° F day.[121]

Wisconsin       (  8) 

— 8  WI Div. of EM. “Wisconsin Heat Awareness Day June 12, 2014” (Press Release). 6-4-2014.

— 2  National Weather Service, NOAA. 2001 Heat Related Fatalities. 

Breakout of Wisconsin Heat-Related Deaths by Locality:

–1  Milwaukee County, April 16. Male, 50, community-based residential home.[122]

–1  Milwaukee, June 20. Male, 38, permanent home.[123]

–1  Milwaukee, June 23. Male, 43; when found dead outside had body temp. of 111°.[124]

–1  Racine County, Racine, June 23. Female, 37, in apartment; body temp. reached 109°.[125]

General Narrative

NWS: “For the fifth year, heat ranked as the most deadly weather hazard, claiming 167 lives–one more than in 2001. The 10-year average for heat deaths is 235, compared to 86 for floods. In 2002, 78% of the fatalities occurred in permanent homes. Maryland (50), Pennsylvania (42), and Illinois (40) accounted for 79% of the fatalities. The elderly are more susceptible to heat stress and heat stroke. The 70- to 79-age group had the greatest number of fatalities with 35. Almost twice as many males as females died from the heat.” (National Weather Service, NOAA. 2002 Heat Related Fatalities. Accessed 9-1-2011.)

Illinois

“An extended period of hot weather began on July 15th and continued through July 22nd. High temperatures ranged mainly from the upper 80s to middle 90s. July 21st was the hottest day when high temperatures reached the middle to upper 90s. O’Hare Airport reported their highest temperature of the month, 96 degrees on July 21st. Heat Indices on July 21st reached the 110 to 115 degree range. One day of relief was felt on July 19th, when high temperatures only reached the lower to middle 80s. This prolonged period of heat and humidity resulted in several fatalities across Chicago and Cook county.” (NCDC. Event Record Details, Excessive Heat, 15-22 Jul 02.)

On Heat:

CDC. “Heat-Related Deaths – [U.S.], 1999-2003,” MMWR, V55, N29, 7-28-2006, 796-798:

“Heat-related illnesses (e.g., heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat syncope, or heatstroke) can occur when high ambient temperatures overcome the body’s natural ability to dissipate heat. Older adults, young children, and persons with chronic medical conditions are particularly susceptible to these illnesses and are at high risk for heat-related mortality. Previous analyses of the risk factors associated with heat-related deaths have been based on the underlying cause entered on the death certificate. The analysis revealed that including these deaths increased the number of heat-related deaths by 54% and suggested that the number of heat-related deaths is underestimated.

“CDC uses information from death certificates categorized by codes from the International Classification of Diseases to estimate national mortality trends. These data, collected and submitted by states, were used to determine the number of deaths in the United States during 1999–2003 that had exposure to excessive natural heat^§ recorded as the underlying cause (code X30 from ICD, tenth revision [ICD-10]), hyperthermia recorded as a contributing factor (ICD-10 code T67) (6), or both….

“Editorial Note: In this analysis, the inclusion of hyperthermia as a contributing cause of death increased by 54% the total number of heat-related deaths during 1999–2003 that would have been counted through inclusion of a heat-related underlying cause alone. Because heat-related illnesses can exacerbate existing medical conditions and death from heat exposure can be preceded by various symptoms, heat-related deaths can be difficult to identify when illness onset or death is not witnessed by a clinician. In addition, the criteria used to determine heat-related causes of death vary among states. This can lead to underreporting heat-related deaths or to reporting heat as a factor contributing to death rather than the underlying cause.

“Continued exposure to excessive heat can lead to hyperthermia or death. Of the heat-related illnesses, heat exhaustion and heatstroke are the most serious. Heat exhaustion is characterized by muscle cramps, fatigue, headache, nausea or vomiting, and dizziness or fainting. The skin is often cool and moist, indicating that the body’s mechanism for cooling itself (i.e., sweating) is still functioning. The pulse rate is typically fast and weak, and breathing is rapid and shallow. If untreated, heat exhaustion can progress to heatstroke. Heatstroke is a serious, life-threatening condition characterized by a high body temperature (>103^ºF [>39.4^ºC]); red, hot, and dry skin (no sweating); rapid, strong pulse; throbbing headache; dizziness; nausea; confusion; and unconsciousness. Symptoms can progress to encephalopathy, liver and kidney failure, coagulopathy, and multiple organ system dysfunction. Prompt treatment of heat-related illnesses with aggressive fluid replacement and cooling of core body temperature is critical to reducing morbidity and mortality.

“Many heat-related deaths, regardless of whether they are associated with chronic medical conditions, are preventable. During periods of extreme heat, heat-related illnesses can be prevented by avoiding strenuous outdoor activities, drinking adequate amounts of fluid, avoiding alcohol consumption, wearing lightweight clothing, and using air-conditioning. Groups at high risk include young children, persons aged >65 years, persons who do strenuous activities outdoors, and persons with chronic (particularly cardiovascular) medical conditions.”

EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) on Heat-Related Deaths (11-21-2023):

“When people are exposed to extreme heat, they can suffer from potentially deadly illnesses, such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Hot temperatures can also contribute to deaths from heart attacks, strokes, and other forms of cardiovascular disease. Heat is the leading weather-related killer in the United States, even though most heat-related deaths are preventable through outreach and intervention (see EPA’s Excessive Heat Events Guidebook at: www.epa.gov/heat-islands/excessive-heat-events-guidebook).

Unusually hot summer temperatures have become more common across the contiguous 48 states in recent decades…extreme heat events (heat waves) have become more frequent and intense… and these trends are expected to continue. As a result, the risk of heat-related deaths and illness is also expected to increase.^[126] The “urban heat island” effect accentuates the problem by causing even higher temperatures in densely developed urban areas. Reductions in cold-related deaths are projected to be smaller than increases in heat-related deaths in most regions. Death rates can also change, however, as people acclimate to higher temperatures and as communities strengthen their heat response plans and take other steps to continue to adapt.

“Certain population groups already face higher risks of heat-related death, and increases in summertime temperature variability will increase that risk. The population of adults aged 65 and older, which is expected to continue to grow, has a higher-than-average risk of heat-related death. Children are particularly vulnerable to heat-related illness and death, as their bodies are less able to adapt to heat than adults, and they must rely on others to help keep them safe. People with certain diseases, such as cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses, are especially vulnerable to excessive heat exposure, as are the economically disadvantaged. Data also suggest a higher risk among non-Hispanic Blacks.”

Trent, CA Dept. of Health Services on Heat-Related (HR) Illness: “HR illness is described according to three stages of increasing severity:

1. Heat cramps. Mild and easy to treat, this level involves fevers generally under 102 degrees Fahrenheit.
2. Heat exhaustion: Involves fevers over 102 degrees Fahrenheit, often with vomiting, diarrhea, and fatigue.
3. Heat stroke: A severe and life-threatening failure of body’s ability to cool (e.g., sweating ceases), with fevers over 104 degrees Fahrenheit. Heat stroke can result in organ and neurologic damage and lead quickly to death.” (p. 3)

“Exertional heat stroke tends to occur among younger (under 50 years old), healthier persons who develop heat stroke after strenuous activity and inadequate hydration. The result is dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Exposures may involve work or recreational activities outdoors.

“Classic heat stroke tends to occur among persons who are older (over 50 years old), frail, and with chronic diseases. They may take medications, have psychological or cognitive problems, and live alone. They are assumed to have a compromised thermoregulatory response due to their age, illnesses, and medications. They generally are not in an air conditioned space when discovered with heat stroke symptoms or deceased.” (p. 5)

(Trent, Roger B., Ph.D. (CA Dept. of Health Services). Review of July 2006 Heat Wave Related Fatalities in California. Sacramento, CA: Epidemiology and Prevention for Injury Control Branch, California Department of Health Services, May 2007.)

Associated Press (Anita Snow and Kendria Lafleur), Mishmash of how US heat deaths are counted complicates efforts to keep people safe as Earth warms.” 8-13-2023:

“….Even when it seems obvious that extreme heat was a factor, death certificates don’t always reflect the role it played. Experts say a mishmash of ways more than 3,000 counties calculate heat deaths means we don’t really know how many people die in the U.S. each year because of high temperatures in an ever warming world.

“That imprecision harms efforts to better protect people from extreme heat because officials who set policies and fund programs can’t get the financial and other support needed to make a difference….Currently, about the only consistency in counting heat deaths in the U.S. is that  officials and climate specialists acknowledge fatalities are grossly undercounted…

“ ‘It’s frustrating that for 90 years public health officials in the United States have not had a good picture of heat-related mortality because we have such a bad data system,’ said Dr. David Jones, a Harvard Medical School professor who also teaches in the epidemiology department at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

“There is no uniformity among who does the counting across U.S. jurisdictions. Death investigations in some places might be carried out by a medical examiner, typically a physician trained in forensic pathology. In other locales, the coroner could be an elected sheriff, such as the one in Orange County, California. In some small counties in Texas, a justice of peace might determine cause of death. Utah and Massachusetts are among states that do not track heat-related deaths where exposure to extreme heat was a secondary factor.

“The CDC, which is often several years behind in reporting, draws information on heat deaths from death certificate information included in local, state, tribal and territorial databases. The CDC said in a statement that coroners and others who fill out death certificates ‘are encouraged to report all causes of death,’ but they may not always associate those contributing causes to an extreme heat exposure death and include the diagnostic codes for heat illnesses.

“Hess, the Arizona coroner [Pima County medical examiner], said determining environmental heat was a factor in someone’s death is difficult and can take weeks or even months of investigation including toxicological tests. ‘If someone was shot in the head, it’s pretty obvious what happened there,’ Hess said. ‘But when you find a body in a hot apartment 48 hours after they died, there is a lot of ambiguity.’ Hess noted that Pima County this year began including heat-related deaths in its tally of environmental heat fatalities….”

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Arkansas Department of Health. “ADH Warns of Heat Related Illness.” Southeast Region Hometown Health Improvement Newsletter, August 2011. Accessed 11-8-2015 at: http://www.healthy.arkansas.gov/programsServices/minorityhealth/Documents/Reports/Combined3rd2011Quarter.pdf

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Associated Press (Anita Snow and Kendria Lafleur). “Mishmash of how US heat deaths are counted complicates efforts to keep people safe as Earth warms.” 8-13-2023. Accessed 2-14-2024 at: https://apnews.com/article/counting-extreme-heat-deaths-7125ad9a5289625bd9ca312945996399

California Department of Public Health. California Environmental Health Tracking Program (website). “Climate Change Data: Heat-Related Deaths Summary Tables.” State of California, 2013. Accessed 11-1-2015 at: http://www.ehib.org/page.jsp?page_key=926#HRD_table5

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Mortality 1999-2020 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2021. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2020, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html 3-3-2024 (Multiple cause of death, Census Regions, T67.)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Mortality 1999-2020 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2021. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2020, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html 3-3-2024  (multiple cause of death, Census Regions, X30)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Mortality 1999-2020 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2021. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2020, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions. Accessed 3-3-2024 at http://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html (Multiple Cause of Death, Census Regions, T67, X30)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Mortality 1999-2020 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2021. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2020, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed 3-3-2024 at http://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html (Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. National Vital Statistics System, Mortality 1999-2020 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2021. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2020, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed 3-3-2024 at http://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html (Multiple Cause of Death, HHS Regions, T67)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Underlying Cause of Death 1999-2014 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released 2015 (ICD-10/X30, exposure to excessive natural heat, search). Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2014, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/ucd-icd10.html on Aug 29, 2016 9:55:57 PM (Underlying Cause of Death, States, X30 code)

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National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Arkansas, Jefferson County, July 30, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5311596

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, C Riverside, July 15, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5303532

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, C San Diego, July 16-25, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5303616

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, E Central S.J. Valley, July 9-15, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5311384

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, NE Orange, Sep 1, 2002. Accessed 11-1-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5316467

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, X SW San Bernardino, July 23, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5303533

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Connecticut, Southern Fairfield [Greenwich], July 2-4, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5310656

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, June 1, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5323423

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, June 21-25, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5298923

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, July 7-8, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5303354

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, July 26-28, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5303356

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, Aug 3-4, 2002. Accessed 11-1-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5311190

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, Aug 10-12, 2002. Accessed 11-1-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5311191

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Louisiana, De Soto County, Aug 1, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5311775

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Dorchester County, July 20, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5309762

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Harford County, July 204, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5308357

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Montgomery County, July 2-4, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5308352

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Montgomery County, July 22-23, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5308464

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Prince Georges, July 28-29, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5308482

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Prince Georges, Aug 1-5. 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5313961

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Prince Georges, Aug 12-19, 2002. Accessed 11-1-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5314473

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore, June 25-26, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5302407

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore, July 2-4, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5308354

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore, Aug 1-5, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5313966

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore, Aug 12-19, 2002. Accessed 11-1-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5314469

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore/Baltimore (C), Aug 22, 2002. Accessed 11-1-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5314539

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Talbot County, July 1-4, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5308320

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Talbot County, July 28-30, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5308766

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Michigan, Oakland, June 28, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5302689

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Boone County, Aug 1-6, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5314030

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis City, May 31, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5292092

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis City, June 25, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5298314

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis City, July 17, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5304546

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis City, Aug 26, 2002. Accessed 11-1-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5314138

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis County, June 29, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5304572

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis County, June 29, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5304536

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis County, July 1, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5304649

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis County, July 2, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5304650

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Vernon County, July 25, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5306776

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Washington County, July 8-9, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5303207

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, New Jersey, Northwestern Burlington County, Aug 1-5, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5317416

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, New Jersey, Northwestern Burlington County, Aug 11-20, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5318282

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Bucks County, June 24-27, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5300715

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Chester County, Aug 1-5, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5318172

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Montgomery County, Aug 1-5, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5317406

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, June 24-27, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5300719

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, July 1-4, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5308426

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, July 8-9, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5308418

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, July 15-19, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5308644

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, July 28-30, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5308778

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Aug 1-5, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5317408

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Aug 11-20, 2002. Accessed 11-1-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5318274

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Smith County, July 11, 2002. Accessed 10-31-2015 at: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5304873

National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, Milwaukee County, April 15-18, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5296460

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National Climatic Data Center, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, Milwaukee County, June 22-25, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2015: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5303086

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Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 125728592 – Happy Boy Farms.” Washington, DC: OSHA, Accident Search Results, Heat, 2002. Accessed 10-29-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=125728592

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 125891994 – Mendoza Palm Tree Nursery.” Washington, DC: OSHA, Accident Search Results, Heat, 2002. Accessed 10-29-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=125891994

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 18008441 – Hills Quality Plumbing, Inc.” Washington, DC: OSHA, Accident Search Results, Heat, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=18008441

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection 300803921 – Charles D. Emanuel Co.” Washington, DC: OSHA, Accident Search Results, Heat, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=300803921

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 303396519 – P & S Masonry Inc.” Washington, DC: OSHA, Accident Search Results, Heat, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=303396519

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 303897862 – E. A. Parker & Sons, Inc.” Washington, DC: OSHA, Accident Search Results, Heat, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=303897862

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 303989156 – Tyson Foods, Inc.” Washington, DC: OSHA, Accident Search Results, Heat, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=303989156

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 304477888 – Landmark Commercial Constructors LLC.” Washington, DC: OSHA, Accident Search Results, Heat, 2002. Accessed 10-29-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=304477888

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 305125023 – Frederick County Department of Fire and Emergency Services.” Washington, DC: OSHA, Accident Search Results, Heat, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=305125023

Occupational Safety & Health Administration “Inspection: 305264723 – Mark Patton.” Accident Search Results, Heat, 2002. Accessed 10-29-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=305264723

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 305325326 – Six Flags.” Accident Search Results, Heat, 2002. Accessed 10-30-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=305325326

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 305413809 – Skipper’s Well Drilling & Pump Service, Inc.” Washington, DC: OSHA, Accident Search Results, Heat, 2002. Accessed 10-29-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=305413809

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 305497307 – A Good Reroofing Services, Inc.” Washington, DC: OSHA, Accident Search Results, Heat, 2002. Accessed 10-29-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=305497307

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 305731408 – Willie Johnson.” Washington, DC: OSHA, Accident Search Results, Heat, 2002. Accessed 10-29-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=305731408

Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 305884694 – IMC Magnetics Corp.” Washington, DC: OSHA, Accident Search Results, Heat, 2002. Accessed 10-29-2015 at: https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/establishment.inspection_detail?id=305884694

State of Wisconsin Department of Military Affairs, Division of Emergency Management. “Wisconsin Heat Awareness Day June 12, 2014” (Press Release). 6-4-2014. Accessed 9-2-2015 at: http://readywisconsin.wi.gov/heat/docs/HeatAwarenessDay2014Release.pdf

TheEagle.com (Jordan Overturf), Bryan TX. “Family using tragedy to raise awareness about child heatstroke deaths.” 7-5-2015. Accessed 11-19-2015 at: http://www.theeagle.com/news/local/family-using-tragedy-to-raise-awareness-about-child-heatstroke-deaths/article_de53415d-9d0a-5eef-b83c-5045d3034948.html

Trent, Roger B., Ph.D. (CA Dept. of Health Services). Review of July 2006 Heat Wave Related Fatalities in California. Sacramento, CA: Epidemiology and Prevention for Injury Control Branch, California Department of Health Services, May 2007. Accessed 8-31-2015 at: https://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/injviosaf/Documents/HeatPlanAssessment-EPIC.pdf

U.S. Government Accountability Office. Residential Treatment Programs: Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death in Certain Programs for Troubled Youth. Washington, DC: GAO, 10-10-2007. Accessed 11-22-2015 at: http://www.gao.gov/assets/120/118042.html

[1] The same number is reported by KidsAndCars.org, National Statistics, Child Nontraffic Fatalities by type & year. The NWS, NCDC, and other sources, note four young child deaths in vehicles. Thus there were 27 such deaths which our data does not include.

[2] Credits the Health Department’s Center for Health Statistics.

[3] AZ Dept. of Health Services is used for all counties except Maricopa, where we use Maricopa County data.

[4] Notes “Data on the number and characteristics of deaths from heat due to weather conditions were obtained from the mortality database containing information from the death certificates filed with the Arizona Department of Health Services.” (p. 1) Also” In addition to death certificates where exposure to excessive natural heat was indicated as the underlying cause of death, heatstroke or sunstroke may be reported on death certificates as contributing factors that had a bearing on the death…” (p. 1)

[5] Notes that “heat-associated” deaths were defined as (1) “Heat-caused (HC) deaths are those in which environmental heat was directly involved in the sequence of conditions causing death…Heat-related (HR) deaths are those in which environmental heat contributed to the deaths but was not in the sequence of conditions causing these deaths…” Notes that “homeless” deaths are included.

[6] Highlighted in yellow t indicate that we are not using in our tally – using, instead, Maricopa County figures.

[7] Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 305884694 – IMC Magnetics Corp.” Notes that “ambient temperature was over 100 degrees F between 12:30 p.m. and 3:30 p.m., when the two men were working…They were both wearing aluminized Kevlar reflective jackets, hoods, trousers, and footwear (leggings and booties) to protect against molten metal splatter and the high radiant heat.” [Second worker was unharmed.]

[8] Not using in total – using instead Maricopa County Department of Public Health figure.

[9] Not using in total – using instead Arizona Department of  Health Services figure.

[10] “There have been between five and twenty-three deaths attributed to heat in Arkansas in every year since 2001.”

[11] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Arkansas, Jefferson County, July 30, 2002.

[12] OSHA. “Accident: 200261816 – Employee Suffers from Heat Exhaustion, Later dies.”

[13] Table 5: “Heat-related deaths, 2000-2011 (Crude rates).”

[14] Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection 300803921 – Charles D. Emanuel Co.”

[15] Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 125728592 – Happy Boy Farms.” Notes that the County Coroner’s certificate of death indicated hyperthermia as cause of death.

[16] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, NE Orange, Sep 1, 2002.

[17] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, C Riverside, July 15, 2002.

[18] Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 125891994 – Mendoza Palm Tree Nursery.” Notes that “he was admitted to the critical care unit with a body core temperature of 108 degrees…died as a result of hyperthermia at approximately 2:45 p.m. on the following day.”

[19] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, X SW San Bernardino, July 23, 2002.

[20] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, C San Diego, July 16-25, 2002.

[21] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, California, E Central S.J. Valley, July 9-15, 2002.

[22] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Connecticut, Southern Fairfield [Greenwich], July 2-4, 2002.

[23] Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 305497307 – A Good Reroofing Services, Inc.”

[24] Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 18008441 – Hills Quality Plumbing, Inc.” Notes that “the medical examiner listed the cause of death as complications of hyperthermia.” Also notes that according to NWS, temperatures were in lower 90s with a heat index of 97°F.

[25] Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 303989156 – Tyson Foods, Inc.”

[26] Not using in tally – using, instead, CDC Wonder, Multiple Cause of Death, County, T67 code (heat and light).

[27] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, June 1, 2002.

[28] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, June 21-25, 2002.

[29] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, July 7-8, 2002.

[30] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, July 26-28, 2002.

[31] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, Aug 3-4, 2002.

[32] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Illinois, Cook County, Aug 10-12, 2002.

[33] From Table: “Heat Stress: Deaths, Louisiana, 1999-2010.” Following pages break fatalities out by 9 LA Regions.

[34] Occupational Safety & Health Admin. “Inspection: 304477888 – Landmark Commercial Constructors LLC.” Notes “The temperature that day was in the upper 90’s. It was determined that the employee died from heat stroke.”

[35] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Louisiana, De Soto County, Aug 1, 2002.

[36] Not using in total – using, instead, National Weather Service data.

[37] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore, June 25-26, 2002.

[38] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore, June 25-26, 2002.

[39] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore, July 2-4, 2002.

[40] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore, July 2-4, 2002.

[41] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore, July 2-4, 2002.

[42] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore, July 2-4, 2002.

[43] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore, July 2-4, 2002.

[44] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore, July 2-4, 2002.

[45] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore, July 2-4, 2002.

[46] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Montgomery County, July 22-23, 2002.

[47] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Prince Georges, July 28-29, 2002.

[48] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Prince Georges, July 28-29, 2002.

[49] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore, Aug 1-5, 2002.

[50] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore, Aug 1-5, 2002.

[51] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore, Aug 1-5, 2002.

[52] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore, Aug 12-19, 2002.

[53] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore, Aug 12-19, 2002.

[54] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore/Baltimore (C), Aug 22, 2002.

[55] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore/Baltimore (C), Aug 22, 2002.

[56] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore, June 25-26, 2002.

[57] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore, July 2-4, 2002.

[58] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore, July 2-4, 2002.

[59] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Montgomery County, July 22-23, 2002.

[60] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore, Aug 1-5, 2002.

[61] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore, June 25-26, 2002.

[62] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Dorchester County, July 20, 2002.

[63] Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 305125023 – Frederick County Department of Fire and Emergency Services.” “The recorded temperature was 84 degrees with a heat index of 96 degrees at 8:02 am.”

[64] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Harford County, July 204, 2002.

[65] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore, June 25-26, 2002.

[66] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Montgomery County, July 2-4, 2002.

[67] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Montgomery County, July 2-4, 2002.

[68] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Montgomery County, July 22-23, 2002.

[69] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Prince Georges, July 28-29, 2002.

[70] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Prince Georges, Aug 1-5. 2002.

[71] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Prince Georges, Aug 1-5. 2002.

[72] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Prince Georges, Aug 12-19, 2002.

[73] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Southern Baltimore/Baltimore (C), Aug 22, 2002.

[74] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Talbot County, July 1-4, 2002.

[75] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Maryland, Talbot County, July 28-30, 2002.

[76] CDC. “Landscape Mowing Assistant Dies from Heat Stroke (Investigation: # 02-MI-75-01).” 10-15-2014.

[77] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Michigan, Oakland, June 28, 2002. This appears to be the case of the mother “who left her baby and toddler alone in a locked vehicle for over three hours on a hot summer day while she had a massage and her hair done in a nearby salon. Both children died of heat stroke and the mother later pled guilty on two counts of second-degree murder.” Michigan House Fiscal Agency. Bill “Leaving Children Unattended in Car: Prohibit & Penalize.” 7-8-2009 modification.

[78] There is no date, but the tables in the document are for 2000 to 2014 (May-September). We thus assume 2015.

[79] Cites as source: Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS).

[80] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Boone County, Aug 1-6, 2002.

[81] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Jackson County, July 6-9, 2002.

[82] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis City, May 31, 2002.

[83] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis City, June 25, 2002.

[84] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis City, July 17, 2002.

[85] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis City, Aug 26, 2002.

[86] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis County, June 29, 2002.

[87] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis County, June 29, 2002.

[88] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis County, July 1, 2002.

[89] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, St. Louis County, July 2, 2002.

[90] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Vernon County, July 25, 2002.

[91] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Missouri, Washington County, July 8-9, 2002.

[92] U.S. Government Accountability Office. Residential Treatment Programs: Concerns Regarding Abuse and Death in Certain Programs for Troubled Youth. 10-10-2007.

[93] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, New Jersey, Northwestern Burlington County, Aug 1-5, 2002.

[94] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, New Jersey, Northwestern Burlington County, Aug 11-20, 2002.

[95] Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 303396519 – P & S Masonry Inc.”

[96] Occupational Safety & Health Admin.. “Inspection: 305413809 – Skipper’s Well Drilling & Pump Service, Inc.” Notes victim had a core body temp. of 108°F, and died 12 days later (July 11) without regaining consciousness.

[97] Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 305731408 – Willie Johnson.”

[98] Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 305325326 – Six Flags.” Notes that after the victim “reported to his team leader that he felt like he was going to pass out she told him to go to the back area, which was across the park, take a break and drink water.” He Collapsed in the break area and was “taken to a hospital emergency room, where he was pronounced dead.” Is noted that “His core temperature was 107 degrees F.” Further noted that worker “was apparently overweight, had had coronary-bypass surgery, and was on seven prescription medications. As a part-time employee, he had been off work for four days prior to the day he died, raising the possibility that he was not acclimatized to the ambient heat. The break area for the employees had no air conditioning and was not supplied with fans. When employee…approached his team leader, she did not radio first aid, did not assign someone to monitor employee’s symptoms, and failed to tell him to call first aid from a park phone. Employees had been told to drink water in hot weather, but had not been trained on the signs and symptoms of heat-related illness or its potential seriousness.”

[99] Associated Press (Roger Peterson). “Heat wave burns country.” 7-4-2002.

[100] Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 112991419 – Giorgi Mushroom Company.”

[101] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Bucks County, June 24-27, 2002.

[102] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Chester County, Aug 1-5, 2002.

[103] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, July 28-30, 2002.

[104] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, July 28-30, 2002. Windows closed.

[105] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Montgomery County, Aug 1-5, 2002.

[106] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Montgomery County, Aug 1-5, 2002.

[107] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, June 24-27, 2002.

[108] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, July 1-4, 2002.

[109] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, July 1-4, 2002.

[110] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, July 8-9, 2002.

[111] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, July 15-19. 2002.

[112] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, July 28-30, 2002.

[113] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Aug 1-5, 2002.

[114] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Aug 11-20, 2002. Notes the death listed as 1-year-old was a 20-month-old toddler accidentally left in his car for eight hours.

[115] Writing in August 2002, it is noted “There have been only four (4) [heat exposure] deaths reported to our surveillance so far this summer.”

[116] TheEagle.com, Bryan TX. “Family using tragedy to raise awareness about child heatstroke deaths.” 7-5-2015.

[117] TheEagle.com, Bryan TX. “Family using tragedy to raise awareness about child heatstroke deaths.” 7-5-2015.

[118] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Texas, Smith County, July 11, 2002.

[119] Deseret News (Laura Hancock and Pat Reavy), UT. “Death of teen blamed on heat.” 7-15-2002.

[120] Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 303897862 – E. A. Parker & Sons, Inc.”

[121] Occupational Safety & Health Administration. “Inspection: 305264723 – Mark Patton.” Notes under “Accident Investigation Summary,” “Employee Dies From Apparent Hyperthermia.”

[122] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, Milwaukee County, April 15-18, 2002.

[123] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, Milwaukee County, June 20, 2002.

[124] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, Milwaukee County, June 22-25, 2002.

[125] NCDC, NOAA. Storm Events Database. Heat, Wisconsin, Milwaukee Co., June 22-25, 2002. (Has as indirect)

[126] Cites IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change). 2014.