21st Century

–5  Frank, W. L. and M. L. Holcomb. Housekeeping Solutions. Web version created 4-28-2009.

–5  U.S. CSB. Investigation Report: Combustible Dust Hazard Study. Nov 2006, p. 27.

 

Narrative Information

 

CSB: “On May 16, 2002, a rubber dust explosion at the Rouse Polymerics rubber recycling plant in Vicksburg, Mississippi, resulted in the deaths of five workers and injuries to seven others…The rubber recycling process included a west slurry operation, followed by gas-fired drying of fine rubber paste. OSHA concluded that hot rubber entrained in the exhaust from product dryers fell onto the building roof, igniting a fire that was pulled into a product bagging bin. Evidence indicates that a primary fire occurred inside the bagging bin, which was not equipped with explosion venting, and spread to a screw conveyer. Dust layers that had accumulated on surfaces were lofted and ignited in a secondary explosion.

 

“The OSHA investigation report indicated that design and procedures for operating the gas-fired dryers and dust collector were inadequate, as was housekeeping, and that plant personnel lacked awareness of the hazards of accumulated layers of combustible rubber dust. Investigators also linked ineffective management of change to the incident.” (U.S. CSB. Investigation Report: Combustible Dust Hazard Study. Nov 2006, pp. 27-28.)

 

Frank and Holcomb: “Rouse Polymerics International, Inc., Vicksburg, Mississippi, May 16, 2002. An explosion in this rubber recycling plant injured 11 workers (6 critically), 5 of whom later died from severe burns. The plant was reported to be ‘a total loss.’ The process recycled elastomeric materials, producing a very fine powdered rubber product. Investigators believed that sparks from an over exited an exhaust pipe, landed on the building rook, and started a fire. The fire is believed to have spread to an adjacent piece of equipment, where it caused an initial explosion that prompted a secondary explosion involving accumulations of dust in the building.” (Frank, Walter L. and Mark L. Holcomb. Housekeeping Solutions. Web version created 4-28-2009, pp. 1-2.)

 

Sources

 

Frank, Walter L. and Mark L. Holcomb. Housekeeping Solutions. Web version created 4-28-2009.

 

U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB). Investigation Report: Combustible Dust Hazard Study (Report No. 2006-H-1). Washington, DC: CSB, November 2006, 108 pages.

 

 

 

 

 

–10 AP. “U.S. ’Coper Crashes in Philippines; 10 Die.” Daily Sitka Sentinel, AK, 2-22-2002, 12.
–10 Aviation Safety Network. US Army Chinook crash at sea off Dumaguete, Philippines, 2-22-2002.

Narrative Information

Aviation Safety Network, Flight Safety Foundation, Database, 2002:
“Date: 22-Feb-2002
“Time: 02:30
“Type: Boeing MH-47E Chinook
“Owner/operator: United States Army Aviation
“Registration: 92-00471
“MSN: M3719
“Fatalities: Fatalities: 10 / Occupants: 10
….
“Location: off Dumaguete – Philippines
“Phase: en route
“Nature: Military
“Departure airport: Baslan Island
“Destination airport: Mactan Air Base
….
“Narrative: Crashed at sea during exercise.”

Newspaper

Feb 22, AP: “APO Island, Philippines (AP) – A U.S. Army helicopter participating in anti-terrorism exercises with Philippine troops crashed into the sea early Friday with 10 Americans aboard, a U.S. official said. Three bodies were recovered. The MH-47E Chinook helicopter appeared to be burning when it went down, witnesses said, but U.S. and Philippine officials say it was not hit by rebel fire. It was carrying eight crew and two passengers. ‘We have found no survivors from the mishap aircraft,’ said Brig. Gen. Donald Wurster, head of the U.S. contingent. ‘We, of course, hope they are alive and we are doing everything with our Philippine friends to find them. ‘These were friends of mine, so it’s a difficult part of our jobs.’

“The cause of the crash was unknown….

“Maj. Paul Fitzpatrick, an Army spokesman at Fort Campbell, Ky., said the eight-member crew was from the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment and that the other two men were Air Force para-rescue jumpers. The 160th, known as the ‘Night Stalkers,’ slips special forces commandos behind enemy lines abord Black Hawk and Chinook helicopters.

“Col. Alexander Aleo, commander of the Philippine military’s 103rd brigade headquarters on Basilan, said ‘everything looked normal’ as the choppers dropped off the last of 160 U.S. special forces and supplies that have been arriving over the last two weeks to help the Philippine military. Police said there was light rain and poor visibility at the time, but the chopper is equipped with advanced radar and other navigation gear….

“Some debris and an oil slick were spotted five nautical miles from tiny Apo island in the Bohol Sea in the southern Philippines. Coast Guard Lt. Armand Balilo said one of the helicopter’s rotors had been found.

“Officials said the turquoise water was believed to be more than 1,400 feet deep….” (Associated Press. “U.S. ’Coper Crashes in Philippines; 10 Die.” Daily Sitka Sentinel, AK, 2-22-2002, p. 12.)

Sources

Associated Press. “U.S. ’Coper Crashes in Philippines; 10 Die.” Daily Sitka Sentinel, AK, 2-22-2002, p. 12. Accessed 7-30-2023 at:
https://newspaperarchive.com/daily-sitka-sentinel-feb-22-2002-p-12/

Aviation Safety Network, Flight Safety Foundation, Database, 2002. US Army Chinook crash at sea during exercise off Dumaguete, Philippines, 2-22-2002. Accessed 7-30-3023 at: https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/73677

—  29  Blanchard tally from State breakouts below.

—  27  Altoona Mirror, PA. “Thousands still without power after storm.” 2-5-2002, p. C3.

—>22  AP. “Deadly winter storm pulls away…” Sunday Capital, Annapolis, MD, 2-3-2002, A3.

—>21  LA Times. “Storm leaves 21 dead…Midwest, Northeast.” New Mexican, 2-2-2002, D3.

—>20  Freed (AP). “Winter Storm leaves Plains for Northeast.” Daily News, FL, 2-2-2002, A8.

 

Breakout of Fatalities by State

 

Illinois             (4)

–4  Associated Press. “Deadly storm pulls out.” Shelby Star, NC, 2-3-2002, 6A.

–2  Suburban Chicago. Vehicular; “slick roads…blamed for crashes…” Female, 36, son, 12.[1]

–1  Suburban Chicago. Vehicular; “slick roads were blamed for crashes…” Male, 27.[2]

–1  Union County, southern IL. Drowning, floodwater; girl, 3.[3]

 

Iowa                (2)

— 1  Vehicular; female, 40.[4]

— 1  Vehicular; male, 58.[5]

 

Kansas            (2)

— 2  Dodge City vic., U.S. 50, Jan 30. Vehicular, car skids into tractor-trailer; females, 25, 54.[6]

 

Michigan        (4)

— 4  Freed (AP). “Winter Storm leaves Plains for Northeast.” Daily News, FL, 2-2-2002, A8.

 

Missouri         (3)

— 1  Vehicular; female, 24 “lost control of her pickup…and struck another vehicle.”[7]

— 1  Harrisonville, Jan 31. Carbon monoxide poisoning from home generator; male.[8]

— 1  Kansas City, body found Feb 1. Carbon monoxide poisoning, home generator, female, 66.[9]

 

Nebraska        (3)

— 3  Freed (AP). “Winter Storm leaves Plains for Northeast.” Daily News, FL, 2-2-2002, A8.

 

New York       (2)

— 2  Freed (AP). “Winter Storm leaves Plains for Northeast.” Daily News, FL, 2-2-2002, A8.

 

Oklahoma      (9)

–9  McManus, Gary. “The Mouse that Roared.” Oklahoma Climate, Winter 2007-2008, p. 6.

–7  State. McManus. January 28-30, 2002: Oklahoma Ice Storm. 3-11-2002, p. 9.

–4  Vehicular              –2 Asphyxiation         –1 Tree limb fall

–7  State. Oklahoman, Oklahoma City. “Oklahoma ice storms, 2000-2007.” 1-25-2009.

–4  Vehicular.

–2  Asphyxiation “while trying to get warm in enclosed spaces.” (Carbon monoxide?)

–1  Tree limb fall on man clearing debris from his property.

–4  Associated Press. “Deadly storm pulls out.” Shelby Star, NC, 2-3-2002, 6A.

–1  Vehicular; “car…slammed into a pickup truck…accident blamed on the weather,” male, 17.[10]

 

Sources

 

Altoona Mirror, PA. “Thousands still without power after storm.” 2-5-2002, p. C3. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=73067348&sterm

 

Associated Press. “Deadly storm pulls out.” Shelby Star, NC, 2-3-2002, 6A. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=184290111&sterm

 

Associated Press. “Deadly winter storm pulls away from Northeast.” Sunday Capital, Annapolis, MD, 2-3-2002, A3. At: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=29785584&sterm

 

Associated Press. “It it’s cold, it might as well snow.” Salina Journal, KS. 2-1-2002, A3. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=161687405&sterm

 

Associated Press. “Powerful storm leaves thousands powerless.” Bedford Gazette, PA, 2-1-2002, p. 1. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=136740873&sterm

 

Freed, Josh (Associated Press). “Bad Winter Storm Hits Plains, Midwest States.” Daily Sitka Sentinel, 1-31-2002, 2. At: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=91579264&sterm

 

Freed, Josh (Associated Press). “Winter Storm leaves Plains for Northeast.” Daily News, Fort Walton Beach, FL, 2-2-2002, A8. At: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=181997864&sterm

 

Los Angeles Times. “Storm leaves 21 dead across Midwest, Northeast.” New Mexican, Santa Fe. 2-2-2002, D3. At: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=118320980&sterm

 

McManus, Gary D. (Staff Climatologist). January 28-30, 2002: Oklahoma Ice Storm (Oklahoma Event Summary, publication ES 2002-01). Norman, OK: Oklahoma Climatological Survey, 3-11-2002. At: http://climate.ok.gov/summaries/event/Oklahoma_Ice_Storm_01_2002.pdf

 

McManus, Gary. “The Mouse that Roared.” Oklahoma Climate, Winter 2007-2008, pp. 3-7. Accessed at: http://climate.ok.gov/summaries/seasonal/Oklahoma_Climate_Winter_2007-08.pdf

 

Oklahoman, Oklahoma City. “Oklahoma ice storms, 2000-2007.” 1-25-2009. Accessed 3-27-2014 at: http://newsok.com/oklahoma-ice-storms-2000-2007/article/3340695

 

Salina Journal, KS. “Generators blamed for two KC deaths.” 2-3-2002, A3. Accessed at: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=161687445&sterm

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[1] Freed (AP). “Bad Winter Storm Hits Plains, Midwest States.” Sitka Sentinel, 1-31-2002, 2.

[2] Freed (AP). “Bad Winter Storm Hits Plains, Midwest States.” Sitka Sentinel, 1-31-2002, 2.

[3] “In southern Illinois, a 3-year-old girl was found dead after floodwaters swept her from her grandmother’s arms as the woman tried to cross a stream. ‘Apparently, she thought it was too deep to drive through, so she attempted to carry (the girl) across,’ said Union County Sheriff Jim Nash. He said the child was swept away when the woman fell.” (Freed (AP). “Winter Storm leaves Plains for Northeast.” Daily News, FL, 2-2-2002, A8.)

[4] Freed (AP). “Bad Winter Storm Hits Plains, Midwest States.” Sitka Sentinel, 1-31-2002, 2.

[5] Freed (AP). “Bad Winter Storm Hits Plains, Midwest States.” Sitka Sentinel, 1-31-2002, 2.

[6] “In western Kansas, the Kansas Highway Patrol reported that Rosa Perez, 54, and Rosaura Canal, 25, both of Garden City, were killed Wednesday night in a collision on U.S. 50 just west of Dodge City. The patrol said the car driven by Canal lost control on the ice and skidded into the path of a tractor trailer.” (Associated Press. “It it’s cold, it might as well snow.” Salina Journal, KS. 2-1-2002, A3.) Also: Freed (AP). Daily Sitka Sentinel, 1-31-2002, 2.

[7] Freed (AP). “Bad Winter Storm Hits Plains, Midwest States.” Sitka Sentinel, 1-31-2002, 2.

[8] Salina Journal, KS. “Generators blamed for two KC deaths.” 2-3-2002, A3.

[9] Salina Journal, KS. “Generators blamed for two KC deaths.” 2-3-2002, A3.

[10] Freed (AP). “Bad Winter Storm Hits Plains, Midwest States.” Sitka Sentinel, 1-31-2002, 2.

— 9  AP. “Probe unable to determine cause…crash…” Gazette, Cedar Rapids, IA, 3-14-2003, 7B.

— 9  Strickland and Gold. “17 Found Dead at Texas Truck Stop.” Los Angeles Times, 5-14-2003.

 

Narrative Information

 

Mar 14:  “Des Moines (AP) – An investigation failed to determine why the driver of a pickup lost control on Interstate 80 and crashed head-on into a semi-trailer truck, killing nine illegal immigrants, the Iowa State Patrol said Thursday. “That’s the best we can do. He did lose control, but we don’t know why,” said Sgt. Randy Bulver, whose office investigated the Jan. 2 accident near Menlo.

 

“Six men and three women riding in the pickup died when it crossed the median and slammed into the semi about 2:30 a.m. Federal immigration officials who assisted in the investigation said all nine people probably were in the country illegally. ‘From what we gathered and what we were able to ascertain, indications were all the people were illegal,’ said Alonzo Martinez, a district director for the Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement, which is now part of the Department of Homeland Security. ‘There were no survivors and we weren’t able to interview anyone involved.’ All nine victims were thrown from the truck. One of the bodies remained in the bed of the pickup, which was torn from the cab… The semi jackknifed and came to rest on the shoulder. Then, a Greyhound bus came through and struck the bed of the pickup, pushing it into the median. “The conclusion of it was the driver of vehicle 1 (the pickup) failed to have control,” Bulver said. It took officials five days to identify the victims:

 

Oscar Guzman Castillo, 29, and

Gabriel Perez Guzman, 22, cousins from Puebla, Mexico;

Jose Antonio Corona Balcazar, 24, and his wife,

Cristel Rodriguez-Garcia, 21, both of Mexico City;

Lucio Bautista-Tadeo, 21, and his wife,

Patricia Bircio Dorantes, 20, both of Acapulco;

Guillermo Paredes Villanueva, 21, of Acapulco;

Cristina Ramos Villanueva, 46, of Taxco, Mexico; and

Hector Alfonso Crisanto-Sanchez, 18, of Mexico.

 

“Authorities said they suspected it could have been a smuggling operation.” (AP. “Probe unable to determine cause of fatal crash on I-80.” The Gazette, Cedar Rapids, IA, 3-14-2003, 7B.)

 

Sources

 

Associated Press. “Probe unable to determine cause of fatal crash on I-80.” The Gazette, Cedar Rapids, IA, 3-14-2003, 7B. At: http://newspaperarchive.com/fullpagepdfviewer?img=154584017&sterm

 

Strickland, Daryl and Scott Gold. “17 Found Dead at Texas Truck Stop.” Los Angeles Times, 5-14-2003. Accessed at: http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/immigration/immigrants-dead.htm

 

–784  CDC Wonder. Compressed Mortality File, 1999-2016. ICD-10[1] code A16-A-19.

 

Alabama           13      0.290   (Yellow highlighting denotes above average death rate.)

Arizona             23      0.426

California       134      0.384

Florida              55      0.330

Georgia             25      0.294

Illinois              28      0.224

Indiana                          20      0.325

Louisiana          13      0.289

Maryland          14      0.257

Michigan          17      0.170

Missouri           13      0.229

New Jersey       27      0.316

New York         54      0.282

North Carolina  23      0.276

Ohio                  20      0.175

Oklahoma         15      0.430

Pennsylvania    27      0.219

South Carolina  17      0.414

Tennessee         22      0.380

Texas                76      0.350

Virginia            22      0.302

Washington      11      0.182

 

Blanchard note: States and DC not listed indicates that death toll was under ten. In that case, the number is not accessible via CDC Wonder. Puerto Rico is not included by CDC.

 

Narrative Information

 

Tuberculosis: “Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain. Not everyone infected with TB bacteria becomes sick. As a result, two TB-related conditions exist: latent TB infection (LTBI) and TB disease. If not treated properly, TB disease can be fatal.

 

“TB bacteria are spread through the air from one person to another. The TB bacteria are put into the air when a person with TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs, speaks, or sings. People nearby may breathe in these bacteria and become infected.

 

“TB is NOT spread by:

 

Shaking someone’s hand.

Sharing food or drink.

Touching bed lines or toilet seats.

Sharing toothbrushes

Kissing.

 

“When a person breathes in TB bacteria, the bacteria can settle in the lungs and begin to grow. From there, they can move through the blood to other parts of the body, such as the kidney, spine, and brain.

 

“TB disease in the lungs or throat can be infectious. This means that the bacteria can be spread to other people. TB in other parts of the body, such as the kidney or spine, is usually not infectious.

 

“People with TB disease are most likely to spread it to people they spend time with every day. This includes family members, friends, and coworkers or schoolmates.” (CDC. Tuberculosis (TB). 3-20-2016 update.)

 

Tuberculosis:  “Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease and was greatly feared well into the 20th century. Frequently called “consumption,” TB was often fatal. By 1943 it was the No. 3 cause of death in Tennessee. The “White Plague,” so named because of its strikingly pale victims, carried a social stigma similar to that of AIDS in recent years. …residents fought the location of a TB hospital in their neighborhood, claiming that property values would plummet.

 

“Tuberculosis is a contagious lung disease (though it can attack other parts of the body) spread through the air. It is highly controlled today with early detection and antibiotics. Around 1900, the average hospital stay for a TB patient was three years.

 

“…former President Andrew Jackson died of tuberculosis.”  (Tennessee State Library and Archives. Disasters in Tennessee. “Epidemic Scourges in Tennessee.” Nashville.)

 

Sources

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Compressed Mortality File 1999-2016. CDC Wonder Online Database, released June 2017. ICD-10 Codes A16-A19, Tuberculosis (2002). Accessed 10-29-2018 via: https://wonder.cdc.gov

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Tuberculosis (TB). 3-20-2016 update. Accessed 10-16-2018 at: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/basics/default.htm

 

Tennessee State Library and Archives. Disasters in Tennessee. “Epidemic Scourges in Tennessee.” Nashville. Accessed 10-18-2013 at: http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/exhibits/disasters/epidemics.htm

 

 

 

 

[1] ICD-10 is the 10^th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, a medical classification list by the World Health Organization.

–32  CDC Wonder. Compressed Mortality File 1999-2016. ICD-10 code B01 (Varicella).

 

Narrative Information

 

CDC: “Chickenpox is a very contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It causes a blister-like rash, itching, tiredness, and fever. The rash appears first on the stomach, back and face and can spread over the entire body causing between 250 and 500 itchy blisters. Chickenpox can be serious, especially in babies, adults, and people with weakened immune systems. The best way to prevent chickenpox is to get the chickenpox vaccine.” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Chickenpox (Varicella).” 7-1-2016 update.)

 

Sources

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Chickenpox (Varicella).” 7-1-2016 update. Accessed 11-26-2018 at: https://www.cdc.gov/chickenpox/about/index.html

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Wonder On-line Database. Compressed Mortality File 1999-2016. ICD-10 code B01. Varicella (Chickenpox), 2002. Published 2016. Accessed 12-18-2018 at: https://wonder.cdc.gov/

 

 

 

 

 

–78  CDC. Compressed Mortality, 1999-2016. CDC Wonder Online Database, June 2017.

–10 California                        Death rate of 0.029 per 100,000; US death rate, 0.027.

 

Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS) (Streptococcus pyogenes): “Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is a severe illness associated with invasive or noninvasive group A streptococcal (Streptococcus pyogenes) infection. STSS may occur with infection at any site but most often occurs in association with infection of a cutaneous lesion [skin injury]. Signs of toxicity and a rapidly progressive clinical course are characteristic, and the case fatality rate may exceed 50%.” (CDC. Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS) (Streptococcus pyogenes) 2020 Case Definition.)

 

Stevens on STSS: “Since the 1980s there has been a marked increase in the recognition and reporting of highly invasive group A streptococcal infections with or without necrotizing fasciitis[1] associated with shock and organ failure. Such dramatic cases have been defined as streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome. Strains of group A streptococci isolated from patients with invasive disease have been predominantly M types 1 and 3 that produce pyrogenic[2] exotoxin A or B or both….

 

“…many old pathogens have become major clinical problems because of increased virulence or antibiotic resistance (e.g., penicillin-resistant pneumococcus, multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium). Arguably, group A Streptococcus (GAS) is the quintessence of an old organism that has become more virulent….

 

“Recently, severe invasive GAS [Group A Streptococcal] infections associated with shock and organ failure have been reported with increasing frequency, predominantly from North America and Europe…These infections have been termed streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome (TSS…)

 

“Persons of all ages are affected; most do not have predisposing underlying diseases. This is in sharp contrast to previous reports of GAS bacteremia, in which patients were either under 10 or over 60 years of age, and most had underlying conditions such as cancer, renal failure, leukemia, or severe burns or were receiving corticosteroids or other immunosuppressing drugs. The complications of current GAS infections are severe; bacteremia associated with aggressive soft tissue infection, shock, adult respiratory distress syndrome and renal failure are common; 30% to 70% of patients die in spite of aggressive modern treatments…

 

“The portal of entry of streptococci cannot be proven in at least half the cases and can only be presumed in many others. Patients with symptomatic pharyngitis rarely develop streptococcal TSS, though such cases have been reported, especially in the last year. Procedures such as suctionlipectomy, hysterectomy, vaginal delivery, bunionectomy [bunion surgery] and bone pinning[3] have provided a portal of entry in many cases (author’s unpublished observations). Most commonly, infection begins at a site of minor local trauma, which frequently does not result in a break in the skin. Numerous cases have developed within 24 to 72 hours of minor nonpenetrating trauma, resulting in hematoma, deep bruise to the calf, or even muscle strain. Virus infections, such as varicella [chickenpox] and influenza, have provided a portal in other cases. In some cases the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents may have either masked the early symptoms or predisposed the patient to more severe streptococcal infection and shock. For the most part, these infections have occurred sporadically and have not been associated with clusters of cases or minor epidemics, though outbreaks of severe GAS-infections have occurred in closed environments such as nursing homes.

 

“Pain the most common initial symptom of streptococcal TSS is abrupt in onset and severe, and usually precedes tenderness or physical findings. The pain usually involves an extremity but may also mimic peritonitis,[4] pelvic inflammatory disease, pneumonia, acute myocardial infarction, or pericarditis.[5] Twenty percent of patients have an influenza-like syndrome characterized by fever, chills, myalgia [muscle pain], nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Fever is the most common early sign, although hypothermia may be present in patients with shock. Confusion is present in 55% of patients, and in some, coma or combativeness is manifest. Eighty percent of patients have clinical signs of soft tissue infection, such as localized swelling and erythema,[6] which in 70% of patients progressed to necrotizing fasciitis or myositis[7] and required surgical debridement,[8] fasciotomy[9] or amputation. An ominous sign is the progression of soft tissue swelling to the formation of vesicles, then bullae,[10] which appear violaceous[11] or bluish….” (Stevens. “Streptococcal Toxic-Shock Syndrome: Spectrum of Disease, Pathogenesis, and New Concepts in Treatment.” Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 1, No. 3, July 1995.)

 

Sources

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Compressed Mortality File 1999-2016. CDC Wonder Online Database, released June 2017. ICD-10 code A48.3, Toxic shock syndrome (2002). Accessed 11-2-2018 at: https://wonder.cdc.gov

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS) (Streptococcus pyogenes) 2020 Case Definition. Accessed 11-1-2018 at: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/conditions/streptococcal-toxic-shock-syndrome/case-definition/2010/

 

Stevens, Dennis L. “Streptococcal Toxic-Shock Syndrome: Spectrum of Disease, Pathogenesis, and New Concepts in Treatment.” Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 1, No. 3, July 1995. Accessed 11-1-2018 at: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/1/3/95-0301_article

[1] Rare bacterial infection that spreads quickly in the body and can cause death. (CDC)

[2] Producing or produced by fever.

[3] Medical procedure wherein metal screws, pins, rods or plates are used to hold a bone or bones in place.

[4] Inflammation of the peritoneum — a silk-like membrane that lines the abdominal wall and covers the organs within the abdomen. (Mayo Clinic. “Peritonitis.”

[5] Inflammation of the tissue surrounding the heart.

[6] Superficial reddening of the skin, usually in patches, as a result in injury or irritation causing dilation of the blood capillaries.

[7] Inflammation of the muscles one uses to move the body.

[8] Removal of damaged tissue or foreign objects from a wound.

[9] Surgical procedure where the fascia (thin sheath of fibrous tissue enclosing a muscle or organ.

[10] Bubble-like cavity filled with air or fluid.

[11] Of a violet color.

–646 CDC Wonder. (Average hypothermia death rate was 0.22 per 100,000 population.)

Death rate for hypothermia per 100,000 population, where noted.

Alaska 19
Arizona 17
California 29 0.08
Colorado 16
Georgia 12
Illinois 35 0.28
Indiana 18
Kentucky 11
Louisiana 11
Maryland 23
Massachusetts 12
Michigan 43 0.43
Minnesota 14
Missouri 14
Montana 12
New Jersey 17
New Mexico 16
New York 28 0.15
North Carolina 34 0.41
Ohio 16 0.17
Oregon 14
Pennsylvania 47 0.38
South Carolina 15
Texas 28 0.13
Virginia 22 0.30
Washington 16
Wisconsin 12

Source

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Underlying Cause of Death 1999-2019 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2020. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2019, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/ucd-icd10.html on Aug 22, 2021 12:32:36 PM

–93  CDC Wonder. Compressed Mortality File 1999-2016. ICD-10 code[1] A09 Diarrhoea/Gastroenteritis.

 

Rate Per 100,000 (average = 0.032

 

California       12        0.034   Yellow highlighting denotes above average death rate.

 

Narrative Information

 

Blanchard note: Any State not listed, as well as DC indicates that the “total” function was “disabled” due to fewer than 10 deaths. Puerto Rico is not included in what can be searched.

 

Gastroenteritis: “Viral gastroenteritis is an intestinal infection marked by watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea or vomiting, and sometimes fever.

 

“The most common way to develop viral gastroenteritis — often called stomach flu — is through contact with an infected person or by ingesting contaminated food or water. If you’re otherwise healthy, you’ll likely recover without complications. But for infants, older adults and people with compromised immune systems, viral gastroenteritis can be deadly.

 

“There’s no effective treatment for viral gastroenteritis, so prevention is key. In addition to avoiding food and water that may be contaminated, thorough and frequent hand-washings are your best defense…

 

“Although it’s commonly called stomach flu, gastroenteritis isn’t the same as influenza. Real flu (influenza) affects only your respiratory system — your nose, throat and lungs. Gastroenteritis, on the other hand, attacks your intestines….

 

“Depending on the cause, viral gastroenteritis symptoms may appear within one to three days after you’re infected and can range from mild to severe. Symptoms usually last just a day or two, but occasionally they may persist as long as 10 days….

 

“Causes. You’re most likely to contract viral gastroenteritis when you eat or drink contaminated food or water, or if you share utensils, towels or food with someone who’s infected….” (Mayo Clinic. Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu). 12-2-2014.)

 

WebMD: “Gastroenteritis….The most common cause of gastroenteritis is a virus. Gastroenteritis flu can be caused by many different kinds of viruses. The main types are rotavirus and norovirus.

 

“What Causes Gastroenteritis: There are many ways gastroenteritis an be spread:

 

Contact with someone who has the virus

Contaminated food or water

Unwashed hands after going to the bathroom or changing a diaper.”

 

(WebMD. Gastroenteritis.)

 

Sources

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Compressed Mortality File 1999-2016. CDC Wonder Online Database, Released June 2017. ICD-10 code A09, Diarrhoea and Gastroenteritis of infections origin, 2002. Accessed 10-29-2018 at:

https://wonder.cdc.gov

 

Mayo Clinic. Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu). 12-2-2014. Accessed 10-15-2018 at:

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/viral-gastroenteritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20378847

 

WebMD. Gastroenteritis.) Accessed 10-15-2018 at: https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/gastroenteritis#1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[1] ICD-10 is the 10^th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, a medical classification list by the World Health Organization.

–18  CDC Wonder. Compressed Mortality, 1999-2016 ICD-10 Code A37, Whooping Cough.

 

Source

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Compressed Mortality, 1999-2016. ICD-10 code A37.0, Whooping Cough (2002). 2017. Accessed 7-19-2018 at: http://wonder.cdc.gov/cmf-icd10.html